Corresponding authors: Jia-Sheng Xu (
Academic editor: Cheng-Bin Wang
The genus
In this paper, three species of the genus
The genus
Insects that mine leaves may have far-reaching and profound effects on their host plants (
Under laboratory conditions, the adults were reared from larvae or pupae in the leaves of their hosts for the following time periods:
Abbreviations for collections in this study are:
Body length 3.1–3.4 mm, body width 1.1–1.4mm. Body slender, 2.5–2.7 times as long as wide. Colour black, head, pronotum and elytra with more or less distinct cupreous shine. Surface microreticulated, pronotal convexities and elytral rugae smooth (Fig.
Head extremely large, distinctly larger than pronotum, with sides convex strongly and regularly, widest at level much closer to posterior margins of eyes than to anterior margin of pronotum. Eyes rather small, slightly convex in male, but more convex in female. Male temples are about 1.9 times as long as the longitudinal diameter of the eye in lateral view, whereas female temples are around 2.1 times as long. Forehead depressed widely and deeply. Surface with shallow, small and dense punctures and equally distributed thin pubescence. Antennae with 10 antennomeres; male antennomeres serrate, about twice as wide as long; female antennomeres are approximately equilateral.
Pronotum 1.6–1.8 times as wide as long, much narrower than head and elytra, with anterior margin distinctly bisinuate, posterior margin bisinuate with slightly protruded basal lobe widely cut posteriorly. Anterior margin slightly wider than posterior margin in male, but obviously narrow in female and mid-point much higher than anterior angles. Lateral margin strongly straight. Supralateral carinae starting near basal angles of pronotum, slightly convergent anteriorly, reaching discal convexity. Surface with a few rather large, shallow punctures in depressed portions of disc. Scutellum transversely triangular.
Elytra 1.9–2.0 times as long as wide, widest at middle. Apices rounded and widely separated. Elytral sides emarginated slightly concave in anterior 1/3, with a narrow depression. Surface with irregular, transverse rugae and large, shallow punctures.
Tibiae strongly arched.
Male genitalia less sclerotised, parameres with apices rather widely emarginated (Fig.
This new species is similar to
The name of the species is derived from the type locality (Anji Mountains, Longnan County, Jiangxi Province) with reference to the species distribution.
Known from type locality in the Anji Mountains (China: Jiangxi Province) at an elevation about 400 m.
Habitat: mostly along roadsides near to streams in the montane subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest (Fig.
Host plant:
Body length 3.4-3.9 mm, body width 1.2–1.5 mm. Body moderately narrow, 2.6–2.9 times as long as wide, moderately convex. Elytra blackish-bronze, but the head and pronotum bronze, rather lustrous, non-shagreened, with delicate, finely reticulate shagreenity only on the concave areas of pronotum and on ventral surface, with silky lustre (Fig.
Head large and wide, about the same width as or slightly narrower than the pronotum, slightly angularly widened behind eyes, widest at mid-length between posterior margin of eyes and anterior margin of pronotum. Head depressed anteriorly. Eyes large, oval, moderately convex, not or slightly projecting beyond contour of head, almost as long as temples in dorsal view. Temples regularly arcuate. Surface with dense, simple, flat rounded punctures. Male with golden setae dense on frons and sparser on vertex. Antennae 11-segmented, serrate beginning with 6th segment; 6th segment slightly longer than wide, 7–10th segments about as long as wide and 11th segment longer than wide.
Pronotum 1.9–2.0 times as wide as long, with sides nearly straight or slightly irregularly and weakly arcuate, widest at anterior 1/3–1/4. Anterior margin strongly bisinuate, sharply concave on both sides, slightly raised in middle and mid-point much lower than anterior angles of pronotum. Posterior margin slightly bisinuate, basal lobe slightly projecting. Pronotum weakly convex. Lateral carinae nearly straight, directly to concaved part of anterior margin and not reaching anterior angles; posteriorly connected with raised posterior margin of pronotum, slightly inward from its posterior angles. Surface with scarce punctures. Flat punctures in depressed portions of disc. Scutellum large, transversely triangular.
Elytra 1.9–2.1 times as long as wide, much wider than pronotum and widest nearly at middle. Apices strongly separated, rounded, with several ill-defined teeth. Surface densely covered with coarse punctures and irregular coarse undulate transverse wrinkles.
Femora with a row of small teeth at inner side. Tibiae strongly arched. In female extended a little wider in posterior 1/3.
Male genitalia strongly sclerotised, parameres triangular with rounded apices distally (Fig.
Pupa in Fig.
With the narrow body, 2.6–2.9 times as long as wide and elytra 1.9–2.1 times as long as wide, this new species resembles to
The name of the species is derived from the type locality (Qiyun Mountains, Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province) with reference to the species distribution.
Known from type locality in the Qiyun Mountains (China: Jiangxi Province) at an elevation about 700 m.
Habitat: mostly found in the alpine subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest in mountains along streams and roadsides (Fig.
Host plant:
Leaf mine: This species often have meandering shape mines. Larvae exist from late October to mid-March with only one bamboo leaf mine in Ganzhou. The mine appears as an amorphous blotch with a dark brown line in the early period (Fig.
Adult in Fig.
Aedeagus in Fig.
China (Guangxi, Guangdong).
Habitat and host plant:
The genus
Typically, these insects have two generations every year, with the overwintering generation's adults emerging in the months of March through May. Its spawning grounds are easy to find since they mate and deposit eggs on the leaves of their host plants (
In addition, our data and discussions with experts have shown that
We hypothesize that
We thank Professor Dr. Xiao-Ya Yu (Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities) for identifying the host plants. Our colleagues Cheng-Qing Liao and other students are thanked for their field collecting. Various fieldwork assistance provided by Jian Lu, Cheng-Peng Long and Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve was greatly appreciated. We also thank Dr. Mark Yu. Kalashian for sharing the references and provides suggestions for revisions, Zhong-Liang Peng for sharing the references and Dr. Lu Qiu for helping with language modifications. We would also like to thank Dr. Mark G. Volkovitsh, Dr. Zhong-Hua Wei and Dr. Cheng-Bin Wang for their suggestions for revisions during the review of the paper.
This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 41861007, 41971059, 31900354).
Habitus of
Male genitalia of
Biology of
Habitus of
Male genitalia of
Pupa of
Biohabitat and host plant of
Leaf mine of
Habitus of
Male genitalia of
Biology of