Introduction

General description

Project description

Sampling methods

Sampling description: 

The fish samples were either collected from 43 wild habitats as well as from one fish cage in the lake or purchased at 24 local markets (Fig. 1​). The fishes were collected by hand-nets, throwing nets, traps and/or purchased from fishermen. In the markets, we avoided purchasing the obvious cultured fishes from other areas (especially from Yangon and Mandalay), such as Wallago spp. and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, by checking with the seller.

Figure 1.  

Spatial coverage of the sampling points. Solid circles indicate wild environments such as rivers and reservoirs. White circles indicate local markets and a grey circle indicates a fish cage in the lake.

Geographic coverage

Taxonomic coverage

Description: 

Annandale (1918), Akihito and Meguro (1975), Roberts (1986), Kottelat (1990), Talwar and Jhingran (1991), Fang (1997), Roberts (1997), Musikasinthorn (1998), Roberts (1998), Kottelat and Witte (1999), Ng et al. (1999), Kottelat (2001), Fang (2003), Kottelat (2003), Roberts (2007), Ng and Kottelat (2008), Fang et al. (2009), Matsumoto et al. (2009), Britz (2010), Havird and Page (2010), Jiang et al. (2012), Kottelat (2012), Kottelat et al. (2012), Pethiyagoda et al. (2012), Kottelat (2013), Hastings et al. (2014), Ratmuangkhwang et al. (2014) and Nelson et al. (2016) were used as a taxonomic reference for this work. The coverage of this dataset includes Subclass Actinopterygii. The orders are Cypriniformes (26 species), Anabantiformes (5), Siluriformes (5), Synbranchiformes (5), Cyprinodontiformes (2), Perciformes (2), Beloniformes (1), Cichliformes (1), Gobiiformes (1) and Osteoglossiformes (1) (Fig. 2). The families are Cyprinidae (20), Nemacheilidae (4), Ambassidae (2), Channidae (2), Clariidae (2), Mastacembelidae (2), Osphronemidae (2), Poeciliidae (2), Sisoridae (2), Synbranchidae (2), Anabantidae (1), Adrianichthyidae (1), Balitoridae (1), Chaudhuriidae (1), Cichlidae (1), Cobitidae (1), Gobiidae (1), Heteropneustidae (1) and Notopteridae (1) (Fig. 3).

Figure 2.  

Taxonomic coverage (by order).

Figure 3.  

Taxonomic coverage (by family).

Traits coverage

Temporal coverage

Collection data

Usage rights

Data resources

Additional information

Endemic, native and non-native or status uncertain

Inle Lake has an outstanding endemic fish fauna while non-native species have established in and around the lake. Thus, the species were discriminated by endemic, native (but not endemic), non-native and unknown as shown in Fig. 4. In addition, two endemic species reported in Annandale (1918) were not ascertained in this survey: the two species seemed to be very rare or already extinct from the studied area.

Figure 4.  

Distribution of the endemic, native, non-native and uncertain species in the studied area.

Endemic: Celestichthys erythromicron; Channa harcourtbutleri; Cyprinus intha; Gymnostomus horai; Inlecypris auropurpureus; Mastacembelus caudiocellatus; Mastacembelus oatesii; Microrasbora rubescens; Neolissochilus nigrovittatus; Petruichthys brevis; Physoschistura shanensis; Poropuntius schanicus; Sawbwa resplendens.

Native (but not endemic): Anabas testudineus; Channa striata; Chaudhuria caudata; Clarias cf. batrachus; Devario kakhienensis; Garra gravelyi; Glyptothorax granosus; Glyptothorax rugimentum; Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei; Monopterus cuchia; Monopterus javanensis; Notopterus notopterus; Pethia stoliczkana; Physoschistura rivulicola; Systomus cf. rubripinnis.

Non-native: Barbonymus gonionotus; Clarias gariepinus; Ctenopharyngodon idella; Cyprinus rubrofuscus; Esomus danrica; Gambusia affinis; Glossogobius cf. giuris; Heteropneustes fossilis; Labeo rohita; Oreochromis niloticus; Oryzias uwai; Parambassis lala; Parambassis ranga; Poecilia reticulata; Puntius sophore; Trichogaster labiosa; Trichopodus pectoralis.

Unknown: Balitora sp.; Devario sp.; Puntius cf. sophore; Schistura sp.

Endemic species unascertained: Systomus compressiformis; Silurus burmanensis.

Acknowledgements

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