Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomy & Inventories
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Corresponding author: Dongsung Kim (dskim@kiost.ac.kr)
Academic editor: Diana Galassi
Received: 16 Jun 2023 | Accepted: 31 Jan 2024 | Published: 12 Feb 2024
© 2024 Je Hyeok Oh, Dongsung Kim, Wonchoel Lee
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Oh JH, Kim D, Lee W (2024) New genus of the family Laophontidae T. Scott, 1905 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from Hupo on the eastern coast of Korea. Biodiversity Data Journal 12: e108106. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e108106
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The Laophontidae is a very large and diverse family containing more than 320 species and 74 genera in the Harpacticoida. According to records published until recently, 25 species of 12 genera of Laophontidae were reported to appear in Korean waters. The most common laophontid species in Korean waters is Paralaophonte congenera (Sars, 1908). During research on the meiobenthic community in the subtidal zone near the Korean coast in the East Sea, we found an undescribed genus of the Laophontidae family. The character traits of this undescribed specimen of the Laophontidae family do not match any existing genus.
Herein, a new genus of the interstitial marine benthic copepods family Laophontidae T. Scott, 1905 is described from the subtidal zone near Hupo Harbour on the east coast of Korea. This genus was named Strictlaophonte gen. nov. and has been classified into the family Laophontidae. This was based on the presence of seven segmented female antennules, reduced antennary exopod, first endopodal segments having no inner setae from the second leg to the fourth leg and P5 with a distinct exopod that is not fused at the basis. The distinguishing features of Strictlaophonte gen. nov. are P5 exopod having only four setae, the P1 exopod having two segments and the antenna exopod having four setae. In particular, this new genus has unique characteristics in that the caudal rami are very tightly attached to each other.
Harpacticoid copepods, meiofauna, taxonomy, Strictlaophonte, East Sea, subtidal zone
The family Laophontidae T. Scott, 1905 is essentially marine, free-living and benthic, mainly inhabiting the intertidal zone or shallow subtidal habitats and is commonly found amongst algae and seagrass (
The type species, Laophonte cornuta, was published by
During research on the meiobenthic community in the subtidal zone near the Korean coast in the East Sea, we found an undescribed genus of the family Laophontidae. The subtidal sediments adjacent to Hupo are predominantly sandy and algae and seagrass are abundant in the water. Sandy bottoms are generally considered an unfavourable environment for meiofauna compared to mud, although copepods can successfully inhabit sandy sediments (
Samples were collected from the subtidal zone at Hupo on the east coast of Korea (Fig.
Laophontidae. Body slender, sub-cylindrical; urosome narrower than prosome and cephalothorax with integument coverted in pitted marks. Rostrum triangular and completely fused to cephalothorax. Genital field with pair of P6 widely separated and each leg represented by 2 setae. Sexual dimorphism in antennules, P3, P5, P6 and genital segmentation. Anal operculum convex, anal opening bordered by setular rows. Caudal rami with right and left rami including terminal seta tightly attached to each other. Antennule 7-segmented in female, 8-segmented in male; second segment with horn-shaped integumental protuberance. Antennary exopod with 4 setae. P1 exopod small, 2-segmented, not exceeding middle of Enp-1. P2-P4 all endopods 2-segmented and exopod 3-segmented, except male P3 endopod 3-segmented; enp-1 without inner and outer setae. Male P3 Enp-2 with 1 strong inner apophysis. Female P5 with 5 setae on endopod and 4 on exopod; endopodal lobe exceeding distal margin of small exopod; male endopodal and exopodal lobes vestigial, the former with 2 and the latter 3 setae. Type species monotypic.
The generic name is derived from the Latin 'strictus', meaning 'close' or 'tight', referring to the tightly attached caudal rami (including main setae on both rami).
Female: Body slender. Body length 1226 μm (range 1158 - 1292 μm, measured from anterior margin of rostrum to posterior margin of caudal rami). Largest width measured at posterior margin of cephalic shield: 185 μm. Entire body surface bumpy. Urosome narrower than prosome (Fig.
Cephalothorax with posterior margin fringed with small spinules and pattern of sensillae; integument coverted in pitted marks of various shapes and sizes. Rostrum triangular (Fig.
Urosome (Fig.
Genital double-somite (Fig.
Anal somite (Fig.
Caudal rami (Fig.
Antennule (Fig.
Antenna (Fig.
Mandible (Fig.
Maxillule (Fig.
Maxilla (Fig.
Maxilliped (Fig.
Thoracic legs 1–4 (Fig.
P1 (Fig.
P2–P4 (Fig.
Exopod | Endopod | |
P2 | 0.1.123 | 0.220 |
P3 | 0.1.223 | 0.321 [0.0.220 in ♂] |
P4 | 0.1.223 | 0.221 |
P5 (Fig.
Male: Smaller and more slender than female. Total body length 965 μm (ranging from 894 - 1026 μm) measured from anterior margin of rostrum to posterior margin of caudal rami. Largest width measured at posterior margin of cephalic shield: 132 μm. Urosome distinctly narrower than prosome (Fig.
Urosome (Fig.
Antennule 8-segmented (Fig.
P2–P4. As in female, except for P3 with sexual dimorphism.
P3 (Fig.
P5 (Fig.
P6 (Fig.
The species name refers to the region where the new species was discovered, Hupo Port on the east coast of Korea.
The Laophontidae taxon is known for being very large, diverse and sometimes having heterogeneous characteristics within the family (
The specimens analysed in our study exhibit all of the major characteristics generally shared by the Laophontidae family listed later. This family has a cylindrical body shape, reduced one-segment antennary exopod with 1–4 setae, P1 enp-1 without inner seta, P1 enp-2 with claw and 1 small accessory seta, p5 with a distinct exopod that is not fused at the basis and developed sexual dimorphism (
According to Well’s Key (
Strictlaophonte gen. nov. is closely related to the genera Bathylaophonte Lee W. & Huys, 1999 (see
The sexual dimorphism of the thoracic leg in the family Laophontidae is more frequent than that in any other family.
Strictlaophonte gen. nov. is characterised by closely-attached caudal rami, as well as terminal V setae that are tightly attached parallel to each other. The proximity of the caudal rami is mainly observed in planktonic copepods, such as the order Cyclopoida. This morphological feature is rarely seen in benthic harpacticoids, but some genera of the Aegisthidae family, which live in the deep sea and have completely different body shapes, shows similar morphology (
We sincerely thank Dr. Jong Guk Kim, Dr. Kyuhee Cho, and Dr. Jimin Lee for their assistance in preparing the manuscript. This research was supported by the project “Development of original technology to verify factors influencing barren ground on the East Sea coast according to climate change (PEA0205)” of the Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST).
Je Hyeok Oh conceived and designed the experiments, identified the specimens, wrote the manuscript, prepared figures and tables and approved the final draft. Dongsung Kim helped in the identification, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper and approved the final draft. Wonchoel Lee conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper and approved the final draft.