Corresponding author: Milton H. Díaz-Toribio (
Academic editor: Emmanuele Farris
Currently, at the global level, human food is mainly based on a few crops extensively cultivated as monocultures. Climate change, changes in land to agriculture and cattle raising, as well as the scarcity of water all affect and reduce the possibility of cultivating alternative crops. One way to face this global problem is to promote the knowledge, production and consumption of native food species on a regional scale.
For this study, two databases were constructed for the Gulf of Mexico Province: 1) edible plant species with their corresponding common name, category of use, plant organ(s) utilised as food and type of management; 2) distribution records of these edible species. These species, in addition to being part of the biological diversity of Mexico are of high nutritional, cultural and gastronomical value and have been present in the diet of the inhabitants and ethnic groups in the region since pre-Hispanic times.
This study presents the native edible plants of the Gulf of Mexico Province, an area inhabited by 15 ethnic groups. The main novelty of this contribution is the edible plant species database, which includes the records of 482 species that belong to 101 families and 268 genera. We also present information rarely reported in an ethnobotanical inventory: 1) category of food use, 2) category of plant organ used, 3) common name, 4) type of management and 5) the georeferenced distribution of species occurrence in the Gulf of Mexico Province.
It is estimated that, of the 374,000 plant species recorded in the planet (
Over 15% of the plants consumed as food in the world originated in Mexico (
The biocultural diversity that characterises Mexico is clearly represented across the territory, particularly in the biogeographical province of the Gulf of Mexico where the diverse communities of 15 ethnic groups (Ayapanecos, Chinantecos, Choles, Chontales, Huastecos, Mazatecos, Nahuas, Olutecos, Otomies, Sayultecos, Tepehuas, Tzeltales, Texistepequeños, Totonacas and Zoques) inhabit in an area of 17,350 km2, from the State of Tamaulipas in the north to the States of Veracruz and Tabasco in the south (
Many studies on the native edible plants of Mexico have focused on the Maya of the Yucatan Peninsula (
This contribution provides information on the native plants that are used in food preparation in the Gulf of Mexico Province. These species, in addition to representing a biological resource, are of great historical and cultural value in the gastronomy of 15 ethnic groups and the rural and urban inhabitants of the Gulf of Mexico region. The data are expected to increase awareness about the immense potential that wild edible plants offer as a food resource and to promote the conservation of the species that grow in areas under strong anthropogenic pressure.
According to biogeographic studies, the Province of the Gulf of Mexico, located in the Neotropical Region, extends as a continuous strip along the coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico, covering the States of Veracruz and Tabasco and the southern part of the State of Tamaulipas that borders the Tropic of Cancer (
Data were obtained from fieldwork carried out for a project on the edible plants of the Francisco Javier Clavijero Botanical Garden, by consulting the specimen database of the XAL Herbarium of the Instituto de Ecología A.C. and the biodiversity database of the National Biodiversity Commission (CONABIO), as well as an exhaustive literature search of ethnobotanical, agronomic, ethnographical and floristic studies. With these data, we compiled a checklist of the food plant species for the three States within the Gulf of Mexico Province: Tabasco, Tamaulipas and Veracruz. In the supplementary files (Suppl. material
For this study, we only recorded species native to the Gulf of Mexico Province; introduced plants were not considered. Based on
species eaten raw or after some preparation process, such as cooking, food colourants, drinks, etc., species added to food as seasoning due to their pleasant taste or aromatic qualities or flavouring properties, species used as packaging to wrap or contain food (solid and/or liquid) for cooking, transportation and/or tasting and a multipurpose category assigned to species reported in more than one category (edible, seasoning and packaging).
For instance,
Nine edible plant organs were identified: 1) roots or bulbs, 2) stem, 3) bark, 4) wood or trunk, 5) leaves, 6) flowers, 7) fruits, 8) seeds, 9) resin/latex and 10) multipurpose, a category assigned to species for which more than one organ is utilised as food. For instance, in
gathered directly from their ecosystems, incipient management in which plants are tolerated or even promoted and cultivated locally in orchards or home gardens.
The Province of the Gulf of Mexico is located in the Neotropical Region, it extends from sea level to 3,500 m above sea level and is a continuous strip along the coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico from the States of Tabasco and Veracruz in the south to the southern portion of the State of Tamaulipas in the north of Mexico (Fig.
17.143085 and 27.682536 Latitude; -100.142119 and -17.256033 Longitude.
The classification of families and orders follows
Creative Commons Public Domain Waiver (CC-Zero)
Data package of Edible native plants of the Gulf of Mexico Province.
2
Categories of use, plant organ utilised and management of native edible plants of the Gulf of Mexico.
Database with information about categories of use, plant organ utilised and categories of management of native edible plants of the Gulf of Mexico Province. Available as Suppl. material
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
Family | Scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified. |
Species | Full scientific name of the taxon. |
Category of use (Edibles) | use = 1, not used = 0. |
Category of use (Seasonings) | use = 1, not used = 0. |
Category of use (Packaging) | use = 1, not used = 0. |
Category of use (Multipurpose by category of use) | use = 1, not used = 0. |
Plant organ utilised (Root or bulb) | use = 1, not used = 0. |
Plant organ utilised (Stem) | use = 1, not used = 0. |
Plant organ utilised (Bark) | use = 1, not used = 0. |
Plant organ utilised (Wood or trunk) | use = 1, not used = 0. |
Plant organ utilised (Leaf) | use = 1, not used = 0. |
Plant organ utilised (Flower) | use = 1, not used = 0. |
Plant organ utilised (Fruits) | use = 1, not used = 0. |
Plant organ utilised (Seed) | use = 1, not used = 0. |
Plant organ utilised (Resin or latex) | use = 1, not used = 0. |
Plant organ utilised (Multipurpose by plant organ used) | use = 1, not used = 0. |
No data of plant organ used | Out data = 1, with data = 0. |
Management | category or categories of management. |
Geographical coordinates of edible native plants of the Gulf of Mexico Province
Geographical coordinates of edible native plants distributed in the Gulf of Mexico Province. Available as Suppl. material
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
Family | The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified. |
Genus | The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified. |
Species | The scientific name of the specie. |
Decimal Lat | Geographical coordinates in decimal (latitude). |
Decimal Lon | Geographical coordinates in decimal (longitude). |
gbifID | Reference number of gbif database. |
The authors are grateful for the support of Carlos Aldair Zárate during the fieldwork, Guadalupe Amancio and Claudia Navarro in compiling the databases. This study is part of the activities carried out by E.M.P-M. during her postdoctoral research and was funded by CONACYT as part of project #305103: Un Jardín Etnobiológico: Ampliando los Horizontes del Jardín Botánico Francisco Javier Clavijero en Xalapa, Veracruz. We thank Bianca Delfosse for revising our English.
E.M.P-M, V.S. and M.H.D-T. conceived the study; E.M.P-M. collected and identified specimens, E.M.P-M. designed and built the database, D.A. contributed with the geographical coordinates database and maps. E.M.P-M. and V.S wrote the paper. All the authors commented and approved the manuscript.
Map showing the location of the Gulf of Mexico Province and the distribution of the occurrence records of edible native species of the four most diverse families. The map is based on herbarium and GBIF data.
Diversity of the native food species of the Gulf of Mexico Province, classified by family (
Categories of use (
Management categories for the native edible plants of the Gulf of Mexico Province.
Table 1. Alphabetic arrangement by family and species and common names of native edible plants of the Gulf of Mexico Province. The families correspond to those proposed by APG IV (2016).
Famillia | Scientific name | Common name |
|
añil de piedra, flor de azulillo, hierba púrpura, hierba tinta, muicle, sangre de cristo | |
|
ixtlahuatl, moco blanco, moquillo, pipicho | |
|
sauco, saúco, sauco colorado, sauco extranjero, sauco rojo, xómetl | |
|
quelite blanco, tsaw juki (Totonaco) | |
|
quelite, quelite morado, quintonil | |
|
quelite quintonil, tsaw (Totonaco) | |
|
quelite blanco, quintonil | |
|
quelite blanco, quintonil | |
|
epazote morado | |
|
huazontle | |
|
epazote, Ihkgna (Totonaco) | |
|
cebolla de monte, cebolleja | |
|
cebollín, cebollina blanca, chunacate | |
|
lentisco | |
|
agrito | |
|
agrito, correosa | |
|
agrito | |
|
lantrisco | |
|
ciruela, jamsinpichcuy (Núntaha’yi), jobo, xípa (Totonaco) | |
|
ciruela criolla, ciruela roja, ciruelo, skgatán, tuxpana | |
|
bienvenido, cacao, caobilla, jobo, nompi | |
|
anona, anona blanca, anona de corcho | |
|
anona del monte, chirimolla, chirimoyito, anonasilvestre, ashiwitmusni (Totonaco), guanabanilla | |
|
guanábana, guanábano | |
|
cabeza de negro, ilama, ilana, chincua, chincuya, soncuaya, zapote ilama | |
|
akxitkiwi (Totonaco), anona, anona colorada, anona morada, anona roja, anonillo, anono, chirimoya, corazón de buey, ilama, morada, yati (Núntaha’yi) | |
|
ND | |
|
chirimuya | |
|
anona blanca, surumuya | |
|
nazareno prieto | |
|
chirimoya, akxitkiwi (Totonaco), chirimoyo, anona, anona montaña | |
|
culantrillo | |
|
cilantro cimarrón, cilantro de espina, cilantroespinudo, extranjero, huitzcolanto, perejil, perejil criollo, strankgeyu (Totonaco) | |
|
tlayote | |
|
cahuayote, chompipe, chupipe, chupipi, papullo, talayote, uyk | |
|
talayote | |
|
talayote | |
|
cacalosúchil, cacalote, cacaloxochitl, floramarilla, flor de corpus, flor de cuervo, flor de mayo, flor de la Santa Cruz, flor de templo, gagaloxuchit, jacalos chil, kakaloxochitl, pu’uchmooya, súchel, súchil, xanath spiritu | |
|
cojón de gato | |
|
ND | |
|
mahuira | |
|
panizbatl, tisbatl | |
|
ND | |
|
piñanona | |
|
ND | |
|
ND | |
|
ND | |
|
ND | |
|
ND | |
|
flor chile de gato, flor de gato, flor de San Lorenzo, oloxochitl, súchil, tolancaxochitl | |
|
flor de chile, flor de chilillo, cuchijec | |
|
ND | |
|
ND | |
|
ND | |
|
lokg, malvarón, oreja de elefante, rejalgar | |
|
palo de agua, palo santo | |
|
pesetilla | |
|
caballero, cabellera de palo, coamatl, choco, tablilla | |
|
caballero, cinco hojas, macuilillo, pata de gallo, siete hojas | |
|
choco, hoja de queso | |
|
cocoyol, coyol, coyol redondo, guacoyul | |
|
chapay, chapaya, chichón, chipi, chocho, chocón, flor de chocho | |
|
corozo, coyol real, coyolito real, palma real | |
|
coyolillo, guiscoyol, jahuacté, jahuactillo | |
|
chiquiyul, jahuacté | |
|
palma de abanico, palma de sombrero, palmilla, palmito | |
|
guaya de cerro, pampi, |
|
|
guaya de río, guayita de río | |
|
jilote de cerro, |
|
|
litámpa (Totonaco), |
|
|
guaya de cerro, pacaya | |
|
palmita bambu | |
|
chive, jilote de cerro, joma, guaya, |
|
|
guano coba | |
|
coquillo | |
|
aptas, guano, palma, palma apachite, palmareal, palma redonda, palmito | |
|
maguey, maguey cenizo | |
|
ND | |
|
agave, bayusa, cacaya, flor dejiote, flor de gigante, flor de henequén, flor de maguey, flor de mezcal, flor de pitol, flor de sotol, golumbos, gualumbos, hualumbos, huexote, kakaya, machete, maguey, quiote | |
|
maguey verde | |
|
|
|
|
maguey manso | |
|
ND | |
|
maguey chino | |
|
jarcia | |
|
maguey manso | |
|
espadín | |
|
maguey verde | |
|
ND | |
|
gasparito | |
|
aracuete, padillo, vara | |
|
sotol, sotol chino | |
|
maguey, maguey cenizo | |
|
azúcar de campo, azucena del campo, azucena, silvestre, estrella, flor de mayo, flor de San Juan, flor de San Nicolas, jacinto de monte | |
|
palma barreta, palma loca, palma samandoca | |
|
palma, palma barreta, palma china, palma samandoca, pita, pita amarilla | |
|
akgalukut, cardum, chochas, chocho, flor de palma, flor de palmo, iksoxochitl, izote, izotl, izxote, kardum, palma, palmito, palmito guaya, yuca | |
|
izote, palmito | |
|
palma, palma de d tiles, palma pita, pita verde | |
|
dalia | |
|
girasol, maíz de texas | |
|
papaloquelite, tepehua, venadilla | |
|
|
|
|
cempasúchil, cempaxúchil, cempoal, cempoalxóchitl, flor de muerto | |
|
hierbanis | |
|
anisillo | |
|
limpia tuna | |
|
limoncillo, parraleña | |
|
sacasil | |
|
saladilla | |
|
ND | |
|
xocoyole, xkutn (Totonaco) | |
|
chucuyul, chucuyule | |
|
begonia, quelite agrio, xocoyole | |
|
palo amarillo | |
|
ND | |
|
guaje, jícaro | |
|
guaje, tecomate | |
|
cuajilote, chote, chayote, guachilote, guajilote, pepino silvestre | |
|
San pedro | |
|
achiote, axiote | |
|
aguardientillo, bajón, baria, hormiguillo,hormiguero, huitl, sochicahua, sochíchi, solecillo, solerillo, suchil, tepesuchi, xulaxuchilt | |
|
nacahua | |
|
baboso, gravel, gulaber, moquillo, olavere, zazamil | |
|
cópite, trompillo | |
|
anácua, manzanilla | |
|
beec, capulín cimarrón, frutillo, manzana, manzanilla, manzano, nandimbo, palo verde, roble, sauco, pingüico | |
|
nigua, tlachichinole | |
|
lentejilla | |
|
lesquerella | |
|
pita | |
|
chichipo, chiyol, guapilla, piñuela | |
|
borregos, borreguitos, cardo, cardón, guapilla | |
|
gallitos | |
|
piña cimarrona, piña de monte | |
|
guapilla china | |
|
chaca | |
|
copalillo, shewin'shan (Totonaco) | |
|
cruceta, jacube, jacubo | |
|
cardón | |
|
biznaga burra | |
|
alicoche San Juanero, pitaya San Juanera | |
|
alicoche, biznaga | |
|
alicoche | |
|
alicoche, alicoche verde, pitahaia deagosto, pitahaya, pitahaya de agosto, pitaya, sanjuanera | |
|
biznaga de tuna | |
|
biznaga, biznaga roja | |
|
pitahaya, pitajaya, pitaya, pitaya orejona | |
|
pichilingos | |
|
biznaga de chilitos | |
|
órgano | |
|
garambullo | |
|
biznagita blanca | |
|
nopal, nopal chamacuero | |
|
arrastradillo | |
|
nopal cuijo | |
|
tuna, nopal blanco | |
|
nopal duraznillo, duraznillo | |
|
arrastradilla | |
|
nopal de la punzada | |
|
ND | |
|
cruzeta | |
|
pitayo | |
|
akgchixitjak (Totonaco), mamey amarillo, mamey santo domingo, zapote cabello, zapote domingo | |
|
berro silvestre, hierba loca | |
|
chilesmin, cuachichile, cuerillo, pipín, quebrache, tomatillo, varilla | |
|
carboncillo | |
|
cuerétaro, granjeno, tontu, uña de gato | |
|
palo blanco | |
|
granjeno | |
|
togalapoli | |
|
plantanilla | |
|
bandera, chachalaca, chilalaga, chimalaga, papatla, platanillo, papata | |
|
|
|
|
palo de agua, palo de pan, |
|
|
bonete, coalsuayote, cuaguayote, |
|
|
melocotón, papayita, |
|
|
berro cimarrón, lengua de pájaro | |
|
hormiguillo | |
|
tecolote | |
|
ND | |
|
gogo, tegualala | |
|
bejuco zapote, tenguale | |
|
cuyuxquihui | |
|
caimito, caco, ciruela de paloma, |
|
|
gurupillo, olo sapo, olozapote, uspi, zapote niño | |
|
bejuco limón, escobilla, tallepo | |
|
Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch | cabeza de mono, caca de niño, huicume, menso zapote, zapote amarillo, zapote cabello, zapote de mono |
|
chichiquelite | |
|
higo | |
|
guo-guo, limoncillo, naranjillo, wuowo | |
|
canshán | |
|
hierba del pollo | |
|
camote, camote blanco, camote morado, coshlapa, mánta, quiebraplato | |
|
azalea de la barranca, bejuco blanco, camoteblanco, catispa, chile pato, papada de gallo | |
|
campanilla, chonequi, corazón de la virgen, quiebraplato, xonequi | |
|
calabaza, calabaza pipián, chigua, nipx (Totonaco) | |
|
calabacilla loca | |
|
calabaza [fruit], calabaza criolla, pipián [seed] | |
|
ayoxochitl, ayoxochquilitl, calabacita, calabaza, puntas de calabaza [leaves], flor de calabaza [flowers], flor de pipiana, pipiana | |
|
cincoquelites | |
|
pepinillo silvestre, sandía, sandía de ratón, sandía silvestre | |
|
chayote, chayotli, erizo, güisquil, huisquil, jerizo, jurita, mayakg (Totonaco), usquil | |
|
popoque, tule | |
|
techona, zapotillo | |
|
zapotito | |
|
chapote, zapotillo | |
|
zapote negro, zapote prieto, sawalh (Totonaco) | |
|
chapote | |
|
chapote, chapote prieto | |
|
madroño, madrón | |
|
macuate | |
|
macuate | |
|
cahuiche, huicapol, huicapola, xoxocotzi | |
|
espinaca blanca | |
|
lisutkiwi | |
|
chaya | |
|
chaya, chaya amarilla, chaya brava, chaya mansa, chaya verde, mala mujer, pipian | |
|
chaya, chaya amarilla, chaya brava, chaya mansa, chaya pica, chaya verde | |
|
salvia | |
|
salvia | |
|
vara blanca | |
|
ashté, axté, chote, chút, pichoco, pipián, piñón, piñoncillo | |
|
piñón | |
|
yuca | |
|
papagallo | |
|
haya | |
|
almaizeoque, encino blanco, hoja china | |
|
encino prieto | |
|
encino blanco | |
|
cardo santo | |
|
capa de pobre | |
|
plantanillo | |
|
costilla de ratón, papatla, papatlilla, plantanillo | |
|
plantanillo | |
|
cacaté, cachichín | |
|
carcomeca | |
|
nogal, nogal criollo, nuez de cáscara de papel, nuez fina [fruits] | |
|
nogal, nogal americano | |
|
nogal, nogal cimarrón | |
|
cedro blanco, cedro nogal | |
|
cedro nogal, nogal, nogal cimarrón | |
|
orégano | |
|
crespa | |
|
moste, musté | |
|
aguacate de puerco, |
|
|
canela | |
|
laurel | |
|
aguacate, aguacatillo, kunalhit, kuka'ta | |
|
agacate silvestre, sasafrás | |
|
pahua | |
|
aguacatillo, chinin, chinín, chinine, lhpaw, pagua, pahua | |
|
árbol de borrego, borreguitos, chindata, chivos, chondata, cornizuelo, cuernosuelo, guayalote, guayote, tlahuitole, yepaquilitl | |
|
framboyancillo | |
|
cuerno de toro | |
|
gatuño | |
|
cornezuelo | |
|
uña de gato negra | |
|
tabachín | |
|
flor de sacramento, pillo, sacalamente, sacramento, xokichay | |
|
gallo | |
|
duraznillo, palo de judas, pata de vaca | |
|
chipil, chipilan, chipile, chipilín, chipilino | |
|
chipilín | |
|
guach, guapaque, guapiqui, palo lacandón palo de lacandón, paque, paquí, tamarindo silvestre, uach | |
|
amarillo, camaroncillo, chipilcoi, chipilcoite, chipilín, coachepil, guachipilín, matansiyat, quebrancha, quebranche, quebrancho, quibrancha, rambai, tenquiques | |
|
ébano | |
|
guanacastle, nacaste, nacastle, nacaxtle, parota | |
|
alcaparra, chontal, colorín, equimexóchitl, equimite, gasparito, lhalhni, madre, madre del cacao, mote, pichoco, pito | |
|
alcaparra, chiil, chocolín, chumpancle, colorín, equimite, espadita, flor de pita, flor de pitillo, flor de pito, gallitos, gasparita, gasparito, gásparo, lalhni, machetito, madre, patol, pemuche, pemuchi, permuche, pichocho, pichoco, pichojo, pispirique, poró, quemique, tlalhne, tsentse tsentse, tzonpantli, xompantli, zacapemucho | |
|
colorín | |
|
alcaparra, chiil, chocolín, chumpancle, colorín, equimite, espadita, flor de pita, flor de pitillo, flor de pito, gallitos, gasparita, gasparito, gásparo, lalhni, machetito, madre, patol, pemuche, pemuchi, permuche, pichocho, pichoco, pichojo, pispirique, poró, quemique, tlalhne, tsentse tsentse, tzonpantli, xompantli, zacapemucho | |
|
cacahuananche, chuchunuc, cocohuite, cocomuite, cocuite, cocuitle, flor de San José, flor de sol, gallitos, mataratón, muiti, palo de sol, xab-yaab | |
|
cuapinol, guapinol, guapinole | |
|
vaina | |
|
ND | |
|
algodoncillo, chalahuite, chalahuitillo, cuajinicuil, |
|
|
chelele | |
|
aguatope, chalahuite, cuil machetón, |
|
|
chelele, taastk (Núntaha’yi), vaina | |
|
guatope | |
|
ND | |
|
vaina peluda | |
|
chalahuite, cuajinicuil, guatope, jacanicuil, jinicuile | |
|
lileac (Totonaco), liliaqui | |
|
cola de zorro, guaje, guaje blanco, guajeverde, huaje, huashe, liliaque, slalak (Totonaco) | |
|
guajillo, tepehuaje | |
|
frijol chichimeque | |
|
jícama | |
|
ayacote, chichimeque, frijol boti, frijol burro, frijol de monte, frijol gordo, chachan, chachana, flor de bótil, flor de frijol, flor de quelite, hachana, mahtlaketl, xaxan, xaxana, xochikilitl, xochimaríah | |
|
ashlañ bu’ul, ejote, frijol negro, sic (Núntaha’yi), stapu (Totonaco) | |
|
cuamuchil, guamoche, guamuche, guamúchil, guaymochile, huamuchil, humo, nempa, pinzán, tucuy, umon | |
|
guamúchil ahogador, peleple | |
|
guamúchil | |
|
mezquite | |
|
mezquite | |
|
mezquite de árbol | |
|
mezquite | |
|
quelite | |
|
quelite | |
|
|
|
|
aguacote, árbol de corazón, flor de atole, flor de corazón, flor de rosa, kuwi xa’nat, magnolia, moniakuy, moñaykuy-imayak, moynacoy, sochilmoynacoy, súchil, xolochochitl, yolo, yololxochitl, yoloshanat, yolos chil, yolosúchil, yoloxochitl | |
|
súchil (Náhuatl), moiñacoi-imayak, moñacoi-imaya, moñacoy, monaikoi-imayak, moniacuy, moñiacuy, mooyniak-cuy, mou-ña-coy, moyñacoi, moynacoy, all meaning “tree with flower coming from an eggshell” (Zoque-popoluca) | |
|
árbol manchado, zapotillo | |
|
nananche, nance, nanche, na chi (Núntaha’yi), nanche, nanche agrio, nance, peraleja | |
|
cola de zorro | |
|
camaroncito, cereza, ciruela cimarrona, grosella roja, lumbre, nance, manzanita, panecito, palo de tomatillo | |
|
gallinita | |
|
malvavisco | |
|
ceiba, pochota, pochote | |
|
ceiba | |
|
acashti, ajillá, aquiche, guácima, guácimo, guazima, guázumo | |
|
manzanita | |
|
bejuquillo, catapachat (Totonaco), chanita, chocho, chinina, civil monacillo, farolito, fekom, flor de santos, gagapache, ixwaquelt, ixwaquen, majaguilla, manzanilla, manzanillo, manzanita, mazapan, monacillo rojo, monacillo, obelisco de la sierra, panelita, paniqueso, plumagillo, teresita, totopotzin, totopatzín, totopoxin, tulipán, tulipancito del monte, sibil, xtut-quene | |
|
chocho, tulipancillo | |
|
acamoyote, apompo, axilochóchitl, chanacol blanco, clavellina blanca, zapote de agua, zapote bobo, zapote reventador, zapotón | |
|
flor de mota, juanjilón | |
|
árbol canelo, árbol de funeral, árbol de molinillo, cacahuaxochitl, cacaoxochitl, canela, canelita, flor de cacao, huacanelo, kiwi pobostatli, madre de cacao, maricacao, molinillo, palo de canela, palo de chocolate, palo volador, rosa de cacao, rosita de cacao | |
|
ND | |
|
castañas, castaño, pepetaca | |
|
bellota | |
|
berijo, berijado, berijao, hoja de berijado, hojablanca, hoja de té, hoja de verijado, tho | |
|
chochogo, chogo, chogogo, sauco, shuco, suco, xuco | |
|
chochogo, chonegue, choschogo, lechuga, shuco, suco, xoxogo, xuco | |
|
hoja redonda, papelillo | |
|
plantanillo | |
|
apichillo, azafrán, chancla, hierba martina, hua-ja (Popoluca), papatilla, platanillo, t'aau' (Huasteco), sagú, yuquilla | |
|
hoja de piedra, malintzi, tompimil, tonpimil | |
|
ND | |
|
ojo de venado | |
|
capulín, capulín de cotorro, chicab, cinco negritos, hojalatillo blanco, sedita, serita, tecapulín, teshuate, tezhualillo | |
|
caña de león | |
|
hierba de ojo | |
|
apomo, nazareno, ocoxiltli, ojite, ojoche, osh, ramón, samaritano | |
|
higo | |
|
higuerón | |
|
amate | |
|
chichiti, mora, moradilla, moral, moral amarillo, palo amarillo | |
|
abasbabi, ababábite, agabasgabi, aguatoso, carnepescado, carne de pescado, carnero, carnero blanco, chagane, chirimoya, huichilama, masamorro | |
|
ojoche colorado, ramón colorado, ramón de mico, tepetomate, tomatillo | |
|
manash, tepetomate, tomatillo, wáxax (Totonaco) | |
|
campanilla, ramón, ramón colorado, ramoncillo, papelillo | |
|
capulín, capulín real, capulincillo, cerezo, nigua, nigüito, poan, puam, puan, puan capulín, puyam (Totonaco) | |
|
guayabillo | |
|
capulín | |
|
capulín, capulín agarroso, capulín de zorrillo, frutilla, escobilla, escobillo, guayabillo cimarrón, palo de temazate, pimientilla | |
|
capulín guinda, escobilla, rainjan | |
|
gallito | |
|
arrayán | |
|
chepucuy, escobilla | |
|
pimienta, pimenta gorda, u'cun (Totonaco), uc-suc (Popoluca), xocoxo'chitl (Nahuatl) | |
|
guayaba cimarrona, guayaba agria, guayabo agrio, guayabo de monte | |
|
arrayán, 'cales'ni (Misanteco), capulín, guayaba de tejón, guayabillo | |
|
ayacastle, flor de agua amarilla, malacate, pulul | |
|
ciruelillo | |
|
panalero | |
|
vainilla | |
|
vainilla |
|
|
azafran de raíz, azafrancillo | |
|
agrito | |
|
gagapache, jujo | |
|
ND | |
|
ND | |
|
granada del monte, pasión | |
|
damiana, hierba del venado, venadita | |
|
jabonera | |
|
cóngora, jabonera, jabonero, jorja, tonga | |
|
guanchaparrón, jaboncillo, jorga, quelite rojo, joklhkgk (Totonaco) | |
|
muste, mutza | |
|
pino piñonero [plant], piñón [seed] | |
|
pino piñonero [plant], piñón duro [seed] | |
|
pino piñonero | |
|
ND | |
|
ND | |
|
ND | |
|
cilantro de monte, cilantro macho, najashuio macho | |
|
cilantro cimarrón, cilantro de monte, nacazgüillo, limonascagüillo, oreja de burro, tequelite | |
|
caminante | |
|
cordoncillo | |
|
acoyo, acuyo, aguiyu, alahan, cordón blanco, cordoncillo, hierba de santa maría, hierba santa, hoja santa, homequelite mecaxóchitl, momo, mumu, omequelite, pimienta sagrada, tlanepa quelite, tlanepa, tlanepaquilitl, totzoay | |
|
cabellos de elote, elote, jilote, maíz, milpa, totomoxtle [dry leaves], hojas de maíz [freshleaves], moc (Núntaha’yi), Kúxi (Totonaco) | |
|
palmilla | |
|
tepelcahuite, uvero | |
|
carnero, uva de playa, uvero de mar | |
|
capulín de mayo, capulín de tejón, capulín silvestre, capulincillo, chagalapoli, chico correoso | |
|
capulín, matan'kiwi (Totonaco) | |
|
capulín | |
|
capulín, chagalapoli, silling, akgtalawat (Totonaco) | |
|
capulín arribeño, capulín de sabana | |
|
palo colorado | |
|
palo dezorrillo | |
|
guayacán, manzanita | |
|
manzanilla | |
|
brasil | |
|
crucillo | |
|
tullidor | |
|
coyotillo, tullidor | |
|
naranjillo | |
|
cainúm, chisté, tejocote, manzanilla, manzanillo | |
|
tejocote, tejocote cimarrón | |
|
fresa, fresa cimarrón | |
|
capulín | |
|
mora, morash, zarza, zarzamora | |
|
zarzamora | |
|
zarzamora silvestre | |
|
zarzamora | |
|
zarzamora, zarzamora silvestre | |
|
zarzamora | |
|
castarrica blanca | |
|
perlilla | |
|
jagua, jagua blanca, jagüe, jahue, maluco, yual, yoale, xagua | |
|
hierba de la mula | |
|
mora de codorniz | |
|
pera mexicana, zapotillo, zapote blanco | |
|
chapote amarillo | |
|
limoncillo | |
|
pinacatillo | |
|
colima | |
|
capulín corona, coronilla, palo de brujo | |
|
arete de novia | |
|
caimito, caimito cimarrón, caimito del monte, caimito silvestre, caimitillo, pistillo | |
|
chicozapote del monte | |
|
chicozapote, zapote |
|
|
caca de niño, cucumú, kanistú, kukun (Totonaco), mante, nochi, tapa, zapote agrio, zapote amarillo, zapote mante, zapote niño | |
|
chocho | |
|
atzapotlcuahuitl (Náhuatl), cuyg’ auac (Popoluca), lankájaka (Totonaco), mamey, mamey colorado, zapote, zapote mamey | |
|
coma cimarrona, coma resinera | |
|
coma real | |
|
ND | |
|
sapotillo | |
|
azafrán | |
|
aceituno negrito, gusano, pasaque, rabo de lagarto blanco, zapatero | |
|
zarzaparilla | |
|
zarza, zarzaparilla | |
|
asquiote, axquiote, azquiote, bejuco de canasta, bejuco de membrillo, bejuco de zarzaparrilla, chiquihuite, cocolmeca, cocolmecate, colcomeca, corcomeca, uut’ ts’aah, zarzaparrilla, bigote de acamayo, kgansalis | |
|
zarzaparilla | |
|
zarzaparilla | |
|
zarzaparilla | |
|
amashito, chile de árbol, chiles de color, chile pico paloma, chile piquín, |
|
|
amargoso | |
|
acahualera, chaltotongo, cojudo, equelite, jaltomata, quelite tomaquelite, tomatillo, tompis | |
|
cilindrillo | |
|
saladilla | |
|
ND | |
|
tomatillo | |
|
tomatillo de monte | |
|
tomatillo | |
|
champ lulh (Totonaco), costomate, tomate, tomatillo | |
|
tomate de cáscara, túmat (Totonaco) | |
|
tomatillo | |
|
tomate verde | |
|
juatomate amarillo, tomate de bota | |
|
tomate, tomate verde, tomate de cascara, tomatillo, tomatillo de labor | |
|
tomatillo | |
|
miltomate, tomate, tomatillo | |
|
ND | |
|
ND | |
|
copa de oro, pera tetona, tetona | |
|
hierbamora, hierba mora, mustulut (Totonaco) | |
|
tinguarache | |
|
jitomate, tomate citlali, tomate coyote, tomate riñon, tomate silvestre | |
|
jitomate, tomate rojo | |
|
hierba mora, quelite morado, yerbamora | |
|
papa cimarrona | |
|
ND | |
|
cuña | |
|
verdolaga | |
|
tule | |
|
guaya de monte, wayam | |
|
cerón | |
|
negrito, orejuela, revientacabra | |
|
agrito | |
|
orégano | |
|
hierba |
|
|
uva de monte | |
|
uva de monte | |
|
bejuco de agua, bejuco de parra, parra broncadora, parra silvestre, tecamate, tripas de vaca, sánalo todo, uva, uva de monte, uvilla cimarrona | |
|
chamal, palma de teresita, quiotamal, tiotamal | |
|
chicalito [seeds], palma de chicalite [plant] | |
|
guá | |
|
bex, tapicón, hoja de bexo | |
|
gobernadora |
Categories of use, plant organ utilised and management of native edible plants of the Gulf of Mexico
binary data
Categories of use (edibles, seasonings, packaging and multipurpose by category of use), plant organ utilised (root or bulb, stem, bark, wood or trunk, leaf, flowers, fruits, seed, resin or latex and multipurpose by plant organ utilised) and categories of management of native edible plants of the Gulf of Mexico Province. The information are encoded as presence = 1 and absence = 0.
File: oo_654412.csv
Geographical coordinates
occurrences
Geographical coordinates of edible native plants in the Gulf of Mexico Province.
File: oo_654413.csv
Bibliographical sources
References
List of bibliographical references used to build the database of native edible plants of Gulf of Mexico Province.
File: oo_633856.txt