Category;Trait;Definition;"Information source*" Movement;Residency;"Four states:Resident: birds stay in Taiwan year-roundWinter visitor: migratory birds which arrive in Taiwan in autumn, spend the wintertime in Taiwan and leave for their breeding grounds outside Taiwan in springSummer visitor: migratory birds which arrive in Taiwan in spring, breed in Taiwan and leave for their wintering areas outside Taiwan at the end of summer or early autumnPassage migrants: migratory birds which pass through Taiwan during their migration, possibly stopping in Taiwan for a few days, but not staying for extended periods of time";(1)  Morphology;"Body mass";"Weight of a bird";"(2), (3), (4), (5), (6) " "Body length ";"Distance from the tip of the bill to the end of the tail" "Head length ";"Distance from the tip of the bill to the back of the skull" "Natural wing length ";"Distance from the carpal joint to the tip of the longest primary feather" "Tail length ";"Distance from the root to the end of the longest tail feather" "Tarsus length ";"Distance from the base of the tarsus to the tip of the middle toe" Distribution;"Lower elevation boundary";"Lower elevation boundary of the distribution range in Taiwan";(7)  "Upper elevation boundary ";"Upper elevation boundary of the distribution range in Taiwan" "Lower temperature boundary";"Lower temperature boundary of the distribution range in Taiwan" "Upper temperature boundary";"Upper temperature boundary of the distribution range in Taiwan" Activity;Nocturnality;"Birds foraging mainly at night";(6)  Feeding ;Diet ;"Ten food types in the diet (Wilman et al. 2014):Invertebrates: invertebrates-general, aquatic invertebrates, shrimp, krill, squid, crustacaeans, molluscs, cephalapod, polychaetes, gastropods, orthoptera, terrestrial invertebrates, ground insects, insect larvae, worms, orthopterans, flying insectsMammals and birdsReptiles and amphibians: reptiles, snakes, amphibians, salamandersFishUnknown vertebrates: vertebrates-general or unknownDead organisms: garbage, offal, carcasses, trawlers, carrionFruits: fruits, drupesNectar and pollen: nectar, pollen, plant exudates, gumsSeeds: seeds, maize, nuts, spores, wheat, grainsOther plant parts: grass, ground vegetation, seedlings, weeds, lichen, moss, small plants, reeds, cultivated crops, forbs, vegetables, fungi, roots, tubers, legumes, bulbs, leaves, above-ground vegetation, twigs, bark, shrubs, herbs, shoots, aquatic vegetation, aquatic plants";(6)  "Foraging stratum";"Seven foraging strata (Wilman et al. 2014):Below the water surface: foraging below the water surfaceAround the water surface: foraging on or just (<12.5 cm) below the water surfaceOn the ground: foraging on the ground In forest understorey: foraging below 2 m in the understorey in a forest, forest edges, bushes or shrubsIn middle to high levels in trees: foraging in mid- to high-levels in trees or high bushes (2 m upwards), but below the canopy In or above tree canopy: foraging in or just above (from) tree canopyIn aerial: foraging well above vegetation or any structures" Habitat ;"Habitat types";"Thirteen habitat types (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species; http://www.iucnredlist.org/): Forest: areas with continuous stands of trees, including both forested and wooded areasSavannah: areas with grass ground cover with an overstorey of widely-spaced trees and shrubsShrubland: areas with scrub, bushland and thicketGrassland: areas with grasses and broadleaved herbaceous plants, without or with very sparsely-distributed treesWetland: areas with marsh or water, where the water is either flowing or stagnantRocky area: including inland cliffs, mountain peaks, talus and feldmarkNeritic area: including submergence, nearshore, on or over the continental shelf or oceanic island shelfIntertidal area: areas of the shore between the extremes of high and low tidesCoastal or supratidal area: coastal areas above the high tide markTerrestrial artificial area: human-made terrestial habitatsAquatic artificial area: human-made wetland habitatsOther habitatsUnknown habitat";(2) Breeding ;"Clutch size";"Number of eggs laid by a female bird in a single brood";"(2), (3) " "Incubation period";"Length of the period from laying the last egg of the clutch until egg hatching" "Egg length ";"Length of the long diameter of eggs" "Egg width";"Length of the short diameter of eggs" "Brood parasitism";"A type of social parasitism in which eggs are laid in the nests of other birds and the young are reared by the hosts" "Nest structure ";"Structure of a nest; including seven types (Fang et al. 2018):Scrape: a nest without obvious construction or with only brief scratching or cleaningPlatform: a nest where feathers, leaves, sticks or vines are stacked or loosely intertwined to form a platformCup: a nest with an erected, surrounding rim made by interweaving nest materials or mud; varying in depth but parental birds could not entirely hide inside the nestDome: a nest where a parental bird could sit inside without exposing the bodyDome with a tunnel: a domed nest with a tunnel exitPrimary cavity: a nest built inside a cave excavated directly by the birds using the caveSecondary cavity: a nest built inside a cave generated naturally or originally excavated by other animals" "Nest site";"Location where a nest was built, including seven types (Fang et al. 2018):Ground: on the groundTree: on/in treesNon-tree vegetation: on bushes, bamboo or thick tangled herbaceous vegetationCliff and bank: in cliffs, riverbanks or piles of soil or rocksUnderground: in burrows undergroundWaterbody: on the surface of water or piled up from the bottom of lakes or ponds and thus surrounded by waterTermite/ant nest: in termite or ant nests" "Nest attachment ";"The way a nest is attached to a supporting object, including four types (Fang et al. 2018):Basal: a nest supported mainly from its bottomHorizontally forked: a nest attached to two or more horizontally forked tree or bush branches by the lateral parts of the nestLateral: a nest attached to a supporting object solely by its lateral partsPensile: a nest hanged down from a supporting object"