Two new species of the genus Anufrievia Dworakowska (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from karst region of southwest China

Abstract Background The leafhopper genus Anufrievia was established by Dworakowska with A.rolikae Dworakowska as its type species. They are widely distributed in China, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Nepal, India, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam. New information Two new species, A.ventricosa sp. nov. and A.unianxialis sp. nov., found in the karst area of Guanling and Shibing City, Guizhou Province, China are described and illustrated. The key to the identification of the specie of this genus is given.


Introduction
The leafhopper genus Anufrievia belongs to the tribe Erythroneurini of Typhlocybinae and previously contained 35 species, including 27 species in China (Cao et al. 2018, Tan et al. 2021. In this study, two new species from the karst area of Guizhou Province, China are described and illustrated. The key to the identification of the specie of this genus is given.
Anufrievia Dworakowska, 1970Anufrievia Dworakowska 1970Chiang and Knight 1990: 195 Type species: Anufrievia rolikae Dworakowska 1970 Main characteristics of genus Anufrievia were described as follows. Body brown or yellow. Head slightly narrower than pronotum. Length of crown obviously shorter than inter-ocular width. Vertex moderately produced medially; anterior margin usually with small paired dark spots, sometimes absent. Pronotum broad, with anterior margin convex and posterior margin slightly concave. Scutellum with dark lateral triangles. Face without black spots anterodorsad of antennal pits. Anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face or brown or black. Forewing with 4 apical cell small, not reaching apex of forewing, 2nd apical cell nearly rectangular and 1st apical cell broad. Hind-wing apex broadly rounded. Hind-wings' venation follows typical schemes for Erythroneurini taxa. Abdominal apodemes short, extended dorsomesad.
Male pygofer lobe with hind margin sleeked or truncated slightly, cephalo-ventral angle usually with macrosetae, sometimes absent and scattered with a few fine setae in outer lateral surface. Pygofer dorsal appendage movably articulated to pygofer lobe with ventral appendage absent. Subgenital plate broad basally, tapering to middle, subparallel-sided from middle to apex and rounded apically; with some macrosetae in mid-ventral part; row of stout setae along upper margin almost from subbase to apex. Style with shape of apex various, bifid, foot-shaped or otherwise modified. Aedeagus with aedeagal shaft tubular; gonopore sub-basal to subapical on ventral surface; with or without well-developed preatrial processes, dorsal apodeme well developed. Connective lateral arms long Y-or Vshaped.

Materials and methods
The specimen was collected by the sweeping-net method. Morphological terminology used follows Dietrich (2005) and Dworakowska (1993). An Olympus SZX16 dissecting microscope was used for observing and an Olympus BX53 stereomicroscope for drawing. A KEYENCE VHX-5000 digital microscope was used for taking habitus photos. Body th measurements are measured from the apex of the vertex to the tip of the forewing. Male specimens were selected under a stereoscope, the entire abdomen of the specimens was removed and soaked in 10% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution or 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution for 15-20 hours. After that, the abdomen was rinsed with clean water, drained of the excess water with qualitative filter paper and transferred to a clean glass dripping with glycerine. All specimens examined were deposited in the collection of the School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Guizhou Karst Mountain Ecology Environment of China, Guiyang, China.

Male genitalia
Pygofer lobe broad, with five macroseta at cephalo-ventral angle of lobe and one macroseta at junction area with anal tube ( Fig. 2A). Pygofer dorsal appendage broad at base, tapering towards apex. Subgenital plate slightly concave near middle area, with two macrosetae on outer surface (Fig. 2B). Style with two points at apex; pre-apical lobe small (Fig. 2C). Aedeagus with shaft almost straight and flat in lateral view, pair of long processes arising from base of shaft, surpassing gonopore; gonopore reaching 3/4 height of aedeagal shaft, on ventral surface; dorsal apodeme well developed (Fig. 2 D and G). Connective Y-shaped, two lateral arms long and central lobe large; stem well developed (Fig. 2F).

Etymology
The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word "ventricosus", referring to the connective central lobe well developed.

Taxon discussion
This species is similar to A. confluensa Tan, Jiang & Song, 2021 with similar shape of style and aedeagus, but can be distinguished by the five macrosetae at cephalo-ventral angle of lobe and one macroseta at junction area with anal tube; the aedeagus with pair of long processes arising from base of shaft and the connective central lobe well developed.

Male genitalia
Subgenital plate slightly concave near middle area, with three macrosetae on outer surface (Fig. 4A). Style with two points at apex; pre-apical lobe obvious (Fig. 4B). Aedeagal shaft almost straight and flat in lateral view, without any process; gonopore large, reaching 1/2 height of aedeagal shaft; dorsal apodeme small and pre-atrium well developed, as long as shaft ( Fig. 4D and G). Connective M-shaped, two lateral arms long, central lobe small (Fig. 4F).

Etymology
The new species is named from the Latin word "unianxialis", referring to the aedeagal shaft without serrated marginal lamellae apically.

Taxon discussion
This species is similar to A. crispata Tan, Jiang & Song, 2021, but can be distinguished by the aedeagal shaft without serrated marginal lamellae; without pair of small processes curved mesally under the gonopore and the connective with distinct central lobe.