Anteon hubeni a new species from Ecuador (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae)

Abstract Background Anteon is a speciose genus widespread in all zoogeographical regions, except Antarctica. New information A new species, Anteon hubeni sp. n., is described below from Ecuador, Pichincha Province. The new species is similar to Anteon oliveirai Olmi, known from Brazil, Minas Gerais. The main difference between these two species concerns the sculpture of the frons: in A. oliveirai, the frons shows two lateral keels around the orbits directed towards the antennal toruli, whereas in A. hubeni, these keels are not present. The key to the Neotropical species of Anteon is modified to include the new species.


Introduction
Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) from Ecuador have been studied mainly by Olmi and Virla (2014) in a monograph on the Neotropical Dryinidae. With 464 world species (Olmi et al. 2019) and 72 in the Neotropical region (Olmi and Virla 2014), the genus Anteon Jurine, 1807, is the largest in the subfamily Anteoninae. Species of Anteon are known to parasitise various leafhoppers belonging to Cicadellidae, many of which are significant pests of cultivated plants (Guglielmino et al. 2013). In 2019, we received on loan a small collection of unidentified Dryinidae collected in Ecuador by Mike Huben, an independent researcher working for many years in that country. Amongst this material, there was a new species of Anteon described below.

Materials and methods
The description follows the morphological terminology of Olmi and Virla (2014), partly updated following Azevedo et al. (2018), Kawada et al. (2015), Lanes et al. (2020). The measurements reported are relative, except for the total length (head to metasomal tip, without antennae and sting). Antennal proportions refer to the lengths of the relevant segments as proportions of each other, values rounded to the nearest whole number. The following abbreviations are used: POL, distance between the inner edges of the two lateral ocelli; OL, shortest distance between the edge of a lateral ocellus and the median ocellus; OOL, distance from the outer edge of a lateral ocellus to the compound eye; OPL, distance from the posterior edge of a lateral ocellus to the occipital carina; TL, distance from the posterior edge of the eye to the occipital carina.
The types of all Neotropical species of Anteon have been previously examined by the authors.
The specimens studied in this paper are deposited in the following collections: QCAZ: Museo de Zoologia, Sección Invertebrados, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Quito, Ecuador; DBUSU: Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.
The description of the new species is based on a single specimen. The authors are aware that descriptions of new taxa should normally be based on more than one individual. However, the Dryinidae are so scarce that more than one specimen of each species can be rarely procured. In addition, on the basis of our experience and knowledge, species are sufficiently delimited by unique characters to justify their description.

Diagnosis
Female of Anteon with frons not provided with lateral keels around orbits directed towards antennal toruli (Fig. 1c), mesoscutum mostly unsculptured (Fig. 1a), propodeal declivity not provided with longitudinal keels (Fig. 1a), protarsomere 1 twice as long as protarsomere 4.  (Figs 3, 4). However, in A. oliveirai, the frons shows two lateral keels around the orbits directed towards the antennal toruli (Fig. 4d), whereas in A. hubeni, these keels are not present (Fig. 1c). Following the above description of the new species, the key to the females of the Neotropical Anteon species published by Olmi and Virla (2014) (not reproduced entirely here, because it is composed of 44 couplets) can be modified by replacing the first five couplets as below.

Etymology
The species is named after the collector, Dr. Mike Huben.

Distribution
The new species is known only from the type locality.

Ecology
The new species was collected in a Polylepis forest.

Part of the key to the females of the Neotropical Anteon species published by Olmi and Virla (2014) including the new species
1 Protarsomere 4 at most 0.5x as long as protarsomere 1 2 -Protarsomere 4 as long as, or only slightly shorter or longer than, protarsomere 1

5'
Frons with two lateral keels around orbits directed towards antennal toruli (Fig. 4d) A. oliveirai Olmi -Frons without lateral keels around orbits directed towards antennal toruli (Fig. 1c) A. hubeni sp. n. Olmi and Virla (2014) recorded 72 species of Anteon from the Neotropical region, amongst which are 19 from Ecuador (area: 283,561 km ). Following the above description, this number increases to 20, more than in the closest countries, Colombia (area: 1,141,748 km ) and Peru (area: 1,285,220 km ), where eleven and seven species are known, respectively (Olmi and Virla 2014). The difference is probably connected with more research undertaken in Ecuador.