Corresponding author: Tao Li (
Academic editor: Anu Veijalainen
A key to the East Palaearctic and northern Oriental species of
The genus
The recorded hosts of
Mature larvae of a bagworm moth,
For the morphological terminology used in this paper see
The specimens and hosts are deposited in the Insect Museum, General Station of Forest Pest Management (GSFPM), State Forestry Administration, Shenyang, P. R. China, and Naturalis Biodiversity Center (RMNH), Leiden, the Netherlands.
Setose part of ovipositor sheath about 0.7 × as long as hind tibia (its total length about 1.3 × tibia); clypeus and mesoscutum medially yellowish, with face and mesoscutum laterally dark brown; propodeum with closed, parallel-sided and laterally lamelliform areola, sculptured medio-posteriorly, without semicircular smooth and shiny convex area; notauli present posteriorly (Fig.
NW China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; Qinghai (new record for China); Far East Russia.
Reared from the larvae of
1 | Vein 3-SR of fore wing 1.6–1.8 × longer than vein r-m and 1.2–1.3 × as long as vein 2-SR; hypoclypeal depression wide elliptical and about 0.8 × minimum width of face; hind femur 3.3–3.6 × as long as wide | |
– | Vein 3-SR of fore wing 2.3–3.0 × longer than vein r-m and 1.4–1.7× as long as vein 2-SR; hypoclypeal depression semicircular and 0.4–0.7 × minimum width of face; hind femur 4.3–5.5 × as long as wide | 2 |
2 | Clypeus close to eyes, distance between anterior tentorial pit and eye about equal to width of tentorial pit; head distinctly transverse in dorsal view; hypoclypeal depression 0.7 × as wide as face; malar space 0.2–0.3 × basal width of mandible; eye in dorsal view about 4.0 × as long as temple; OOL 0.5–0.8 × diameter of posterior ocellus | |
– | Clypeus distinctly removed from eyes, distance between anterior tentorial pit and eye at least 3.0 × width of tentorial pit; head trapezoid in dorsal view; hypoclypeal depression 0.4–0.6 × as wide as face; malar space 0.4–0.7 × basal width of mandible; eye in dorsal view 1.6–3.8 × as long as temple; if more than 3.0 × then OOL about twice diameter of posterior ocellus | 3 |
3 | Pronotum with pair of slightly converging carinae submedially; dorsal part of propodeum of male densely granulate; [ovipositor sheath slightly longer than first tergite; notauli crenulate anteriorly] | |
– | Pronotum without pair of submedial carinae or nearly so, but distinctly converging carinae may be present sublaterally; propodeum at least partly smooth | 4 |
4 | Propodeum with distinct semicircular smooth and strongly shiny convex area medio-posteriorly; pronotum comparatively large and wide anteriorly; notauli absent posteriorly, only anteriorly narrowly impressed; mesoscutum smooth medio-posteriorly or sculptured; vein M+CU of hind wing 0.6–0.8 × vein 1-M; |
5 |
– | Propodeum sculptured medio-posteriorly, without semicircular smooth and shiny convex area (Fig. |
8 |
5 | Dorsal margin of clypeus near lower level of eyes; eye in dorsal view about twice as long as temple |
|
– | Dorsal margin of clypeus distinctly above lower level of eyes; eye in dorsal view 1.8–3.8 × as long as temple, |
6 |
6 | Occipital carina with fringe of long curved setae (Fig. |
|
– | Occipital carina without fringe of long setae; length of eye in dorsal view 3.5–3.8 × temple; propleuron yellowish anteriorly, hardly or not contrasting with most of pronotum (Fig. |
7 |
7 | Notauli smooth anteriorly or nearly so; face brownish-yellow and smooth laterally; medio-dorsally pronotum dark brown or infuscate and weakly contrasting with dark brown or black mesoscutum; [mesoscutum smooth medio-posteriorly; eyes oval (Fig. |
|
– | Notauli crenulate anteriorly; face black or mainly dark brown and usually laterally micro-sculptured; medio-dorsally pronotum striking yellow and strongly contrasting with black mesoscutum; [temples directly narrowed in dorsal view; shallow pronope present] | |
8 | Setose part of ovipositor sheath 0.2–0.3 × as long as hind tibia (total length 0.4–0.5 × tibia) and 1.0–1.3 × as long as first tergite; [clypeus, face and mesoscutum entirely brownish yellow or dark brown] | 9 |
– | Setose part of ovipositor sheath 0.6–0.7 × as long as hind tibia (total length up to 1.3 × tibia) and 2.0–3.0 × as long as first tergite | 12 |
9 | Stemmaticum minute, width of frons about 3.5 × width of stemmaticum; middle lobe of mesoscutum glabrous; [head strongly narrowed behind eyes and subglobular] | |
– | Stemmaticum medium-sized, width of frons about 2.5 × width of stemmaticum; middle lobe of mesoscutum setose; head roundly narrowed behind eyes | 10 |
10 | Vein r of fore wing strongly oblique, distal angle with pterostigma about 60º; marginal cell of fore wing about 4.0 × as long as its maximum width; Oriental | |
– | Vein r of fore wing moderately oblique, distal angle with pterostigma nearly 90º (Fig. |
11 |
11 | Clypeus, face, pronotum anteriorly and mesoscutum brownish yellow; lateral carinae of propodeal areola parallel-sided and areola closed anteriorly; notauli moderately wide and distinctly crenulate; first tergite largely smooth; pterostigma yellow | |
– | Clypeus, face, pronotum anteriorly and mesoscutum black or blackish; lateral carinae of propodeal areola diverging anteriorly and areola open anteriorly; notauli narrow and finely crenulate anteriorly; first tergite largely sculptured; pterostigma largely rather dark brown; [middle lobe of mesoscutum with shallow median groove, glabrous and strongly shiny; malar space 0.2 × as long as height of eye] | |
12 | Mesoscutum finely granulate; medially ventral rim of clypeus far below lower level of eyes | |
– | Mesoscutum (except some rugosity medio-posteriorly) smooth (Fig. |
The authors are deeply grateful to Drs. Anu Veijalainen (subject editor), Michael Sharkey (Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, USA), Julia Stigenberg (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden) and one anonymous referee for valuable comments and suggestions. We are also indebted to Prof. Hou-Hun Li (Nankai University, Tianjin, China) for identifying the hosts. This research was supported by the “Twelfth Five-year” National Science and Technology Support Program of China (Grant No. 2012BAD19B0701) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No. 31070585, No. 31310103033).
Head, anterior view
Head, dorsal view
Mesosoma, dorsal view
Metasoma, dorsal view
Mesosoma, lateral view
Hind tibia and tarsus, lateral view
Fore wing
Hind wing