Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes)

Long Chun-Sheng; Wu You-Peng; Zhang Xu; Lin Yan; Shen Xiang-Chun; Ma Jian; LI Qi-Rui

doi:10.3897/BDJ.11.e101629

Biodiversity Data Journal : Taxonomy & Inventories

PDF

Taxonomy & Inventories

Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes)

Long Chun-Sheng^‡,§, Wu You-Peng^‡, Zhang Xu^‡, Lin Yan^‡, Shen Xiang-Chun^§,|,¶,‡, Ma Jian^#, LI Qi-Rui^§,|,¶,‡

‡ State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China

§ The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China

| The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, China

¶ The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, China

# College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China

Corresponding author: LI Qi-Rui (lqrnd2008@163.com)

Academic editor: Ning Jiang

Received: 08 Feb 2023 | Accepted: 17 Apr 2023 | Published: 15 May 2023

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Chun-Sheng L, You-Peng W, Xu Z, Yan L, Xiang-Chun S, Jian M, Qi-Rui L (2023) Additions to hyphomycetes from Yungui Plateau, China with three new species (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes). Biodiversity Data Journal 11: e101629. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e101629

Abstract

Background

Yungui Plateau is rich in fungal diversity. Hyphomycetes, growing on submerged wood, can promote the degradation of organisms and the reuse of rotten wood energy. During an investigation of hyphomycetes in this region, 19 species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes were collected in Yungui Plateau.

New information

Both morphological identification and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of ITS, tef1 and LSU sequences supported Coryneum sevenseptatis as a new species. Phaeoisaria guizhouensis and Pleurothecium yunanensis were introduced, based on morphology. Morphological descriptions and illustrations of the new species were detailed. Known species are listed with notes.

Keywords

Guizhou, karst area, new taxa, phylogenetic analysis, taxonomy

Introduction

Coryneum firstly described by Nees based on the C. umbonatum Nees, 1816 (Nees von Esenbeck 1816). Some synapomorphies between Coryneaceae and Pseudovalsaceae like having black perithecia, often immersed in wood, asci that deliquesce at maturity and an asexual morph with transversely distoseptate brown conidia, are regarded as the character of Coryneaceae and many species of this genus have been reported as phytopathogens causing tree canker (Sutton 1975, Rossman et al. 2007, Senanayake et al. 2017). In the recent decade, tens of species of Coryneum have been reported, and five species have been found in China (Rossman et al. 2015, Senanayake et al. 2017, Jiang et al. 2018, Senwanna et al. 2018, Jiang et al. 2019, Boonmee et al. 2021).

Phaeoisaria was firstly described by Höhnel (1909) to accommodate P. bambusae Höhn., 1909 as the type species. This genus is characterised by conidiophores adpressed in parallel with numerous sympodially extending denticulate conidiogenous cells and aseptate or septate ellipsoidal, obovoidal, fusiform-cylindrical to falcate, hyaline conidia (Höhnel 1909, Hyde et al. 2018, Boonyuen et al. 2021) In the recent decade, increasing numbers of species of Phaeoisaria have been considered as new species (Crous et al. 2017, Hyde et al. 2018, Luo et al. 2019, Boonmee et al. 2021, Crous et al. 2021, Liu et al. 2022, Jayawardena et al. 2023).

Pleurothecium was firstly described by Höhnel (1919) to accommodate P. recurvatumas (Morgan) Höhn. the type species. This genus is characterised by distinct brown conidiophores and polyblastic sympodially extended denticulate conidiogenous cells. The conidia are solitary, unicellular or septate, hyaline or pigmented (Matsushima 1975, Matsushima 1980, Cooper 2005, Réblová et al. 2012). In the recent decade, five species of Pleurothecium have been reported (Monteiro et al. 2016, Hyde et al. 2017, Luo et al. 2018,Shi et al. 2021, Jayawardena et al. 2023).

Yungui Plateau is a typical karst landform including Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces in south-western China (Wang et al. 2004). Guizhou Province is located in the east of Yungui Plateau. Its warm climate has led to the development of various subtropical flora in this region. In the high-temperature area of the low latitude valley in the south, there are tropical elements and near-tropical vegetation types (Wu 2000). The environmental and biological factors resulting from the complicated geography and topography, highly variable climate conditions, diversified vegetation and forest type etc. provide an abundant and wide variety of favourable habitats and symbiotic hosts for the growth and reproduction of the fungi such as hyphomycetes (Wu 2000, Gulis and Suberkropp 2003, Wu and Zhuang 2008, Wijayawardene et al. 2021). Hyphomycetous taxa are mainly saprobic on plant residues, such as rotten wood, dead branches, bark and fallen leaves, as well as in soil and submerged substrates of freshwater (Pirozynski and Hodges 1973, Gönczöl and Révay 2003, Shirouzu and Harada 2008, Shirouzu et al. 2010, Ma 2012, Yen et al. 2012, Ma et al. 2015) and have a strong ability to degrade wood fibres (Shearer and Webster 1991, Hoffmann and Hering 2000, Zhang 2018). Amongst them, hyphomycetes growing on rotten wood account for a large part. At present, more than 1400 genera of asexual hyphomycetes have been recognised all over the world (Seifert and Gams 2011). Fungal diversity in Yungui Plateau is high, but still mostly unexplored. During an investigation of hyphomycetes associated with plant residues in this region, nineteen species were identified from rotting wood, including three new species that are described below.

Materials and methods

Sample collection and isolation

Decaying wood with fungi were collected from forests in Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces. The samples were placed in paper bags and brought to the laboratory. Specimens were examined using an OLYMPUS SZ6 dissecting microscope. Photomicrographs were taken using a Cannon EOS 700D camera attached to a Nikon ECLIPSE Ni compound microscope. Measurements were made using the Tarosoft (R) Image Frame Work programme. Dimensions of anatomical features were shown followed Kurniawati et al. (2010). Figures were processed with Adobe Photoshop CS6 software (Adobe Systems. USA) without modification of morphological characteristics (Dong et al. 2020). Singer spore isolations were used for obtaining pure cultures (Choi et al. 1999). Germinating conidia with a small amount of medium were individually transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium plates under a stereomicroscope (Luo et al. 2018). Specimens were deposited at the Herbarium of Guizhou Medical University (GMB) and the Herbarium of Kunming Institute of Botany (KUN). The cultures were preserved in Guizhou Medical University Culture Collection (GMBC) (Table 1).

Table 1.

Download as

CSV

XLSX

Strains used in the phylogenetic tree and their culture accession and GenBank numbers. Strains from this study are in bold.

SPECIES	Strain number		GenBank Accession number
SPECIES	Strain number		ITS	LSU	tef
Asterosporium asterospermum	KT2125		NA	AB553743	NA
Asterosporium asterospermum	KT2138		NA	AB553744	NA
Chaetoconis polygoni	CBS 405.95		NA	EU754141	NA
Coryneum castaneicola	CFCC 52315		MH683559	MH683551	MH685731
Coryneum castaneicola	CFCC 52316		MH683560	MH683552	MH685732
Coryneum depressum	AR 3897		NA	EU683074	NA
Coryneum gigasporum	G14		MK799957	MK799944	MK799830
Coryneum gigasporum	G15		MK799958	MK799945	MK799831
Coryneum heveanum	MFLUCC 17-0369		MH778707	MH778703	NA
Coryneum heveanum	MFLUCC 17-0376		MH778708	MH778704	MH780882
Coryneum ilicis	CFCC 52994		MK799948	MK799935	NA
Coryneum ilicis	CFCC 52995		MK799949	MK799936	NA
Coryneum modonia	AR 3558		NA	EU683073	NA
Coryneum perniciosum	CBS 130.25		MH854812	MH866313	NA
Coryneum sinense	X60	MK799952		MK799939	MK799825
Coryneum sinense	X23	MK799953		MK799940	MK799826
Coryneum septemseptatum	GMB0393	OQ540748		OQ540743	OQ540767
Coryneum septemseptatum	GMB0392	OQ560328		OQ560329	NA
Coryneum songshanense	CFCC 52997	MK799946		MK799933	MK799822
Coryneum songshanense	CFCC 52998	MK799947		MK799934	MK799823
Coryneum suttonii	Z17	MK799955		MK799942	MK799828
Coryneum suttonii	Z63	MK799956		MK799943	MK799829
Coryneum umbonatum	CBS 199.68		MH859114	MH870828	NA
Coryneum umbonatum	AR 3541		NA	EU683072	NA
Crinitospora pulchra	CPC 22807		KJ710466	KJ710443	NA
Cytospora centrivillosa	IT 2132		MF190122	MF190068	NA
Cytospora centrivillosa	MFLU 17-0887		MF190123	MF190069	NA
Cytospora fertilis	AR 3514		NA	EU255210	EU222018
Cytospora melanodiscus	Jimslanding2		JX438621	NA	JX438605
Cytospora translucens	CZ320		FJ755269	FJ755269	NA
Diaporthe azadirachtae	TN 01		KC631323	NA	NA
Diaporthe eres	AR 5193		KJ210529	MT378367	KJ210550
Diaporthe eres	T-098		MF190138	MF190081	MF377595
Diaporthe maytenicola	CPC 21896		KF777157	KF777210	NA
Hyaliappendispora galii	MFLU 15-2269		MF190150	MF190095	MF377587
Lamproconium desmazieri	MFLUCC 15-0870		KX430134	KX430135	MF377591
Lamproconium desmazieri	MFLUCC 15-0872		KX430138	KX430139	MF377593
Macrohilum eucalypti	CPC 10945		DQ195781	DQ195793	NA
Macrohilum eucalypti	CPC 19421		KR873244	KR873275	NA
Pachytrype princeps	Rogers s.n.		NA	FJ532382	NA
Pachytrype rimosa	FF1066		NA	FJ532381	NA
Phaeoacremonium aleophilum	CBS 631.94		AF266647	AB278175	KF764643
Phaeoacremonium vibratile	CBS 117115		KF764573	DQ649065	KF764645
Phaeoappendicospora thailandensis	TL 19		MF190157	MF190102	NA
Phaeoappendicospora thailandensis	MFLU 12-2131		MF190158	MF190103	NA
Phaeodiaporthe appendiculata	D77		KF570156	KF570156	NA
Prosopidicola mexicana	CBS 113529		AY720709	KX228354	NA
Prosopidicola mexicana	CBS 113530		AY720710	NA	NA
Rossmania ukurunduensis	AR 3484		NA	EU683075	NA
Stegonsporium acerophilum	D5		EU039982	EU039993	EU040027
Stegonsporium pyriforme	D2		EU039971	EU039987	EU040001
Stilbospora macrosperma	CBS 121883		JX517290	JX517299	KF570235
Stilbospora macrosperma	WJ 1840		NA	AY616229	NA
Sydowiella depressula	CBS 813.79		NA	EU683077	NA
Sydowiella fenestrans	CBS 125530		JF681956	EU683078	MK524463

DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing

The mycelia cultured on PDA medium were scraped out and put into a 1.5 ml centrifuge tube for DNA extraction. DNA Extraction Kit (E.Z.N.A.® Forensic DNA Kit, D3591, BIOMEGA, USA) was used for extraction of total DNA following its instructions. Three gene regions were amplified with universal primers. ITS1/ITS4 for the internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA (ITS) (White et al. 1990), LR0R/LR5 for the large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU) (Vilgalys and Hester 1990), EF1-983F/EF1-2218R for the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef) (Rehner and Buckley 2005, Hosaka et al. 2006) were used for PCR amplification. The PCR amplification solution included 12.5 μl of 2 × Taq PCR master mix, 9.5 μl of ddH₂O, 1 μl of DNA extraction, 1 μl of forward primer and 1 μl of reverse primer. The PCR products were sent to Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China, for sequencing.

Phylogenetic analyses

The sequences were pasted into the BLASTN for preliminary identification. All sequences were selected, based on the top hits and the latest literature (Boonyuen et al. 2021). The sequences were aligned with the Multiple Sequence Alignment Programme MAFFT (MAFFT 7.205) software (Katoh and Standley 2013). Then spurious sequences or poorly-aligned regions from a multiple sequence alignment were removed with the tool of TrimAl (Capella-Gutiérrez et al. 2009). Alignment Transformation EnviRonment (http://www.sing–group.org/alter/) was performed to convert the FASTA format to the phylp format (Glez-Peña et al. 2010). The Maximum Likelihood analysis was carried out with GTR+G+I model of site substitution by using RAxML 7.4.2 black box (https://www.phylo.org/, Stamatakis et al. (2008)). Bayesian analysis was performer with MrBayes v. 3.1.2 (Huelsenbeck and Ronquist 2001). The branch support was evaluated with a bootstrapping method of 1000 replicates (Hillis and Bull 1993). Posterior probabilities (PP) were determined by Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling (MCMC) in MrBayes v. 3.2.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012). The nucleotide substitution model was estimated by MrModelTest v.2.3 (Posada and Crandall 1998). Six simultaneous Markov chains were run for 2,000,000 generations and the trees were sampled each 100^th generation. The first 25% of trees, greater than 0.95, are indicated at the nodes. When the value is less than 75/0.95, the value is represented by -/-. The tree is rooted to Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (CBS 631.94) and P. vibratile (CBS 117115). The new collections are in bold (Fig. 1).

Figure 1.

The Maximum Likelihood (RAxML) tree, based on a combined dataset of ITS, LSU and tef1 sequences. Bootstrap support values for Maximum Likelihood (ML, left) equal to or greater than 75% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BY, right), equal to or greater than 0.95, are indicated at the nodes. When the value is less than 75/0.95, the value is represented by -/-. The tree is rooted to Phaeoacremonium vibratile (CBS 117115) and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (CBS 631.94). The new collections are in bold. MH780882 (tef sequence of Coryneum heveanum) cannot be used in Phylogenetic analyses due to the abnormal Phylogenetic tree.

Taxon treatments

Coryneum septemseptatum C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma, sp. nov.

MycoBank 844574

Materials Download as CSV

Holotype:

scientificName:
Coryneum septemseptatum
; acceptedNameUsage:
Coryneum septemseptatum C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma, 2021, sp. nov
; parentNameUsage:
Coryneum Nees 1816
; kingdom:
fungi
; phylum:
Ascomycota
; class:
Sordariomycetes
; order:
Diaporthales
; family:
Coryneaceae
; taxonRank:
species
; verbatimTaxonRank:
species
; genus:
Coryneaceae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Guizhou
; county:
Luodian county
; locality:
Daxiaojing Forest Park
; verbatimElevation:
562 m
; locationRemarks:
label transliteration："Guizhou, Daxiaojing Forest Park，2021.10.21,Long chun-sheng"[贵州罗甸县大小井森林公园，2021年10月21日，龙春升]
; verbatimCoordinates:
23.2328N, 101.2364E
; georeferenceProtocol:
label
; samplingProtocol:
collecting
; eventDate:
10/21/2021
; habitat:
decaying wood
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; type:
PhysicalObject
; language:
en
; institutionID:
KUN-HKAS 12345
; collectionID:
GMB0392
; institutionCode:
The Herbarium of Cryptogams Kunming Institute of Botany AcademiaSinica
; occurrenceID:
15C96932-06C5-5908-8A9A-309902D78913

Other material:

scientificName:
Coryneum septemseptatum
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Guizhou
; county:
Luodian county
; locality:
Daxiaojing Forest Park
; verbatimElevation:
544 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
23.8287°N, 101.4264°E
; type:
PhysicalObject
; institutionID:
KUN-HKAS 12345
; collectionID:
GMBC0393
; institutionCode:
The Herbarium of Cryptogams Kunming Institute of Botany Academia Sinica
; occurrenceID:
3ADA3585-EE9E-58A8-882A-ADDAA0B36DA2

Description

Saprobic on the surface of decaying wood (Fig. 2). Asexual morph: Colonies on natural substratum effuse, brown, hairy. Mycelium superficial and immersed, composed of branched, septate, pale brown to brown, smooth-walled hyphae. Sporodochia on natural subtrate scattered or clustered, punctiform, dark brown, 77–99 µm wide, 27–44 µm high. Conidiophores micronematous or semi-macronematous, simple, 0–3-septate, pale brown, 12–31 µm long (x̅ = 20 μm, SD = 4.8, n = 15), 2.5–4 µm wide (x̅ = 3.1 μm, SD = 0.5, n = 15). Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, integrated, terminal, indeterminate, cylindrical and hyaline, with 0–1 percurrent extensions. Conidia solitary, acrogenous, dry, ellipsoidal to broadly fusiform, 34–46 μm long (x̅ = 40 μm, SD = 3.7, n = 20), 14.5–17 μm wide (x̅ = 15.5 μm, SD = 0.9, n = 20), 7–8-septate, smooth, brown, hyaline at the top, 4.5–8.5 μm (x̅ = 5.9 μm, SD = 1.1, n = 20) wide at the truncate base. Sexual morph: Undetermined.

Figure 2.

Coryneum septemseptatum (holotype, GMB0392). A, B Conidiomata on the natural substratum; C–F Conidiogenous cells and Conidia; G Conidiophores. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C, F, G = 10 μm, D = 50 μm, E = 25 μm.

Etymology

With reference to the conidia with 7–8 septa.

Notes

Amongst the known species of Coryneum, C. betulinum Schulzer, C. gregoryi B. Sutton, C. japonicum (Sacc.) B. Sutton and C. psidii B. Sutton are similar to C. sevenseptatum in conidial shape (Senwanna et al. 2018, Shavrin and Smetana 2020). However, the conidia of C. septemseptatum have 7–8 septa which differ from those of C. betulinum (4–5-septate), C. gregoryi (5–9-septate), C. japonicum (5–7-septate) and C. psidii (5–6-septate). Both morphological and molecular data (Fig. 1) supported C. septemseptatum as a new species (Table 2).

Table 2.

Download as

CSV

XLSX

Conidial sizes and numbers of distosepta of currently accepted Coryneum species.

Species name	Conidia size (μm)	No. of distosepta	Reference
Coryneum acaciae	49-52 × 5-6	5-6	Mcalpine (1903)
Coryneum affine	20-22 x 7	7	Saccardo (1882)
Coryneum arausiacum	42–56 × 13–16	4–6	Senanayake et al. (2017)
Coryneum betulinum	31–36 × 14–17	4–5	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum berkeleyi	30 x 8	3-5	Cooke (1906)
Coryneum calophylli	38–48 × 12.5–14.5	5–6	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum canadense	45-75 x 13-15	3-5	Bubak (1916)
Coryneum carpinicola	50-68 x 8-11	7-11	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum castaneicola	56–80 × 9.5–13	5-8	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum clusiae	30–40 × 20–30	3-5	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum compactum	40–58 × 15–21	4-6	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum cesatii	80-90 x 13-15	6-7	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum cocois	40-42 x 3-4	2	Hennings (1903)
Coryneum concolor	10-11 x 4.5-5	3	Penzig (1882)
Coryneum depressum	44–53 × 19–23	4-6	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum elevatum	56-59 x 20-25	5-7	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum eriobotryae	5-9 x 5-7	1	Saccardo and Traverso (1906)
Coryneum fagi	45–75 × 10–15.5	6–12	Boonmee et al. (2021)
Coryneum foliorum	15-20 x 6-8	3	Saccardo and Traverso (1902)
Coryneum gigasporum	93–108 × 19–21	7-9	Jiang et al. (2018)
Coryneum gregoryi	32.5–43 × 12–16	5-9	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum heveanum	43–53 x 15–20	4-6	Senwanna et al. (2018)
Coryneum ilicis	82-105 × 9.5-12.5	10–11	Jiang et al. (2019)
Coryneum japonicum	45–60 × 11–12	5-7	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum lanciforme	45–53 × 16–18	4-6	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum longistipitatum	18-20 x 8-9	3	Saccardo and Traverso (1892)
Coryneum megaspermum	52-110 x 12-15	8-14	Theissen (1912)
Coryneum megaspermum var. cylindricum	100–125 × 10–13	7-8	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum modonium	50–71 × 14–19	5-8	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum neesii	68–82 × 18–22	6–8	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum pruni	14–23 × 5.5–9	4–5	Wijayawardene et al. (2016)
Coryneum psidii	25–40 × 14–17	5–6	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum pyricola	61–70 × 24–32	5–7	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum septemseptatum	34–46 × 14.5–17	7–8	This study
Coryneum quercinum	45–60 × 14–16	6–7	Muthumary and Sutton (1986)
Coryneum sinense	50–76 × 13–17	5–7	Jiang et al. (2018)
Coryneum songshanense	51–76 × 9–11.5	5–7	Jiang et al. (2019)
Coryneum stromatoideum	105–180 × 16–20	9–17	Sutton (1975)
Coryneum suttonii	60–76 × 10–14.5	4–5	Jiang et al. (2018)
Coryneum sydowianum	50–58 × 14–17	5–6	Jiang et al. (2018)
Coryneum umbonatum	57–72 × 13–16	5–7	Sutton (1975)

Phaeoisaria guizhouensis C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma, sp. nov.

MycoBank 844575

Materials Download as CSV

Holotype:

scientificName:
Phaeoisaria guizhouensis
; acceptedNameUsage:
Phaeoisaria guizhouensis C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma, 2021, sp. nov.
; taxonRemarks:
species
; parentNameUsage:
Phaeoisaria Höhn. 1909
; kingdom:
fungi
; phylum:
Ascomycota
; class:
Sordariomycetes
; order:
Pleurotheciales
; family:
Pleurotheciaceae
; verbatimTaxonRank:
species
; scientificNameAuthorship:
C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma
; continent:
Asia
; country:
china
; stateProvince:
Guizhou
; county:
Luodian County
; locality:
Daxiaojing Forest Park
; verbatimElevation:
653 m
; locationRemarks:
label transliteration:"Guizhou, Daxiaojing Forest Park, 2021.10.21,Long chun-sheng";[贵州罗甸县大小井森林公园，2021年10月21日]
; verbatimCoordinates:
23.5663N, 101.3213E
; georeferenceProtocol:
Lable
; samplingProtocol:
collecting
; eventDate:
//2021
; habitat:
decaying wood
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; language:
en
; institutionID:
KUN-HKAS 12346
; collectionID:
GMB0394
; institutionCode:
The Herbariumof Cryptogams Kunming Institute of Botany Academia Sinica
; occurrenceID:
18602EC9-B7A5-5621-B1D0-ABE14D58CE17

Other material:

scientificName:
Phaeoisaria guizhouensis
; continent:
Asia
; country:
china
; stateProvince:
Guizhou
; county:
Luodian county
; locality:
Daxiaojing Forest Park
; verbatimElevation:
541 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
23.5667°N, 101.3032°E
; collectionID:
GMB0394
; occurrenceID:
58591A4C-D09E-5853-BF69-2AA3AD86987E

Description

Saprobic on the surface of decaying wood (Fig. 3). Asexual morph: Colonies on natural substratum. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conidia solitary, acropleurogenous, 9–13 μm long (x̅ = 11.0 μm, SD = 1.9, n = 18), 1.9–3.6 μm wide (x̅ = 3.0 μm, SD = 0.6, n = 15), ellipsoidal to obovoidal, rounded at the apex, hyaline, aseptate, guttulate, smooth-walled. Sexual morph: Undetermined.

Figure 3.

Phaeoisaria guizhouensis (GMB0394). A Conidiomata on natural substratum; B, C Conidiogenous cells and conidia; D Synnema with conidiophores and conidia; E, F Conidia. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, B–F = 10 μm.

Etymology

With reference to Guizhou Province where the type specimen was found.

Notes

Phaeoisaria guizhouensis morphologically resembles P. aquatica Z. L. Luo et al. and P. pseudoclematidis D.Q. Dai & K.D. Hyde, but they differ in conidial size (6.5–7.5 × 2.5–3.5 μm for P. aquatic; 9–13 × 1.9–3.6 μm for P. guizhouensis; 5–8.5 × 3–4 μm for P. pseudoclematidis) and the conidial of P. acquatica and P. pseudoclimatidis appears around the conidiophores, but P. guizouensis only appears at the apex (Liu et al. 2015, Luo et al. 2018).

Pleurothecium yunanensis C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma, sp. nov.

MycoBank 844576

Materials Download as CSV

Holotype:

scientificName:
Pleurothecium yunanensis
; acceptedNameUsage:
Pleurothecium yunanensis C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma, 2021, sp. nov.
; taxonRemarks:
species
; parentNameUsage:
Pleurothecium Höhn. 1919
; kingdom:
Fungi
; phylum:
Ascomycota
; class:
Sordariomycetes
; order:
Pleurotheciales
; family:
Pleurotheciaceae
; taxonRank:
species
; genus:
Pleurothecium
; scientificNameAuthorship:
C.S. Long, Q.R. Li & Jian Ma
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Yunnan
; county:
Nanjian county
; locality:
Lingbaoshan National Forest Park
; verbatimElevation:
2532 m
; locationRemarks:
Labeltransliteration:"Nanjian County, Lingbaoshan National Forest Park,18/8/2021,Long Chun-Sheng";[云南省南涧县灵宝山国家森林公园,18/8/2021,龙春升]
; verbatimCoordinates:
22.7324°N, 100.4232° E
; georeferenceProtocol:
label
; samplingProtocol:
collecting
; eventDate:
18/8/2021
; habitat:
decaying wood
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; language:
en
; institutionID:
KUN-HKAS 12347
; collectionID:
GMB0396
; institutionCode:
KUN-HKAS 12347
; occurrenceID:
65AEAD76-F2A2-565F-9174-B0DB52CDA91C
scientificName:
Pleurothecium yunanensis
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Yunnan
; county:
Nanjian county
; locality:
Lingbaoshan National Forest Park
; verbatimElevation:
2567 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
22.7431N 100.4334E
; collectionID:
GMB0394
; occurrenceID:
4FC9ABFC-435F-533D-931D-15AD95398CFF

Description

Saprobic on the surface of decaying wood (Fig. 4). Asexual morph: Conidiophores 370–206 μm long (x̅ = 270.9 μm, SD = 81.8, n = 18), 9.8–4.2 μm wide (x̅ = 6.5 μm, SD = 2.1, n = 18), mononematous, unbranched, erect, straight to slightly flexuous towards the apex, single, 4–5-septate, the lower part is black and the upper one is light brown or hyaline, smooth. Conidiogenous cells 10– 14 μm long (x̅ = 12 μm, SD = 2, n = 20), 2.5–3.5 μm wide (x̅ = 3 μm, SD = 0.5, n = 20), polyblastic, integrated, terminal, sometimes becoming intercalary, sympodially elongated, denticulate, denticles narrow cylindrical, hyaline. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conidia 17–25.6 μm long (x̅ = 22.1 μm, SD =3.6, n = 25), 2.8–9 μm wide (x̅ = 7.8 μm, SD = 1.3, n = 25), solitary, acropleurogenous, half-moon, guttulate, hyaline, 2–3-septate, smooth-walled. Sexual morph: Undetermined.

Figure 4.

Pleurothecium yunnanensis (GMB0395, holotype). A, B Colonies on natural substratum; C Conidiophore; D, E Conidiogenous cells and conidia; F Conidiogenous cells; G−I Conidia. Scale bars: A=0.5 mm, B = 0.5 mm, C = 50 μm, D = 30 μm, E = 15 μm, F−I =10 μm.

Etymology

With reference to Yunnan Province where the type specimen was found.

Notes

Pleurothecium is characterisedby the distinct brown conidiophores and polyblastic, sympodially extended, densiculate conidiogenic cells (Monteiro et al. 2016). Pleurothecium yunanensis superficially resembles P. leptospermi J.A. Cooper and P. pulneyense Subram. & Bhat, but P. leptospermi differs by its smaller (15–18 × 4–5 μm vs. 17–25.6 × 2.8–9 μm) versicolored conidia with three eusepta (Cooper 2005); P. pulneyense differs by its cylindrical to fusiform, larger conidia (23–30 × 7–8.4 µm vs. 17–25.6 × 2.8–9) with three eusepta (Subramanian and Bhat 1987).

Brachysporiella pulchra (Subram.) S. Hughes, New Zeal. J. Bot. 17(2): 184 (1979)

MycoBank 555675

Material Download as CSV

scientificName:
Brachysporiella pulchra
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Yunnan
; county:
Nanjian Yi Autonomous County
; locality:
Lingbaoshan National Forest Park
; verbatimElevation:
2338 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
24.7864N, 100.4352E
; eventDate:
18/8/2021
; habitat:
on decaying wood
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; collectionID:
GMB0410
; occurrenceID:
E1A38663-4F73-5C35-9B0B-3985BFA64030

Description

Conidiophores 151–395 μm long (x̅ = 269.9 μm, SD = 65.7, n = 20), 3.6–6.5 μm wide (x̅ = 5 μm, SD = 1.0, n = 20), mononematous, erect, single, brown or dark brown, smooth. Conidiogenous cells 6–12 μm long (x̅ = 9.1 μm, SD = 2, n = 20), 2.5–3.5 μm wide (x̅ = 3 μm, SD = 0.5, n = 20) ampulliform to cylindrical, brown to dark brown, Conidia 15–20 μm long (x̅ = 17.3 μm, SD =1.4, n = 20), 7.9–12 μm wide (x̅ = 10 μm, SD = 1.2, n = 20), solitary, clavate, guttulate, truncated in base, hyaline, 3-septate, smooth-walled

Also see Hughes (1979).

Notes

Brachysporiella pulchra superficially resembles B. gayana Bat, but the conidia in B. pulchra are smaller (24–26 × 10.5–12.5 µm vs. 30–38 × 13–21.5 µm) (Li et al. 2019) and its conidiophores are branched. B. pulchra has been recorded from China, India and Japan (Gao 2016).

Brachysporiella setosa (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 72: 17(1959)

MycoBank 293842

Material Download as CSV

scientificName:
Brachysporiella setosa
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
; county:
Libo County
; locality:
unknow mountain
; verbatimElevation:
877 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
25.1203N, 107.3243E
; eventDate:
21/11/2021
; habitat:
On decaying wood
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; collectionID:
GMB0399
; occurrenceID:
8E2A7219-6507-5A85-BC9D-828B5DC7DA54

Description

Conidiophores 300–450 μm long (x̅ = 360.4 μm, SD = 30.8, n = 20), 3.6–6.5 μm wide (x̅ = 4.7 μm, SD = 0.92, n = 20), mononematous, branched in apex, erect, single, 5–7 septate, brown or dark brown, smooth. Conidiogenous cells lacking. Conidia 20–38 μm long (x̅ = 25.8 μm, SD =4.9, n = 20), 17–23 μm wide (x̅ = 18.4 μm, SD = 2.2, n = 20). Pyriform or obovoid brown or dark brown.

Also see Hughes (1958) and Ellis (1959).

Notes

This species was originally assigned to Monotospora Corda by Berk and Curtis and later was transferred to Phragmocephala E.W. Mason & S. Hughes, Monosporella S. Hughes and Monotosporella S. Hughes (Hughes 1958). Ellis (1959) transferred it to Brachysporiella Bat. as Brachysporiella setose. Gao (2016) found this species in Shunhuang Mountain, Hunan Province. This fungus is mainly distributed in South Carolina and usually found on rotten wood (Sadowski et al. 2012). B. setosa is very close to B. rhizoidea (V. Rao & de Hoog) W.P. Wu in morphology, but the conidiophores of B. setosa are shorter (140–260 × 4.5–6 μm vs. 50–80 × 4–5 μm) (Tsui et al. 2001, Sadowski et al. 2012).

Catenularia catenulata (Z.L. Luo, K.D. Hyde & H.Y. Su) Réblová & A.N.Mill., MycoKeys 81: 13 (2021)

MycoBank 839462

Material Download as CSV

scientificName:
Chaetosphaeria catenulata
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Guizhou
; county:
Libo
; locality:
LantingMountain Forest Park
; verbatimElevation:
866 m
; verbatimLatitude:
25.1203N, 107.3431E
; eventDate:
21/11/2021
; habitat:
On decaying wood
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; collectionID:
GMB0397
; occurrenceID:
A52EDDA7-0CB8-59C1-ACD4-F1651B5C5D4A

Description

Conidiophores 200–283 μm long (x̅ = 346.2 μm, SD =21.3, n = 20), 6–10 μm wide (x̅ = 7.5 μm, SD = 1.8, n = 20), cylindrical. Conidiogenous cells 21–40 μm long (x̅ = 28.5 μm, SD = 5.6, n = 20), 5.4–6.5 μm wide wide (x̅ = 6 μm, SD = 0.36, n = 20), monophialidic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical-clavate, with flared collarette. Conidia 13–15 μm long (x̅ = 14 μm, SD = 0.79, n = 20), 12–14 μm wide (x̅ = 13.2 μm, SD = 0.84, n = 20), formed in chains, aseptate, turbinate-triangular, with three blunt protruding edges at the broader distal end, hyaline to subhyaline when young, greyish-brown at maturity, smooth-walled.

Also see Réblová et al. (2021).

Notes

Chaetosphaeria catenulata was firstly reported on submerged wood on the side of Nujiang River, Yunnan Province (Luo et al. 2019). Réblová et al. (2021) transferred it to Catenularia Grove as Catenularia catenulata. Morphologically, it is similar to C. cubensis Hol.-Jech, but the latter has smaller conidia (13–15 × 12–14 μm vs. 5.5–9 × 3.5–5.5 μm) (Luo et al. 2019).

Chloridium gonytrichii (F.A. Fernández & Huhndorf) Réblová & Seifert, IMA Fungus 7(1): 134 (2016)

MycoBank 816827

Material Download as CSV

scientificName:
Chloridium gonytrichii
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Guizhou
; county:
Luodian
; locality:
Hongshui River
; verbatimElevation:
39 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
25.2239N, 106.5340E
; eventDate:
18/9/2021
; habitat:
On decaying wood
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; collectionID:
GMB0409
; occurrenceID:
619B5938-2358-5CCE-831B-AFAA7FA04C90

Description

Conidiophores 190–346 μm long (x̅ = 294.1 μm, SD = 52.6, n = 20), 4.5–6.5 µm wide (x̅ = 5.5 μm, SD = 1.8, n = 20), mononematous, single, unbranched, septate, with 3-4 whorls of phialides in the mid-section and a single phialide at the apex, dark brown and paler towards the apex. Conidiogenous cells 10–14 μm long (x̅ = 12.5 μm, SD = 52.6, n = 20), 3–4 µm wide (x̅ = 5.5 μm, SD = 3.5, n = 20), cylindrical to lageniform, phialides, producing conidia from multiple entero-blastic conidiogenous loci and phialides borne on collar hyphae around the conidiophore. Conidia 3.5–4.5 μm long (x̅ = 4 μm, SD = 1.1, n = 20), 2.5–3.0 µm wide (x̅ = 2.5 μm, SD = 1.4, n = 20), globose to subglobose, aseptate and hyaline to subhyaline.

Also see Fernández et al. (1999), Réblová et al. (2016b) and Luo et al. (2019).

Notes

This species was originally collected on decaying wood in the Caribbean national forest and described as Melanopsammella gonytrichii F.A. Fernández & Huhndorf (Fernández and Huhndorf 2005), but later it was renamed as Chloridium gonytrichii by Réblová et al. (2016b).

Dictyocheirospora rotunda M.J. D'souza, Bhat & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity: 80(1), 457-482

MycoBank 551581

Material Download as CSV

scientificName:
Dictyocheirospora rotunda
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Guizhou
; county:
Libo county
; locality:
Lanting Mountain Forest Park
; verbatimElevation:
850 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
25.1206N, 107.3298E
; eventTime:
11/21/2021
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; collectionID:
GMB040
; occurrenceID:
EB9BB9B1-B71A-54A2-93F3-392E6A6859EC

Description

Conidiophores 3–5 μm long (x̅ = 2.8 μm, SD = 0.5, n = 20), 19.5–22.5 μm wide (x̅ = 3.6 μm, SD = 0.5, n = 20), micronematous, pale brown, smooth. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, integrated, terminal, pale brown, cylindrical, smooth-walled. Conidia 49–55 μm long (x̅ = 52 μm, SD = 52.6, n = 20), 19.5–22.5 μm wide (x̅ = 21 μm, SD = 2.4, n = 20), solitary, acrogenous, cheiroid, pale brown to brown, consisting of 5–7 rows of cells, rows digitate, cylindrical, inwardly curved at the tip, arising from a basal cell euseptate, guttulate.

Also see Phukhamsakda et al. (2020).

Notes

Dictyocheirospora rotunda, the type species of Dictyocheirospora, was collected on submerged wood in freshwater from Thailand (Boonmee et al. 2016). It has been reported in Guizhou, China (Yang et al. 2018). Dictyocheirospora rotunda is similar to D. heptaspora (Garov.) M.J. D'souza, Boonmee & K.D. Hyde in morphology, but the rows of D. rotunda are not separable without manual force, whereas those of D. heptaspora are easily separable (Boonmee et al. 2016).

Diplococcium dendrocalami Goh, K.D. Hyde & Umali, Mycologia 90(3): 515 (1998)

MycoBank 443599

Material Download as CSV

scientificName:
Diplococcium dendrocalami
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Guizhou
; county:
Guiyang
; locality:
Guizhou Medical University Campus
; verbatimElevation:
1199 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26.5921N, 106.7143E
; eventDate:
15/9/2021
; habitat:
On decaying wood
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; collectionID:
GMB0404
; occurrenceID:
5BA2D587-84EB-502E-B734-32CCAC974E59

Description

Conidiophores 211–345.6 μm long (x̅ = 52.3 μm, SD = 52.3 n = 20), 4.4–9.5 µm wide (x̅ = 7.1 μm, SD = 2.1, n = 20), unbranched, erect, straight, attenuated, distinctly 5-8-septate, thick-walled, medium yellowish-brown, uniform in colour. Conidiogenous cells 120–280 μm long (x̅ = 199.1 μm, SD = 52.9, n = 20), 10–12 µm wide (x̅ = 10.8 μm, SD = 1.8, n = 20), integrated, polytretic with pores 0.8–1 μm diam., terminal and intercalary. Conidia 49–55 μm long (x̅ = 52 μm, SD = 5.2, n = 20), 19.5–22.5 μm wide (x̅ = 21 μm, SD = 3, n = 20), solitary, acrogenous, cheiroid, pale brown to brown, consisting of 5–7 rows of cells, rows digitate, cylindrical, inwardly curved at the tip, arising from a basal cell, without appendages, with each row composed of 8–12 cells, euseptate, guttulate, slightly constricted at septa.

Also see Goh et al. (1998) and Xia et al. (2017).

Notes

Diplococcium dendrocalami was firstly introduced in the culms of Dendrocalamus sp. in the Philippines (Goh et al. 1998) and later was found in Chongqing, China (Xia et al. 2017). Diplococcium dendrocalami is similar to D. clavariarum (Desm.) Hol.-Jech in morphology, but the conidiophores of D. clavariarum are branched and slender (10–12 µm vs. 3.5–6 µm) (Goh et al. 1998).

Endophragmiella curvata (Corda) S. Hughes, New Zeal. J. Bot. 17(2): 148(1979)

MycoBank 313581

Material Download as CSV

scientificName:
Endophragmiella curvata
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Guizhou
; county:
Guiyang
; locality:
Guiyang Forest Park
; verbatimElevation:
1190 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26.5702N, 106.7108E
; eventDate:
25/9/2021
; habitat:
On decaying wood
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; collectionID:
GMB0407
; occurrenceID:
A160A11E-BDCF-5472-B720-D322C6180316

Description

Conidiophores 37–66 μm long (x̅ = 52 μm, SD = 11.3, n = 20), 2.5–4.8 µm wide (x̅ = 3.1 μm, SD = 0.7, n = 20), macronematous, mononematous, single, unbranched, erect, straight or flexuous, septate, smooth, brown. Conidiogenous cells 3.6–5.6 μm long (x̅ = 4.4 μm, SD = 0.3, n = 20), 2.5–4.8 µm wide (x̅ = 3.6 μm, SD = 0.3, n = 20), monoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, smooth, brown to pale brown. Conidia 14.5–21 μm long (x̅ = 17.8 μm, SD = 3.3, n = 20), 6–7.5 µm wide (x̅ = 6.7 μm, SD = 0.5, n = 20), holoblastic, solitary, acrogenous, dry, clavate, smooth, lower two cells brown, apical cell pale brown, 2-septate.

Also see Hughes (1979) and Ma (2012).

Notes

Endophragmiella curvata has been found on dead branches from Guangdong Province, China (Ma 2012). Morphologically, E. curvata is similar to E. novae-zelandiae S. Hughes (Hughes 1979), but the conidia of E. novae-zelandiae are larger than those of E. curvata (27–40 × 9.3–12.6 µm vs.14.5–21 × 6–7.5 µm) and the E. novae-zelandiae also has two septa conidia (Hughes 1979).

Hemicorynespora clavata (Corda) S. Hughes, New Zeal. J. Bot. 17(2): 148(1979)

MycoBank 510760

Material Download as CSV

scientificName:
Hemicorynespora clavata
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Guizhou
; municipality:
Guiyang
; locality:
Guizhou Medical University Campus
; verbatimElevation:
1123 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26.5231N, 106.7163E
; eventTime:
15/9/2021
; habitat:
On decaying wood
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; collectionID:
GMB0405
; occurrenceID:
93225A11-2AB4-5DAB-900A-620C60B6C12A

Description

Conidiophores 110–140 μm long (x̅ = 127.9 μm, SD =10, n = 20), 2.5–4.5 µm wide (x̅ = 2.9 μm, SD = 1.9, n = 20), macronematous, mononematous, single, unbranched, erect, straight or flexuous, septate, smooth, brown. Conidiogenous cells 12–13 μm long (x̅ = 12.4 μm, SD =0.34, n = 20), 3–4 µm wide (x̅ = 2.9 μm, SD = 0.4, n = 20), monoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, smooth, brown, percurrently proliferating. Conidia 12–17 μm long (x̅ = 14.1 μm, SD = 2.8, n = 20), 2–5 µm wide (x̅ = 3.4 μm, SD = 1.1, n = 20) holoblastic, solitary, acrogenous, dry, clavate, smooth, lower two cells brown, apical cell pale brown, 2–septate.

Also see Delgado et al. (2007).

Notes

Delgado et al. (2007) originally described this species on the stems of dead liana in Cuba and later Ma (2012) discovered it on dead branches in China. It superficially resembles Hemicorynespora fusispora, but the latter has spindle to inverted rods and longer conidia (12–20 µm vs. 15–30 µm) and its conidiogenous cells are shorter than those of H. clavata (12.5–21 vs. 15–18 µm) (Delgado et al. 2007).

Kylindria excentrica Bhat & B. Sutton, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 84(4): 728 (1985)

MycoBank 105413

Material Download as CSV

scientificName:
Kylindria excentrica
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Guizhou
; county:
Libo county
; verbatimElevation:
875 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
25.1205N, 107.3634E
; eventDate:
11/21/2021
; habitat:
on decaying wood
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; collectionID:
GMB0398
; occurrenceID:
C1A8F2EF-0EC1-5EDB-B7AD-6279AD758FF5

Description

Conidiophores 200–350 μm long (x̅ = 280.6 μm, SD = 45, n = 20), 7–10 µm wide (x̅ = 8.6 μm, SD = 1.9, n = 20), mononematous, erect, simple, straight or flexuous, thick-walled, dark brown, paler towards the apex, 8–10 septate. Conidiogenous cells 48.5–60 μm long (x̅ = 53.5 μm, SD = 3.9, n = 20), 9–12 µm wide (x̅ = 10.2 μm, SD = 1.3, n = 20), with a narrow cytoplasmic channel and marked periclinal thickening in the upper quarter, lacking a collarette, proliferating enteroblastically to produce successive conidia at the same level. Conidia 21.5–40 μm long (x̅ = 29.3 μm, SD = 6.8, n = 20), 7.5–10 µm wide (x̅ = 8.2 μm, SD = 0.5, n = 20), holoblastic, solitary, accumulating in translucent slimy masses at the apices of conidiogenous, cylindrical, obtuse at the apex, slightly tapered towards the truncate base, hyaline, 3–euseptate, smooth, eguttulate.

Also see Bhat and Sutton (1985) and Xia et al. (2013).

Notes

Kylindria excentrica was firstly found on rotten wood in Ethiopia (Bhat and Sutton 1985). Kylindria excentrica is similar to K. millettiae Y.D. Zhang & X.G. Zhang in morphology, but differs markedly in conidial dimensions (19.5–24 × 6.5–9 μm vs. 27.5–35 × 7.5–8.5 μm) (Zhang et al. 2010). In addition, K. excentrica has a lateral flat scar in the conidial base, whereas those of K. millettiae have a lateral flat scar in the excentric (Zhang et al. 2010).

Neohelicosporium griseum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Y.Z. Lu & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 92: 241 (2018)

MycoBank GMB0412

Material Download as CSV

Holotype:

scientificName:
Neohelicosporium griseum
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Yunnan
; county:
Nanjian Yi Autonomous County
; locality:
Lingbaoshan National Forest Park
; verbatimElevation:
2418 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
24.7342N, 100.4234E
; eventTime:
18/8/2021
; habitat:
on decaying wood
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; collectionID:
GMB0412
; occurrenceID:
308A8DB4-3FA1-502F-B26E-7F5F12FE9F90

Description

Conidiophores 3.5–4 µm diam. (x̅ = 3.6 μm, SD =1.2, n = 20), arising from a dark repent mycelium, more or less erect, dark brown, septate, irregularly branched, often forming a loop and network by anastomosing. Conidiogenous cells 1–1.5 µm long (x̅ = 1.3 μm, SD = 0.6, n = 20), 0.5–1 µm wide (x̅ = 0.8 μm, SD = 0.5, n = 20), holoblastic, monoblastic, integrated, intercalary or terminal, denticulate; denticles on the lower parts of conidiophores or directly arising on lateral of creeping fertile hyphae. Conidia diameter of coiled spores 12–15 µm (x̅ = 14.1 μm, SD =1.9, n = 20), pleurogenous, borne singly on minute hyaline sporogenous teeth, hyaline, tightly coiled 2½–3¼ times, indistinctly 18-20 septate.

Also see Lu et al. (2018).

Notes

Goos (1989) classified Helicosporium cinereum Peck, H. leptosporum Sacc. and H. lumbricoides Sacc. as H. griseum. Lu et al. (2018) placed H. griseum and H. lumbricoides in Neohelicosporium Y.Z. Lu, J.C. Kang & K.D. Hyde as N. griseum, based on phylogenetic analysis. Neohelicosporium ovoideum Y.Z. Lu et al. and N. griseum are similar in morphology, but the conidium of N. ovoideum has fewer curls (3–4 vs. 2–3) (Lu et al. 2018).

Phaeoisaria guttulata J. Yang & K.D. Hyde, Mycosphere 9(2): 401 (2018)

MycoBank 554233

Material Download as CSV

Holotype:

scientificName:
Phaeoisaria guttulata
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Guizhou
; county:
Sandu Autonomous County
; locality:
Yaorenshan National Forest Park
; verbatimElevation:
632 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26.5535N, 106.7533E
; eventDate:
9/9/2021
; habitat:
on decaying wood
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; collectionID:
GMB0402
; occurrenceID:
2041B2E4-5BBA-5C4F-8136-70A7BEDE99A4

Description

Conidiophores 480–520 μm long (x̅ = 280.6 μm, SD =4 5, n = 20), 2–5 µm wide (x̅ = 3.7 μm, SD = 1.3, n = 20) macronematous, synnematous, erect, septate, smooth, mid-brown to dark brown. Conidiogenous cells 14.5–35.9 μm long (x̅ = 26.6 μm, SD = 4.4, n = 20), 1.6–3.8 μm wide (x̅ = 3.0 μm, SD = 0.6, n = 20) integrated, terminal, polyblastic, pale brown to hyaline, sympodial, splaying out with one to several denticulate conidiogenous cells loci. Conidia 3.5–5.5 μm long (x̅ = 4.5 μm, SD =1.1, n = 20), 2.5–4.8 µm wide (x̅ = 3.5 μm, SD =1.4, n = 20), globose to obovoid, hyaline, smooth-walled, guttulate, aseptate.

Also see Hyde et al. (2018).

Notes

This species was originally discovered on decaying wood in Guizhou Province, China (Hyde et al. 2018). It is similar to P. clavulata (Grove) E. W. Mason & S. Hughes in conidial shape, but the latter has smaller globose conidia (3.5–5.5 µm vs. 1–2 µm) (Révay 1985, Hyde et al. 2018).

Phragmocephala atra (Berk. & Broome) E.W. Mason & S. Hughes, Naturalist: 97 (1951)

MycoBank 303243

Material Download as CSV

Holotype:

scientificName:
Phragmocephala atra
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Guizhou
; municipality:
Guiyang
; locality:
Guiyang Forest Park
; verbatimElevation:
1187 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26.5723N, 106.7432E
; eventTime:
9/9/2021
; habitat:
On decaying wood
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; collectionID:
GMB0406
; occurrenceID:
4FC3FA5F-FE62-5C51-8700-C051B063DE42

Description

Conidiophores 128–157 μm long (x̄ = 142.5 µm, SD = 14.5, n = 20), 6.5–8.5 μm wide (x̄ = 7.5 µm, SD = 1, n = 20), synnematous, macronematous, septate, unbranched or branched, erect, dark brown at the base, pale brown at fertile, flared apex, sometimes proliferating, 5–8-septate. Conidiogenous cells 37–44 μm long (x̄ = 37.3 µm, SD = 2.1 µm, n = 20), 2.3–4 μm wide (x̄ = 2.5 µm, SD = 1.3 µm, n = 20), monoblastic, terminal, integrated, elongated, pale brown, often separating from the conidium through a break or frill below the base of conidium. Conidia 30–35 μm long (x̄ = 32.5 µm, SD = 2.5 µm, n = 20), 16–19 μm wide (x̄ = 17.5 µm, SD = 1.5 µm, n = 20), 4–septate, ellipsoidal to subglobose, dark brown, pale brown at apical and basal cells, with dark brown to black central cells, with a thick dark band on the central septum; smooth, rounded at apex, truncate at base, sometimes released with part of conidiogenous cell.

Also see Mason and Hughes (1951).

Notes

Phragmocephala atra is the type species of Phragmocephala, which is characterised by the dark brown to black central cells (Mason and Hughes 1951, Su et al. 2015). Phragmocephala atra has been reported in Yunnan Province, China (Su et al. 2015).

Cryptophiale udagawae Piroz. & Ichinoe, Can. J. Bot. 46: 1126 (1968)

MycoBank 329371

Material Download as CSV

scientificName:
Cryptophiale udagawae
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Guizhou
; county:
Luodian County
; locality:
Hongshui river
; verbatimElevation:
399 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
25.2239N, 106.5349E
; eventDate:
18/9/2021
; habitat:
on decaying wood
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; collectionID:
GMB0408
; occurrenceID:
F7EFF95D-CA2D-566D-A743-FAC90D454F35

Description

Conidiophores 97–120 μm long (x̄ = 99.7 µm, SD = 8.3, n = 20), 4.5–9 μm wide (x̄ = 6.2 µm, SD = 1.3, n = 20), straight or flexuous, septate, smooth, brown, with 3-4 branches at the apex. Conidiogenous cells 39–46 μm long (x̄ = 42.1 µm, SD = 4.0, n = 20), 7.6–12 μm wide (x̄ = 8.7 µm, SD = 2.4, n = 20) enteroblastic, phialidic, obscured by a shield of sterile cells. Conidia solitary, 1–septate, falcate, simple, smooth, hyaline, produced in slimy masses, 15.5–18 μm long (x̄ = 16.4 µm, SD = 1, n = 20), 1.2–1.4 μm wide (x̄ =1.3 µm, SD = 1.1, n = 20), solitary, 1–septate, falcate, simple, smooth, hyaline, produced in slimy masses.

Also see Pirozynski (1968).

Notes

Pirozynski (1968) described the species from fallen leaves in Japan. Ma et al. (2010) and Yang et al. (2019) discovered the species in China. Cryptophiale udagawae shows a variable number of branches in the conidiophore. There are 1–3 branches on C. udagawae in Pirozynski (1968), three in Matsushima (1971), 5–8 in Mercado-Sierra et al. (1997) and three in our specimen.

Ellisembia brachypus (Ellis & Everh.) Subram., Proc. Indian natn Sci. Acad., Part B. Biol. Sci. 58(4): 183 (1992)

MycoBank 306280

Material Download as CSV

scientificName:
Ellisembia brachypus
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Guizhou
; municipality:
Guiyang
; locality:
Guizhou Medical University Campus
; verbatimElevation:
1217 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26.5943°N, 106.734513°E
; eventDate:
15/9/2021
; habitat:
on decaying woo
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; collectionID:
GMB0401
; occurrenceID:
8AE6F3F9-5C0F-533E-BB66-C60F6DECAD67

Description

Conidiophores 86–114 μm long (x̄ = 100 µm, SD = 5.3, n = 20), 5–7 μm wide (x̄ = 100 µm, SD = 5.3, n = 20) macronematous, mononematous, solitary, erect, unbranched, 7–9 septate, straight or flexuous, percurrently growing, dark brown, smooth. Conidiogenous cells 5–7 μm long (x̄ = 5.3 µm, SD = 2.2, n = 20), 4–5 μm long (x̄ = 4.8 µm, SD = 2.4, n = 20), monoblastic, integrated, terminal, dark brown. Conidia 45–63 μm long (x̄ = 54 µm, SD = 5.3, n = 20), 13–17 μm wide (x̄ = 15 µm, SD = 2.3, n = 20), acrogenous, solitary, ovoid to fusiform, 5–6-pseudoseptate, truncate at base, with a short and hyaline rostrate tip at apex, brown, smooth-walled.

Also see Hughes (1958) and Luo et al. (2019).

Notes

Ellisembia brachypus was firstly reported as Sporidesmium branchypus in Shiwaliks (Prasher and Singh 2014) and previously collected on dead branches of Moringa aoleifera Lam. in Kerela and Rajasthan (Bilgrami et al. 1991, Jamaludeen et al. 2004). Later, it was found in Yunnan, China (Luo et al. 2019).

Vanakripa menglensis D.M. Hu, L. Cai, K.D. Hyde, Sydowia 62(2): 199(2010)

MycoBank 518634

Material Download as CSV

scientificName:
Vanakripa menglensis
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Yunnan
; county:
Nanjian Yi Autonomous County
; locality:
Lingbaoshan National Forest Park
; verbatimElevation:
2231 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
24.7861N, 100.4846E
; eventDate:
18/8/2021
; habitat:
on decaying wood
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; identifiedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; collectionID:
GMB0411
; occurrenceID:
609FEB39-B6F6-59E8-B300-07FE401FC962

Description

Conidiophores 7.5–8.3 μm long (x̄ =7.9 µm, SD = 3.2, n = 20), 2.5–3 µm wide (x̄ = 2.6 µm, SD = 2, n = 20), micronematous, hypha-like, cylindrical, aseptate, simple or sparsely branched, smooth, hyaline. Conidiogenous cells 20–40 μm long (x̄ =34.2 µm, SD = 4.3, n = 20), 4–6 µm wide (x̄ = 5.3 µm, SD = 2.3, n = 20), hyaline, clavate to vermiform. Conidia 17–23 μm long (x̄ = 20.4 µm, SD = 4.1, n = 20), 8–13 µm wide (x̄ = 11.3 µm, SD = 3.3, n = 20), acrogenous, solitary, clavate to obpyriform, smooth, brown to dark brown, aseptate.

Also see Hu et al. (2010).

Notes

The genus Vanakripa was originally established by Bhat and Kendrick (1993). So far, ten epithets for Vanakripa are listed in Index Fungorum (1 June 2022). Vanakripa menglensis is distinguished by its clavate to obpyriform conidia (Hu et al. 2010). V. menglensis has been reported from Yunnan Province, China (Hu et al. 2010).

Sporidesmium conversum W.P. Wu, Fungal Diversity Res. Ser. 15: 27(2005).

MycoBank 356332

Material Download as CSV

Holotype:

scientificName:
Sporidesmium conversum
; continent:
Asia
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Guizhou
; municipality:
Guiyang
; locality:
Guizhou Medical University Campus
; verbatimElevation:
1207 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26.3967N, 106.7161E
; eventDate:
15/9/2021
; habitat:
on decaying wood
; recordedBy:
Chun-Sheng Long
; identifiedBy:
ChunSheng Long, Qi-Rui Li & Jian Ma
; collectionID:
GMB0403
; occurrenceID:
B43EED21-3E28-5941-9C29-64A4C7DFA7C8

Description

Conidiophores 37–50 μm long (x̄ = 42.2 µm, SD = 4.6, n = 20), 5–6.8 µm wide (x̄ = 5.9 µm, SD = 0.6, n = 20), macronematous, mononematous, solitary, erect, unbranched, 1–3 septate. Conidiogenous cells 10–12 μm long (x̄ =10.8 µm, SD =0.5, n = 20), 4-5 μm long (x̄ = 4.8 µm, SD = 2.4, n = 20), monoblastic, integrated, terminal, dark brown. Conidia 36–52 μm long (x̄ = 36.6 µm, SD = 12.7, n = 20), 8–10 μm wide (x̄ = 9.4 µm, SD = 2.5, n = 20), acrogenous, solitary, clavate to broadly fusiform, 5–6 septate, with a short and hyaline rostrate tip at apex, brown, smooth-walled.

Also see Wu (2005).

Notes

Wu (2005) firstly described this specis from China. Species similar to S. conversum, that produce conidia with barrel- to ampoule-shaped layers and inverted rod to spindle-shaped conidia include S. australiense M.B. Ellis, S. clarki P.M. Kirk, S. hamatum M.B. Ellis, S. pedunculatum (Peck) M.B. Ellis, S. rubi M. B. Ellis and S. uapacae M.B. Ellis (Wu and Zhuang 2008). The difference between S. conversum and all these species is that the conidial apex in S. conversum has cap-like and conical mucinous appendages (Wu and Zhuang 2008).

Analysis

Discussion

Many genera of hyphomycetes were found in Karst areas, such as Acrogenospora M.B. Ellis, Craspedodidymum Hol.-Jech, Corynesporopsis P.M. Kirk, Dactylella Grove, Dendryphiopsis S. Hughes, Digitoramispora R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Kendr., Diplocladiella G. Arnaud, Endophragmiella B. Sutton, Elegantimyces Goh, C.K.M. Tsui & K.D. Hyde, Exosporium Link, Gangliostilbe Subram. & Vittal, Helminthosporium Link, Heteroconium Petr., Microclava F. Stevens, Monodictys S. Hughes, Mucispora Jing Yang, Bhat & K.D.Hyde, Phalangispora Nawawi & J. Webster, Phragmocephala E.W. Mason & S. Hughes, Repetophragma Subram., Spadicoides S. Hughes, Sympodioplanus R.C. Sinclair & Boshoff, Synnemacrodictys W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones, Tretospeira Piroz. and Ulocladium Preuss (Gao et al. 1997, Zhao and Li 1997, Wang et al. 2008, Yang et al. 2012, Li et al. 2017, Li et al. 2014, Li et al. 2019, Guo et al. 2019). Through the investigation of Zhang (2012), 4000 samples were collected in China including Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces. Here, nineteen species on decaying wood were recorded from south China including Karst areas. However, after many attempts, we only obtained a very small amount of pure cultures.

After consulting the relevant literature and our experimental experience, the authors found that numerous hyphomycetes occurring on wood cannot be cultured which led to lack of DNA sequences, resulting in confusion in identification and classification (Réblová et al. 2016a). For example, Chloridium gonytrichii was originally considered as the genus Melanopsammella, based on its morphology (Fernández and Huhndorf 2005). However, Crous et al. (2012) confirmed that M. gonytrichii was more closely related to Chloridium according to its phylogenetic analyses. Most conidia are difficult to germinate on artificial medium (Rousseau and Halvorson 1969, Zhu et al. 2016, Wijayawardene et al. 2021). Therefore, the identification of hyphomycetes, based on DNA sequences, is limited (Zhang 2018). Direct DNA extraction would be the solution (Wijayawardene et al. 2021). However, there are also some problems with direct DNA extraction methods. The requirements for picking a small number of conidia or mycelium are relatively high. For some species with smaller conidia and fewer hyphae on the substrate, especially those with colourless or hyaline conidia, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient amount of material for direct DNA extraction. Moreover, it is often difficult to amplify the protein gene when the directly extracted DNA is amplified by PCR.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32000009 and 31960005); the Fund of the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province ([2020]1Y059); Guizhou Province Ordinary Colleges and Universities Youth Science and Technology Talent Growth Project [2021]154.

References

Bhat DJ, Sutton BC (1985)

Some ‘phialidic’ hyphomycetes from Ethiopia

Transactions of the British Mycological Society

(

723

‑

730

. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(85)80130-3

Bhat DJ, Kendrick B (1993)

Twenty-five new conidial fungi from the western ghats and the andaman islands (India)

Mycotaxon

‑

Bilgrami KS, Jamalludin S, Rizwi AM (1991)

Fungi of India

Today and tomorrow’s printers and Publishers

New Delhi

798

pp.

Boonmee S, MJ D, Luo Z, Pinruan U, Tanaka K, Su H, Bhat JD, McKenzie EH, Jones EB, Taylor JE, Phillips AJ, Hirayama K, Eungwanichayapant PD, Hyde KD (2016)

Dictyosporiaceae fam. nov.

Fungal Diversity

457

‑

482

. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0363-z

Boonmee S, Wanasinghe DN, Calabon MS, Huanraluek N, Chandrasiri SK, Jones G, et al. (2021)

Fungal diversity notes 1387-1511: Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa

Fungal Diversity

111

‑

335

. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00489-3

Boonyuen N, Chuaseeharonnachai C, Nuankaew S, Kwantong P, Pornputtapong N, Suwannarach N, Jones EB, Somrithipol S (2021)

Novelties in Fuscosporellaceae (Fuscosporellales): Two new Parafuscosporella from Thailand revealed by morphology and phylogenetic analyses

Diversity

(

517

. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13110517

Bubak F (1916)

Einige neue oder kritische Pilze aus Kanada

Hedwigia

‑

Capella-Gutiérrez S, Silla-Martínez JM, Gabaldón T (2009)

trimAl: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses

Bioinformatics

(

1972

‑

1973

. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp348

Choi YW, Hyde KD, Ho WH (1999)

Single spore isolation of fungi

Fungal Diversity

‑

Cooke MC (1906)

Fungoid pests of cultivated plants

Spottiswoode

London

197

pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32369

Cooper JA (2005)

New Zealand hyphomycete fungi: additional records, new species, and notes on interesting collections

New Zealand Journal of Botany

(

323

‑

349

. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2005.9512957

Crous PW, Verkley GJ, Christensen M, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Groenewald JZ (2012)

How important are conidial appendages?

Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi

(

126

‑

137

. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158512X652624

Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Burgess TI, et al. (2017)

Fungal Planet description sheets: 625-715

Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi

270

. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2017.39.11

Crous PW, Osieck ER, Jurjevi Ž, et al. (2021)

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284-1382

Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi

(

178

‑

374

. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.06

Delgado G, Mercado SA, Mena J, Guarro J (2007)

Hemicorynespora clavata, a new hyphomycete (anamorphic fungi) from Cuba

Cryptogamie, Mycologie

‑

Dong W, Wang B, Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, Raja HA, Tanaka K, Abdel-Wahab MA, Abdel-Aziz FA, Doilom M, Phookamsak R, Hongsanan S, Wanasinghe N, Yu XD, Wang GN, Yang Х, Yang J, Thambugala KM, Tian Q, Luo ZL, Yang JB, N. Miller AN, Fournier J, Boonmee S, Hu DM, Nalumpang S, Zhang H (2020)

Freshwater dothideomycetes

Fungal Diversity

105

319

‑

575

. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00463-5

Ellis MB (1959)

Clasterosporium and some allied dematiaceae-phragmosporae. II

Mycological Papers

‑

Fernández FA, Lutzoni FM, Huhndorf SM (1999)

Teleomorph-anamorph connections: The new pyrenomycetous genus Carpoligna and its Pleurothecium anamorph

Mycologia

251

‑

262

. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061015

Fernández FA, Huhndorf SM (2005)

New species of Chaetosphaeria, Melanopsammella and Tainosphaeria gen. nov. from the Americas

Fungal Diversity

‑

Gao JM (2016)

Taxonomic studies on fallen dead wood dematiaceous hyphomycetes from six provinces in China

Gao, J.M.

pp.

Gao RH, Liu XZ, Lei LP, Li TF (1997)

Dactylella attenuata sp. nov. and Dactylaria fusiformis from Yunnan province, China

Mycologia

(

521

‑

523

. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1997.12026811

Glez-Peña D, Gómez-Blanco D, Reboiro-Jato M, Fdez-Riverola F, Posada D (2010)

ALTER: program-oriented conversion of DNA and protein alignments

Nucleic Acids Research

(

Suppl. 2

‑

. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq321

Goh TK, Hyde KD, Umali TE (1998)

Two new species of Diplococcium from the tropics

Mycologia

514

‑

517

. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1998.12026936

Gönczöl J, Révay Á (2003)

Treehole fungal communities: aquatic, aero-aquatic and dematiaceous hyphomycetes

Fungal Diversity

‑

Goos RD (1989)

On the anamorph genera Helicosporium and Drepanospora

Mycologia

(

356

‑

374

. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1989.12025759

Gulis V, Suberkropp K (2003)

Effect of inorganic nutrients on relative contributions of fungi and bacteria to carbon flow from submerged decomposing leaf litter

Microbial Ecology

(

‑

. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-002-1032-1

Guo JS, Zhang Z, Qiao M, Yu ZF (2019)

Phalangispora sinensis sp. nov. from Yunnan, China and two new members of Wiesneriomycetaceae

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

(

3217

‑

3223

. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003612

Hennings P (1903)

Fungi Africae orientalis III.

Engler, Botanische Jahrbücher

‑

Hillis DM, Bull JJ (1993)

An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis

Systematic Biology

182

‑

192

. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/42.2.182

Hoffmann A, Hering D (2000)

Wood‐associated macroinvertebrate fauna in central European streams

International Review of Hydrobiology

(

‑

. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2632(200003)85:1<25::AID-IROH25>3.0.CO;2-R

Höhnel FV (1909)

Fragmente zur Mykologie (VI. Mitteilung, Nr. 182 bis 288)

118

(

182

275

‑

452

Höhnel FV (1919)

Fünfte vorläufige Mitteilung mycologischer Ergebnisse (Nr. 399–500).

Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft

153

‑

161

. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1919.tb07337.x

Hosaka K, Bates ST, Beever RE, Castellano MA, Colgan I, Dominguez LS, Nouhra ER, Geml J, Giachini AJ, Kenney SR, Simpson NB, Spatafbra JW, Trappe JM (2006)

Molecular phylogenetics of the gomphoid-phalloid fungi with an establishment of the new subclass Phallomycetidae and two new orders

Mycologia

949

‑

959

. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832624

Hu DM, Cai L, Chen H, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD (2010)

Four new freshwater fungi associated with submerged wood from Southwest Asia

Sydowia

191

‑

203

Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F (2001)

MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees

Bioinformatics

(

754

‑

755

. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754

Hughes SJ (1958)

Revisiones hyphomycetum aliquot cum appendice de nominibus rejiciendis

Canadian Journal of Botany

(

727

‑

836

. https://doi.org/10.1139/b58-067

Hughes SJ (1979)

Relocation of species of Endophragmia auct. with notes on relevant generic names

New Zealand Journal of Botany

(

139

‑

188

. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1979.10426887

Hyde KD, Norphanphoun C, Abreu VP, et al. (2017)

Fungal diversity notes 603–708: taxonomic and phylogenetic notes on genera and species.

Fungal Diversity

‑

235

. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0391-3

Hyde KD, Chaiwan N, Norphanphoun C, Boonmee S, Camporesi E, Chethana KW, Dayarathne M, Silva N, Dissanayake AJ, Ekanayaka AH, Hongsanan S, Huang SK, Jayasiri SC, Jayawardena RS, Jiang HB, Karunarathna A, Lin CG, Liu JK, Liu NG, Lu YZ, Luo ZL, Maharachchimbura SS, Manawasinghe IS, Pem D, Perera RH, Phukhamsakda C, Samarakoon MC, Senwanna C, Shang QJ, Tennakoon DS, Thambugala KM, Tibpromma S, Wanasinghe DN, Xiao YP, Yang J, Zeng XY, Zhang ZF, Zhang SN, Bulgakov TS, Bhat DJ, Cheewangkoon R, Goh TK, Jones EB, Kang JC, Jeewon R, Liu ZY, Lumyong S, Kuo CH, McKenzie EH, Wen TC, Yan JY, Zhao Q (2018)

Mycosphere notes 169-224

Mycosphere

271

‑

430

. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/9/2/8

Jamaludeen S, Goswami MG, Ojha BM (2004)

Fungi of india (1989–2001)

Scientific Publishers (India)

308

pp.

Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, S W, Wang S, et al. (2023)

Fungal diversity notes 1512–1610: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa

Fungal Diversity

‑

272

Jiang N, Voglmayr H, Tian C (2018)

New species and records of Coryneum from China

Mycologia

110

(

1172

‑

1188

. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1516969

Jiang N, Voglmayr H, Tian CM (2019)

Morphology and phylogeny reveal two novel Coryneum species from China

MycoKeys

‑

. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.56.35554

Katoh K, Standley DM (2013)

MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability

Molecular Biology and Evolution

(

772

‑

780

. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010

Kurniawati E, Zhang H, Chukeatirote E, Sulistyowati L, Moslem MA, Hyde KD (2010)

Diversity of freshwater ascomycetes in freshwater bodies at Amphoe Mae chan, chiang Rai

Cryptogamie Mycologie

323

‑

331

Liu JK, Hyde KD, Jones EB, Ariyawansa HA, Bhat DJ, Boonmee S, Maharachchikumbura SS, McKenzie EH, Phookamsak R, Phukhamsakda C, Shenoy BD, Abdel-Wahab MA, Buyck B, Chen J, Chethana KW, Singtripop C, Dai DQ, Dai YC, Daranagama DA, Dissanayake AJ, Doilom M, D’souza MJ, Fan XL, Goonasekara ID, Hirayama K, Hongsanan S, Jayasiri SC, Jayawardena RS, Karunarathna SC, Li WJ, Mapook A, Norphanphoun C, Pang KL, Perera RH, Peršoh D, Pinruan U, Senanayake IC, Somrithipol S, Suetrong S, Tanaka K, Thambugala KM, Tian Q, Tibpromma S, Udayanga D, Wijayawardene NN (2015)

Fungal diversity notes 1-110: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species

Fungal Diversity

‑

197

. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0324-y

Liu Y, Xu GP, Yan XY, Chen MH, Gao Y, Hu DM, Zhai ZJ (2022)

Phaeoisaria laianensis (Pleurotheciales, Pleurotheciaceae), a new species from freshwater habitats in China

ARPHA Preprints

https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e94201

Li XX, Xiao ZJ, Zhang R, Ran LX (2014)

A preliminary study of dematiaceous hyphomycetes from decomposed branches in Guizhou Provice

Hubei Agricultural Science

(

. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0439-8114.2014.14.013

Li XX, Xiao ZJ, Wen D, Liang D (2017)

Six provincial newly recorded species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes in Guizhou

Hubei Agricultural Science

(

1657

‑

1661

. https://doi.org/10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.09.014

Li XX, Xiao Z, LIU T, Lu ZZ, Song PY (2019)

Ten provincial newly recorded species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes in Chishui River Basin, Guizhou

Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

(

1153

‑

1162

. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.06.017

Luo ZL, Hyde KD, Bhat DJ, Jeewon R, Maharachchikumbura SS, Bao DF, Li WL, Su XJ, Yang XY, Su HY (2018)

Morphological and molecular taxonomy of novel species Pleurotheciaceae from freshwater habitats in Yunnan, China

Mycological Progress

(

511

‑

530

. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1377-6

Luo ZL, Hyde KD, Liu JK, Maharachchikumbura SS, Jeewon R, Bao DF, Bhat DJ, Lin CG, Li WL, Yang J, Liu NG, Lu YZ, Jayawardena RS, Li JF, Su HY (2019)

Freshwater Sordariomycetes

Fungal Diversity

(

451

‑

660

. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00438-1

Lu YZ, Liu JK, Hyde KD, Jeewon R, Kang JC, Fan C, Boonmee S, Bhat DJ, Luo ZL, Lin CG, Eungwanichayapant PD (2018)

A taxonomic reassessment of tubeufiales based on multi-locus phylogeny and morphology

Fungal Diversity

131

‑

344

. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0411-y

Ma J (2012)

Taxonomic study on dark hyphomycetes fungi from withered branches in tropical and subtropical areas of China.

Shandong Agricultural University

Shandong

266

pp.

Ma LG, Ma J, Zhang K, Zhang X (2010)

Notes on dematiaceous hyphomycetes from dead wood Ⅱ. Three new records for China

Mycosystema

(

841

‑

844

. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1238.2010.00516

Mason EW, Hughes SJ (1951)

Phragmocephala gen. nov

The Naturalist

1951

‑

105

Matsushima T (1971)

Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea.

Matsushima

Kobe

pp.

Matsushima T (1975)

Icones microfungorum: a Matsushima lectorum

Matsushima

Matsushima T (1980)

Saprophytic microfungi from Taiwan: Part 1. Hyphomycetes

Matsushima Mycological Memoirs Nº 1

Ma YR, Xia JW, Zhang XG, Castañeda-Ruiz RF (2015)

New species of Phaeomonilia and Mirandina from dead branches in China

Mycotaxon

130

(

775

‑

781

. https://doi.org/10.5248/130.775

Mcalpine D (1903)

Australian fungi, new or unrecorded. Decades III.-IV

Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales.

‑

103

. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.26348

Mercado-Sierra A, Holubová-Jechová V, Portales JM (1997)

Hifomicetes demaciáceos de Cuba Enteroblásticos

. In: Museo Regionale di Sscienze Naturali (Ed.)

Monografie XXIII

Torino

Monteiro JS, Gusmão LFP, Castañeda-Ruiz RF (2016)

Pleurothecium bicoloratum & Sporidesmiopsis pluriseptata spp nov from Brazil.

Mycotaxon

131

(

145

‑

152

. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.145

Muthumary J, Sutton BC (1986)

Coryneum quercinum sp. nov. on Quercus alba from India

Transactions of the British Mycological Society

512

‑

515

. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(86)80204-2

Nees von Esenbeck CG (1816)

Das System der Pilze und Schwämme.

Würzburg: Stahelsche Buchhandlung

1-334

pp.

Penzig OAJ (1882)

Funghi agrumicoli. Contribuzione allo studio dei funghi parassiti degli agrumi

Patavii

452

pp.

Phukhamsakda C, McKenzie EH, Phillips AJ, Jones EB, Bhat DJ, Stadler M, Bhunjun CS, Wanasinghe DN, Thongbai B, Camporesi E, Jayawardena RS, Perera RH, Ekanayake AH, Tibpromma S, Doilom M, Xu JC, Hyde KD (2020)

Microfungi associated with clematis (Рanunculaceae) with an integrated approach todelimiting species boundaries

Fungal Diversity

102

‑

203

. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00448-4

Pirozynski KA (1968)

Cryptophiale, a new genus of hyphomycetes

Canadian Journal of Botany

(

1123

‑

1127

. https://doi.org/10.1139/b68-148

Pirozynski KA, Hodges JC (1973)

New hyphomycetes from south Carolina

Canadian Journal of Botany

(

157

‑

173

. https://doi.org/10.1139/b73-024

Posada D, Crandall KA (1998)

Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution

Bioinformatics

817

‑

818

. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817

Prasher IB, Singh G (2014)

Anamorphic fungi new to shiwaliks-Northwest India

New Biological Reports

(

141

‑

145

Réblová M, Seifert KA, Fournier J, Štěpánek V (2012)

Phylogenetic classification of Pleurothecium and Pleurotheciella gen. nov. and its dactylaria-like anamorph (Sordariomycetes) based on nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding genes

Mycologia

104

(

1299

‑

1314

. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-035

Réblová M, Seifert KA, Fournier J, Štěpánek V (2016a)

Newly recognised lineages of perithecial ascomycetes: the new orders conioscyphales and pleurotheciales

Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi

(

‑

. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158516X689819

Réblová M, Miller AN, Rossman AY, Seifert KA, Crous PW, Hawksworth DL, Abdel- Wahab MA, Cannon PF, Daranagama DA, De Beer ZW, Huang SK, Hyde KD, Jayawardena R, Jaklitsch W, Jones EB, Ju YM, Judith CM, Pang KL, Petrini LE, Raja HA, Romero AI, Shearer C, Senanayake IC, Voglmayr H, Weir BS, Wijayawarden NN (2016b)

Recommendations for competing sexual−asexually typified generic names in Сordariomycetes (except Diaporthales, Hypocreales, and Magnaporthales).

IMA Fungus

131

‑

153

. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.01.08

Réblová M, Nekvindová J, Miller AN (2021)

Phylogeny and taxonomy of Catenularia and similar fungi with catenate conidia

MycoKeys

. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67785

Rehner SA, Buckley E (2005)

A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-α sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs

Mycologia

(

‑

. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.1.84

Révay Á (1985)

Dematiaceous hyphomycetes inhabiting forest debris in Hungary I.

Studia Botanica Hungarica

‑

Ronquist F, Teslenko M, Mark P, Ayres DL, Darling A, Hoehna S, Larget B, Liu L, Suchard MA, Huelsenbeck JP (2012)

MrBayes 3.2: efficient bayesian phyloenetic inference and model choice across a large model space

Systematic Biology

539

‑

542

. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029

Rossman AY, Farr DF, Castlebury LA (2007)

A review of the phylogeny and biology of the Diaporthales

Mycoscience

135

‑

144

. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10267-007-0347-7

Rossman AY, Adams GC, Cannon PF, Castlerbury LA, et al. (2015)

Recommendations of generic names in Diaporthales competing for protection or use

IMA fungus

(

145

‑

154

. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.09

Rousseau P, Halvorson HO (1969)

Preparation and storage of single spores of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Journal of Bacteriology

100

(

1426

‑

1427

. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.100.3.1426-1427.1969

Saccardo PA (1882)

Fungi Gallici lecti a Cl. viris P. Brunaud, CC Gillet, Abb. Letendre, A. Malbranche, J. Therry & Dom

Libert. Series IV. Michelia

(

583

‑

648

Saccardo PA, Traverso GB (1892)

Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum

Patavii

481

pp.

Saccardo PA, Traverso GB (1902)

Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum

Patavii

1013

pp.

Saccardo PA, Traverso GB (1906)

Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum

Patavii

476-477

pp.

Sadowski EM, Beimforde C, Gube M, Rikkinen J, Singh H, Seyfullah LJ, Heinrichs J, Nascimbene PC, Reitner J, Schmidt AR (2012)

The anamorphic genus Monotosporella (Ascomycota) from Eocene amber and from modern Agathis resin

Fungal Biology

116

1099

‑

1110

. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2012.08.003

Seifert KA, Gams W (2011)

The genera of hyphomycetes-2011 update

Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi

(

119

‑

129

. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158511X617435

Senanayake IC, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Maharachchikumbura SS, Jeewon R, Phillips AJ, Bhat JD, Perera RH, Li QR, Li WJ, Tangthirasunun N, Norphanphoun C, Camporesi E, Manawasighe IS, Al-Sadi AM, Hyde KD (2017)

Families of Diaporthales based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence

Studies in Mycology

217

‑

296

. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.07.003

Senwanna C, Hyde KD, Phookamsak R, Jones EG, Cheewangkoon R (2018)

Coryneum heveanum sp. nov. (Coryneaceae, Diaporthales) on twigs of Para rubber in Thailand.

MycoKeys

. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.43.29365

Shavrin AV, Smetana A (2020)

New species and records of Coryphiini from China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae)

Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae

(

591

‑

598

. https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2020.040

Shearer CA, Webster J (1991)

Aquatic hyphomycete communities in the River Teign. IV. Twig colonization

Mycological Research

(

413

‑

420

. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80839-3

Shi L, Yang H, Hyde KD, Wijayawardene NN, Wang GN, Yu XD, Zhang H (2021)

Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales

Phytotaxa

518

(

143

‑

166

. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4

Shirouzu T, Harada Y (2008)

Lignicolous dematiaceous hyphomycetes in Japan: five new records for Japanese mycoflora, and proposals of a new name, Helminthosporium magnisporum, and a new combination, Solicorynespora foveolata

Mycoscience

(

126

‑

131

. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10267-007-0399-8

Shirouzu T, Hirose D, Tokumasu S, To-Anun C, Maekawa N (2010)

Host affinity and phylogenetic position of a new anamorphic fungus Beltraniella botryospora from living and fallen leaves of evergreen oaks

Fungal Diversity

(

‑

. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0037-1

Stamatakis A, Hoover P, Rougemont J (2008)

Arapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers

Systematic Biology

758

‑

771

. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642

Subramanian CV, Bhat DJ (1987)

Hyphomycetes from south India I. Some new taxa

Kavaka

(

1-2

‑

Su HY, Udayanga D, Luo ZL, Manamgoda DS, Zhao YC, Yang J, Liu XY, MCKENZIE EH, Zhou DQ, Hyde KD (2015)

Hyphomycetes from aquatic habitats in southern China: species of Curvularia (Pleosporaceae) and Phragmocephala (Melanommataceae)

Phytotaxa

226

201

‑

216

. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.226.3.1

Sutton BC (1975)

Coelomycetes V. Coryneum

Mycological Papers

138

‑

224

Theissen F (1912)

Fragmenta Brasilica. IV nebst Bemerkungen über einige andere Asterina-Arten

Annales Mycologici

‑

Tsui CK, Goh TK, Hyde KD, Hodgkiss IJ (2001)

New species or records of Cacumisporium, Helicosporium, Monotosporella and Bahusutrabeeja on submerged wood in Hong Kong streams

Mycologia

(

389

‑

397

. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2001.12063170

Vilgalys R, Hester M (1990)

Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species

Journal of Bacteriology

172

(

4238

‑

4246

. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990

Wang SJ, Li RL, Sun CX, Zhang D, Li FQ (2004)

How types of carbonate rock assemblages constrain the distribution of karst rocky decertified land in Guizhou Province, PR China: phenomena and mechanisms

Land Degradation & Development

(

123

‑

131

. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.591

Wang Y, Bruno LC, Zhang XG (2008)

Two new species of Ulocladium from southwest China

Mycologia

100

(

455

‑

459

. https://doi.org/10.3852/07-019R3

White TJ, Bruns T, Lee SJ, Taylor J (1990)

Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics

PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications

(

315

‑

322

Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Wanasinghe DN, Papizadeh M, Goonasekara ID, Camporesi E, Bhat DJ, McKenzie EH, Phillips AJ, Diederich P, Tanaka K, Li WJ, Tangthirasunun N, Phookamsak R, Dai DQ, Dissanayake AJ, Weerakoon G, Maharachchikumbura SS, Hashimoto A, Matsumura M, Wang Y (2016)

Taxonomy and phylogeny of dematiaceous coelomycetes

Fungal Diversity

‑

136

. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0360-2

Wijayawardene NN, Dissanayake LS, Dai DQ, Li QR, Xiao Y, Wen TC, Karunarathna SC, Wu HX, Zhang H, Tibpromma S, Kang JC (2021)

Yunnan-Guizhou plateau: a mycological hotspot

Phytotaxa

523

(

‑

. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.1

Wu WP (2005)

Sporidesmium, Endophragmiella and related genera from China

Fungal Diversity Research Series

‑

351

Wu WP, Zhuang WP (2008)

Flora of fungi of China Volume 37, Sporidesmium and related genera.

Science-Press

pp.

Wu XL (2000)

Resources and utilization of macrofungi in Guizhou

China Guizhou Science

(

Xia JW, Ma LG, Ma YR, Castañeda-Ruíz RF, Zhang XG (2013)

Corynesporopsis curvularioides sp. nov. and new records of microfungi from southern China

Cryptogamie, Mycologie

(

281

‑

288

. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym.v34.iss3.2013.281

Xia JW, Li HH, Zhang XG (2017)

A taxonomic study on dematiaceous hyphomycetes from decaying branches in some areas of southern China

Abstracts of the 7th National Member Congress and 2017 Academic Annual Meeting of Chinese Mycological Society

Yang GZ, Lu KP, Yang Y, Ma LB, Qiao M, Zhang KQ, Yu ZF (2012)

Sympodioplanus yunnanensis, a new aquatic species from submerged decaying leaves

Mycotaxon

120

(

287

‑

290

. https://doi.org/10.5248/120.287

Yang J, Liu JK, Hyde KD, Jones EG, Liu ZY (2018)

New species in Dictyosporium, new combinations in Dictyocheirospora and an updated backbone tree for Dictyosporiaceae

MycoKeys

. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.36.27051

Yang J, Liu NG, Liu JK, Hyde KD, Jones EG, Liu ZY (2019)

Phylogenetic placement of Cryptophiale, Cryptophialoidea, Nawawia, Neonawawia gen nov. and Phialosporostilbe.

Mycosphere

1132

‑

1150

. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/9/6/5

Yen LT, Inaba S, Tsurumi Y, Ban S, Dung NL, Van Hop D, Ando K (2012)

Condylospora vietnamensis, a new ingoldian hyphomycete isolated from fallen leaves in Vietnam

Mycoscience

(

326

‑

329

. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10267-011-0166-8

Zhang XG (2012)

Taxonomic study on the dematicious hyphomycetes of dead branches in China

Collection of Essays of the 2012 Annual Academic Conference of the Chinese Society of Mycology

2012

Zhang Y (2018)

Taxonomic studies of dematiaceous hyphomycetes on rotting branches and foliages from Fujian, Guangxi and Qinling areas in China.

Zhang Y

Beijing

pp.

Zhang YD, Ma J, Ma LG, Zhang XG (2010)

Two new species of Kylindria from Fujian, China

Mycotaxon

114

367

‑

371

. https://doi.org/10.5248/114.367

Zhao G, Li N (1997)

Two new species of Microclava and Actinocladium (Hyphomycetes) from Yunnan

Mycosystema

(

270

‑

273

Zhu D, Luo ZL, Bhat DJ, Mckenzie EH, Bahkali AH, Zhou DQ, Su HY, Hyde KD (2016)

Helminthosporium velutinum and H. aquaticum sp. nov. from aquatic habitats in Yunnan Province, China

Phytotaxa

253

(

179

‑

190

. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.253.3.1

Supplementary material

Endnotes