Biodiversity Data Journal : Taxonomy & Inventories
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Taxonomy & Inventories
Diversity pattern of insects from Macao based on an updated species checklist after 25 years
expand article infoChunlan Xian, Chi Man Leong§,|, Jiuyang Luo, Fenglong Jia, Hongxiang Han, Qiang Xie
‡ School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
§ Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beijing normal university – Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| Macao Entomological Society, Estrada Coronel Nicolau de Mesquita, Macao SAR, China
¶ Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Open Access

Abstract

Background

Insects represent one of the most diverse groups in the organism world with extremely rich species and morphological diversity, playing important roles in natural and city ecosystems. Regional compilation of insect species lists helps to clarify the richness of insect species in a region, enhances our understanding the structure and function of a local ecosystem and promotes the protection and development of insect resources. Moreover, it also serves as a valuable reference for cities with small area, large population and high urbanisation like Macao. Macao (Macau) Special Administrative Region (SAR) is situated at the Pearl River Delta on the southeast coast of mainland China. With urban development accelerating at great rate in a quite restricted area, Macao still has rich fauna, within which the insect diversity is surprisingly high.

New information

In this study, we systematically sorted out major references items of manuals or handbooks, monographs, articles, dissertations, official websites and other publicly available information sources about the insects recorded in Macao and, thus, generated a checklist of 15 orders, 166 families, 868 genera, 1,339 species and 118 subspecies. During this process, the preliminarily summarised list was re-examined to eliminate synonyms and invalid species, based on many more extensive literature reviews. Besides, spelling errors of scientific names, authors and years were corrected. Meanwhile, the catalogue revealed a different composition pattern of species diversity between orders from those of the world and China. Even based on the most conservative estimates, the number of insect species in Macao should not be lower than 3,340 species, which hints at the necessity of deeper investigations with adequate collecting in the future to achieve more comprehensive recognition and understanding of Macao’s insect biodiversity.

Keywords

biodiversity, insect, checklist, fauna Macao

Introduction

Insects are the most diverse organism groups with dominant number of species on Earth, involving vast ecological niches. They play crucial roles in various ecosystems, including pollination, seed dispersal, decomposition etc. Currently, there are roughly one million known insect species worldwide (Grimaldi and Engel 2005), accounting for around half of all known cellular organisms and about two–thirds of all animal species. Their common ancestor originated in the Middle Ordovician (Wang et al. 2023). Based on recent phylogenetic studies, extant insect orders are currently classified into 27–28 orders (McKenna and Farrell 2010, Ishiwata et al. 2011, Misof et al. 2014, Peters et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2016, Johnson et al. 2018, Wipfler et al. 2019,Wang et al. 2023). The six largest orders are Coleoptera (386,755 species), Diptera (157,971 species), Lepidoptera (157,761 species), Hymenoptera (154,067 species), Hemiptera (107,401 species) and Orthoptera (26,107 species) (Foottit and Adler 2017). Based on the existing catalogues, monographs, articles etc., China had close to 100,000 insect species until 2006 and the six largest orders are Coleoptera (23,643 species), Lepidoptera (17,786 species), Diptera (15,404 species), Hymenoptera (12,517 species), Hemiptera (11,973 species) and Orthoptera (2,716 species), respectively (Shen 2015).

Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) is located in the subtropical region of the southern Pearl River Delta, at the intersection of the Chinese mainland and the South China Sea. It falls within the South China entomogeographic region (Shen 2015).It has an area of 33.3 km2 and one of the most densely populated places on the planet. The climate of Macao is classified as subtropical maritime monsoon with an average annual temperature of 22.7℃, a relative humidity of around 82% and a mean annual precipitation of approximately 2030.8 mm (DSEC 2023). The hot and humid climate, combined with its geographical location where water and land meet, provide favourable natural conditions for plant growth and animal foraging in Macao. Despite its small area and highly urbanisation, Macao has a rich insect diversity due to its diverse habitats, including wetlands, shrublands, forests and urban areas (Li et al. 2018, Li 2023). The Manual de insectsos de Macao authored by Pun and Batalha (1997) is the earliest integrative monograph on the insect fauna of Macao. The authors spent over a decade conducting surveys and compiling a checklist of the insect species in Macao. According to the taxonomy system at that time, it included a total of nine orders, 99 families and 450 species. Since 1996, different scholars have conducted different degrees of research on insect fauna of Macao based on morphology (Table 1), which totally contains 1,269 species names then (not 1,269 species) belonging to eight orders. Additionally, although such research provided a general understanding of the insect fauna in Macao, there still existed numerous fragmented species records, which consisted of considerably valuable information as a total and could not be neglected. Therefore, it is necessary to update the species catalogue of Macao’s insect fauna. Apart from that, we hope to raise awareness amongst more experts about diversity patterns of insect in cities like Macao.

Table 1.

Specific bibliography of Macao's insects in 1996–2023.

Author (year)

Order

Species

Easton and Pun (1996)

Lepidoptera

145

Easton and Pun (1997a)

Hemiptera

59

Easton and Pun (1997b)

Lepidoptera

1

Ribeiro (1997)

Diptera

1

Ramos et al. (1997)

Diptera

35

Easton and Liang (2000)

Odonata

27

Qu (2001)

Diptera

37

Ke and Mai (2003)

Diptera

1

Mo et al. (2006)

Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera

62

Yu and Huang (2006)

Diptera

7

Wilson and Xu (2007)

Odonata

8

Mendes and Sousa (2007)

Lepidoptera

75

Sun et al. (2010)

Diptera

2

Xiao (2012)

Blattodea

9

Li et al. (2015)

Odonata

35

Huang et al. (2016)

Lepidoptera

65

Leong et al. (2017)

Hymenoptera

113

Leong (2017)

Hymenoptera

1

Leong et al. (2018)

Hymenoptera

1

Wong and Guénard (2020)

Hymenoptera

6

Brassard et al. (2020)

Hymenoptera

9

Brassard et al. (2021)

Hymenoptera

126

Perissinotto and Clennell (2021)

Coleoptera

11

Lin et al. (2021)

Coleoptera

52

Perissinotto and Lu (2022)

Coleoptera

12

Perissinotto et al. (2023)

Lepidoptera

1

Li (2023)

Lepidoptera

368

Materials and methods

The geographical scope of this work is Macao, which has an area of 33.3 km2 and population density as 20,300 inhabitants per km2 (DSEC 2023). This catalogue is primarily based on the publicly available literature and online resources. It does not include any information of museums and private collections other than those already present in literature, websites and other publicly available information sources.The specific steps for the compilation of this information are as follows:

  1. Gathering all manuals or handbooks, monographs, articles, dissertations, official websites and other publicly available information sources about insects recorded in Macao, preliminarily summarising a list of species mentioned in these sources;
  2. As usual, eliminated synonyms and unverifiable species names and supplemented missing information of the author and years in scientific names;
  3. Discussing the pattern of insect diversity in Macao, based on the newly-compiled catalogue of insect species. The order names were arranged according to the account of species and the families, genera and species were arranged alphabetically.

Checklist of species from Macao

Order Lepidoptera

Family Arctiidae

Genus Amata Fabricius, 1807

Amata atkinsoni (Moore, 1878)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Amata germana (Felder & Felder, 1862)

Amata germana subsp. germana (Felder & Felder, 1862)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1996)

Amata grotei (Moore, 1871)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1996)

Amata polymita (Sparrman, 1769)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Amata sperbius (Fabricius, 1787)

Notes: 

Easton (1992)

Genus Amerila Walker, 1855

Amerila astreus (Drury, 1773)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1996)

Genus Argina Hübner, 1819

Argina astrea (Drury, 1773)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1996)

Genus Baroa Moore, 1878

Baroa vatala Swinhoe, 1894

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Creatonotos Hübner, 1819

Creatonotos gangis (Linnaeus, 1763)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1996)

Creatonotos transiens (Walker, 1855)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1996)

Genus Cyana Walker, 1854

Cyana alborosea (Walker, 1864)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Eilema Hübner, 1819

Eilema hunanica (Daniel, 1954)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Eilema vicaria (Walker, 1854)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Macrobrochis Herrich-Schäffer, 1855

Macrobrochis gigas (Walker, 1854)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Miltochrista Hübner, 1819

Miltochrista striata (Bremer & Grey, 1853)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Nyctemera Hübner, 1820

Nyctemera adversata (Schaller, 1788)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Nyctemera lacticinia (Cramer, 1777)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Nyctemera tripunctaria (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Spilarctia Butler, 1875

Spilarctia bisecta (Leech, 1888)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Spilarctia robusta (Leech, 1899)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Syntomoides Hampson, 1893

Syntomoides imaon (Cramer, 1780)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Utetheisa Hübner, 1819

Utetheisa lotrix (Cramer, 1779)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Family Attevidae

Genus Atteva Walker, 1854

Atteva fabriciella (Swederus, 1787)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Family Bombycidae

Genus Ernolatia Walker, 1862

Ernolatia moorei (Hutton, 1865)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Ocinara Walker, 1856

Ocinara albicollis (Walker, 1862)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Ocinara nitida Chu & Wang, 1993

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Family Cossidae

Genus Zeuzera Latreille, 1804

Zeuzera coffeae Nietner, 1861

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Family Crambidae

Genus Aethaloessa Lederer, 1863

Aethaloessa calidalis (Guenee, 1854)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Aethaloessa floridalis (Zeller, 1852)

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Agathodes Guenée, 1854

Agathodes ostentalis (Geyer, 1837)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Anania Hübner, 1823

Anania coclesalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Ategumia Amsel, 1956

Ategumia adipalis (Lederer, 1863)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Ancylolomia Hübner, 1825

Ancylolomia japonica Zeller, 1877

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Bocchoris Hübner, 1818

Bocchoris inspersalis (Zeller, 1852)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Botyodes Guenée, 1854

Botyodes asialis Guenée, 1854

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Botyodes caldusalis Walker, 1859

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Botyodes diniasalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Botyodes principalis Leech, 1889

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Bradina Lederer, 1863

Bradina atopalis (Walker, 1858)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Camptomastix Warren, 1892

Camptomastix hisbonalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Chilo Zincken, 1817

Chilo suppressalis (Walker, 1863)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Cirrhochrista Lederer, 1863

Cirrhochrista brizoalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Cirrhochrista kosemponialis Strand, 1919

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Cnaphalocrocis Lederer, 1863

Cnaphalocrocis limbalis (Wileman, 1911)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée, 1854)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Cotachena Moore, 1885

Cotachena histricalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Conogethes Meyrick, 1884

Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée, 1854)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Crypsiptya Meyrick, 1934

Crypsiptya coclesalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Diaphania Hübner, 1818

Diaphania annulata (Fabricius, 1794)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Diaphania bicolor (Swainson, 1821)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Diaphania bivitralis Guenée, 1854

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Diaphania indica (Saunders, 1851)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Diasemia Hübner, 1825

Diasemia accalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Epipagis Hübner, 1825

Epipagis cancellalis (Zeller, 1852)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1996)

Genus Euclasta Lederer, 1855

Euclasta defamatalis Walker, 1859

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Euclasta vitralis Maes, 1997

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Eurrhyparodes Snellen, 1880

Eurrhyparodes bracteolalis (Zeller, 1852)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Glyphodes Guenée, 1854

Glyphodes bicolor (Swainson, 1821)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Glyphodes biνitralis (Guenée, 1854)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Glyphodes caesalis Walker, 1859

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Glyphodes canthusalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Glyphodes onychinalis (Guenée, 1854)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Glyphodes strialis (Wang, 1963)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Haritalodes Warren, 1890

Haritalodes derogate (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Hemiscopis Warren, 1890

Hemiscopis sanguinea Bänziger, 1987

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Heortia Lederer, 1863

Heortia vitessoides (Moore, 1885)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Herpetogramma Lederer, 1863

Herpetogramma basalis (Walker, 1866)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Herpetogramma cynaralis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Herpetogramma licarsisalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Herpetogramma luctuosalis (Guenée, 1854)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Herpetogramma rudis Warren, 1892

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Herpetogramma submarginalis (Swinhoe, 1901)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Hyalobathra Meyrick, 1885

Hyalobathra coenostolalis (Snellen, 1890)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Hyalobathra opheltesalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Hydriris Meyrick, 1885

Hydriris ornatalis (Duponchel, 1832)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Hymenia Hübner, 1825

Hymenia perspectalis (Hübner, 1796)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Hymenia recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Ischnurges Lederer, 1863

Ischnurges gratiosalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Isocentris Meyrick, 1887

Isocentris aequalis (Lederer, 1863)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Lamprosema Hübner, 1823

Lamprosema tampiusalis Walker, 1859

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Mabra Moore, 1885

Mabra charonialis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Mabra eryxalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Maruca Walker, 1859

Maruca testulalis (Geyer, 1832)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Maruca vitrata (Fabricius, 1787)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1996)

Genus Nacoleia Walker, 1859

Nacoleia charesalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Nacoleia commixta (Butler, 1879)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Nacoleia tampiusalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Nausinoe Hübner, 1825

Nausinoe geometralis (Guenee, 1854)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1996)

Nausinoe perspectata (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Nephelobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1970

Nephelobotys habisalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Nomophila Hübner, 1825

Nomophila nocteulla (Denis & Schiffermlüller, 1775)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Nosophora Lederer, 1863

Nosophora semitritalis (Lederer, 1863)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Notarcha Meyrick, 1884

Notarcha quatemalis (Zeller, 1852)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Nymphula Schrank, 1802

Nymphula fluctuosalis Zeller, 1852

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Omiodes Guenée, 1854

Omiodes indicata (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Omphisa Moore, 1886

Omphisa anastomosalis Guenée, 1854

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Parapoynx Hübner, 1825

Parapoynx diminutalis Snellen, 1880

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Parapoynx fluctuosalis (Zeller, 1852)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Palpita Hübner, 1808

Palpita munroei Inoue, 1996

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Palpita nigropunctalis (Bremer, 1864)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Parotis Hübner, 1831

Parotis angustalis (Snellen, 1875)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Parotis suralis (Lederer, 1863)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Patania Moore, 1888

Patania chlorophanta (Butler, 1878)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Pleuroptya Meyrick, 1890

Pleuroptya balteata (Fabricius, 1798)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Poliobotys Shaffer & Munroe, 2007

Poliobotys ablactalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Prophantis Warren, 1896

Prophantis adusta Inoue, 1986

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Pseudocatharylla Bleszynski, 1961

Pseudocatharylla duplicella (Hampson, 1895)

Notes: 

Mo et al. (2006)

Pseudocatharylla simplex (Zeller, 1877)

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Pycnarmon Lederer, 1863

Pycnarmon cribrata (Fabricius, 1794)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Rehimena Lederer, 1863

Rehimena phrynealis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Rehimena surusalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Sameodes Snellen, 1880

Sameodes cancellalis (Zeller, 1852)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Schoenobius Duponchel, 1836

Schoenobius gigantellum (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Scirpophaga Treitschke, 1832

Scirpophaga excerptalis (Walker, 1863)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker, 1863)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Sclerocona Meyrick, 1890

Sclerocona acutellus (Eversmann, 1842)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Spoladea Guenée, 1854

Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Syllepte Hübner, 1823

Syllepte derogata (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Talanga Moore, 1885

Talanga sexpunctalis (Moore, 1877)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Tatobotys Butler, 1880

Tatobotys biannulalis (Walker, 1866)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890

Thliptoceras formosanum Munroe & Mutuura, 1968

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Trichophrsetis Pagenstecher, 1909

Trichophrsetis cretacea (Butler, 1879)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Tryporyza Common, 1960

Tryporyza nivella (Fabricius, 1794)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Tyspanodes Warren, 1891

Tyspanodes linealis (Moore, 1867)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Udea Guenée, 1845

Udea ferrugalis (Hübner, 1796)

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Family Drepanidae

Genus Drapetodes Guenée, 1858

Drapetodes mitaria Guenee, 1857

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Oreta Walker, 1855

Oreta hoenei Watson, 1967

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Family Elachistidae

Genus Ethmia Hübner, 1819

Ethmia lineatonotella (Moore, 1867)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Family Geometridae

Genus Abraxas Leach, 1815

Abraxas nanlingensis Inoue, 2005

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Abraxas neomartania Inoue, 1970

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Abraxas plumbeata Cockerell, 1906

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Agathia Guenée, 1858

Agathia lycaenaria (Kollar, 1844)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Antitrygodes Warren, 1895

Antitrygodes divisaria (Walker, 1861)

Antitrygodes divisaria subsp. perturbatus Prout, 1914

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Ascotis Hübner, 1825

Ascotis selenaria (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Biston Leach, 1815

Biston marginata Shiraki, 1913

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Biston suppressaria (Guenée, 1858)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Chiasmia Hübner, 1823

Chiasmia emersaria (Walker, 1861)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Chiasmia pluviata (Fabricius, 1798)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Cleora Curtis, 1825

Cleora fraterna (Moore, 1888)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Dysphania Hübner, 1819

Dysphania militaris (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Dasyboarmia Prout, 1928

Dasyboarmia subpilosa (Warren, 1894)

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Ectropis Hübner, 1825

Ectropis crepuscularia (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Eumelea Duncan & Westwood, 1841

Eumelea biflavata Warren, 1896

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Eumelea ludovicata Guenée, 1857

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Fascellina Walker, 1860

Fascellina plagiata (Walker, 1866)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Herochroma Swinhoe, 1893

Herochroma cristata (Warren, 1894)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Hydrelia Hübner, 1825

Hydrelia rufigrisea (Warren, 1893)

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Hyposidra Guenée, 1858

Hyposidra infixaria (Walker, 1860)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Hyposidra talaca (Walker, 1860)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Idaea Treitschke, 1825

Idaea impexa Butler, 1879

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Krananda Moore, 1868

Krananda latimarginaria Leech, 1891

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1996)

Krananda straminearia (Leech, 1897)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Menophra Moore, 1887

Menophra tienmuensis (Wehrli, 1941)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Nothomiza Warren, 1894

Nothomiza flavicosta Prout, 1914

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Obeidia Walker, 1862

Obeidia tigrata (Guenée, 1857)

Obeidia tigrata subsp. neglecta Thierry-Mieg, 1899

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Ourapteryx Leach, 1814

Ourapteryx clara (Butler, 1880)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Perixera Meyrick, 1886

Perixera minorata (Warren, 1897)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Pingasa Moore, 1887

Pingasa chlora (Stoll, 1782)

Pingasa chlora subsp. crenaria Guenée, 1858

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1996)

Pingasa chloroides Galsworthy, 1998

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Pingasa ruginaria (Guenée, 1858)

Pingasa ruginaria subsp. pacifica Inoue, 1964

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Problepsis Lederer, 1853

Problepsis paredra Prout, 1917

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Psilalcis Warren, 1893

Psilalcis breta (Swinhoe, 1890)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Pylargosceles Prout, 1930

Pylargosceles steganioides (Butler, 1878)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Ruttellerona Swinhoe, 1894

Ruttellerona pseudocessaria Holloway, 1994

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Scopula Schrank, 1802

Scopula personata (Prout, 1913)

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Thalassodes Guenée, 1857

Thalassodes immissaria Walker, 1861

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Timandra Duponchel, 1829

Timandra comptaria Walker, 1863

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Timandra recompta (Prout, 1930)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Traminda Saalmüller, 1891

Traminda aventiaria (Guenée, 1857)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Family Hesperiidae

Genus Ampittia Moore, 1881

Ampittia dioscorides (Fabricius, 1793)

Ampittia dioscorides subsp. etura (Mabille, 1891)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Astictopterus Felder & Felder, 1860

Astictopterus jama Felder & Felder, 1860

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Baoris Moore, 1881

Baoris farri Moore, 1878

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Borbo Evans, 1949

Borbo bevani Moore, 1878

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Borbo cinnara (Wallace, 1866)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Caltoris Swinhoe, 1893

Caltoris bromus Leech, 1844

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Choaspes Moore, 1881

Choaspes hemixantha Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Choaspes hemixantha subsp. furcata Evans, 1932

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1997b)

Genus Erionota Mabille, 1878

Erionota torus Evans, 1941

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Hasora Moore, 1881

Hasora anura De Nicéville, 1889

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Hasora chromus (Cramer, 1780)

Hasora chromus subsp. chromus (Cramer, 1780)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Hasora vitta (Butler, 1870)

Hasora vitta subsp. indica Evans, 1932

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Hyarotis Moore, 1881

Hyarotis adrastus (Moore, 1866)

Hyarotis adrastus subsp. prabus (Moore, 1866)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Lotongus Distant, 1886

Lotongus saralus (Nicéville, 1889)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Parnara Moore, 1881

Parnara ganga Evans, 1937

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Parnara guttata (Bremer & Grey, 1853)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Pelopidas Walker, 1870

Pelopidas agna (Moore, 1866)

Pelopidas agna subsp. agna (Moore, 1866)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Pelopidas assamensis De Nicéville, 1882

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Pelopidas conjuncta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)

Pelopidas conjuncta subsp. conjuncta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Pelopidas mathias (Fabricius, 1798)

Pelopidas mathias subsp. oberthueri Evans, 1937

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Polytremis Mabille, 1904

Polytremis lubricans (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Potanthus Scudder, 1872

Potanthus confucius (Felder & Felder, 1862)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Potanthus trachalus (Mabille, 1878)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Tagiades Hübner, 1819

Tagiades litigiosa Möschler, 1878

Tagiades litigiosa subsp. litigiosa Möschler, 1878

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Suastus Moore, 1881

Suastus gremius (Fabricius, 1798)

Suastus gremius subsp. gremius (Fabricius, 1798)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Telicota Moore, 1881

Telicota ancilla (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)

Telicota ancilla subsp. horisha Evans, 1934

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Telicota colon (Fabricius, 1775)

Telicota colon subsp. stinga Evans, 1949

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Telicota formosana Fruhstorfer, 1911

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Telicota ohara Plötz, 1883

Telicota ohara subsp. formosana Fruhstorfer, 1911

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1997b)

Genus Udaspes Moore, 1881

Udaspes folus (Cramer, 1775)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Family Lasiocampidae

Genus Dendrolimus Germar, 1812

Dendrolimus punctatus (Walker, 1855)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Euthrix Meigen, 1830

Euthrix laeta (Walker, 1855)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Odenestis Germar, 1812

Odenestis vita Moore, 1859

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Trabala Walker, 1856

Trabala vishnou (Lefebvre, 1827)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Family Limacodidae

Genus Oxyplax Hampson, 1893

Oxyplax pallivitta (Moore, 1877)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Quasinarosa Solovyev & Witt, 2009

Quasinarosa corusca (Wileman, 1911)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Thosea Walker, 1855

Thosea loesa (Moore, 1860)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Thosea sinensis (Walker, 1855)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Family Lycaenidae

Genus Acytolepis Toxopeus, 1927

Acytolepis puspa (Horsfield, 1828)

Acytolepis puspa subsp. gisca (Fruhstorfer, 1910)

Notes: 

Mendes and Sousa (2007)

Acytolepis puspa subsp. myla (Fruhstorfer, 1909)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Arhopala Boisduval, 1832

Arhopala bazala (Hewitson, 1862)

Arhopala bazala subsp. teesta (Nicéville, 1886)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Artipe Boisduval, 1870

Artipe eryx (Linnaeus, 1771)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Catochrysops Boisduval, 1832

Catochrysops strabo (Fabricius, 1793)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Celastrina Tutt, 1906

Celastrina lavendularis (Moore, 1877)

Notes: 

Huang et al. 2016

Genus Chilades Moore, 1881

Chilades lajus (Stoll, 1780)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Chilades pandava (Horsfield, 1829)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Cigaritis Donzel, 1847

Cigaritis lohita (Horsfield, 1829)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Deudorix Hewitson, 1863

Deudorix epijarbas (Moore, 1857)

Deudorix epijarbas subsp. menesicles Fruhstorfer, 1912

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Euchrysops Butler, 1900

Euchrysops cnejus (Fabricius, 1798)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Everes Hübner, 1819

Everes lacturnus (Godart, 1824)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Jamides Hübner, 1819

Jamides alecto (Felder, 1860)

Notes: 

Huang et al. (2016)

Jamides bochus (Stoll, 1782)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Jamides celeno (Cramer, 1775)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Iraota Moore, 1881

Iraota timoleon (Stoll, 1783)

Iraota timoleon subsp. timoleon (Stoll, 1783)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Lampides Hübner, 1819

Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus, 1767)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Nacaduba Moore, 1881

Nacaduba kurava (Moore, 1857)

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Neopithecops Distant, 1884

Neopithecops zalmora (Butler, 1870)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Pseudozizeeria Beuret, 1955

Pseudozizeeria maha (Kollar, 1844)

Pseudozizeeria maha subsp. maha (Kollar, 1844)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Rapala Moore, 1881

Rapala manea (Hewitson, 1863)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Rapala nissa (Kollar, 1844)

Rapala nissa subsp. nissa (Kollar, 1844)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Spindasis Wallengren, 1857

Spindasis lohita (Horsfield, 1829)

Spindasis lohita subsp. formosan (Moore, 1877)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Tajuria Moore, 1881

Tajuria cippus (Fabricius, 1798)

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Zeltus Nicéville, 1889

Zeltus amasa (Hewitson, 1869)

Zeltus amasa subsp. amasa (Hewitson, 1869)

Notes: 

Perissinotto et al. (2023)

Genus Zizeeria Chapman, 1910

Zizeeria karsandra (Moore, 1865)

Notes: 

Yang et al. (2011)

Genus Zizina Chapman, 1910

Zizina otis (Fabricius, 1787)

Zizina otis subsp. otis (Fabricius, 1787)

Notes: 

Mendes and Sousa (2007)

Family Lymantriidae

Genus Aroa Walker, 1855

Aroa substrigosa Walker, 1855

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Dasychira Hübner, 1809

Dasychira chekiangensis Collentte, 1938

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Euproctis Hübner, 1819

Euproctis bipunctapex (Hampson, 1891)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Euproctis catapasta Collenette, 1951

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Euproctis decussata (Moore, 1877)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Euproctis diploxutha Collenette, 1939

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Euproctis fraterna (Moore, [1883])

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Euproctis plana Walker, 1856

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Euproctis scintillans (Walker, 1856)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Euproctis straminea Leech, 1899

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Euproctis taiwana Shiraki, 1913

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Lymantria Hübner, 1819

Lymantria dissoluta Swinhoe, 1903

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Lymantria serva (Fabricius, 1793)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Orgyia Ochsenheimer, 1810

Orgyia postica (Walker, 1855)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Perina Walker, 1854

Perina nuda (Fabricius, 1787)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Family Metarbelidae

Genus Indarbela Fletcher, 1922

Indarbela dea (Swinhoe, 1890)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Family Noctuidae

Genus Adrapsa Walker, 1859

Adrapsa quadrilinealis Wileman, 1914

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Aedia Hübner, 1823

Aedia leucomelas (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Achaea Hübner, 1823

Achaea janata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Achaea serva (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Acronicta Ochsenheimer, 1816

Acronicta pruinosa (Guenée, 1852)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Agrapha Hübner, 1821

Agrapha agnata (Staudinger, 1892)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Agrapha albostriata (Bremer & Grey, 1853)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Agrotis Ochsenheimer, 1816

Agrotis ipsilon (Hüfnagel, 1766)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Athetis Hübner, 1821

Athetis bipuncta (Snellen, 1886)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Athetis nonagrica (Walker, 1863)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Athetis reclusa (Walker, 1862)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Athetis stellata (Moore, 1882)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Amyna Guenée, 1852

Amyna axis (Guenée, 1852)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Amyna punctum Fabricius, 1794

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Analetia Calora, 1966

Analetia micacea (Hampson, 1891)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Anisoneura Guenée, 1852

Anisoneura aluco (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Anomis Hübner, 1821

Anomis flava (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Anomis fulvida Guenée, 1852

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Anomis leucolopha Prout, 1928

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Anomis mesogona (Walker, 1858)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Anuga Guenée, 1852

Anuga multiplicans (Walker, 1858)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Arcte Kollar, 1844

Arcte coerula (Guenee, 1852)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Artena Walker, 1858

Artena dotata (Fabricius, 1794)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Avitta Walker, 1858

Avitta fasciosa (Moore, 1882)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Asota Hübner, 1819

Asota caricae (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Asota plaginota (Butler, 1857)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Asota heliconia (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Blasticorhinus Butler, 1893

Blasticorhinus rivulosa (Walker, 1865)

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Bocula Guenée, 1852

Bocula marginata (Moore, 1882)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Brithys Hübner, [1821]

Brithys crini (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Callopistria Hübner, 1821

Callopistria albistrigoides Poole, 1989

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Callopistria albomacula Leech, 1900

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Calyptra Ochsenheimer, 1816

Calyptra minuticornis (Guenée, 1852)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Carea Walker, 1857

Carea angulata (Fabricius, 1793)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Chalciope Hübner, 1823

Chalciope mygdon (Cramer, 1777)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Chasmina Walker, 1856

Chasmina candida (Walker, 1865)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Chlumetia Walker, 1866

Chlumetia transversa (Walker, 1863)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Chlumetia guttiientris Walker, 1866

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Condica Walker, 1856

Condica fuliginosa Leech, 1900

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Chrysodeixis Hübner, 1821

Chrysodeixis eriosoma (Doubleday, 1843)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Craniophora Snellen, 1867

Craniophora fasciata (Moore, 1884)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Crithote Walker, 1864

Crithote pallivaaga Holloway, 2005

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Dyrzela Walker, 1858

Dyrzela plagiata Walker, 1858

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Dysgonia Hübner, 1823

Dysgonia arcuata Moore, 1877

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Dysgonia crameri Moore, 1885

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Dysgonia fulvotaenia (Guenée, 1852)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Dysgonia illibata (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Dysgonia joviana (Stoll, [1782])

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Dysgonia maturata (Walker, 1858)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Dysgonia palumba (Guenee, 1852)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Dysgonia stuposa (Fabricius, 1794)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Dysgonia umbrosa (Walker, 1865)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Ecpatia Turner, 1902

Ecpatia longinquua (Swinhoe, 1890)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Entomogramma Guenée, 1852

Entomogramma fautrix Guenée, 1852

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Episteme Hübner, 1820

Episteme lectrix (Linnaeus, 1764)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Ercheia Walker, 1857

Ercheia cyllaria (Cramer, 1779)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Erebus Latrielle, 1810

Erebus crepuscularis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Erebus ephesperis (Hübner, 1823)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Erygia Guenée, 1852

Erygia apicalis Guenée, 1852

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Ericeia Walker, 1858

Ericeia fraterna (Moore, 1887)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Ericeia inangulata (Guenee, 1852)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Ericeia pertendens (Walker, 1858)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Ericeia subcinerea (Snellen, 1880)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Eudocima Billberg, 1820

Eudocima phalonia (Linnaeus, 1763)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1996)

Eudocima salaminia (Cramer, 1777)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Eudocima fullonica (Clerck, 1764)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Eudocima homaena (Hubner, [1823])

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Euplocia Hübner, 1819

Euplocia membliaria (Cramer, 1780)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Eutelia Hübner, 1823

Eutelia adulatricoides (Mell, 1943)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Flammona Walker, 1863

Flammona trilineata Leech, 1900

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Grammodes Guenée, 1852

Grammodes geometrica (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Hulodes Guenée, 1852

Hulodes caranea (Cramer, 1780)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Hydrillodes Guenée, 1854

Hydrillodes abavalis (Walker, 1859)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Hydrillodes repugnalis (Walker, 1863)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Hypena Schrank, 1802

Hypena albopunctalis Leech, 1889

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Hypena sagitta (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Hypocala Guenée, 1852

Hypocala deflorata (Fabricius, 1794)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Hypocala subsatura Guenée, 1852

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Hypocala violacea Butler, 1879

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Hypopyra Guenée, 1852

Hypopyra ossigera Guenée, 1852

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Hypopyra vespertilio (Fabricius, 1787)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1996)

Genus Hypospila Guenée, 1852

Hypospila bolinoides Guenée, 1852

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Ischyja Hübner, 1823

Ischyja manlia (Cramer, 1766)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Lacera Guenée, 1852

Lacera alope (Cramer, 1780)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Laspeyria Germar, 1810

Laspeyria ruficeps (Walker, 1864)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Leucania Ochsenheimer, 1816

Leucania insularis Butler, 1880

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Leucania loreyi (Duponchel, 1827)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Leucania venalba Moore, 1867

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Leucania yu Guenee, 1852

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Lopharthrum Hampson, 1895

Lopharthrum comprimens (Walker, 1858)

Genus Lophoptera Guenée, 1852

Lophoptera squammigera (Guenée, 1852)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Lophoruza Hampson, 1910

Lophoruza lunifera (Moore, 1885)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Lophoruza kuehni (Hollway, 2009)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Metaemene Hampson, 1910

Metaemene atrigutta (Walker, 1862)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Mythimna Ochsenheimer, 1816

Mythimna formosana (Butler, 1880)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Mythimna snelleni Hreblay, 1996

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Mocis Hübner, 1823

Mocis frugalis (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Mocis proverai Zilli, 2000

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Mocis undata (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Nodaria Guenée, 1854

Nodaria externalis Guenée, 1854

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Ophiusa Ochsenheimer, 1816

Ophiusa disjungens (Walker, 1858)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Ophiusa trapezium (Guenée, 1852)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Ophiusa tirhaca (Cramer, 1777)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Ophiusa triphaenoides (Walker, 1858)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Ophisma Guenée, 1852

Ophisma gramta Guenée, 1852

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Oraesia Guenée, 1852

Oraesia emarginata (Fabricius, 1794)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Oraesia excavata (Butler, 1878)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Oraesia rectistria Guenée, 1852

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Oxyodes Guenée, 1852

Oxyodes scrobiculata (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Pangrapta Hübner, 1818

Pangrapta shivula (Guenée, 1852)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Pantydia Guenée, 1852

Pantydia metaspila Walker, 1857

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Pataeta Walker, 1858

Pataeta carbo (Guenée, 1852)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Pericyma Herrich-Schäffer, 1851

Pericyma cruegeri (Butler, 1886)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Penicillaria Guenée, 1852

Penicillaria maculata Butler, 1889

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Polydesma Boisduval, 1833

Polydesma otiosa Guenée, 1852

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Platyja Hübner, 1823

Platyja umminia (Cramer, 1780)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Platyja torsilinea (Guenée, 1852)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Plusiodonta Guenée, 1852

Plusiodonta coelonota (Kollar, 1844)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Prospalta Walker, [1858]

Prospalta leucospila Walker, 1858

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Psimada Walker, 1858

Psimada quadripennis Walker, 1858

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Sarbanissa Walker, 1865

Sarbanissa albifascia (Walker, 1865)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Saroba Walker, 1865

Saroba pustulifera Walker, 1865

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Sasunaga Moore, 1881

Sasunaga longiplaga Warren, 1912

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Serrodes Guenée, 1852

Serrodes campana Guenée, 1852

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Simplicia Guenée, 1854

Simplicia cornicalis (Fabricius, 1794)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Simplicia niphona (Butler, 1878)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Simplicia xanthoma Prout, 1928

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Singara Walker, 1865

Singara diversalis Walker, 1865

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Spirama Guenée, 1852

Spirama retorta (Clerck, 1764)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Spirama helicina (Hübhner, 1831)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Spodoptera Guenée, 1852

Spodoptera cilium Guenée, 1852

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808)

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval, 1833)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Spodoptera pecten Guenée, 1852

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Spodoptera picta (Guérin-Méneville, 1838)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Spodoptera festiva (Donovan, 1805)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Sympis Guenée, 1852

Sympis rufibasis Guenee, 1852

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Thyas Hübner, 1824

Thyas coronala (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Thyas juno (Dalman, 1823)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Trigonodes Guenée, 1852

Trigonodes hyppasia (Cramer, 1779)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Tycracona Moore, 1882

Tycracona obliqua Moore, 1882

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Ugia Walker, 1858

Ugia disjungens Walker, 1858

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Xanthodes Guenée, 1852

Xanthodes transversa Guenée, 1852

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1996)

Family Nolidae

Genus Earias Hübner, 1825

Earias flavida Felder, 1861

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Earias insulana (Boisduval, 1833)

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Eligma Hübner, 1819

Eligma narcissus (Cramer, 1775)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Iscadia Walker, 1857

Iscadia fusca Pogue, 2014

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Iscadia inexacta (Walker, 1857)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Melanographia Hampson, 1900

Melanographia flexilineata (Hampson, 1898)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Narangodes Hampson, 1910

Narangodes confluens Sugi, 1990

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Nola Leach, 1815

Nola taeniata Snellen, 1875

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Genus Selepa Moore, 1858

Selepa celtis Moore, 1858

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Family Notodontidae

Genus Cerura von Schrank, 1802

Cerura priapus Schintlmeister, 1997

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Cerura tattakana Matsumura, 1927

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Neocerura Matsumura, 1929

Neocerura wisei (Swinhoe, 1891)

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Genus Stauropus Germar, 1812

Stauropus alternus Walker, 1855

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Syntypistis Turner, 1907

Syntypistis melana Wu & Fang, 2003

Notes: 

Li (2023)

Family Nymphalidae

Genus Argyreus Scopoli, 1777

Argyreus hyperbius (Linnaeus, 1763)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Ariadne Horsfield, 1829

Ariadne ariadne (Linnaeus, 1763)

Ariadne ariadne subsp. pallidior (Fruhstorfer, 1899)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Athyma Westwood, 1850

Athyma cama Moore, 1858

Athyma cama subsp. cama Moore, 1858

Notes: 

Mo et al. (2006)

Athyma nefte (Cramer, 1780)

Athyma nefte subsp. seitzi (Fruhstorfer, 1906)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Athyma perius (Linnaeus, 1758)

Athyma perius subsp. perius (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Athyma selenophora (Kollar, 1844)

Athyma selenophora subsp. leucophryne (Fruhstorfer, 1912)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816

Charaxes bernardus (Fabricius, 1793)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Cupha Billberg, 1820

Cupha erymanthis (Drury, 1773)

Cupha erymanthis subsp. erymanthis (Drury, 1773)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1997b)

Genus Cyrestis Boisduval, 1832

Cyrestis thyodamas Doyère, 1840

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Danaus Kluk, 1780

Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Danaus chrysippus subsp. chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1997b)

Danaus genutia (Cramer, 1779)

Danaus genutia subsp. genutia (Cramer, 1779)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1997b)

Genus Discophora Boisduval, 1836

Discophora sondaica Boisduval, 1836

Discophora sondaica subsp. tulliana Stichel, 1902

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Elymnias Hübner, 1818

Elymnias hypermnestra (Linnaeus, 1763)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Euploea Fabricius, 1807

Euploea core (Cramer 1780)

Euploea core subsp. amymone (Godart, 1819)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Euploea midamus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1997b)

Euploea mulciber (Cramer, 1777)

Euploea mulciber subsp. mulciber (Cramer, 1777)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Euthalia Hübner, 1819

Euthalia phemius (Doubleday, 1848)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Faunis Hübner, 1819

Faunis eumeus (Drury, 1773)

Faunis eumeus subsp. eumeus (Drury, 1773)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Hestina Westwood, 1850

Hestina assimilis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Hestina assimilis subsp. assimilis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Hypolimnas Hübner, 1819

Hypolimnas bolina (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Hypolimnas missipus (Linnaeus, 1764)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Ideopsis Horsfiled, 1857

Ideopsis similis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1997b)

Ideopsis vulgaris (Butler, 1874)

Ideopsis vulgaris subsp. contigua (Talbot, 1939)

Notes: 

Mo et al. (2006)

Genus Junonia Hübner, 1819

Junonia almana (Linnaeus, 1758)

Junonia almana subsp. almana (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Junonia atlites (Linnaeus, 1763)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Junonia hierta (Fabricius, 1798)

Junonia hierta subsp. hierta (Fabricius, 1798)

Notes: 

Mendes and Sousa (2007)

Junonia lemonias Linnaeus, 1758

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Junonia orithya (Linnaeus, 1758)

Junonia orithya subsp. orithya (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Kaniska Moore, 1899

Kaniska canace (Linnaeus, 1763)

Kaniska canace subsp. canace (Linnaeus, 1763)

Notes: 

Pun and Batalha (1997)

Genus Lethe Hübner, 1819

Lethe europa (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Lexias Boisduval, 1832

Lexias pardalis (Moore, 1878)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Limenitis Fabricius, 1807

Limenitis sulpitia (Cramer, 1779)

Limenitis sulpitia subsp. sulpitia (Cramer, 1779)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Melanitis Fabricius, 1807

Melanitis leda (Linnaeus, 1758)

Melanitis leda subsp. leda (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Melanitis phedima (Cramer, 1780)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1997b)

Genus Mycalesis Hübner, 1818

Mycalesis mineus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Mycalesis mineus subsp. mineus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Mycalesis sangaica Butler, 1877

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Mycalesis mucianus Fruhstorfer, 1908

Notes: 

Huang (2019)

Genus Neptis Fabricius, 1807

Neptis clinia Moore, 1872

Notes: 

DSPA (2022)

Neptis hylas (Linnaeus, 1758)

Neptis hylas subsp. hylas (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes: 

Mendes and Sousa (2007)

Neptis mahendra Moore, 1872

Notes: 

Mo et al. (2006)

Genus Parantica Moore, 1880

Parantica aglea (Stoll, 1782)

Parantica aglea subsp. melanoides Moore, 1883

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Parantica melaneus (Cramer, 1775)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Phaedyma Felder, 1861

Phaedyma columella (Cramer, 1780)

Notes: 

MBD (2022)

Genus Phalanta Horsfield, 1829

Phalanta phalantha (Drury, 1773)

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1997b)

Genus Polygonia Hübner, [1819]

Polygonia c-aureum Linnaeus, 1758

Notes: 

Easton and Pun (1997b)

Genus Polyura Billberg, 1820