Corresponding author: Yuichi Kano (
Academic editor: Yasen Mutafchiev
Loach is one of the major cypriniform fishes in freshwater habitats of Japan; 35 taxa/clades have, until now, been recognised. Parallel to genetic studies, morphological examinations are needed for further development of loach study, eventually ichthyology and fish biology. Digital archiving, concerning taxonomy, ecology, ethology etc., is one of the progressive challenges for the open science of biology. This paper aimed to online publish photo images, 3D models and CT scanned data of all the known clades of loaches inhabiting Japan (103 individuals in total with several type specimens), contributing to ichthyology and public interest of biodiversity/biology.
Photo images, 3D models and CT scanned data of all the known 35 taxa/clades of loaches inhabiting in Japan were online published at
Loach is one of the major cypriniform fishes in freshwater habitats of Japan, being recognised with 23 described species/subspecies and 12 undescribed/undecided clades (
This research aims to
1) list all the known taxa/clades of loaches inhabiting Japan with photo images (
2) digitalise the specimens of each taxa/clades by 3D models and CT scanning (
The dataset was also registered on GBIF (
Photo images and specimens of loaches of Japan were taken in the field and borrowed from museums (see "Collection data").
The specimens were generally captured by a hand-net in the field. All the specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and preserved in 70% ethanol.
Photo images were taken in the field by capturing individuals (Fig.
Inland water habitats of Japan.
23 and 46 Latitude; 150 and 123 Longitude.
This paper includes all the known 35 loach taxa/clades (103 specimens) in Japan, of which 12 clades have still been undescribed or are uncertain.
Holotype:
Paratypes:
Twenty taxa of genus
The situation about "
Two
CR:
NT:
LC: "
Assumed to be extinct:
Rank | Scientific Name | Common Name |
---|---|---|
kingdom |
|
Animals |
phylum |
|
Chordates |
subphylum |
|
Vertebrates and hagfishes |
class |
|
Bony fishes and tetrapods |
subclass |
|
Ray-finned fishes |
order |
|
Carps, loaches, minnows and relatives |
family |
|
Botiid loach |
species |
|
"Ayumodoki" |
family |
|
True loaches |
species |
|
"Ariake-suji-shima-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Oogata-suji-shima-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Yamato-shima-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Yamato-shima-dojyô" (Type A) |
subspecies |
|
"San'yô-kogata-suji-shima-dojyô" |
subspecies |
|
"Biwa-kogata-suji-shima-dojyô" |
subspecies |
|
"San'in-kogata-suji-shima-dojyô" |
subspecies |
|
"Tôkai-kogata-suji-shima-dojyô" |
subspecies |
|
"Yodo-kogata-suji-shima-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Oyodo-shima-dojyô" |
species |
|
" |
species |
|
"Oo-shima-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Nishi-shima-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Higashi-shima-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Tosa-shima-dojyô" |
subspecies |
|
"Onga-suji-shima-dojyô" |
subspecies |
|
"Hakata-suji-shima-dojyô" |
subspecies |
|
"Chûgata-suji-shima-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Ishi-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Tango-suji-shima-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Kita-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Dojyô" (Japan clade) |
species |
|
"Dojyô" (China clade) |
species |
|
"Jindai-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Shinobi-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Hyoumon-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Kara-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Ajime-dojyô" |
family |
|
Stone loaches |
species |
|
"Fuku-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Hime-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Hotoke-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Ezo-hotoke-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Nagare-hotoke-dojyô" |
species |
|
"Tôkai-nagare-hotoke-dojyô" |
Several specimens have no temporal information.
JNC/JNCP (J. Nakajima's personal collection); KPM (
Fixed in formalin and preserved in 70% ethanol.
Other
Photo images, 3D models and CT scanned data of loaches (
3
loachesOfJapan
html; jpg
6
UTF-8
All the 35 known clades of loaches inhabiting Japan are listed with photo images. Below, the main 6 columns are listed;
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
Scientific name | Formal scientific name or tentative name |
Taxon | Taxonomical hierarchy (order/family/genus) |
Species image | Photo images of the species |
N | Number of specimen/occurence data |
Specimens/data distribution | Showing rough localities of the occurence on a map |
Other information | Other information such as Japanese name |
loachesOfJapan3D
html; Wavefront object format (.obj); CT dicom file (.dcm)
12
UTF-8
Surface/skeletal 3D models and CT scanned data are available for all the clades (103 individuals). To render the CT dicom files as a visual 3D volume,
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
Specimen/Data ID | ID for the specimen/occurence |
Images | Downloadable images/files of photos, 3D models and CT scanned data |
Species | Scientific name (or tentative name) of the specimen |
Taxon | Taxonomical hierarchy (order/family/genus) |
N | Number of the individual(s) |
DNA information | DNA sequence data if available |
Location | Description of the locality |
Specimens/data distribution | Showing rough localities of the occurence on a map |
Sample year/month/day | Temporal infomation of the sampling |
Japanese name | Japanese name |
English name | English name or roman phonetics for Japanese |
Comment | Other infomation such as sex, holotype, paratype etc. |
Photo images, 3D models and CT scanned data of loaches (
Darwin Core Archive
10
GBIF registered occurrence data for the specimens. Below, the main 10 columns are listed;
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
occurrenceID | Occurrence ID and URL |
basisOfRecord | The specific nature of the data record |
eventDate | The date-time or interval during which the specimen collected |
scientificName | Scientific name (or tentative name) of the specimen |
decimalLatitude | Rough value of decimal latitude |
decimalLongitude | Rough value of decimal longtitude |
verbatimLocality | Description of the locality |
typeStatus | Noted if the specimen is holotype or paratype |
sex | Discrimination of male or female, while some are unknown |
vernacularName | Japanese name |
We deeply appreciate Dr. Akihisa Iwata for help in taking photographs of
Yuichi Kano (manuscript writing, photographs and database/data management), Jun Nakajima (manuscript writing, photographs, identification and specimens provision), Taksehi Yamasaki (CT scanning), Jyun-ichi Kitamura (specimens provision) and Ryoichi Tabata (specimens provision).
A photo image of an individual of
A photo image of
An old specimen of
A 3D model of the surface of
A 3D skeletal model of a paratype of
CT scanned data of
A movie for CT scanned data of