Corresponding authors: Nataliya Kuznetsova (
Academic editor: Nina Filippova
The diversity of soil animals of relict forest ecosystems in East Asia continues to be insufficiently studied and almost not represented in international databases, including GBIF. This article is based on 7550 records of 175 species which were collected in Ussuriiskii, Sikhote-Alinskii and Kedrovaya Pad’ natural reserves of Russian Far East in 2016–2017. A multi-scale sampling design allowed us to estimate population densities and local species richness of
Within the framework of modern taxonomy, this work represents the first publication of lists of
Regular research of
We collected springtails in the region in the years 2016–2017. The data from 2016 was published (
The purpose of the paper is to present information on species composition and abundances of
The dataset (
The sampling was based on a multi-scale design to study the structure of biodiversity at different spatial scales (
The sampling plot “Turova” (Figs
The sampling plot “Grabovaya” (Fig.
The sampling plot “Kedrovaya” is in the Kedrovaya Pad’ natural reserve; it is a cedar pine–fir broadleaved forest on a slope (
The sampling plot “Pikhtovaya” is in the Kedrovaya Pad’ natural reserve; it is a valley fir and deciduous forest (
The sampling plot “Fauri” (Figs
The sampling plot “Kema” is nearby the Sikhote-Alinskii natural reserve, in the valley of Brusnichnaya River (tributory of the Kema); it is mixed forest (
The sampling plot “Chuguev” (Figs
The sampling plot “Anikin” is in the Ussuriyskii natural reserve, Suvorovskoye forest district, Anikinsky station, valley of Anikin River; it is valley broadleaf forest (
We used both modern taxonomic papers and keys (
Data on species were digitised, standardised according to the Darwin Core (
Primorskii Krai of the Russian Far East (Fig.
43.115 and 45.648 Latitude; 131.487 and 137.01 Longitude.
So far, the taxonomical knowledge of different families and genera of
Rank | Scientific Name | |
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Darwin Core Archive
UTF-8
Column label | Column description |
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eventID | An identifier for the event |
samplingProtocol | Sampling protocol (Tullgren funnels) |
sampleSizeValue | Size of the sampling core (8 cm2). |
sampleSizeUnit | The unit of measurement of the size sampling core (cm2) |
decimalLatitude | The geographic latitude in decimal degrees of the geographic centre of the data sampling place. |
decimalLongitude | The geographic longitude in decimal degrees of the geographic centre of the data sampling place. |
geodeticDatum | Spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude are based. |
coordinateUncertaintyInMetres | The maximum uncertainty distance in metres. |
coordinatePrecision | The fraction of a degree corresponding to the number of significant digits in the source coordinates. |
country | Country name (Russian Federation). |
countryCode | The standard code for the Russian Federation according to ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 (RU). |
stateProvince | Region name. The first level administrative division. |
locality | The specific description of the place. |
locationID | An identifier for the set of location information |
habitat | A description of the habitat in which the Event occurred |
verbatimEventDate | The verbatim original date of the Event occurred. |
year | The four-digit year of the Event occurred. |
month | The integer month of the Event occurred. |
day | The integer day of the month of the Event occurred. |
eventDate | Field data collection date (YYYY-MM-DD). |
institutionCode | The acronym of the Institute. |
institutionID | An identifier for the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record. |
basisOfRecord | Basis of the record (PreservedSpecimen). |
occurrenceID | An identifier for the record. |
identificationRemarks | Original identification. The |
scientificName | Scientific name. |
identificationQualifier | A brief phrase or a standard term ("cf.", "aff.") to express the determiner's doubts about the Identification. |
taxonRank | The taxonomic rank. |
kingdom | The full scientific name of the kingdom ( |
phylum | The full scientific name of the phylum. |
class | The full scientific name of the class. |
identifiedBy | List of persons, who identified collected |
identificationReferences | DOI of refererences used in the identification. Used for taxa, which did not match the GBIF Backbone. |
lifeStage | The life stage of individuals. Here it is used for juvenile individuals indicated. |
individualCount | The number of individuals represented in the core. |
occurrenceStatus | A statement about the presence or absence of a Taxon at a Location. |
language | A language of the resource (EN). |
In total, in the relict forests of the Far East, we found the highest diversity of Сollembola that has ever been observed in the ecosystems of the temperate zone and possibly the world: up to 90 species per area 10 x 10 m (sampling plot). The species saturation reaches 30 species on an area of 8 square centimetres (one core) and can exceed 60 species on 1 square metre (Fig.
The study was funded by the Russian Fund for Basic Research, project 16-04-01228-а. The authors are grateful to Anatoly Babenko for the taxonomical analysis of the part of the material, to Svetlana Bondarchuk for the botanical consultations and to Anna
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Plastic containers
One plastic container with a core
Above-soil cover in broad-leaf – cedar pine forest in Ussuriiskii natural reserve (plot “Turova”), photo by N. Kuznetsova.
Above-soil cover in broad-leaf – cedar pine forest in Ussuriiskii natural reserve (plot “Turova”), photo by N. Kuznetsova.
Mountain fir–hornbeam forest in Ussuriiskii natural reserve (plot “Grabovaya”), photo by N. Kuznetsova.
Above-soil cover in mountain coniferous forest with
Mountain coniferous forest with
Valley mixed forest (plot “Chuguev”), photo by A. Geras'kina.
Litter in plot “Chuguev”, photo by A. Geras'kina.
Geographic coverage. Study areas in the Primorskii Kraii (
Number of