Corresponding author: Analyn Anzano Cabras (
Academic editor: Jennifer C. Girón Duque
The genus
Four new species of
The genus
In our examination of the specimens at the
Prior to collection, Gratuitous Permits were obtained from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. For collection, the specimens deposited in the University of Mindanao
/ indicates different lines of text in a label
// indicates different labels on the same specimen.
â arithmetic mean rounded to one decimal place;
LB body length, from the apical margin of pronotum to the apex of elytra;
LE elytral length, from the level of the basal margins to the apex of elytra;
LP pronotal length, from base to apex along the mid-line;
LR length of rostrum;
WR maximum width across the rostrum;
WE maximum width across the elytra;
WP maximum width across the pronotum.
Comparative materials and specimens, used in the study, are deposited in the following institutional collections:
Habitus as shown in Fig.
Integument black. Body surface, rostrum, head and underside weakly lustrous.
Body subglabrous. Head subglabrous with sparse and minute pubescence; forehead between eyes slightly depressed, covered with metallic, golden-yellow, round scales; lateral parts with elongated patch of golden-yellow round scales below the eyes and metallic golden-yellow piliform scales towards ventral side; median groove distinct. Rostrum weakly rugose with sparse, minute pubescence, slightly longer than wide (LR/WR 1.66), dorsum bears minute, brownish hairs; baso-lateral surface with golden-yellow piliform scales which become longer towards anterolateral surface; apex with long, yellowish hairs; transverse basal groove distinct; dorsal surface convex. Eyes medium-sized and feebly convex. Antenna moderately clavate, scape slightly shorter than funicle, moderately covered with fine, long, recumbent, brownish hairs. Funicular antennomeres I and II almost of the same length, nearly three times longer than wide; antennomeres III–VII slightly longer than wide; club subovoid, nearly three times longer than wide. Prothorax subglobular, as long as wide (LP/WP 1.0), coarsely granulated with sparse minute pubescence, widest at mid-length, weakly convex, with a faint groove along midline reaching only mid-length and with the following scaly markings of metallic golden-yellow, round scales: a) thin band approximately 1/6 length of pronotum along apical margin, b) transverse band across entire width just slightly behind mid-length and c) lateroventral stripe before the coxa, confluent with anterior marginal band and transverse band at mid-length. Elytra short, subovate (LE/WE 1.25), wider and longer than prothorax (WE/WP 1.18, LE/LP 1.56), subglabrous, weakly convex, coarsely punctured, each puncture with light-coloured, short seta; each elytron with the following scaly markings; a) broad basal band nearly twice as broad as pronotal bands extending from suture to lateral margin, b) broad transverse medial band across entire width from suture towards lateral margin, c) subtriangular patch at apex and d) band along lateral margin confluent with basal and medial bands and subtriangular apical patch. Apical declivity along suture without scales, but with sparse golden-coloured suberect short hairs which continue and become denser towards apex. Legs with moderately clavate femora. Femora covered with recumbent brown hairs. Tibiae weakly serrate along inner margin with suberect, brown bristles along inner margin and subrecumbent brown hairs along outer margin. Fore and mid-tibiae bearing mucro at apex. All tarsomeres densely pubescent dorsally. Coxa with light-coloured recumbent hairs. Mesoventrite with sparse light-coloured, recumbent hairs. Metaventrite and ventrite I moderately depressed on disc, with light-coloured, adpressed hairs and yellow ochre, round scales towards lateral margins. Ventrites II–IV with sparse light-coloured, adpressed hairs. Ventrite V very weakly convex, densely punctured and with dense, long, light-brown adpressed hairs.
Female. Dimensions (in mm): N = 4. LB 8.5–9.5 (â: 8.75), LR 1.5–1.8 (â: 1.58), WR 1.2, LP 2.8–3.0 (â: 2.85), WP 2.9–3.0 (â: 2.93), LE 5.7–6.5 (â: 5.9), WE 4.0–4.5 (â: 4.13).
Females differ from males by the following characters: a) pronotum slightly longer than wide in females (LP/WP 0.96-1.0) than in males, b) elytra slightly longer and wider (LE/WE 1.43–1.44, WE/WP 1.38–1.5, LE/LP 2.03–2.17) than in males, c) elytral apex more pointed and with denser hairs at apex and d) posterior elytral marking imperfectly subtriangular. Otherwise, females similar to males.
The specific epithet is named after Kim Jumawan (Philippines) for his camaraderie and contribution in helping collect the species described herein.
Habitus as shown in Fig.
Integument of elytra black; integument of pronotum, head, scape and legs dark ferruginous; funicle, tarsi, rostrum black. Body surface, rostrum and head weakly lustrous and underside subopaque.
Body subglabrous. Head subglabrous, sparsely, minutely pubescent; lateroventral parts with yellow ochre and turquoise round and elliptic scales interspersed with light-coloured recumbent piliform scales, forehead between eyes slightly depressed, covered with metallic, yellow ochre and turquoise round and elliptic scales; median groove indistinct. Rostrum strongly rugose especially in basal half, sparsely, minutely pubescent, slightly longer than wide (LR/WR 1.18), dorsum bearing V-shape ridge and minute, light-coloured hairs; lateral surface with recumbent light-coloured hairs and long, light-brown hairs at the anterolateral margin; transverse basal groove distinct, beset with sparse, light yellow ochre and torquiose round scales; dorsal surface moderately convex. Eyes medium-sized and feebly convex. Antenna clavate, scape as long as funicle, moderately covered with fine, light-coloured hairs. Funicular antennomeres I and II of the same length, nearly three times longer than wide; antennomeres III–VII as long as wide; club subovoid, nearly three times longer than wide. Prothorax globular, slightly longer than wide (LP/WP 1.07), weakly granulated with sparse pubescence, widest at mid-length, moderately convex, with a faint groove along mid-line and with the following scaly markings of metallic yellow ochre, turquoise and light blue, round scales: a) thin band approximately 1/6 length of pronotum along anterior margin, b) thin transverse band at mid-length, sometimes interrupted at centre and c) lateroventral stripe before the coxa confluent with the anterior and median bands. Elytra subelliptical (LE/WE 1.37), slightly wider and twice longer than prothorax (WE/WP 1.25, LE/LP 1.6), subglabrous, striate-punctate, weakly convex, with very minute and sparse light-coloured pubescence. Elytra with the following scaly markings of yellow ochre and turquoise, round scales: a) basal transverse band from suture towards the lateral sides, b) median transverse band, c) subtriangular patch on apical third, d) thick band along lateral margin confluent with basal band, median band and triangular patch at apical third and e) faint stripe along suture. The elytral marks seem to create four squares on the dorsum of the elytra. Apex of elytra with erect bluish piliform scales and light-coloured hairs. Legs with strongly clavate femora. Femora dark ferruginous, but black towards apical half, covered with bluish recumbent piliform scales. Tibiae dark ferruginous, but black towards apex, covered with black piliform scales towards outer surface and black erect hairs on inner margin; serrate along inner margin. Fore and mid-tibiae bearing mucro at apex. Tarsomeres covered with pubescence dorsally. Coxae with light-coloured to greenish recumbent piliform scales. Mesoventrite with sparse and minute light-coloured hairs. Metaventrite with light-coloured suberect hairs and pale yellow to turquoise, round scales at lateral sides. Ventrite I faintly depressed on disc with light-coloured, suberect hairs and sparse light-coloured piliform scales towards sides. Ventrite II with short, light-coloured, suberect hairs and sparse light-coloured piliform scales towards sides. Ventrites III–IV with sparse, light-coloured, short hairs. Ventrite V flattened, apical half finely densely punctured with suberect hairs.
Female. Dimensions (in mm): N = 2. LB 9.0–9.3 (â: 9.2), LR 1.0–1.1 (â: 1.05), WR 1.2–1.4 (â: 1.3), LP 3.0–3.1 (â: 3.05), WP 3.0–3.1 (â: 3.05), LE 6.0–6.2 (â: 6.1), WE 4.0–4.2 (â: 4.1).
Females differ from males by the following characters: a) pronotum more convex, b) elytra obovate (LE/WE 1.47–1.62), longer and wider (WE/WP 1.33–1.35, LE/LP 2.0) than in males, c) apex of elytral declivity with tuft of bristles and e) ventrite I flattened or slightly convex on disc. Otherwise, females are similar to males.
The specific epithet
The new species is, so far, known only in the Province of Davao del Sur.
Habitus as shown in Fig.
Integument black. Body surface, rostrum, head and underside with weak lustre.
Body subglabrous. Head subglabrous, sparsely, very minutely pubescent; forehead between eyes slightly depressed and covered with metallic, light-yellow ochre, round scales; lateral parts with light-yellow ochre, round scales behind eye interspersed with metallic yellow-green, hairlike, elliptical scales; median groove distinct. Rostrum sparsely, minutely pubescent, slightly longer than wide (LR/WR 1.33), dorsum bearing minute, light-coloured recumbent hairs; lateral surface with metallic, yellow-green hair-like scales and long, light-coloured hairs towards anterolateral margin; transverse basal groove distinct; dorsal surface weakly convex with faint V-shaped ridge. Eyes medium-sized and moderately convex. Antenna moderately clavate, scape slightly shorter than funicle, moderately covered with fine, light-coloured hairs. Funicular antennomeres I and II almost of the same length, nearly three times longer than wide; antennomeres III–VII slightly longer than wide; club subovoid, nearly three times longer than wide. Prothorax subglobular, as long as wide (LP/WP 1.0), faintly punctured with sparse minute hairs, widest at mid-length, weakly convex and with the following scaly markings of metallic light yellow ochre and pale green, round scales: a) two medium-sized spots on basal parts, b) two medium-sized spots along apical margin and c) lateroventral stripe before the coxa. Elytra strongly ovate (LE/WE 1.6), wider and longer than prothorax (WE/WP 1.5, LE/LP 2.4), black, subglabrous, moderately convex, coarsely punctured. Each elytron with the following markings of metallic light-yellow ochre and pale green round scales: a) two sub-basal spots, b) three spots slightly before mid-length, c) three spots along apical third and d) one short apical stripe. Suture along apical declivity with light-coloured piliform scales becoming denser towards apex. Legs with strongly clavate femora. Femora covered with recumbent light-bluish hair-like scales. Tibiae covered with suberect, light-coloured bristles along inner margin and light-coloured recumbent hairs on outer margin; weakly serrate along inner edge. Fore tibiae bearing mucro at apex. Tarsomeres covered with pubescence dorsally. Coxae with light-coloured suberect hair-like scales. Mesoventrite covered with suberect light-coloured hairs. Metaventrite and ventrite I slightly depressed with light-coloured, adpressed bristles and light-yellow ochre, round scales at lateral sides. Ventrites II–V with light-coloured, adpressed bristles. Ventrite V flattened, smooth with dense, recumbent yellow-ochre hairlike-scales.
Female. Dimensions (in mm): N = 6. LB 7.6–8.5 (â: 8.2), LR 1.0–1.2 (â: 1.13), WR 0.8–1.0 (â: 0.93), LP 2.1–2.5 (â: 2.37), WP 2.4–2.8 (â: 2.67), LE 5.5–6.0 (â: 5.83), WE 4.0–4.2 (â: 4.13).
Females differ from males by the following characters: a) pronotum slightly shorter than wide in males (LP/WP 0.88–0.89), b) pronotum subtruncate, c) elytra longer and wider (LE/WE 1.38–1.43, WE/WP 1.5–1.67, LE/LP 2.4–2.62) than in males and with oblique faint ridge on dorsolateral surface before mid-length, d) presence of tuft of piliform scales on elytral declivity and e) elytral apex with triangular projection. Otherwise mentioned, females similar to males.
Etymology. Latin, flavus = yellow; maculata = spotted. The Latin name refers to the yellow spots on the elytra.
The new species is known, so far, in Davao City and Bukidnon.
Habitus as shown in Fig.
Integument black. Body surface, rostrum, head and underside with weak lustre.
Body subglabrous. Head subglabrous, sparsely, minutely pubescent; forehead between eyes flattish, covered with metallic, golden-yellow and round scales; median groove barely distinct; lateral parts behind eyes with golden-yellow and pale green round scales interspersed with hair-like scales of similar colours. Rostrum sparsely, minutely pubescent, slightly longer than wide (LR/WR 1.33), dorsum and lateral surface bearing minute, recumbent, yellowish hairlike-scales and anterolateral margin with longer, light-brown hairs; transverse basal groove distinct; basal half with pronounced V-shaped ridge beset with metallic golden-yellow, round scales. Eyes medium-sized and feebly convex. Antenna moderately covered with fine, light-coloured hairs. Funicular antennomeres I and II almost of the same length, nearly three times longer than wide. Prothorax subglobular, as long as wide (LP/WP 1.0), mostly punctured, coarsely rugose and punctured especially along middle of dorsum, weakly convex, with distinct mid-line groove. Pronotum with the following scaly markings of metallic golden-yellow and pale green, round scales: a) thin transverse band approximately one seventh of the length of pronotum at anterior margin, b) transverse band across entire width at mid-length slightly thicker than anterior band, nearly confluent with anterior band at middle of dorsum and c) lateroventral stripe before coxa, confluent with anterior and median bands. Elytra short ovate (LE/WE 1.46), wider and longer than prothorax (WE/WP 1.5, LE/LP 2.19), black, subglabrous, strongly convex; coarsely punctured with very minute and sparse light-coloured, short seta; slightly flattish on basal half of dorsum and with steep apical declivity. Elytra with eight longitudinal scaly stripes of metallic golden-yellow and pale green, round scales beginning shortly from anterior margin and extending towards apex and one longitudinal parasutural stripe from before mid-length towards apical declivity. Longitudinal stripe at striae II extending from anterior margin to apical declivity; stripe at striae II extending from anterior margin to apex of elytra, confluent with stripe at lateral margin; stripe at striae III–VII confluent at apical quarter. Base of apical declivity with brownish tuft of hairs on each elytron. Legs with strongly clavate femora. Femora covered with recumbent light-bluish hair-like scales. Tibiae covered with suberect, light-coloured bristles along inner margin and light coloured recumbent hairs on outer margin; weakly serrate along inner edge. Fore and mid-tibiae bearing mucro at apex. Tarsomeres covered with pubescence dorsally. Coxae with recumbent light-coloured hair-like scales. Mesoventrite covered with metallic and greenish, adpressed hair-like scales. Metaventrite slightly depressed on disc with subrecumbent hair-like scales and light-yellow ochre and pale green round scales at lateral sides. Ventrite I depressed on disc with light-coloured, adpressed hairs. Ventrites II–V with sparse, light-coloured, short hairs. Ventrite V flattened, finely densely punctured with short hairs.
Males unknown.
Etymology. The specific epithet pertains to its uncanny resemblance to
The type locality of
As for
We wish to express our gratitude to Dr. Guillermo P. Torres and Dr. Maria Linda Arquiza for their continuous support on our coleopterological research; the research team of the
A. Cabras and M.N. Medina both participated in providing logistics for the field expedition, acquisition of permits, collection of specimens, writing of manuscript, description of the new species and review of the final draft of the manuscript.
Male genitalia of
Male genitalia of
Geographical distribution map of
Mimicry of