Biodiversity Data Journal :
Research Article
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Corresponding author: Yanan Zheng (rockyya@163.com)
Academic editor: Vinicius S. Ferreira
Received: 17 Oct 2023 | Accepted: 08 Jan 2024 | Published: 17 Jan 2024
© 2024 Miao Yu, Jue Wang, Wenfeng Yan, Shiyu Kuang, Yanan Zheng
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Yu M, Wang J, Yan W, Kuang S, Zheng Y (2024) Inocellia (Amurinocellia) calida (Raphidioptera, Inocelliidae) was first observed as a predator of Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in China, the vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Aphelenchida, Aphelenchoididae). Biodiversity Data Journal 12: e114294. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e114294
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Monochamus saltuarius Gebler (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) serves as the primary carrier of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) (Aphelenchida, Aphelenchoididae) in the middle-temperate zone of China. Pine wilt disease caused by B. xylophilus leads to serious losses to pine forestry around the world. It is necessary to study the biological control of M. saltuarius to effectively prevent the further spread of B. xylophilus. To explore the insect resources that act as natural enemies of M. saltuarius, investigations were conducted on natural enemy insects by splitting Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc (Pinales, Pinaceae) damaged by M. saltuarius and dissecting their trunks in Yingpan Village, Fushun County, Fushun City, Liaoning Province, China, in 2023. A larva of Inocellia (Amurinocellia) calida (H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck) (Raphidioptera, Inocelliidae) was discovered in the trunk of an infested P. koraiensis. Additionally, the feeding habits of I. calida were preliminarily examined under indoor conditions and a description of its morphological characteristics was provided. When placed in an indoor environment, the I. calida larva began pupating after a period of 21 days, during which time it consumed and attacked a total of 23 M. saltuarius larvae. Ultimately, after a pupal period of ten days, the I. calida larva emerged successfully as an adult. This discovery marks the first recorded presence of I. calida in Liaoning Province and the first documentation of I. calida in China, serving as a natural predatory enemy of M. saltuarius.
Inocellia (Amurinocellia) calida, Monochamus saltuarius, morphology characters, feeding habit
Pine wilt disease is a worldwide forest disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Steiner & Buhrer (Aphelenchida, Aphelenchoididae) (
The species Inocellia (Amurinocellia) calida (H. Aspock & U. Aspock) (Raphidioptera, Inocelliidae) (
This study is the first to report that I. calida is a predator of M. saltuarius in China. Additionally, ecological information and specimen photos of I. calida were presented.
In March 2023, P. koraiensis infected by B. xylophilus and its vector M. saltuarius were cut into one-metre-long logs in Yingpan Village, Fushun County, Liaoning Province, China (
We only found one female of I. calida, its examination being carried out using a Zeiss Stemi508 stereomicroscope and the species identification was based on naturally dried specimens. Specimens were photographed using a Nikon D610 camera and Tuli 100 mm F2.8 lens. The species of natural enemy insects were identified using morphological methods (
For the insect-raising experiment, logs of P. koraiensis measuring 100 × 50 × 50 mm were used. A middle groove with dimensions of 30 × 10 × 10 mm was carved into one side of each log. Larvae, pupae and adults of M. saltuarius were placed in the grooves of the insect-raising logs, while I. calida larvae were placed in separate logs. These two sets of logs were then placed inside a transparent plastic box (
Inocellia (Amurinocellia) calida H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1973: 47. Type locality: Russia (Khabarovsk in Amur-Region).
Female: Body length 12.90 mm, body width 2.60 mm, wing length 26.04 mm (Fig.
The larva of I. calida (Fig.
Previous research has indicated that Inocelliidae are predatory insects with a broad prey range (
Previous studies have documented that Inocelliidae larvae undergo 10-11 instars (
In this research, I. calida was discovered in P. koraiensis logs infected by B. xylophilus and M. saltuarius. This marks the first documented occurrence of I. calida in Liaoning Province and as a predator of M. saltuarius. This study was conducted under artificial conditions and the feeding range and amount of I. calida larvae under natural conditions were not yet clear. In our experiments, I. calida was provided with larvae, pupae and adults of M. saltuarius, but it primarily targeted the larvae for biting. Further research is needed to explore the developmental duration, predation targets and feeding preferences of I. calida in its natural habitat.
This work was supported by Applied Basic Research Program of Liaoning Province [grant numbers: 2023JH2/101300130]. We thank Xingyue Liu at China Agricultural University and Liangming Cao at Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China for helping with the species identification and the Dahuofang experimental forest farm for supporting this study.
The Applied Basic Research Program of Liaoning Province [grant numbers: 2023JH2/101300130]
Yu M: Methodology, Investigation, Writing—original draft; Wang J: Investigation, Writing—original draft; Yan WF: Investigation; Kuang SY: Investigation; Zheng YN: Conceptualisation, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing—review and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.