Study area and sites

Classification and spatial distribution of residential area types

Data collection methods

Data processing methods

Summary of bird characteristics

α-Diversity characteristics of residential areas

Correlation between environmental factors and bird α-Diversity in residential areas

Regression analysis between environmental variables and bird α-Diversity in residential areas

Differences in bird community characteristics amongst residential types

Key environmental drivers influencing bird communities

Differences in response mechanisms of key factors across residential areas of different construction periods