Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomy & Inventories
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Corresponding author: Phong Huy Pham (phong.wasp@gmail.com)
Academic editor: Silas Bossert
Received: 17 Oct 2023 | Accepted: 24 Apr 2024 | Published: 21 May 2024
© 2024 Phong Pham, Alexander Antropov, Hieu Nguyen
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Pham P, Antropov AV, Nguyen H (2024) Description of Trypoxylon sicklum sp. nov. from Vietnam and a key to species in the Trypoxylon fulvocollare group (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 12: e114333. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e114333
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Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) consists of 633 known species worldwide and the genus is divided into numerous species groups. In Vietnam, 19 species of Trypoxylon have been recorded to date. In this study, a new species, Trypoxylon sicklum Pham and Antropov sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam. The new species is the second member of the Trypoxylon fulvocollare species group. A key to species in the Trypoxylon fulvocollaris group is presented.
Trypoxylon sicklum Pham and Antropov sp. nov., is described as a new species and is the second member of the Trypoxylon fulvocollare species group. A key to species in the Trypoxylon fulvocollaris group is presented.
Crabronidae, new species, taxonomy, Trypoxylon, Vietnam
Trypoxylon is worldwide in distribution with 633 described species. These wasps are solitary members of the family Crabronidae (
In Vietnam,
Sampling was carried out using trap nests, which were placed on horizontal branches, 1 - 2.5 m from the ground with their entrances orientated south and north. The trap nests were maintained in the field from 15 to 20 days. Trap nests occupied by Trypoxylon were collected and wasps were reared under laboratory conditions. Adult wasps that emerged from these trap nests were kept, euthanised with a killing jar charged with ethyl acetate, pinned and described with the aid of a light stereomicroscope (Nikon SMZ745). Photographic images were taken using a Nikon SMZ800N microscope camera. Morphological terms used in the text follow
Specimens examined including the holotype and the paratype of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
The following abbreviations are used in the text:
Female. Body length 14.2 mm, forewing length 10.3 mm.
Colour. Body black with following parts yellow: A1–A4; base of A5; band immediately after apical margin of clypeus; base of mandible; maxillary and labial palps; tegula; pronotal collar; pronotal lobe; fore coxa; base of mid- and hind-coxae; fore- and mid-trochanters ventrally, femora, tibiae, and tarsi; half of base of hind tibia; lateral sides of petiole, broad base of G2 and G3; apical bands of G1–G5. Following parts ferruginous: apical margin of clypeus; apical two-thirds of mandible; two-thirds of apex of A5, A6–A12; hind trochanter, femur, half apex of tibia and tarsi; half base of petiole dorsally; sides and ventral surface of G6. Veins of wings yellow to brown.
Vestiture. Golden on head and mesosoma, white on metasoma.
Head (Fig.
Mesosoma (Fig.
Metasoma (Fig.
Male. Body length 12.6 mm, forewing length 9.1 mm.
Structures as in female, but differing as follows:
Colour. A1–A7 yellow; A8–A13, half apex of clypeus, maxillary and labial palps ferruginous, half apex of mandible black.
Head (Fig.
Metasoma (Fig.
Genitalia (Fig.
The new species runs close to T. shakha Tsuneki, 1979 in a key ofTrypoxylon of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia (Tsuneki 1979). In T. shakha and in the newly-described species, the females display the following characters: vertex depressed below level of upper eye margin; PAF flat-bottomed; occipital carina complete; propodeum without lateral carinae, dorsal area with furrow; frons, mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum and propodeum with small sparse punctures. Following parts with yellow integument: A1–A4, pronotal collar, fore- and mid-legs, except broad base of mid-coxa, tergal base of G2–G4, apical bands of G3–G5. Vestiture golden on head and mesosoma. Females of the new species differ from those of T. shakha as follows: Clypeus round apically (in T. shakha, clypeus not round apically, with median margin highly protruded and truncated apically); PAF shallow (in T. shakha, PAF deep); SAT dorsally with medial carina short, not enlarged, not broadly excavated (in T. shakha, SAT dorsally with median carina enlarged into a smooth and round area and broadly excavated); ASR moderately raised (in T. shakha, ASR highly raised, bicarinate on apex); vestiture white on metasoma (in T. shakha, vestiture golden on metasoma).
The specific name of this new species refers to the sickle shape of the penis valve.
Vietnam: Vinh Phuc Province.
Key to species in the Trypoxylon fulvocollare group, females |
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1 | Vertex depressed much below level of upper eye margins; distance between inner margins of hind ocelli equal to distance between inner margin of eye and outer margin of hind ocellus; propodeum with lateral carinae, dorsal area without lateral furrows; petiole as long as G2 and G3 combined | T. fulvocollare Cameron, 1904 |
– | Vertex depressed moderately below level of upper eye margins; distance between inner margins of hind ocelli 2× distance between inner margin of eye and outer margin of hind ocellus; propodeum without lateral carinae, dorsal area with lateral furrows; petiole much longer than G2 and G3 combined | T. sicklum sp. nov. Pham & Antropov |
Key to species in the Trypoxylon fulvocollare group, males |
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1 | A13 as long as A8–A12 combined; petiole with length 4-5× its apical width; subapical part of ventral lobe of paramere with rather dense, erect setae; sickle brownish-yellow, lightly to moderately curved; inner margin of ventral lobe and that of outer area of basiparamere in a line straight or slightly curved medially | T. fulvocollare Cameron, 1904 |
– | A13 shorter than A8–A12 combined; petiole with length 3.5× its apical width; subapical part of ventral lobe of paramere with some long, erect setae; sickle conspicuously curved, with apical part black; inner margin of ventral lobe and that of outer area of basiparamere in a line moderately curved medially | T. sicklum sp. nov. Pham & Antropov |
As the male of T. shaka is unknown, it has not been placed in any Trypoxylon species group. External morphological characters of females of T. shakha are similar to those of T. sicklum sp. nov., suggesting that T. shakha may be a member of the T. fulvocollare species group. To clear this matter, future morphological studies on males of T. shaka are required.
Trypoxylon sicklum sp. nov. was found in a montane forest habitat, about 350 m in elevation, in Vinh Phuc Province of Vietnam. The wasp used two trap nests for its nesting site. Most Trypoxylon species construct their nests in pre-existing cavities, such as holes in wood, bamboo and other plant stems and in abandoned mud nests of other wasps. Use of trap nests is common in Trypoxylon and has been reported for various species, such as T. carinatum, T. frigidum, T. kolazyi, T. clavatum, T. collinum, T. lactitarse and T. tridentatum (see
The authors thank Dr. Wojciech J. Pulawski, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA for providing the respective literature and Mrs. Khuc Thi Ut for her help in collecting voucher specimens. We are grateful to Dr. Silas Bossert, subject editor, Dr. Richard Zack and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable and helpful comments on the manuscript. This research is funded by the Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training and Hanoi Pedagogical University 2 under grant number B.2021-SP2-07 to the third author. Fieldwork was financed by the Biodiversity Conservation Organization IDEA WILD, Fort Collins, U.S.A. through funding to the first author.
The authors confirm their contribution in the paper as follows: Ph.H.P. conceived the ideas, designed the methodology, collected the data and led the writing of the manuscript; H.V.N collected and analysed the data; A.V.A. supported writing the manuscript and edited the text. All authors contributed critically to the drafts and gave final approval for publication.