Biodiversity Data Journal :
Data Paper (Biosciences)
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Corresponding author: Jethro George Jack Reading (jethrojreading@gmail.com)
Academic editor: Felipe Ottoni
Received: 04 May 2023 | Accepted: 03 Jul 2023 | Published: 09 Aug 2023
© 2023 Jethro Reading, Tammy Horton
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Reading JGJ, Horton T (2023) Mesopelagic fishes of the North-West African Upwelling from the Discovery Collections. Biodiversity Data Journal 11: e105921. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e105921
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Mesopelagic fish specimens from two stations in the NW African Upwelling were identified and catalogued to produce a Darwin Core-aligned dataset. A total of 9655 individual fishes were identified, with 9017 specimens identified at least to genus level and 3124 specimens identified to species level. This dataset comprises specimens collected from the 1990 RRS Discovery (III) Cruise D195 and was used to investigate depth-related trends in diversity and community composition alongside species-specific migratory behaviour. The finalised dataset was published on OBIS through the Deep-Sea node.
This dataset contains occurrence and abundance data for midwater fishes caught between the Mauritanian coast and Cape Verde, published for the first time. The dataset records 146 different fish taxa. Twenty-three taxa in the dataset are not present in any prior OBIS datasets that cover the area. These novel taxa are: Bathylagus andriashevi, Bolinichthys indicus, Bolinichthys supralateralis, Cyclothone parapallida, Dolichopteroides binocularis, Gigantactis indet. Gymnoscopelus stet., Howella atlantica, Hygophum proximum, Hygophum taaningi, Ichthyococcus polli, Lampadena anomala, Lampanyctus cuprarius, Lampanyctus isaacsi, Lampanyctus lineatus, Lampanyctus macdonaldi, Lampanyctus nobilis, Lestidiops mirabilis, Loweina rara, Macroparalepis brevis, Melamphaes microps and Melanonus gracilis. An anglerfish specimen belonging to Linophrynidae was also found, the first in the leftvent family to be logged in the area on OBIS; however, the specimen was too damaged to identify beyond this level.
deep-sea, fishes, Mauritania, midwater
The mesopelagic zone (200-1000 m water depth) is one of the Earth's largest habitats by volume, hosting a diverse community of fishes that globally masses between 1 and 20 gigatonnes (
Mesopelagic fishes play a key role in modulating the transfer of carbon and nutrients from the epipelagic (0-200 m) to the bathypelagic (1000-4000 m) zone, with diel vertical migration enhancing transport efficiency by bypassing the depths where passively sinking particulate organic carbon is most often remineralised (
Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems (EBUEs) are highly-productive marine ecosystems found at the eastern edges of oceanic gyres (
Upwelling is semi-continuous between 10 and 20°N off the coast of Africa (
The Discovery Collections are an internationally important repository of deep-sea marine benthic and pelagic invertebrate and fish specimens which contain valuable samples obtained from the global ocean since 1925. They are split into two parts (modern and historic). The modern Discovery Collections at the National Oceanography Centre (DISCOLL, NOC, UK; http://grscicoll.org/institution/national-oceanography-centre-southampton; https://noc.ac.uk/facilities/discovery-collections) consist largely of benthic biological samples collected during research programmes and major environmental surveys that have taken place off the continental shelf of the UK and Ireland since the 1970s. They are housed in a climate-controlled warehouse at the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOC). The historic Discovery Collections, consisting of early Southern Ocean material and much of the early North Atlantic pelagic and some benthic material, are now housed at the Natural History Museum, London (
Notably, the Modern Discovery Collections house specimens from the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (PAP–SO), a multidisciplinary open-ocean time series site in the NE Atlantic (
Mesopelagic Fishes of the North-West African Upwelling from the Discovery Collections
Jethro Reading, Tammy Horton, James Maclaine
Mesopelagic and epipelagic waters of the Eastern Central Atlantic, between the coasts of Mauritania and Western Sahara and Cape Verde
This dataset was compiled using specimens from the 1990 RRS Discovery (III) Cruise D195 (
Samples were collected during Cruise D195 on the RRS Discovery (III), which departed from Santa Cruz, Tenerife on 05/09/1990 and arrived at Barry, South Wales on 05/10/1990 (
Samples from Station 12183 were taken in day and night vertical series from the surface to 1000 m, with the net towed across a depth range of approximately 100 m during each sampling event. These samples were intended to quantify the biomass of zooplankton and nekton undergoing diel vertical migration and, as such, sampled organisms were volumed in bulk and not identified to species level. Sampling event 12181_4 used a net equipped with a closing cod-end and lights were attached and turned on for events 12181_12 and 12181_18. In events where the cod-end was used, the suffix CCE is added to the code (RMT8CCE), while an L has been inserted into the gear code for sampling events where lights were used and switched on (e.g. RMT8ML/3). It is worth noting that D195 was primarily conducted to investigate mesopelagic photobiology. As such, the eyes of certain taxa and the taxonomically-diagnostic lures and caruncles of ceratioid anglerfish (Fig.
Unfortunately, using available resources, it has been impossible to discern the exact number and identity of specimens removed. A survey of the ichthyology collections at the Natural History Museum, London, did, however, reveal a number of other specimens from Cruise D195, including both previously identified and accessioned specimens and unidentified fishes. These specimens have not been included in the current dataset, which represents only those fishes held in the Discovery Collections in Southampton. Additional samples from further RRS Discovery Cruises in the Mauritanian Upwelling held in the Discovery Collections at Southampton may be added to this dataset in the future. To enable researchers to locate fish specimens from D195 stored at the NHM, a search string for the NHM Data Portal was created (https://doi.org/10.5519/qd.1rb61gc6). This search string will access records of both specimens already identified and also any specimens from the cruise accessioned in the future.
Samples were collected from two stations in the open ocean between Mauritania and Cape Verde, with a northern station located in the EEZ of Western Sahara and a southern station located in the Cape Verdean EEZ. The study area was defined as a rectangle (Fig.
Sample location map: The single sampling event (12181#4) from the Northern Station, located within the EEZ of Western Sahara, is shown on the wider-scale map. All sampling events from the Southern Station (12183), located within the EEZ of Cape Verde, are plotted inside the red inset. Daytime samples are indicated with a white triangle, night-time trawls with a black triangle. The Study Area polygon, used to identify novel local records, is shown by the grey-hatched rectangle. Map produced in ArcGIS.
14.711 and 20.841 Latitude; -22.669W and -17.004 Longitude.
A total of 146 taxa were identified, all belonging to the class Actinopterygii. Table
Classification, abundance and number of occurrences for every taxon in the Mauritanian dataset. Taxa newly recorded on OBIS in the study area are marked with an asterisk. Here, Scientific Name is used to indicate the lowest taxonomic rank to which specimens were identified. Where possible, common names are provided and the applicable ON qualifiers as per
Order | Family | Genus | Species Name | ON Qualifier | Common Name | Total Abundance | Occurrences |
N/A | Actinopterygii | indet. | Ray-finned Fishes | 198 | 15 | ||
N/A | Actinopterygii | stet. | Ray-finned Fishes | 5 | 3 | ||
Anguilliformes | sp. | stet. | Eels | 5 | 3 | ||
Anguilliformes | Derichthyidae | Nessorhamphus Schmidt, 1931 | N. ingolfianus (Schmidt, 1912) | Duckbill Oceanic Eel | 1 | 1 | |
Anguilliformes | Nemichthyidae | sp. | indet. | Snipe eels | 4 | 2 | |
Anguilliformes | Nemichthyidae | Nemichthys Richardson, 1848 | N. curvirostris (Strömman, 1896) | Pale Threadtail Snipe Eel | 1 | 1 | |
Anguilliformes | Nemichthyidae | Nemichthys Richardson, 1848 | N. scolopaceus Richardson, 1848 | Slender Snipe Eel | 1 | 1 | |
Anguilliformes | Serrivomeridae | Serrivomer Gill & Ryder, 1883 | Serrivomer sp. | stet. | Sawtooth eels | 6 | 5 |
Saccopharyngiformes | Eurypharyngidae | Eurypharynx Vaillant, 1882 | E. pelecanoides Vaillant, 1882 | Pelican Eel | 2 | 1 | |
Alepocephaliformes | Platytroctidae | sp. | stet. | Tubeshoulders | 9 | 3 | |
Alepocephaliformes | Platytroctidae | Holtbyrnia Parr, 1937 | Holtbyrnia sp. | stet. | 2 | 1 | |
Alepocephaliformes | Platytroctidae | Searsia Parr, 1937 | S. koefoedi Parr, 1937 | Koefoed's Searsid | 9 | 5 | |
Argentiniformes | Bathylagidae | sp. | indet. | Deep-sea smelts | 1 | 1 | |
Argentiniformes | Bathylagidae | Bathylagichthys Kobyliansky, 1986 | Bathylagichthys sp. | indet. | 1 | 2 | |
Argentiniformes | Bathylagidae | Bathylagichthys Kobyliansky, 1986 | Bathylagichthys sp. | stet. | 2 | 4 | |
Argentiniformes | Bathylagidae | Bathylagoides Whitley, 1951 | B. argyrogaster (Norman, 1930) | Silver deep-sea smelt | 12 | 5 | |
Argentiniformes | Bathylagidae | Bathylagus Günther, 1878 | B. andriashevi Kobyliansky, 1986 * | 1 | 1 | ||
Argentiniformes | Bathylagidae | Bathylagus Günther, 1878 | B. euryops Goode & Bean, 1896 | Goiter blacksmelt | 20 | 2 | |
Argentiniformes | Bathylagidae | Melanolagus Kobyliansky, 1986 | M. bericoides (Borodin, 1929) | Bigscale Deepsea Smelt | 1 | 1 | |
Argentiniformes | Opisthoproctidae | Dolichopteroides Parin, Belyanina & Evseenko, 2009 | D. binocularis (Beebe, 1932) * | 1 | 1 | ||
Argentiniformes | Opisthoproctidae | Opisthoproctus Vaillant, 1888 | O. soleatus Vaillant, 1888 | Barrel-eye | 2 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Gonostomatidae | Bonapartia Goode & Bean, 1896 | B. pedaliota Goode & Bean, 1896 | Longray fangjaw | 1 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Gonostomatidae | Cyclothone Goode & Bean, 1883 | Cyclothone sp. | indet. | Bristlemouths | 5616 | 12 |
Stomiiformes | Gonostomatidae | Cyclothone Goode & Bean, 1883 | Cyclothone sp. | stet. | Bristlemouths | 138 | 3 |
Stomiiformes | Gonostomatidae | Cyclothone Goode & Bean, 1883 | C. acclinidens Garman, 1899 | Bentjaw bristlemouth | 340 | 8 | |
Stomiiformes | Gonostomatidae | Cyclothone Goode & Bean, 1883 | C. alba Brauer, 1906 | 47 | 2 | ||
Stomiiformes | Gonostomatidae | Cyclothone Goode & Bean, 1883 | C. braueri Jespersen & Tåning, 1926 | Garrick | 7 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Gonostomatidae | Cyclothone Goode & Bean, 1883 | C. livida Brauer, 1902 | 1090 | 10 | ||
Stomiiformes | Gonostomatidae | Cyclothone Goode & Bean, 1883 | C. pallida Brauer, 1902 | Tan bristlemouth | 711 | 8 | |
Stomiiformes | Gonostomatidae | Cyclothone Goode & Bean, 1883 | C. parapallida Badcock, 1982 * | Shadow bristlemouth | 13 | 2 | |
Stomiiformes | Gonostomatidae | Cyclothone Goode & Bean, 1883 | C. pseudopallida Mukhacheva, 1964 | Slender bristlemouth | 27 | 2 | |
Stomiiformes | Gonostomatidae | Diplophos Günther, 1873 | D. taenia Günther, 1873 * | Pacific portholefish | 1 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Gonostomatidae | Gonostoma Rafinesque, 1810 | G. atlanticum Norman, 1930 | Atlantic fangjaw | 2 | 2 | |
Stomiiformes | Gonostomatidae | Gonostoma Rafinesque, 1810 | G. denudatum Rafinesque, 1810 | 2 | 2 | ||
Stomiiformes | Gonostomatidae | Sigmops Gill, 1883 | S. elongatus (Günther, 1878) | Elongated bristlemouth | 5 | 2 | |
Stomiiformes | Phosichthyidae | Ichthyococcus Bonaparte, 1840 | I. ovatus (Cocco, 1838) | 2 | 1 | ||
Stomiiformes | Phosichthyidae | Ichthyococcus Bonaparte, 1840 | I. polli Blache, 1964 * | 3 | 1 | ||
Stomiiformes | Phosichthyidae | Vinciguerria Jordan & Evermann, 1896 | Vinciguerria sp. | stet. | 1 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Phosichthyidae | Vinciguerria Jordan & Evermann, 1896 | V. attenuata (Cocco, 1838) | Slender lightfish | 29 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Phosichthyidae | Vinciguerria Jordan & Evermann, 1896 | V. nimbaria (Jordan & Williams, 1895) | Oceanic lightfish | 72 | 2 | |
Stomiiformes | Sternoptychidae | sp. | indet. | Hatchetfish | 15 | 2 | |
Stomiiformes | Sternoptychidae | sp. | stet. | Hatchetfish | 22 | 5 | |
Stomiiformes | Sternoptychidae | Argyropelecus Cocco, 1829 | Argyropelecus sp. | indet. | 15 | 2 | |
Stomiiformes | Sternoptychidae | Argyropelecus Cocco, 1829 | A. aculeatus Valenciennes, 1850 | Lovely hatchetfish | 3 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Sternoptychidae | Argyropelecus Cocco, 1829 | A. affinis Garman, 1899 | Pacific hatchetfish | 21 | 4 | |
Stomiiformes | Sternoptychidae | Argyropelecus Cocco, 1829 | A. hemigymnus Cocco, 1829 | Half-naked hatchetfish | 64 | 4 | |
Stomiiformes | Sternoptychidae | Argyropelecus Cocco, 1829 | A. sladeni Regan, 1908 | Sladen's hatchetfish | 30 | 3 | |
Stomiiformes | Sternoptychidae | Polyipnus Günther, 1887 | P. polli Schultz, 1961 | Round hatchetfish | 11 | 2 | |
Stomiiformes | Sternoptychidae | Sternoptyx Hermann, 1781 | Sternoptyx sp. | indet. | 8 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Sternoptychidae | Sternoptyx Hermann, 1781 | S. diaphana Hermann, 1781 | Diaphanous hatchetfish | 95 | 12 | |
Stomiiformes | Sternoptychidae | Sternoptyx Hermann, 1781 | S. pseudobscura Baird, 1971 | Highlight hatchetfish | 2 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Sternoptychidae | Valenciennellus Jordan & Evermann, 1896 | V. tripunctulatus (Esmark, 1871) | Constellationfish | 2 | 2 | |
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | sp. | indet. | Dragonfish | 93 | 5 | |
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | sp. | stet. | Dragonfish | 6 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Aristostomias Zugmayer, 1913 | Aristostomias sp. | stet. | 1 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Bathophilus Giglioli, 1882 | B. vaillanti (Zugmayer, 1911) | 1 | 1 | ||
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Borostomias Regan, 1908 | B. elucens (Brauer, 1906) | 1 | 1 | ||
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Chauliodus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | C. schmidti Ege, 1948 | 19 | 9 | ||
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Chauliodus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | C. sloani Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | Sloane's viperfish | 1 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Leptostomias Gilbert, 1905 | Leptostomias sp. | indet. | 1 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Malacosteus Ayres, 1848 | Malacosteus sp. | indet. | 1 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Malacosteus Ayres, 1848 | M. niger Ayres, 1848 | Stoplight loosejaw | 6 | 5 | |
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Pachystomias Günther, 1887 | Pachystomias sp. | stet. | 1 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Pachystomias Günther, 1887 | P. microdon (Günther, 1878) | Smalltooth dragonfish | 1 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Photonectes Günther, 1887 | Photonectes sp. | indet. | 2 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Photostomias Collett, 1889 | Photostomias sp. | stet. | 1 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Photostomias Collett, 1889 | P. atrox (Alcock, 1890) | 1 | 1 | ||
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Photostomias Collett, 1889 | P. guernei Collett, 1889 | 2 | 1 | ||
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Stomias Cuvier, 1816 | Stomias sp. | indet. | 2 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Stomias Cuvier, 1816 | S. boa boa (Risso, 1810) | Boa dragonfish | 1 | 1 | |
Stomiiformes | Stomiidae | Stomias Cuvier, 1816 | S. lampropeltis Gibbs, 1969 | 2 | 2 | ||
Aulopiformes | Omosudidae | Omosudis Günther, 1887 | O. lowii Günther, 1887 | Hammerjaw | 1 | 1 | |
Aulopiformes | Paralepididae | sp. | indet. | Barracudinas | 5 | 3 | |
Aulopiformes | Paralepididae | Lestidiops Hubbs, 1916 | Lestidiops sp. | stet. | 2 | 1 | |
Aulopiformes | Paralepididae | Lestidiops Hubbs, 1916 | L. mirabilis (Ege, 1933) * | Strange pike smelt | 4 | 3 | |
Aulopiformes | Paralepididae | Macroparalepis Burton, 1934 | M. brevis Ege, 1933 * | 4 | 3 | ||
Aulopiformes | Scopelarchidae | Scopelarchus Alcock, 1896 | S. guentheri Alcock, 1896 | Staring pearleye | 1 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | indet. | Lanternfish | 214 | 16 | ||
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Benthosema Goode & Bean, 1896 | B. glaciale (Reinhardt, 1837) | Glacier lanternfish | 7 | 3 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Benthosema Goode & Bean, 1896 | B. suborbitale (Gilbert, 1913) | Smallfin lanternfish | 5 | 2 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Bolinichthys Paxton, 1972 | B. indicus (Nafpaktitis & Nafpaktitis, 1969) * | 1 | 1 | ||
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Bolinichthys Paxton, 1972 | B. supralateralis (Parr, 1928) * | Stubby lanternfish | 6 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Ceratoscopelus Günther, 1864 | Ceratoscopelus sp. | indet. | 4 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Ceratoscopelus Günther, 1864 | C. maderensis (Lowe, 1839) | Madeira lanternfish | 4 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Ceratoscopelus Günther, 1864 | C. warmingii (Lütken, 1892) | Warming's lanternfish | 30 | 4 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Dasyscopelus Günther, 1864 | D. asper (Richardson, 1845) | Prickly lanternfish | 1 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Dasyscopelus Günther, 1864 | D. obtusirostris (Tåning, 1928) | Bluntsnout lanternfish | 1 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Diaphus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890 | D. bertelseni Nafpaktitis, 1966 | Bertelsen's lanternfish | 9 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Diaphus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890 | D. dumerilii (Bleeker, 1856) | Dumeri's lanternfish | 19 | 2 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Diaphus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890 | D. luetkeni (Brauer, 1904) | Luetken's lanternfish | 2 | 2 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Diaphus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890 | D. mollis Tåning, 1928 | Soft lanternfish | 5 | 2 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Diaphus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890 | D. rafinesquii (Cocco, 1838) | White-spotted lanternfish | 2 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Diaphus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890 | D. vanhoeffeni (Brauer, 1906) | 6 | 2 | ||
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Diogenichthys Bolin, 1939 | D. atlanticus (Tåning, 1928) | Longfin lanternfish | 5 | 3 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Electrona Goode & Bean, 1896 | E. risso (Cocco, 1829) | Electric lanternfish | 2 | 2 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Gonichthys Gistel, 1850 | G. cocco (Cocco, 1829) | Cocco's lanternfish | 2 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Gymnoscopelus Günther, 1873 | Gymnoscopelus sp. * | stet. | 1 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Hygophum Bolin, 1939 | H. benoiti (Cocco, 1838) | Benoit's Lanternfish | 21 | 6 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Hygophum Bolin, 1939 | H. macrochir (Günther, 1864) | Large-finned Lanternfish | 9 | 3 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Hygophum Bolin, 1939 | H. proximumBecker, 1965 * | Firefly Lanternfish | 1 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Hygophum Bolin, 1939 | H. reinhardtii (Lütken, 1892) | Reinhardt's lanternfish | 1 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Hygophum Bolin, 1939 | H. taaningi Becker, 1965 * | Tåning's lanternfish | 3 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Lampadena Goode & Bean, 1893 | L. anomala Parr, 1928 * | Anomalous lanternfish | 4 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Lampanyctus Bonaparte, 1840 | Lampanyctus sp. | indet. | 1 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Lampanyctus Bonaparte, 1840 | L. alatus Goode & Bean, 1896 | Winged lanternfish | 114 | 10 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Lampanyctus Bonaparte, 1840 | L. ater Tåning, 1928 | 37 | 7 | ||
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Lampanyctus Bonaparte, 1840 | L. cuprarius Tåning, 1928 * | 1 | 1 | ||
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Lampanyctus Bonaparte, 1840 | L. isaacsi Wisner, 1974 * | 7 | 2 | ||
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Lampanyctus Bonaparte, 1840 | L. lineatus Tåning, 1928 * | 19 | 4 | ||
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Lampanyctus Bonaparte, 1840 | L. macdonaldi (Goode & Bean, 1896) * | Rakery beaconlamp | 8 | 5 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Lampanyctus Bonaparte, 1840 | L. nobilis Tåning, 1928 * | Noble lampfish | 1 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Lampanyctus Bonaparte, 1840 | L. photonotus Parr, 1928 | 3 | 1 | ||
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Lepidophanes Fraser-Brunner, 1949 | Lepidophanes sp. | indet. | 1 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Lepidophanes Fraser-Brunner, 1949 | L. guentheri (Goode & Bean, 1896) | Günther's lanternfish | 2 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Lobianchia Gatti, 1904 | L. dofleini (Zugmayer, 1911) | Doflein's lanternfish | 1 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Lobianchia Gatti, 1904 | L. gemellarii (Cocco, 1838) | Cocco's lanternfish | 2 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Loweina Fowler, 1925 | L. rara (Lütken, 1892) * | Laura's lanternfish | 3 | 2 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Myctophum Rafinesque, 1810 | M. affine (Lütken, 1892) | Metallic lanternfish | 1 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Notolychnus Fraser-Brunner, 1949 | N. valdiviae (Brauer, 1904) | Topside lanternfish | 6 | 2 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Notoscopelus Günther, 1864 | N. resplendens (Richardson, 1845) | Patchwork lampfish | 2 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Symbolophorus Bolin & Wisner, 1959 | Symbolophorus sp. | stet. | 11 | 3 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Taaningichthys Bolin, 1959 | T. bathyphilus (Tåning, 1928) | Deepwater lanternfish | 1 | 1 | |
Myctophiformes | Myctophidae | Taaningichthys Bolin, 1959 | T. paurolychnus Davy, 1972 | 2 | 1 | ||
Myctophiformes | Neoscopelidae | Scopelengys Alcock, 1890 | S. tristis Alcock, 1890 | Pacific blackchin | 1 | 1 | |
Stylephoriformes | Stylephoridae | Stylephorus Shaw, 1791 | S. chordatus Shaw, 1791 | Tube-eye fish | 4 | 4 | |
Gadiformes | sp. | stet. | 1 | 1 | |||
Gadiformes | Melanonidae | Melanonus Günther, 1878 | M. gracilisNorman, 1930 * | Pelagic cod | 1 | 1 | |
Gadiformes | Melanonidae | Melanonus Günther, 1878 | M. zugmayeri Günther, 1878 | Arrowtail | 2 | 2 | |
Beryciformes | Melamphaidae | Melamphaes Günther, 1864 | Melamphaes Günther, 1864 | stet. | 2 | 1 | |
Beryciformes | Melamphaidae | Melamphaes Günther, 1864 | M. micropsGünther, 1878) * | 1 | 1 | ||
Beryciformes | Melamphaidae | PoromitraGoode & Bean, 1883 | Poromitra sp. | stet. | 1 | 1 | |
Beryciformes | Melamphaidae | Poromitra Goode & Bean, 1883 | P. coronata (Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924) | 2 | 1 | ||
Beryciformes | Melamphaidae | Poromitra Goode & Bean, 1883 | P. megalops (Lütken, 1878) | 21 | 8 | ||
Beryciformes | Melamphaidae | Scopeloberyx Zugmayer, 1911 | Scopeloberyx sp. | stet. | 7 | 3 | |
Beryciformes | Melamphaidae | Scopeloberyx Zugmayer, 1911 | S. opisthopterus (Parr, 1933) | 9 | 3 | ||
Beryciformes | Melamphaidae | ScopelogadusVaillant, 1888 | Scopelogadus sp. | stet. | 105 | 9 | |
Beryciformes | Melamphaidae | Scopelogadus Vaillant, 1888 | S. mizolepis (Günther, 1878) | Ragged bigscale | 2 | 1 | |
Trachichthyiformes | Anoplogastridae | Anoplogaster Günther, 1859 | A. cornuta (Valenciennes, 1833) | Common fangtooth | 1 | 1 | |
Pleuronectiformes | sp. |
stet. |
Flatfish | 13 | 1 | ||
Lophiiformes | Ceratiidae | sp. | indet. | 5 | 3 | ||
Lophiiformes | Ceratiidae | Ceratias Krøyer, 1845 | Ceratias sp. | indet. | 2 | 2 | |
Lophiiformes | Ceratiidae | Cryptopsaras Gill, 1883 | C. couesii Gill, 1883 | Triplewart Seadevil | 4 | 3 | |
Lophiiformes | Gigantactinidae | Gigantactis Brauer, 1902 | Gigantactis sp.* | indet. | Whipnose anglerfish | 1 | 1 |
Lophiiformes | Himantolophidae | Himantolophus Reinhardt, 1837 | Himantolophus sp. | Footballfish | 1 | 1 | |
Lophiiformes | Linophrynidae | sp.* | indet. | Leftvents | 2 | 1 | |
Lophiiformes | Melanocetidae | Melanocetus Günther, 1864 | M. johnsonii Günther, 1864 | Humpback anglerfish | 19 | 7 | |
Lophiiformes | Melanocetidae | Melanocetus Günther, 1864 | M. murrayi Günther, 1887 | Murray's abyssal anglerfish | 2 | 2 | |
Lophiiformes | Oneirodidae | sp. | stet. | Dreamer | 1 | 1 | |
Lophiiformes | Oneirodidae | Chaenophryne Regan, 1925 | Chaenophryne sp. | stet. | 1 | 1 | |
Tetraodontiformes | sp. | stet. | 7 | 1 | |||
Acropomatiformes | Howellidae | Howella Ogilby, 1899 | H. atlanticaPost & Quéro, 1991* | Atlantic pelagic basslet | 4 | 3 | |
Acropomatiformes | Howellidae | Howella Ogilby, 1899 | H. sherborni (Norman, 1930) | Sherborn's pelagic bass | 3 | 1 |
Pie chart showing numbers of individual fishes identified by family. Here, Unidentified refers to specimens that could not be identified to family level, either due to damage or due to larval state. Other refers to specimens that belong to families that did not make up more than 1% of total fish abundance. Percentage of total fish abundance have been given for each family listed.
All samples were collected in the above time period, but were sorted and identified in between July 2021 and May 2022.
This dataset (
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
parentEventID | An identifier for the broader Event that groups this and potentially other Events (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentEventID). |
verbatimEventDate | The verbatim original representation of the date and time information for an Event (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimEventDate). |
InstitutionID | An identifier for the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/institutionID). |
InstitutionCode | The name (or acronym) in use by the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/institutionCode). |
waterBody | The name of the water body in which the Location occurs (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/waterBody). |
eventID | An identifier for the set of information associated with an Event (something that occurs at a place and time). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventID). |
fieldNumber | An identifier given to the event in the field. Often serves as a link between field notes and the Event (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/fieldNumber). |
eventDate | The date-time or interval during which an Event occurred. For occurrences, this is the date-time when the event was recorded. Not suitable for a time in a geological context (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventDate). |
verbatimDepth | The original description of the depth below the local surface (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimDepth). |
habitat | A category or description of the habitat in which the Event occurred (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/habitat). |
higherGeography | A list (concatenated and separated) of geographic names less specific than the information captured in the locality term (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherGeography). |
higherGeographyID | Recommended best practice is to use a persistent identifier from a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherGeographyID). |
Locality | The specific description of the place (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locality). |
locationID | An identifier for the set of location information (data associated with dcterms:Location). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationID). |
minimumDepthInMeters | The lesser depth of a range of depth below the local surface, in meters (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumDepthInMeters). |
maximumDepthInMeteres | The greater depth of a range of depth below the local surface, in meters (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumDepthInMeters). |
verbatimDepth | The original description of the depth below the local surface (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimDepth). |
verbatimCoordinates | The verbatim original spatial coordinates of the Location. The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in verbatimCoordinateSystem (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimCoordinates). |
verbatimCoordinateSystem | The spatial coordinate system for the verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude or the verbatimCoordinates of the Location (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/verbatimCoordinateSystem). |
VerbatimSRS | The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which coordinates given in verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude, or verbatimCoordinates are based (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimSRS). |
decimalLatitude | The geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a Location. Positive values are north of the Equator, negative values are south of it. Legal values lie between -90 and 90, inclusive (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLatitude). |
decimalLongitude | The geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a Location. Positive values are east of the Greenwich Meridian, negative values are west of it. Legal values lie between -180 and 180, inclusive (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLongitude). |
geodeticDatum | The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude are based (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/geodeticDatum). |
footprintWKT | A Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the shape (footprint, geometry) that defines the Location. A Location may have both a point-radius representation (see decimalLatitude) and a footprint representation, and they may differ from each other (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintWKT). |
footprintSRS | The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geometry given in footprintWKT is based (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintSRS). |
coordinateUncertaintyinMeters | The horizontal distance (in meters) from the given decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude describing the smallest circle containing the whole of the Location. Leave the value empty if the uncertainty is unknown, cannot be estimated, or is not applicable (because there are no coordinates). Zero is not a valid value for this term (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinateUncertaintyInMeters). |
coordinateprecision | A decimal representation of the precision of the coordinates given in the decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinatePrecision). |
eventRemarks | Comments or notes about the Event (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventRemarks). |
fieldNotes | One of a) an indicator of the existence of, b) a reference to (publication, URI), or c) the text of notes taken in the field about the Event (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/fieldNotes). |
samplingProtocol | The names of, references to, or descriptions of the methods or protocols used during an Event (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/samplingProtocol). |
measurementType | The nature of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/version/measurementType-2018-09-06). |
measurementTypeID | NVS ID for nature of measurement. |
occurrenceID | An identifier for the Occurrence (as opposed to a particular digital record of the occurrence). In the absence of a persistent global unique identifier, construct one from a combination of identifiers in the record that will most closely make the occurrenceID globally unique (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceID). |
measurementValue | The value of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementValue). |
measurementValueID | NVS ID for measurement value. |
measurementUnit | The units associated with the measurementValue (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementUnit). |
measurementUnitID | NVS ID for unit of measurement. |
measurementDeterminedDate | The date on which the MeasurementOrFact was made (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementDeterminedDate). |
measurementDeterminedBy | A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who determined the value of the MeasurementOrFact (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementDeterminedBy). |
measurementRemarks | Comments or notes accompanying the MeasurementOrFact (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementRemarks). |
language | Alanguage of the resource (http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language). |
collectionCode | The name, acronym, coden, or initialism identifying the collection or data set from which the record was derived (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/collectionCode). |
datasetName | The name identifying the data set from which the record was derived (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/datasetName). |
basisOfRecord | The specific nature of the data record (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/basisOfRecord). |
recordedBy | A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations responsible for recording the original Occurrence. The primary collector or observer, especially one who applies a personal identifier (recordNumber), should be listed first (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/recordedBy). |
occurrenceStatus | A statement about the presence or absence of a Taxon at a Location (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/version/occurrenceStatus-2021-07-15). |
preparations | A list (concatenated and separated) of preparations and preservation methods for a specimen (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/preparations). |
identifiedBy | A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who assigned the Taxon to the subject (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identifiedBy). |
dateIdentified | The date on which the subject was determined as representing the Taxon (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/dateIdentified). |
typeStatus | A list (concatenated and separated) of nomenclatural types (type status, typified scientific name, publication) applied to the subject (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/typeStatus). |
scientificNameID | An identifier for the nomenclatural (not taxonomic) details of a scientific name (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameID). |
taxonConceptID | An identifier for the taxonomic concept to which the record refers - not for the nomenclatural details of a taxon (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonConceptID). |
scientificName | The full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known. When forming part of an Identification, this should be the name in lowest level taxonomic rank that can be determined. This term should not contain identification qualifications, which should instead be supplied in the IdentificationQualifier term (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificName). |
datasetID | An identifier for the set of data. May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to a collection or institution (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/datasetID). |
identificationRemarks | Comments or notes about the Identification (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationRemarks). |
identificationQualifier | A controlled value to express the determiner's doubts about the Identification (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/identificationQualifier). |
kingdom | The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/kingdom). |
phylum | The full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the taxon is classified (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/phylum). |
class | The full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/class). |
order | The full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/order). |
family | The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/family). |
genus | The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/genus). |
subgenus | The full scientific name of the subgenus in which the taxon is classified. Values should include the genus to avoid homonym confusion (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/subgenus). |
specificEpithet | The name of the first or species epithet of the scientificName (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/specificEpithet). |
infraspecificEpithet | The name of the first or species epithet of the scientificName (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/specificEpithet). |
taxonRank | The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonRank). |
scientificNameAuthorship | The authorship information for the scientificName formatted according to the conventions of the applicable nomenclaturalCode (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameAuthorship). |
We thank the crew and scientists aboard RRS Discovery (III) Cruise 195 for their efforts in collecting the specimens digitised in this dataset. Thanks to Theodore Pietsch, who provided assistance in the identification of melanocetid anglerfish; to James Maclaine for his warm hospitality and help in locating specimens from D195 at the Natural History Museum; and to Matt Woodburn, who helped the authors to construct the search strings to navigate the NHM Data Portal. Funding in support of JR's travel to the NHM was provided by the University of Southampton. TH was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Climate Linked Atlantic Sector Science (CLASS) project (NE/R015953/1).