Corresponding author: Magdi S. El-Hawagry (
Academic editor: Arturo Goldarazena
This study is one in a series of planned studies on different Egyptian dipteran taxa aiming to catalogue the whole order in Egypt.
All known Egyptian taxa of the family
The females of most ceratopogonid species are blood-suckers of vertebrates, particularly along sea shores, rivers, lakes and mangrove swamps. Members of the genera
Ceratopogonid adults can be distinguished by their wings: wing with hind margin with simple setulae, with eight or fewer longitudinal veins reaching margin, vein M1+2 usually forked, vein R2+3 straight or virtually so (arrowed) not arched and basal medial cross-vein absent (
In Egypt, biting midges constitute a major threat to the tourism industry, especially at recreational beaches and in the resort areas of Southern Sinai, the North Coast and the Red Sea shores (
Some previous studies have been carried out to study the Egyptian fauna of biting midges, including:
In the present study, a total of 64 species belonging to 11 genera, four tribes and four subfamilies has been catalogued (Table
This study is one in a series of planned studies on different Egyptian dipteran taxa aiming to catalogue the whole order in Egypt (
The basic sources for this part of the catalogue are data from some specimens collected from different Egyptian localities by the authors, in addition to literature records from previous studies on the Egyptian fauna of biting midges, including:
Abbreviations used:
AF, Afrotropical AU, Australasian ICZN, The International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature Is., Islands N., North NE, Nearctic NT, Neotropical OR, Oriental PA, Palaearctic S., South St., Saint USA, United States of America var., variety
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Gebel Maryiam, Moaskar). Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Cairo. Sinai: Bir El-Abd. Western Desert: Saqqara, Wadi El-Natroun.
Dates of collection in Egypt: December to July.
AF: Sudan, Yemen (Kamaran Is.). PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Gebel Maryiam, Moaskar). Sinai: Bir El-Abd.
Dates of collection in Egypt: January to April.
PA: ?Egypt, Tunisia.
Local distribution in Egypt: Unknown.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
?- This species was listed as recorded from Egypt by Steyskal & El-Bialy (1967), but no specimens or published records have been found
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Cairo.
Dates of collection in Egypt: December.
PA: Egypt, Spain.
Local distribution in Egypt: Upper Nile Valley: Luxor.
Dates of collection in Egypt: December.
AF: Ghana. PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Ayiat, El-Hager (Mansheyet El-Qanatir), El-Qanatir, El-Badrasheen, Maadi. Upper Nile Valley: Assiout, Asswan, Beni Hassan, Dendera, Girga.
Dates of collection in Egypt: August to December.
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi (at border of the Nile).
Dates of collection in Egypt: October.
AF: South Africa, Sudan, Yemen. PA: Algeria, Canary Islands, Egypt, Israel, Spain.
Local distribution in Egypt: Fayoum: Shakshook. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Cairo, El-Hager (Mansheyet El-Qanatir), Maadi (at border of the Nile). Upper Nile Valley: Asswan, Beni Hassan, Dendera, Edfu, Girga, Luxor. El Sammaneen (Luxor). Western Desert: El-Bustan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: August to December.
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi.
Dates of collection in Egypt: October.
AF: Widely distributed. PA: Algeria, Andorra, Azores, Bahrain, Canary Is., Egypt, Israel, Spain.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moaskar). Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Ayiat, El-Qanatir, Maadi. Upper Nile Valley: Asswan, Benni Hassan. Western Desert: El-Bustan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: August to December.
AF: Widespread. PA: Canary Islands, Egypt, Israel.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moaskar). Fayoum: Shakshook. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: El-Badrasheen, El-Qanatir. Upper Nile Valley: Asswan, Sohag (El-Shewash).
Dates of collection in Egypt: September to February.
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi. Upper Nile Valley: Sohag (El-Shewash).
Dates of collection in Egypt: September and October.
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi (at border of the Nile).
Dates of collection in Egypt: July.
AF: Widely distributed. AU: Hawaii. NE: USA. OR: Widely distributed. PA: Canary Islands, Egypt, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: El-Badrasheen, El-Qanatir, Marsafa. Upper Nile Valley: Asswan, Luxor (El-Sammaneen), Sohag (El-Shewash).
Dates of collection in Egypt: September to April.
AF: Widely distributed in AF, NE, NEO, OR and PA.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: El-Badrasheen, Giza. Upper Nile. Valley: Assiout. Western Desert: El-Bustan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: December & April.
Widespread in AF, PA and NE.
Local distribution in Egypt: Coastal Strip: Alexandria (Sidi Gaber). Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar), Suez (Guyot Garden). Lower Nile Valley & Delta: El-Qanatir, Maadi. Upper Nile Valley: Asswan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: August to April.
PA: Algeria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Egypt, Israel, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Upper Nile Valley: Asswan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: November to March.
PA: Algeria, Egypt, Spain.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Pyramids.
Dates of collection in Egypt: April.
PA: Algeria, Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Coastal Strip: Alexandria (sea shore). Eastern Desert: Suez (Guyot Gardens), Wadis near Helwan. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi.
Dates of collection in Egypt: April and October.
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar), Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi.
Dates of collection in Egypt: February to November.
AF: Ghana, Madagascar, Mozambique, South Africa. AF: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar).
Dates of collection in Egypt: March and April.
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Nifisha).
Dates of collection in Egypt: July.
AF: South Africa. PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar).
Dates of collection in Egypt: February and March.
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi.
Dates of collection in Egypt: October.
AF: Yemen. PA: Afghanistan, Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., China, Czech Republic, Egypt, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Iran, Japan, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Lower Nile Valley & Delta: EI-Qanatir, EI-Mansoura, Marsafa. Western Desert: EI-Bustan (Beheira).
Dates of collection in Egypt: February, April, August and November.
AF: Malawi, Uganda. PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Western Desert: EI-Bustan (Beheira).
Dates of collection in Egypt: February.
AF: Senegal. PA: Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Morocco, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: El-Tour, Marsa Abu Zabad, Wadi Ba'aba'a (S. Sinai).
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
AF: Cameroon, Kenya, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zimbabwe. PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: EI-Hamra, EI-Qanatir. Upper Nile Valley: Luxor. Western Desert: Baharriya Oasis (EI-Hara), Wadi El-Natroun.
Dates of collection in Egypt: August to December.
PA: Egypt, Israel, Morocco.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: El-Tour (Wadi Dissa), Hammam Moussa.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
PA: Algeria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Italy, former Yugoslavia, Morocco, Russia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: El-Arish.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: St. Catherine (S. Sinai).
Dates of collection in Egypt: June.
OR & PA: Widespread in Asia and Europe, Egypt, Tunisia.
Local distribution in Egypt: Coastal Strip: Abis. Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Fayoum: EI-Siliyin, Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Abbassiya (Cairo), Abu-Rawash, Aga, El-Hager (Mansheyet El-Qanater), EI-Qanatir, Mit Yaish (Mit Ghamr), Nawasa El-Gheit. Upper Nile Valley: Assiout (Biblaw), Minya. Western Desert: Abis, El-Bustan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: March to November.
AF: Widespread. PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia. Fayoum: EI-Siliyin. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Abbassiya, Abu-Rawash, Ashmoun, Ayiat, Bulaq El-Dakrour, Cairo, El-Khanka, El-Mansoura, EI-Qanatir, Etay El-Baroud, Kafr Hamza, Kafr Tarkhan, Maadi, Mit Yaish (Mit Ghamr), Shatanuf. Upper Nile Valley: Assiout. Western Desert: El-Bustan, Itay El-Baroud.
Dates of collection in Egypt: May to December.
PA: Armenia, Azerbaijan Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Wadi Ba’aba’a.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
PA: Egypt, Israel.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Qadesh Barnea (El-Arish).
Dates of collection in Egypt: November.
AF: Widespread. OR: India, Laos, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. PA: Algeria, Cyprus, France, the Near and Middle East, Morocco, Portugal, Spain.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar), Suez. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Giza, Bulaq El-Dakrour.
Dates of collection in Egypt: February to May.
PA: Algeria, Corsica, Egypt, Israel, Morocco, Tunisia, Portugal, Spain, Turkey.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Ga’al.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
AF: Sudan. PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi. Sinai: Bir El-Abd.
Dates of collection in Egypt: February to April and August to November.
PA: Egypt, Iran, Israel, Tunisia.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Bir El-Abd, El-Tour, Hammam Moussa.
Dates of collection in Egypt: July.
AF: Widespread. PA: Cyprus, Egypt, Israel.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi. Upper Nile Valley: Assiout, Minya. Western Desert: Wadi El-Natroun.
Dates of collection in Egypt: October to April.
PA: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Spain, Tunisia.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Khirba.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
PA: Europe (Widespread), Middle East and North Africa.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Bir El-Abd, Salmana, Ga’al, Khirba.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
PA: Egypt, Iran, Israel.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Mersa Abu Zabad.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
PA: Egypt, Saudi Arabia.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Khirba.
Dates of collection in Egypt: April.
Doubtful record.
AF: Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Upper Volta, Zaire, Zimbabwe. PA: ?Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: ?Eastern Desert: ?Ismailia.
?- This Afrotropical species was listed as recorded from Egypt by Morsy et al. (1989), but no specimens have been found to ensure this record. It must be considered very doubtful as an Egyptian species.
PA: Algeria, Egypt, Europe (distributed through much of Europe), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Morocco.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Sheikh Zowaiid (N. Sinai). Western Desert: El-Bustan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: February and March.
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Suez (Guyot Garden).
Dates of collection in Egypt: April.
PA: Widespread.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Sinai: Bir El-Abd.
Dates of collection in Egypt: March to July.
PA: Balearic Is., Belgium, British Is., Corsica, Cyprus, Dodecanese Is., France, Hungary, Italy, Middle East, North Africa, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine.
Local distribution in Egypt: Coastal Strip: Alexandria, Burg El-Arab, Burg Rashid. Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Fayed, Nifisha & Moascar), Suez. Fayoum: Sinnuris. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Abbassiya, Abu-Rawash, Aga, Bulaq El-Dakrour, Cairo, Desouk, El-Basatin, EI-Mansoura, Giza, Maadi, Mit Yaish (Mit Ghamr). Upper Nile Valley: Dairout, Minya. Western Desert: Abis, Itay El-Baroud.
Dates of collection in Egypt: March to November.
NE: from Alaska to Manitoba, south to British Columbia, Wyoming and Nebraska. PA: China, Egypt, Europe (widespread), Iran, Japan, Mongolia, Morocco.
Local distribution in Egypt: Coastal Strip: Roseta. Fayoum: El-Siliyin Lower Nile valley & Delta: Abu-Rawash. Upper Nile Valley: Asswan (Botanical Garden, High Dam), Minya. Western Desert: Wadi El-Natroun.
Dates of collection in Egypt: throughout the year.
PA: Algeria, Cyprus, Italy, Portuguese, Sicily, Spain, Middle East, Turkey.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Bir El-Abd, Bir Lahfan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
AF: Widespread. AU: New Ginea. OR: Indonesia. PA: China, Cyprus, Japan, Korea, Middle East, North Africa, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
Local distribution in Egypt: widely distributed.
Dates of collection in Egypt: throughout the year.
PA: Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, China, France, Greece, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Middle East, Morocco, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Wadi Sa’al.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
PA: Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: El-Tour, Wadi Ba’aba’a.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
AF: Widespread. OR: India, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand. PA: Middle East, Morocco.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Kafr El-Zaiyat, Shatanouf.
Dates of collection in Egypt: February to July.
NE: Canada. PA: Egypt, Europe (widespread).
Local distribution in Egypt: Unknown.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
This species was listed as recorded from Egypt by Steyskal & El-Bialy (1967), but no other published records or specimens have been found.
PA: Egypt, Israel.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Sinai: Bir El-Abd.
Dates of collection in Egypt: April to July.
AF: Widespread. PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Ayiat, Maadi. Upper Nile Valley: Beni Hassan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: October to March.
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: E-Shira el Gharkana, Marsa Abu Zabad, Ras Muhammad.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Cairo. Upper Nile Valley: Luxor.
Dates of collection in Egypt: November and December.
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Cairo. Upper Nile Valley: Sohag (EI-Shewash).
Dates of collection in Egypt: September to November.
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi.
Dates of collection in Egypt: October.
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Suez.
Dates of collection in Egypt: September.
AF: Gambia, Nigeria, South Africa, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. PA: Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, Europe (widespread), Israel, Lebanon.
Local distribution in Egypt: Fayoum: Etsa, Fayoum City. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Banha, Cairo, EI-Mansoura, El-Qanatir, Maadi, Marsafa. Western Desert: EI-Bustan (Beheira).
Dates of collection in Egypt: March to November.
We would like to extend our sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this study [research group: RGP-1438-082].
All authors contributed equally to this manuscript
Map of Egypt showing the ecological zones
Taxa treated in the catalogue.
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