Corresponding author: Dmitriy A. Philippov (
Academic editor: Nina Filippova
The data paper contains the authors’ materials on the diversity of macrophytes, macroscopic plants regardless of their taxonomic position, in rivers and streams of East European Russia and Western Siberia. These data, collected on 247 rivers and 32 streams in 13 administrative regions of the Russian Federation, were provided as an occurrence dataset presented in the form of GBIF-mediated data. The main portion of the data was obtained in water objects of the Vologda Region (5201 occurrences). In addition, occurrences from the Arkhangelsk Region (347 occurrences), Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (159), Yaroslavl Region (132), Novgorod Region (97), Kostroma Region (41), Republic of Karelia (31), Sverdlovsk Region (29), Komi Republic (28), Orenburg Region (26), Chelyabinsk Region (22), Voronezh Region (22) and Tyumen Region (18) were given. The studies were carried out mainly in the southern and middle taiga and, to a lesser extent, in the northern taiga and the forest-steppe. The analysed watercourses belong to five drainage basins: the Azov Sea, the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Kara Sea. The dataset contains materials on the diversity of
The paper summarises the data obtained in long-term studies of phytodiversity in a range of rivers and streams of East European Russia and, fragmentarily, Western Siberia. A total of 6153 occurrences were included in the dataset. According to the GBIF taxonomic backbone, the dataset comprises 292 taxa, including 280 lower-rank taxa (species, subspecies, varieties) and 12 taxa identified to the genus level. All the occurrences are published openly through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) for the first time. Most of the data were stored in field diaries and, thus, by adding the data in GBIF, we believe that other researchers could benefit from it.
Macrophytes are an essential component of lotic ecosystems, especially in terms of biodiversity (
The study summarises the authors’ materials collected in the rivers of the European part of Russia between 2005 and 2021 and Western Siberia in 2021. A small part (5.5%) of the data was published in the research articles (
All the raw data on the biodiversity in rivers and streams are provided in an occurrence dataset (
Diversity, distribution, ecology, biology of aquatic and semi-aquatic plants in the European North
Dmitriy A. Philippov
A list of records of macrophytes in rivers and streams of European Russia and Western Siberia is presented. By macrophytes, we understood macroscopic plants, regardless of their taxonomic position and ecological characteristics. Macrophytes include vascular plants, mosses, liverworts and large multicellular algae (
Field studies were carried out from May to October, mainly during the greatest development of macrophytes (July and August). The composition of the flora of rivers and streams was established during route field studies. We studied all available microhabitats in the channel and coastal parts of water bodies, including those differing in current velocity, sediments, depths and macrophyte canopy development. When studying streams, the route, as a rule, ranged from 50 to 150 m; on rivers, usually from 100 to 1000 m. In the Vologda Region, studies were carried out in all landscapes; several objects per type of landscape were selected depending on the density of the river network. In other regions, studies were carried out along with the study of other wetland ecosystems. In all studied regions, one route per water object was made. In the field, photographs of plants and their communities were taken, floristic lists were compiled and the main hydrochemical parameters were measured (water temperature, pH and TDS). The studies of the macrophyte community composition were conducted both purposefully and along with the studies of other groups of aquatic organisms. Macrophyte samples were collected; they are currently stored and being registered in the Herbaria of Mire Research Group, Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences (coded MIRE) and Vologda State University (coded VO). More than 1000 macrophyte specimens were collected in total.
The data were collected and identified by scientists from the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences (IBIW RAS). The accuracy of determination of some samples was confirmed by experts from the Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Institute of Biology of Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Research problem formulation.
Logistic issues resolution, including the choice of routes, water objects, time and duration of work.
Field stage: obtaining samples and other original materials on the flora of rivers and streams. In the field, pictures of plants and floristic lists were taken, some species were collected in a herbarium; several hydrochemical parameters (water temperature, total dissolved solids, pH and electrical conductivity) were measured using portable devices (
Data collection: analysis of samples not identified in the field or verification of the identification data by the experts. The keys by
Records list compilation. The dataset field names were chosen according to Darwin Core (
The studies were carried out in various parts of European Russian and Western Siberia, mainly in the southern and middle taiga and a lesser number in the northern taiga and the forest-steppe. The analysed watercourses belong to five drainage basins: the Azov Sea, the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Kara Sea. The coordinates of the northernmost site were 64.5729N, 43.2959E, the southernmost site 51.8139 N, 39.3836 E, the westernmost site 58.4353N, 33.2828E and the easternmost site 60.8691N, 76.4263E (Fig.
Some examples of the studied rivers are given below (Figs
51.814 and 64.573 Latitude; 33.283 and 76.426 Longitude.
The dataset contains 292 taxa of
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2005 to 2021
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 Licence.
Data on macrophyte diversity in rivers and streams of the Vologda Region and several other regions of Russia.
1
Data on macrophyte diversity in rivers and streams of the Vologda Region and several other regions of Russia.
Darwin Core
Occurrence dataset
1.1
The dataset contains the authors’ materials on macrophyte diversity (macroscopic plants regardless of their taxonomic position) in rivers and streams of East European Russia and Western Siberia. Overall, the dataset contains materials on
Column label | Column description |
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occurrenceID | An identifier for the record, unique within this dataset. An abbreviation in the identifier' number (MiReGr_RiverPhytoDiv_xxxxx). |
basisOfRecord | The specific nature of the data record in standard label of one of the Darwin Core. A constant ("HumanObservation"). |
scientificName | The full scientific name, with authorship and date information, if known. |
eventDate | The date when the occurrence was recorded. |
taxonRank | The taxonomic rank. |
kingdom | The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified. |
phylum | The full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the taxon is classified. |
class | The full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified. |
order | The full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified. |
family | The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified. |
genus | The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified. |
habitat | A category or description of the habitat in which the occurrence was recorded (river or stream). |
decimalLatitude | The geographic latitude in decimal degrees of the geographic centre of the data sampling place. |
decimalLongitude | The geographic longitude in decimal degrees of the geographic centre of the data sampling place. |
geodeticDatum | The ellipsoid, geodetic datum or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude are based. A constant ("WGS84"). |
coordinateUncertaintyInMetres | The maximum uncertainty distance in metres (30-500 m range). |
coordinatePrecision | A decimal representation of the precision of the coordinates given in the decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude. A constant ("0.0001"). |
countryCode | The standard code for the Russian Federation according to ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 (RU). |
country | Country name (Russian Federation). |
stateProvince | The name of the next smaller administrative region than country ("oblast", "avtonomniy okrug", "respublica", "kray", "region") in which the location occurs. A variable (for example, "Vologda Region"). |
county | District (‘rayon’, in Russian administrative subdivision system) name. The second-level administrative division. |
locality | The specific description of the place. This term may contain information modified from the original to correct perceived errors or standardise the description. A variable (names of rivers or springs). |
year | The four-digit year in which the Event occurred, according to the Common Era Calendar. |
month | The integer month in which the Event occurred. |
day | The integer day of the month on which the Event occurred. |
recordedBy | List of persons who collected field data. |
identifiedBy | A person who assigned the Taxon to the subject. |
dateIdentified | The date when the taxonomic identification happened. |
associatedReferences | List of literature references associated with the occurrences (articles). |
acceptedNameUsage | The full name, with authorship and date information, if known, of accepted taxon. |
taxonomicStatus | The taxonomic status of a taxon. A variable (accepted or synonym). |
The data were collected on 247 rivers and 32 streams of East European Russia and Western Siberia and included 6153 occurrences of macrophytes (280 lower-rank taxa and 12 taxa identified to the genus level).
These studies have been conducted since 2005. From 8 to 1404 occurrences were registered each year (Fig.
The studies were conducted in 13 administrative regions of Russia (Table
On average, 22 ± 1.4 occurrences (from 1 to 176) came from each given water object. Almost half of all occurrences (48.9%) were registered on 50 rivers (Table
The studies have provided data on the locations of a number of rare macrophyte species. For example, in the Vologda Region, 32 species listed in the Red Data Book of the Vologda Region (
We are grateful to our colleagues who took part in the field studies, especially Vasiliy A. Philippov. We also thank the colleagues who helped with the taxonomic identification of some specimens, especially A.A. Bobrov and V.S. Vishnyakov (IBIW RAS, Borok), M.A. Boychuk (IB KarRC RAS, Petrozavodsk), M.V. Dulin (IB Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar) and A.N. Levashov (Center of Creativity, Vologda). We are grateful to Igor V. Filonenko (VNIRO, Vologda) for his help with construction of a map. We express our deep gratitude to Natalya Ivanova (Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS, Pushchino) for her help with the dataset publication and editing.
This research was funded by the Tyumen Oblast Government, as part of the West-Siberian Interregional Science and Education Center’s project No. 89-DON (2) and was carried out within the framework of a State Assignment to IBIW RAS no. 121051100099-5.
We thank the Global Biodiversity Information Facility in collaboration with the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility and Pensoft Publishers for providing the opportunity to publish this paper in the "Biota of Russia" collection.
DAP: Conceptualisation, Investigation, Resources, Data Curation, Writing – Original Draft, Writing – Review & Editing, Project administration; ASK: Investigation, Formal analysis, Visualisation, Writing – Original Draft.
Study area and occurrences localities (red circles). The map was constructed using ArcGis 10 software.
Ileksa River passing through the eutrophic mire (Vologda Region, Russia). Photo by Dmitriy A. Philippov (2019).
Vaga River flowing in upland (Vologda Region, Russia). Photo by Dmitriy A. Philippov (2021).
Salmysh River flowing in the forest-steppe (Orenburg Region, Russia). Photo by Dmitriy A. Philippov (2021).
Тura River flowing in the West Siberian Plain (Tyumen Region, Russia). Photo by Dmitriy A. Philippov (2021).
Ob River in Surgut City (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia). Photo by Dmitriy A. Philippov (2021).
Distribution of macrophyte occurrences in rivers and streams from 2005 to 2021.
Number of occurrences and taxa of macrophytes in rivers and streams in the studied regions.
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Arkhangelsk Region | 30 | 347 | 116 |
Chelyabinsk Region | 1 | 22 | 22 |
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug | 5 | 159 | 53 |
Komi Republic | 3 | 28 | 14 |
Kostroma Region | 1 | 41 | 30 |
Novgorod Region | 7 | 97 | 50 |
Orenburg Region | 3 | 26 | 23 |
Republic of Karelia | 7 | 31 | 15 |
Sverdlovsk Region | 7 | 29 | 29 |
Tyumen Region | 2 | 18 | 17 |
Vologda Region | 216 | 5201 | 266 |
Voronezh Region | 1 | 22 | 22 |
Yaroslavl Region | 4 | 132 | 61 |
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Top 50 rivers by the number of macrophyte occurrences amongst the 279 studied rivers and streams of Russia.
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Syamzhena River | Vologda Region | 176 |
Kostyuga-1 River | Vologda Region | 138 |
Indomanka River | Vologda Region | 119 |
Vologda River | Vologda Region | 118 |
Kema River | Vologda Region | 110 |
Ob River | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug | 108 |
Svid' River | Arkhangelsk Region | 99 |
Soyda River | Vologda Region | 95 |
Andoma River | Vologda Region | 88 |
Vozhega River | Vologda Region | 88 |
Vaga River | Vologda Region | 76 |
Il'd River | Yaroslavl Region | 74 |
Bol'shoy Pungul River | Vologda Region | 72 |
Ileksa River | Vologda Region | 67 |
Uftyuga River (= tarnogskaya Uftyuga River) | Vologda Region | 67 |
Ukhtomka River | Vologda Region | 67 |
Votcha River | Vologda Region | 63 |
Iksoma River | Vologda Region | 57 |
Nyuksha River | Vologda Region | 55 |
Tagazhma River | Vologda Region | 54 |
Palaya River | Vologda Region | 53 |
Sora River | Vologda Region | 53 |
Koloshma River | Vologda Region | 50 |
Uftyuga River (= nyuksenskaya Uftyuga River) | Vologda Region | 50 |
Chernyy Shingar' River | Vologda Region | 49 |
Kubena River | Vologda Region | 49 |
Bol'shaya Salanga River | Vologda Region | 47 |
Povreka River | Vologda Region | 45 |
Il'chuga River | Vologda Region | 44 |
Kokshen'ga River | Vologda Region | 42 |
Kikht' River | Vologda Region | 42 |
Komyola River | Vologda Region | 41 |
Uskala River | Vologda Region | 41 |
Vocha River | Kostroma Region | 41 |
Pes'ya Den'ga River | Vologda Region | 40 |
Strel'na River | Vologda Region | 40 |
Sheybukhta River | Vologda Region | 38 |
Pinega River | Arkhangelsk Region | 37 |
Pocha River | Vologda Region | 37 |
Megra River | Vologda Region | 36 |
Ukhtomitsa River (= kirillovskaya Ukhtomitsa River) | Vologda Region | 36 |
Bol'shaya Runga River | Vologda Region | 35 |
Chuzhga River | Vologda Region | 35 |
Kiuy River | Vologda Region | 35 |
Okhotka River | Vologda Region | 35 |
Nerel' River | Yaroslavl Region | 34 |
Suda River | Vologda Region | 34 |
Chundruchey River | Vologda Region | 33 |
Kovzha River | Vologda Region | 33 |
Yema River | Vologda Region | 33 |
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