Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomic paper
|
Studies in Hawaiian Diptera II: New Distributional Records for Endemic Scatella (Ephydridae)
Corresponding author:
Academic editor: Torsten Dikow
Received: 10 May 2014 | Accepted: 29 Jul 2014 | Published: 18 Aug 2014
© 2014 Patrick O'Grady, Keith Arakaki, Neal Evenhuis
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
O'Grady P, Arakaki K, Evenhuis N (2014) Studies in Hawaiian Diptera II: New Distributional Records for Endemic Scatella (Ephydridae). Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1110. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1110
|
|
Here we summarize the known distributional data for the Hawaiian Scatella (Ephydridae). We report on four new island records; S. amnica and S. stagnalis from Kauai, S. oahuense from Lanai, and S. terryi from Maui. A list of material present, comprising over 3100 individual specimen records in the collections of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, University of Hawaii at Manoa, and Essig Musuem of Entomology at UC Berkeley is included, along with details distributional maps for the Hawaiian endemic species.
Hawaiian Islands, Diptera, Ephydridae, Scatella, distributions, new island records
Diptera research in Hawaii dates to the latter part of the 18th century when RCL Perkins was employed to survey the terrestrial biota of the Hawaiian Archipelago (
Ephydridae, or the shore flies, is a cosmopolitan family of ecologically diverse acalyptrate Diptera, with 2000 species placed in five subfamilies (
Distribution of Scatella species in Hawaii. Status indicates whether the species are endemic (E), introduced (I) or adventive (A). Islands sampled are: Kauai (K), Oahu (O), Molokai (Mo), Lanai (L), Maui (Ma), and Hawaii (H). Presence of a species on a given island is designated by an X. An asterisk denotes a new island record for the species. There are two species with records in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands: S. sexnotata (1) has also been recorded from Nihoa, Necker and Laysan, S. stagnalis (2) is known from Midway.
Species |
Status |
K |
O |
Mo |
L |
Ma |
H |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. amnica |
E |
X* |
X |
X |
X |
||
S. bryani |
E |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
S. cilipes |
E |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
S. cinereifacies |
E |
X |
|||||
S. clavipes |
E |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
S. femoralis |
E |
X |
|||||
S. fluvialis |
E |
X |
X |
||||
S. hawaiiensis |
E |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
S. kauaiensis |
E |
X |
|||||
S. mauiensis |
E |
X |
X |
X |
|||
S. oahuense |
E |
X |
X* |
X |
X |
||
S. sexnotata 1 |
I |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
S. stagnalis 2 |
A |
X* |
X |
X |
|||
S. terryi |
E |
X |
X* |
||||
S. warreni |
E |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
S. williamsi |
E |
X |
|||||
S. wirthi |
E |
X |
X |
We have reviewed the literature for the Hawaiian Scatella and have attempted to include infomation on both the taxonomic history of the species and all occurrences of the endemic taxa in the literature, including the original descriptions, subsequent revisions, additional descriptive notes, range expansions and new island records and catalogs. We list the primary type, paratypes and other material examined. We include all records from the EMEC and the BPBM. Additional material deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM) and the UHM are also presented here. All museum abbreviations conform to
All material was obtained from general sweeping of vegetation, seeps and streams. Samples were preserved in 95% ethanol (ETOH) and transported to UC Berkeley for identification and subsequent molecular work. The key and descriptions in
Distribution maps for each species were produced by combining literature records and the senior author's collections during the past 15 years. Historical collections, shown in red, were georeferenced based on known place names and collection localities. These localities may not be exact but will give the reader some notion of the distribution of these taxa. Placemarks in the .kml file (Suppl. materials
Hawaiian Islands: Kauai, Molokai, Maui, Hawaii.
Hawaiian Islands: Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii.
Hawaiian Islands: Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Hawaii.
Hawaiian Islands: Kauai.
Hawaiian Islands: Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Hawaii.
Hawaiian Islands: Maui.
Hawaiian Islands: Oahu, Hawaii.
Hawaiian Islands: Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii.
Hawaiian Islands: Kauai.
Hawaiian Islands: Molokai, Maui, Hawaii.
Hawaiian Islands: Oahu, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii.