Corresponding author: Daniela Maeda Takiya (
Academic editor: Pavel Stoev
Diversity and distribution of Neotropical aquatic insects is still poorly known, with many species to be recorded and many others to be described, due to the small number of taxonomists and sparse faunistic studies. This knowledge is especially poor in the Caatinga Domain in Northeastern Brazil, even though, this region may have played an important historical role in the spatial evolution of faunas of forested areas in northern South America.
Aquatic insect checklists of 96 species from Parque Nacional de Ubajara (Ceará State, Brazil) and 112 species from Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades (Piauí State, Brazil) are presented, representing the following taxa:
Insects constitute the most diverse animal group and represent one of the earliest lineages occupying the terrestrial habitat (
The diversity of aquatic insects is a result of several independent invasions of aquatic habitats by terrestrial lineages (more than 50 separate invasions, according to
Regional knowledge of the aquatic insect fauna is essential to ecological surveys or biomonitoring. In the Neotropics, diversity and distribution of aquatic insects is still poorly known, with many species to be recorded and many others to be described, especially because of the small number of taxonomists and sparse faunistic studies, even near large urban areas. Currently, there are approximately 7,000 described species of aquatic insects in Brazil (
The Caatinga Domain (
Low diversity and low numbers of endemic species is traditionally assigned to the Caatinga, although recent studies suggest otherwise, highlighting it as an important component of Brazilian biodiversity (
Due to the lack of collecting efforts in the Caatinga and Northeastern Brazil, and consequent scarcity of available voucher material from Ceará and Piauí states in insect collections, any information on insect diversity from inventories in these regions will probably constitute new records from these Brazilian states. An up to date list of
In this paper, we provide a preliminary checklist of selected taxa of aquatic insects from Ubajara and Sete Cidades National Parks in Northeastern Brazil (Fig.
Identification of aquatic insects depended on the availability of specialists, therefore we focused on
Material examined in this paper were obtained during two collecting expeditions to the study areas, from April 18th to 21st of 2012 and February 7th to 13th of 2013 at Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades (PNSC, Piracuruca municipality, PI) and from Abril 21st to 25th of 2012 and February 13th to 20th of 2013 at Parque Nacional de Ubajara (PNU, Ubajara municipality, CE). Although both parks are included in the Caatinga Domain (Fig.
Sampling localities within these parks were in or very close (less than 100 m) to bodies of water and are listed in Table
The following insects traps were used: 6-meter intercept Malaise traps (Figs
Species complementarity index for the two National parks were calculated with Cjk = Ujk/Sjk, where Ujk is the number of unique species in both sites and Sjk total richness in both sites combined (
During the expeditions 27 samples (14 at PNSC and 13 at PNU) of Pennsylvania light traps placed over streams were collected. Each sample was the result of an approximately 6-8 hour effort of 15W fluorescent or UV light turned on at dusk. All individuals of
Quantitative samples of Pennsylvania light traps totalled 227 individuals of 23 species from PNU and 511 individuals of 54 species from PNSC of
Approximately 7,000 individuals of focal taxa were identified, being 5,472 from PNU and 1,539 from PNSC (Fig.
These individuals were identified into 96 species from PNU and 112 species from PNSC, while 20 of these species were found in both parks (Fig.
The number of species per insect order in PNU and PNSC, respectively were:
New family record for CE.
New genus record for CE.
New genus record for CE.
New genus record for CE.
New family record for CE.
New genus record for CE.
Undescribed species in the lanceolatus group.
New genus record for CE.
Undescribed species.
New genus record for CE.
New genus record for CE.
Brazil: CE!, PE, MS, SP.
New species record for CE.
New genus record for CE.
Brazil: CE!, PE.
New species record for CE.
New genus record for CE.
Brazil: PI!, CE!, AL. Argentina?
New species record for CE.
Widespread in South America. Brazil: PI, CE, PE. Argentina.
New genus record for CE.
Undescribed species.
Mexico. Brazil: CE!, RJ.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
New family record for CE.
New genus record for CE.
Undescribed species. See Fig.
New genus record for CE.
Undescribed species.
Subfamily firstly recorded from CE in
Genus firstly recorded from CE in
Brazil: CE.
Species described in
Brazil: CE.
Species described in
Brazil: PI!, CE!, PR. Peru. Argentina.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Brazil: CE.
Species described in
Brazil: CE.
Species described in
Undescribed species.
New genus record for CE.
Undescribed species.
Undescribed species.
New genus record for CE.
Undescribed species.
Undescribed species.
New family record for CE.
New genus record for CE.
Venezuela. Brazil: PI!, CE!, PE.
New species record for CE.
Genus firstly recorded from CE in
Brazil: CE, PB, PE, MT, GO, MG, MS, SP, RJ. Peru. Paraguay. Argentina.
Species firstly recorded from CE in
Genus firstly recorded from CE in
Brazil: PA, CE, MA, MT, GO, MG, MS, SP. Paraguay.
Species firstly recorded from CE in
New family record for CE.
New genus record for CE.
Guyana. Suriname. Brazil: PA, AM, CE!, MT, BA, GO, MG, SP, RJ. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina.
New species record for CE.
New family record for CE.
New genus record for CE.
Brazil: PI, CE!, PE, MT, MG, RJ. Argentina.
New species record for CE.
Brazil: PA, CE!.
New species record for CE.
USA south to Panama. Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: RR, PI!, CE, PE, MT, MG, MS, ES, RJ. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia.
Brazil: CE, BA, MG, ES, SP, RJ, SC, RS. Paraguay. Argentina.
Species firstly recorded from CE in
Trinidad and Tobago. Venezuela. Guyana. Brazil: CE, ES.
Mexico. Belize. Costa Rica. Panama. Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Brazil: CE!, MT, BA, MG, ES, SP, RJ, SC. Ecuador. Peru. Paraguay. Argentina
New species record for CE.
Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: AM, CE, PE, MT, RO, GO, MS, SP, RJ. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia.
Mexico south to Panama. Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: RR, PA, AM, CE, PE, MT, RO, BA, GO, MG, MS, ES, SP, RJ, SC. Ecuador. Peru. Paraguay. Argentina.
Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: RR, PA, AM, MA, PI!, CE, PE, MT, RO, BA, MG, MS, ES, SP, RJ, RS. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina. Uruguay.
Belize. Guatemala. Costa Rica. Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: PA, AM, CE!, PE, MT, RO, BA, GO, MS, ES, SP, RJ, SC. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina.
New species record for CE.
USA south to Panama. Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: PA, AM, MA, PI, CE, RN, PE, MT, RO, BA, GO, MG, MS, ES, SP, RJ, SC, RS. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina. Uruguay.
Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. Brazil: RR, MA, CE, MT, MG, MS, SP, RJ, RS. Ecuador. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina.
Venezuela. French Guiana. Brazil: CE!, MG, RJ.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
New genus record for CE.
Brazil: CE!, SP, RJ, PR. Argentina.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil. See Fig.
Brazil: PA, CE!.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Brazil: CE!, TO, MT, GO, MG, MS, ES, SP, RJ. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Brazil: CE, MG, ES, SP, RJ.
Brazil: AM, PI!, CE!, MT, GO, MS. Peru.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Brazil: CE, MT, BA, GO, MG, MS, SP, PR. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina. Uruguay.
See Fig.
Brazil: PI!, CE.
See Fig.
Brazil: CE, BA, MG, RJ, SC.
Brazil!: CE!. Paraguay. Argentina.
New species record for Brazil.
New family record for CE.
New genus record for CE.
Brazil: PI!, CE!, MG. Paraguay.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Brazil: CE!, MG, SP, SC.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Mexico. Belize. Guatemala. Honduras. Costa Rica. Panama. Trinidad and Tobago. Venezuela. Suriname. Brazil: PI!, CE!, PE. Peru.
New species record for CE.
Venezuela. Guyana. Brazil: PA, AM, CE!, MT, DF. Peru. Argentina.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Brazil: PA, PI, CE, GO, MG, DF, ES, RJ. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina.
Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Brazil: PA, CE, PB, PE, MT, AC, BA, ES, SP, RJ, PR. Peru.
Honduras. Costa Rica. Panama. Colombia. Suriname. Brazil: PA, AM, PI!, CE!, MT, AC, RO, SP. Ecuador. Peru.
New species record for CE.
Mexico. Guatemala. Honduras. El Salvador. Costa Rica. Trinidad and Tobago. Venezuela. Suriname. Brazil: PA, PI!, CE!, MG, SP. Ecuador.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Brazil: CE!, MG.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Undescribed species.
Undescribed species.
Family firstly recorded from CE in
New genus record for CE.
Undescribed species.
Undescribed species.
Undescribed species.
Genus firstly record from CE in
Brazil: CE, PE, AL.
Species described in
Genus firstly recorded from CE in
Brazil: CE, AL.
Species described in
Brazil: CE, GO, MG, RJ.
Species described in
Brazil: CE.
Species described in
Brazil: CE.
Species described in
New genus record for CE.
Genus firstly recorded from CE in
Brazil: CE.
Species described in
Brazil: CE.
Species described in
Brazil: CE, RJ.
Species firstly recorded from CE in
New genus record for CE.
USA, Mexico. Costa Rica. Panama. Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Brazil: CE!, MG. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia. Argentina.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Mexico. Honduras. Costa Rica. Panama. Guadeloupe. Dominica. Santa Lucia. Saint Vicent and the Grenadines. Granada. Trinidad and Tobago. Venezuela. Brazil: AM, PI!, CE!, MG, RJ. Ecuador.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Genus firstly recorded from CE in
Brazil: CE.
Species described in
Brazil: CE!, ES, SP, RJ, PR, SC.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Canada. USA. Mexico. Guatemala. Nicaragua. Costa Rica. Panama. Colombia. Brazil: CE!. Peru. Argentina.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Brazil: CE!, MG, SP.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Brazil: CE, MT, RO, GO, MG, ES, RJ, SC.
Brazil: PA, AM, CE!, RO, MG, DF, RJ, SC.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
New family record for CE.
New genus record for CE.
New genus record for CE.
New family record for CE.
New genus record for CE.
New family record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Brazil: PI!, MS. Bolivia. Paraguay
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
New genus record for PI.
USA. Mexico. Belize. Guatemala. Honduras. Nicaragua. Costa Rica. Dominican Republic. Jamaica. Brazil: PI!, CE, PE, AL, MS, SP, RJ, SC. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina.
New species record for PI.
Venezuela. Brazil: PI, PE, MS. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina.
Venezuela. Brazil: PI!, MS.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Venezuela. Brazil: AM, PI!, RJ. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina. Uruguay.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Venezuela. Guyana. Brazil: PI!, CE, PE, MT, MS, RJ. Argentina. Uruguay.
New species record for PI.
Undescribed species.
New genus record for PI.
Brazil: PI, PE, MS, SP, RJ.
New genus record for PI.
Venezuela. Brazil: PI!, MS. Paraguay. Argentina.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Brazil: PI!, PE.
New species record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Brazil: PI!, CE!, AL. Argentina?
New species record for PI.
Brazil: PI!, PE, SP. Paraguay.
New species record for PI.
Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Suriname. Brazil: PA, PI!, RN, BA, MT, SP. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay.
New species record for PI.
USA. Mexico. Nicaragua. Costa Rica. Cuba. Haiti. Virgin Islands. Venezuela. Brazil: AM, CE, PI, PE, AL, SP, RJ, PR, RS. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina.
Venezuela. Guyana. French Guiana. Brazil: PA, AM, PI, CE, PE, AL, RJ. Paraguay. Argentina.
New family record for PI.
New subfamily record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Brazil: PI!, CE!, PR. Peru. Argentina.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Brazil: PI!, RO.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Brazil: PA, AM, PI!.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
New family record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Venezuela. Brazil: PI!, CE!, PE.
New species record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Brazil: PA, PI!, PE, MT, ES.
New species record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Undescribed species.
New genus record for PI.
Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: PA, AM, PI!, PE, ES. Ecuador. Bolivia. Argentina.
New species record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Suriname. Brazil: RR, PI!, PE, MT.
New species record for PI.
Colombia. Brazil: PI!, PE, ES, RJ. Peru. Bolivia.
New species record for PI.
Genus firstly recorded from PI in
Panama. Trinidad & Tobago. Colombia. Guyana. Suriname. Brazil: AP, PA, AM, PI, MT, RO, BA, MG, MS, SP, RJ. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina.
Species firstly recorded from PI in Cordeiro and Moreira 2015.
New family record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Family firstly recorded from PI in
Genus firstly recorded from PI in
Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. Brazil: PA, PI, ES.
Species firstly recorded from Northeastern Brazil in
Canada. USA. Mexico. Guatemala. Costa Rica. Panama. Bahamas. Cuba. Dominican Republic. Cayman Islands. Jamaica. Puerto Rico. U.S. Virgin Islands. Anguilla. St. Martin. Saba. St. Kitts & Nevis. Guadeloupe. Martinique. Aruba. St. Vincent & Grenadines. Barbados. Curaçao. Klein Curaçao. Bonaire. Klein Bonaire. Grenada. Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Brazil: PA, AM, MA, PI, PE, BA, AL, MG, MS, ES, SP, RJ, SC. Ecuador. Peru. Argentina.
Species firstly recorded from PI in
Genus firstly recorded from PI in
USA. Mexico. Guatemala. Nicaragua. Costa Rica. Panama. Cuba. Dominican Republic. Jamaica. Grenada. Trinidad and Tobago. Suriname. Brazil: PI, PE, MT, GO, MG, MS, ES, RJ, SC. Peru. Argentina.
Species firstly recorded from PI in
New family record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
New family record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
New family record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
New family record for PI.
New genus record for Northeastern Brazil.
New genus record for PI.
Haiti. Venezuela. Guyana. Brazil: PI!, GO, MG. Peru. Paraguay.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Brazil: PI!, RJ.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: RR, PA, AM, PI!, CE, PB, PE, MT, MS, MG, SP, RJ, RS. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina.
New species record for PI.
Brazil: PA, AM, PI!, CE, RN, PB, PE, MG, RJ.
New species record for PI.
Venezuela. Brazil: PA, AM, PI!, CE, RN, TO, PB, PE, MG, SP, RJ. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina.
New species record for PI.
Undescribed species.
Brazil: PI, CE!, PE, MT, MG, RJ. Argentina.
Colombia. Guyana. Suriname. Brazil: PA, AM, PI!, TO, RO, MT, GO, MG, MS, SP, RJ. Ecuador. Bolivia. Argentina.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Genus firstly recorded from PI in
Brazil: PA, PI!, TO, MT, GO, MG, SP, RJ, RS. Paraguay. Argentina.
Species firstly recorded from Northeastern Brazil in
Family firstly recorded from PI in
Genus firstly recorded from PI in
Brazil: PI.
Species described in
New genus record for PI.
USA south to Panama. Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: AM/PA, PI!, PE, MT, MG, ES, RJ. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay.
New species record for PI. See Fig.
New genus record for PI.
USA south to Panama. Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: RR, PI!, CE, PE, MT, MG, MS, ES, RJ. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia.
New species record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Mexico. Belize. Guatemala. Honduras. Costa Rica. Dominican Republic. Puerto Rico. Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: PA, PI!, MT, BA, ES, SP, RJ, PR. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia.
New species record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: RR, PA, AM, MA, PI!, CE, RN, TO, PE, MT, BA, MG, MS, ES, SP, RJ. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina.
New species record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: RR, PA, AM, MA, PI!, CE, PE, RO, BA, MT, MG, MS, ES, SP, RJ, RS. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina. Uruguay.
New species record for PI.
Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: PA, AM, PI!, PE, GO, MG, ES, SP, RJ. Peru. Argentina.
New species record for PI.
USA south to Panama. Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: PA, AM, MA, PI!, CE, RN, PE, MT, RO, BA, GO, MG, MS, ES, SP, RJ, SC, RS. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina. Uruguay.
New species record for PI.
USA south to Panama. Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. French Guyana. Brazil: RR, PA, AM, PI!, CE, PE, MT, RO, BA, MG, MS, ES, SP, RJ, RS. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina. Uruguay.
New species record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Costa Rica. Panama. Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. Frech Guiana. Brazil: PA, AM, PI!, CE, BA, MG, MS, ES, RJ. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina.
New species record for PI.
Venezuela. Brazil: PA, PI!, CE, RO, BA, GO. Bolivia.
New species record for PI. See Fig.
New genus record for PI.
Pantropical. Widespread in the Americas. Brazil: RR, PA, AM, MA, PI!, CE, TO, PE, MT, RO, BA, MG, MS, ES, SP, RJ, PR, SC, RS, also in Fernando de Noronha and Trindade e Martim Vaz archipelagoes.
New species record for PI.
Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: RR, PA, AM, MA, PI!, PE, MT, RO, MS, ES, SP. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia. Argentina.
New species record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Brazil: PI!, MT, RO, MS. Ecuador.
New species record for PI.
Venezuela. Guyana. Brazil: PI!, TO, MT, GO, MG, MS, SP.
New species record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Brazil: AM, PI!, CE!, MT, GO, MS. Peru.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
New genus record for PI.
Colombia. Venezuela. Brazil: PA, AM, MA, PI!, CE, TO, PE, MT, RO, BA, GO, MG, DF, ES.
New species record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Mexico south to Panama. Trinidad and Tobago. Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: PA, AM, PI!, CE, PB, PE, MT, RO, BA, MG, MS, ES, SP, RJ, RS. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina.
New species record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Colombia. Venezuela. Suriname. French Guiana. Brazil: MA, PI!, CE, TO, PE, MT, RO, BA, GO, MG, MS, SP, RJ, PR. Bolivia. Argentina.
New species record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Likely an undescribed species.
New order record for PI.
New family record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Brazil: CE, PI!.
New species record for PI. See Fig.
New family record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Brazil: PI!, CE!, MG. Paraguay.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Mexico. Belize. Guatemala. Honduras. Costa Rica. Panama. Trinidad and Tobago. Venezuela. Suriname. Brazil: PI!, CE!, PE. Peru.
New species record for PI.
New family record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Colombia. Venezuela. Guyana. Brazil: PA, PI!, CE, GO, MG, DF, ES, RJ. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina.
New species record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Honduras. Costa Rica. Panama. Colombia. Suriname. Brazil: PA, AM, PI!, CE!, MT, AC, RO, SP. Ecuador. Peru.
New species record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Mexico. Guatemala. Honduras. El Salvador. Costa Rica. Trinidad and Tobago. Venezuela. Suriname. Brazil: PA, PI!, CE!, MG, SP. Ecuador.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Undescribed species.
Undescribed species.
Family firstly recorded from PI in
Genus firstly recorded from PI in
Brazil: PI, BA, MG, PR.
Species described in
Genus firstly recorded from PI in
Brazil: PI.
Species described in
Genus firstly recorded from PI in
Brazil: PI.
Species described in
New genus record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Suriname. Brazil: AM, PI!.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Venezuela. Brazil: RR, PI!.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Brazil: PA, PI!.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Mexico. Honduras. Costa Rica. Panama. Guadeloupe. Dominica. Santa Lucia. Saint Vicent and the Grenadines. Granada. Trinidad and Tobago. Venezuela. Brazil: AM, PI!, CE!, MG, RJ. Ecuador.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Undescribed species.
Undescribed species.
Undescribed species.
Undescribed species.
Undescribed species.
Venezuela. Brazil: RR, PI!. Argentina.
if confirmed, new species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Venezuela. Guyana. Suriname. Brazil: RR, PI!, MG, SP, RJ. Ecuador. Peru. Bolivia. Paraguay. Argentina.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
Undescribed species.
Undescribed species.
Guyana. Suriname. Brazil: PA, AM, PI, MT, BA.
Species firstly recorded from PI in
New family record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Undescribed species.
Undescribed species.
Undescribed species.
Brazil: PA, AM, PI!.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
New family record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
USA. Mexico. El Salvador. Nicaragua. Costa Rica. Panama. Venezuela. Suriname. Brazil: PA, AM, PI!, BA, MG, MS, ES, RJ, PR, SC. Ecuador. Paraguay. Argentina. Uruguay.
New species record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Brazil: PI!, RO.
New species record for Northeastern Brazil.
New family record for PI.
New genus record for PI.
Although the Caatinga shares with Cerrado similar landscapes, in part due its savannah-like formation and their geographical proximity, under a spatial evolution standpoint historically the biota from Northeastern Brazil forested areas are largely linked to Amazonia and Atlantic Forest (see
Past connections between Amazonia and Atlantic Forest biotas are open to debate, hypotheses diverging if they occurred during the Miocene through South America's dry diagonal vegetation, including currently the Cerrado and Chaco formations, or during the Plio–Pleistocene through forested areas in the Caatinga Domain (see references in
Based on the collected material during this project, one caddisfly species was firstly recorded from Brazil,
Several new state records are made based on this material, especially for Piauí State. Thirty and 56 species are firstly recorded from Ceará and Piauí states, respectively. These exclude records previously published, but based on material collected during this project, which add other 10 new species records for these states (see Table
Some of these new records are for widespread species in South America, such as for many dragonflies (see below), however, others significantly expand species ranges in Brazil. For example, the caddisflies
The knowledge of stoneflies from Northeastern Brazil is still very scarce, when compared to the other aquatic insects studied. In the Neotropical
Except by few Amazonian and Atlantic Forest representatives, most dragonflies correspond to common species and are now firstly recorded mainly due to undersampling. Thus, field surveys must be one of the priority efforts for assessment of the diverse dragonfly fauna of tropical South America (
Several published records of dragonfly species from the states of CE and PI are old, based on misidentifications or wrong localities, or for names currently under a different taxonomic status, and as a result, some of them should be ignored or are pending confirmation. Such cases are discussed below.
The Amazonian damselflies
In the first published list of dragonflies from Ceará State,
Besides the high number of taxa recorded for the first time from Ceará and Piauí, effectively increasing the knowledge of aquatic insect diversity for these states, several undescribed species were detected. Twenty-six and 20 undescribed species from PNU and PNSC, respectively, were detected based on the material collected during this project, of those 12 from PNU (
Many more aquatic insect species (except of
There are no published lists of insect species for neither Parque Nacional de Ubajara (PNU) nor Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades (PNSC). In PNU’s management plan it is cited the occurrence of five orders and 14 insect families, with 6 genera and 9 species identified. However, these names were not made available. In another study,
Considering all focal taxa, only 11% of species were found in both National Parks (Fig.
Although for some groups,
Specimens were collected as part of a project coordinated by JAR and financed by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, proc. 551.991/2011-9) and Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) through the program "Pesquisa em Unidades de Conservação do Bioma Caatinga". Local logistic support for collecting trips was given by F. Limeira-de-Oliveira (Universidade Estadual do Maranhão) and his students. Rodney Cavichioli (Universidade Federal do Paraná) and Alexandre Somavilla (INPA) assisted placing Pennsylvania traps in the field. Collecting permits in both National Parks were granted by ICMBio (SISBIO #32560). DMT and JAR are research productivity fellows from CNPq (procs. 306.897/2014-8 and 300.305/2007–9) and DMT is a Jovem Cientista do Nosso Estado fellow (Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, proc. E-26/202.786/2015). APP is a post-doctoral fellow from CNPq (PDJ procs. 151.122/2013-0 and 157.592/2015-4). Gabriela Jardim (UFRJ) and Rosser W. Garrison (California Department of Food and Agriculture) have confirmed identifications of
APMS, ALHO, ALC, APP, BHLS, BC, FFFM, FAC, ICG, IRSC, JTC, JFB, WRMS identified and quantified material and provided distributional data for species cited. DMT, APMS, JAR, conceived project and collected material. DMT, APMS, APP wrote paper.
Map of Brazilian states colored by four major phytogeographical domains: Amazon forest, Cerrado, Atlantic forest, and Caatinga; the last one including Ubajara (blue star) and Sete Cidades (green star) National Parks.
Detail of plate 25 modified from Joseph Anton Maximilian Perty’s work from 1834, with a water color illustration of the holotype of the small skimmer dragonfly
Cachoeira do Riachão (PNSC-02) at Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, PI, Brazil. (A) April 2012. (B) February 2013.
Riacho da Piedade (PNSC-04) at Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, PI, Brazil. (A) April 2012. (B) February 2013.
6-meter Malaise flight intercept trap over Rio Gameleira crossing Trilha Samambaia (PNU-01) at Parque Nacional de Ubajara, CE, Brazil.
Rio das Minas crossing Trilha Araticum (PNU-02) at Parque Nacional de Ubajara, CE, Brazil.
Rio Cafundó crossing Trilha Araticum (PNU-04) at Parque Nacional de Ubajara, CE, Brazil.
Cachoeira do Cafundó (PNU-07) at Parque Nacional de Ubajara, CE, Brazil.
Riacho da Bananeira (PNSC-01) at Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, PI, Brazil. Photo by A. Somavilla.
Manual collecting with entomological net near border of Riacho do Bananeira (PNSC-01), Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, PI, Brazil.
6-meter Malaise flight intercept trap over seasonally dried stream below Cachoeira do Riachão (PNSC-02) at Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, PI, Brazil.
Pensylvania light trap near Olho d'água dos Milagres (PNSC-07) at Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, PI, Brazil.
Poço do Bananeira (PNSC-08) at Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, PI, Brazil.
Suspended intercept trap over stream at Parque Nacional de Ubajara, CE, Brazil.
Manual collecting using white-sheet light trap at Parque Nacional de Ubajara, CE, Brazil.
Yellow pan trap (YPT) near border of stream at Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, PI, Brazil.
Number of individuals of aquatic insects identified from Ubajara (PNU, blue) and Sete Cidades (PNSC, green) National Parks.
Percentage of total species of aquatic insects found only at Ubajara (PNU, blue), only at Sete Cidades (PNSC, green), and in both National Parks (red).
Specimen of
Lateral habitus of male holotype of
Lateral habitus of male holotype of
Lateral habitus of male holotype of
Lateral habitus of a male of
Lateral habitus of a male melanistic morph of
Teneral adult specimen of
Adult and immature specimens of
Lateral habitus of a male of
Lateral habitus of a female of
Number of previously recorded species of
Rarefaction curves (thick lines) of aquatic insect richness from Ubajara (PNU, blue) and Sete Cidades (PNSC, green) National Parks with 95% confidence limits (fine lines). Dashed red line indicates the sample point of 200 individuals.
Number of described species in the major aquatic insect groups in the world and in Brazil, and percentage of Brazilian fauna in relation to the world’s biota.
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3,046 | 339 | 11.1% |
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5,952 | 856 | 14.4% |
2,404 | 301 | 12.5% | |
2,021 | 228 | 11.3% | |
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3,497 | 164 | 4.7% |
19,618 | 1,719 | 8.8% | |
1,994 | 139 | 7.0% | |
3,412 | 519 | 15.2% | |
15,770 | 648 | 4.1% | |
5,373 | 498 | 9.3% | |
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14,291 | 687 | 4.8% |
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328 | 20 | 6.1% |
1,300 | 148 | 11.4% | |
5,126 | 529 | 10.3% | |
1,380 | 27 | 2.0% | |
2,205 | 280 | 12.7% | |
1,330 | 45 | 3.4% | |
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aNumbers obtained from
bNumbers obtained from
*
Species list of
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Sampling localities in Parque Nacional de Ubajara (PNU) and Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades (PNSC).
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PNU-01 | PNU, Trilha Samambaia, Rio Gameleira (Fig. |
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874 |
PNU-02 | PNU, Trilha Araticum, Rio das Minas (Fig. |
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524 |
PNU-03 | PNU, Portão Neblina |
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849 |
PNU-04 | PNU, Trilha Araticum, Rio Cafundó (Fig. |
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753 |
PNU-05 | PNU, Trilha Samambaia, Mirante da cachoeira do Gameleira |
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880 |
PNU-06 | PNU, Trilha Araticum, Rio das Minas na altura da trilha do teleférico |
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420 |
PNU-07 | PNU, Cachoeira do Cafundó (Fig. |
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783 |
PNU-08 | PNU, Rio Cafundó, pouco acima da cachoeira |
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795 |
PNU-09 | PNU, Trilha Araticum, Rio da Minas abaixo do teleférico |
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395 |
PNU-10 | PNU, Ponte sobre Rio Miranda |
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792 |
PNU-11 | PNU, Rio das Minas, próximo ao Portão Araticum |
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328 |
PNU-12 | PNU, Trilha das Samambaias, brejo |
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829 |
PNU-13 | PNU, Mijo da Velha |
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768 |
PNSC-01 | PNSC, Riacho da Bananeira (Figs |
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189 |
PNSC-02 | PNSC, Cachoeira do Riachão (Figs |
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171 |
PNSC-03 | PNSC, Alojamento |
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193 |
PNSC-04 | PNSC, Riacho da Piedade (Fig. |
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169 |
PNSC-05 | PNSC, Centro de visitantes |
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202 |
PNSC-06 | PNSC, Olho d'água Piscina do Bacuri |
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171 |
PNSC-07 | PNSC, Olho d'água dos Milagres (Fig. |
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180 |
PNSC-08 | PNSC, Poço do Bananeira (Fig. |
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158 |
PNSC-09 | PNSC, trilha para Poço do Bananeira |
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162 |