Introduction

Materials and methods

Taxon treatments

Nemoura exterclava Zhu, Rehman & Du sp. nov.

• ZooBank 456508F9-6BE0-4B33-A467-62463C93D191

Materials   Download as CSV 

Holotype:

1. class:
   Insecta
   ; order:
   Plecoptera
   ; family:
   Nemouridae
   ; taxonRank:
   species
   ; genus:
   Nemoura
   ; specificEpithet:
   exterclava
   ; scientificNameAuthorship:
   Zhu, Rehman & Du
   ; continent:
   Asia
   ; country:
   China
   ; countryCode:
   CN
   ; stateProvince:
   Guangdong
   ; locality:
   Shaoguan City, Nanling National Forest Park, Lion Well,
   ; maximumElevationInMeters:
   570 m
   ; decimalLatitude:
   24.907204
   ; decimalLongitude:
   113.061274
   ; year:
   2024
   ; month:
   1
   ; day:
   17
   ; individualCount:
   1
   ; sex:
   Male
   ; lifeStage:
   Adult
   ; recordedBy:
   Huo Qing-Bo and Yang Xiao
   ; occurrenceStatus:
   present
   ; identifiedBy:
   Zhu Ya-Fei, Abdur Rehman, Du Yu-Zhou
   ; dateIdentified:
   10-02-2024
   ; language:
   en
   ; institutionCode:
   ICYZU
   ; basisOfRecord:
   PreservedSpecimen
   ; occurrenceID:
   1796A96B-A20C-5BCA-B7D2-84076E14E824

Paratype:

1. class:
   Insecta
   ; order:
   Plecoptera
   ; family:
   Nemouridae
   ; taxonRank:
   species
   ; genus:
   Nemoura
   ; specificEpithet:
   exterclava
   ; scientificNameAuthorship:
   Zhu, Rehman & Du
   ; continent:
   Asia
   ; country:
   China
   ; countryCode:
   CN
   ; stateProvince:
   Guangdong
   ; locality:
   Nanling, Jiuchongtian
   ; year:
   2007
   ; month:
   1
   ; day:
   17
   ; individualCount:
   1
   ; sex:
   Male
   ; lifeStage:
   Adult
   ; recordedBy:
   Wang Xing-Min and Wang Zhi-Jie
   ; occurrenceStatus:
   present
   ; identifiedBy:
   Zhu Ya-Fei, Abdur Rehman, Du Yu-Zhou
   ; dateIdentified:
   10-02-2024
   ; language:
   en
   ; institutionCode:
   ICYZU
   ; basisOfRecord:
   PreservedSpecimen
   ; occurrenceID:
   600C7FC4-432E-5CD6-991B-BBA5CD4FC4E7

Description

Adult habitus: Head dark brown, antennae brown; head wider than pronotum, compound eyes dark brown, pronotum subquadrate, angles slightly blunt rounded with darker rugosity; wings subhyaline, veins dark brown, legs brown (Fig. 1).

Figure 1.  

Nemoura exterclava Zhu, Rehman & Du sp. nov., male. A prothorax, ventral view; B head and pronotum, dorsal view.

Male: 

Body length 4.2 mm, fore-wing length 8.2 mm, hind-wing length 7.9 mm. Tergum 9 slightly sclerotised, with concave emargination in the middle and slightly protruding in the middle of posterior margin with several small spines (Fig. 2A and Fig. 3A). Hypoproct broad basally and tapering towards a triangular tip. Vesicle large, length approximately 2× width (Fig. 2B and Fig. 3B). Tergum 10 slightly sclerotised, forming concavity below epiproct, without spines (Fig. 2A and Fig. 3A). Paraproct divided into 2 lobes; Inner lobe slightly sclerotised and narrow anteriorly, spanning approximately 2/3 length of outer lobe. Outer lobe slightly sclerotised and trapeziform at basal part; basal half of outer lobe is broad, sclerotised and becoming slender at 1/2 point; posteromedially becoming narrowed and darker, apex membranous and curving outwards, bearing many hairs, resembling the shape of golf club head (Fig. 3B and Fig. 3E). Epiproct nearly rectangular, trifurcate structure and 2× longer than width. Dorsal sclerite broad basally, extending dorsolaterally, completely covering lateral aspects of epiproct. Epiproct apex pointed dorsally, slightly swollen and has a cone-shaped projection; medially two prongs arise on lateral sides from middle of epiproct and curved outwards, bearing 3 teeth at apex. Lateral arms distinctly sclerotised and run along lateral sides of epiproct (Fig. 3A-C and Fig. 3D). Ventral sclerite darkly sclerotised, broad basally, with blunt rounded tip medially and pair of parallel ridges, armed with two rows of seven spines ventrally. The ridges extend inwards and upwards to dorsal surface and longer than median part (Fig. 3 B). Cerci slightly sclerotised, curved in middle and perpendicular to the body, with scimitar-like black spine at end, which is more distinct in dorsal view (Figs 2, 3).

Figure 2.  

Nemoura exterclava Zhu, Rehman & Du sp. nov., male terminalia. A dorsal view; B ventral view; C lateral view.

Figure 3.  

Nemoura exterclava Zhu, Rehman & Du sp. nov., male. A terminalia, dorsal view; B terminalia, ventral view; C epiproct, ventral view; D epiproct, lateral view; E left paraproct, ventral view.

Female: 

Unknown

Etymology

The name refers to the club-shaped process at the apical half of the outer paraproct lobe. Exter means outer, while clava means club.

Distribution

China (Guangdong Province).

Taxon discussion

The new species belongs to the ovocercia group and it is most similar to the Nanling Mountains species Nemoura alticalcaneum Mo, Wang & Li, 2020 in the epiproct. It can be distinguished from N. alticalcaneum, based on the following characteristics: the outer lobe, resembling the shape of a golf club head (Fig. 3E). Epiproct ventral sclerite extends to the dorsal surface, forming two prong-like protrusions longer than median part, each bearing three thick spines apically, in dorsal view (Fig. 3A). Cerci are folded in the middle, bearing long sclerotised prong at the apex (Fig. 3E). In N. alticalcaneum, the paraproct has a complex outer lobe, apically with a high-heeled process. The ventral sclerite also extends to the dorsal surface, forming two horn-like protrusions, albeit shorter than the median part, with the apex featuring two blunt teeth, as seen in dorsal view (Mo et al. 2022). Whereas in this new species, the epiproct apex lacks strong serrations on the dorsal margin and the cerci are complex, with a scimitar-like black spine at the end, which is significantly different from recorded speceies. The new species was collected from the road side in Nanling National Forest Park (Fig. 4).

Figure 4.  

Habitat of Nemoura exterclava Zhu, Rehman & Du sp. nov. in Nanling National Forest Park, Lion Well, Guangdong Province, China (Photograph by Huo Qing-Bo).

Nemoura cerciserrata Zhu, Du & Rehman sp. nov.

• ZooBank 9772E2EB-8E8D-4C80-83D3-304D0CEBB03B

Materials   Download as CSV 

Holotype:

1. class:
   Insecta
   ; order:
   Plecoptera
   ; family:
   Nemouridae
   ; taxonRank:
   species
   ; genus:
   Nemoura
   ; specificEpithet:
   cerciserrata
   ; continent:
   Asia
   ; country:
   China
   ; countryCode:
   CN
   ; stateProvince:
   Guangdong
   ; locality:
   Shaoguan City, Shixing county, Chebaling Nature Reserve
   ; decimalLatitude:
   24.711731
   ; decimalLongitude:
   114.236787
   ; year:
   2024
   ; month:
   1
   ; day:
   15,
   ; individualCount:
   1
   ; sex:
   Male
   ; lifeStage:
   Adult
   ; occurrenceStatus:
   present
   ; identifiedBy:
   Zhu Ya-Fei, Abdur Rehman, Du Yu-Zhou
   ; institutionCode:
   ICYZU
   ; basisOfRecord:
   PreservedSpecimen
   ; occurrenceID:
   6BB7C443-9554-526F-A0E8-381294D03443

Paratype:

1. class:
   Insecta
   ; order:
   Plecoptera
   ; family:
   Nemouridae
   ; taxonRank:
   species
   ; genus:
   Nemoura
   ; specificEpithet:
   cerciserrata
   ; continent:
   Asia
   ; country:
   China
   ; countryCode:
   CN
   ; stateProvince:
   Guangdong
   ; locality:
   Shaoguan City, Shixing county, Chebaling Nature Reserve
   ; decimalLatitude:
   24.711731
   ; decimalLongitude:
   114.236787
   ; year:
   2022
   ; month:
   1
   ; day:
   31
   ; individualCount:
   1
   ; sex:
   Male
   ; lifeStage:
   Adult
   ; occurrenceStatus:
   present
   ; identifiedBy:
   Zhu Ya-Fei, Abdur Rehman, Du Yu-Zhou
   ; institutionCode:
   ICYZU
   ; basisOfRecord:
   PreservedSpecimen
   ; occurrenceID:
   29C5728A-30CD-5A41-9352-E82704EF2766

Description

Adult habitus: Head dark brown, wider than pronotum; antennae pale brown; compound eyes dark brown. Pronotum subquadrate, angles slightly blunt rounded with darker rugosity. Wings subhyaline, veins dark brown. Legs pale brown (Fig. 5).

Figure 5.  

Nemoura cerciserrata Zhu, Du & Rehman sp. nov., male. A prothorax, ventral view; B head and pronotum, dorsal view.

Male: 

Body length 4.5 mm, fore-wing length 8.5 mm, hind-wing length 8.2 mm. Tergum 9 slightly sclerotised, with concave emargination in the centre and with several small hairs along posterior margin (Fig. 6A and Fig. 8A). Hypoproct broad basally and tapered towards blunt rounded tip. Vesicle rod-like, length approximately 3× width (Figs. 7B and 9B). Tergum 10 strongly sclerotised, forming concavity below epiproct (Fig. 6A and Fig. 8A). Paraproct divided into two lobes: inner lobe sclerotised, shallow arcuate shape and approximately 3/4 length of outer lobe. Outer lobe slightly sclerotised presenting triangular resemblance at base. The outer lobe narrows at halfway point and forms vesicle-like structure at tip (Fig. 6B, Fig. 7C and Fig. 8F). Epiproct has membranous heart-shaped process at the top, 2× longer than width. Dorsal sclerite broad basally, extending dorsolaterally, completely covering lateral aspects of epiproct and part of ventral aspect (Fig. 6A and Fig. 7A). Lateral arms distinctly sclerotised and run along lateral sides of epiproct. Ventral sclerite of epiproct darkly sclerotised, broad basally, forming pair of parallel ridges with 7-9 spines ventrally; these ventral ridges extend upwards to form an antler-like protrusion with two small blunt spines on tip (Fig. 7B and Fig. 8D). Cerci slightly sclerotised with two spines, with strong, spur in the middle and bears sclerotised black pointed spur at the end (Figs 6, 7).

Figure 6.  

Nemoura cerciserrata Zhu, Du & Rehman sp. nov., male terminalia. A dorsal view; B ventral view; C lateral view.

Figure 7.  

Nemoura cerciserrata Zhu, Du & Rehman sp. nov. Male, A epiproct, dorsal view. B epiproct, ventral view; C apical part of the cercus with its terminal spine; D basal part of the cercus with its strong spur and paraproct.

Figure 8.  

Nemoura cerciserrata Zhu, Du & Rehman sp. nov. male. A Male terminalia dorsal view; B Male terminalia ventral view; C epiproct, dorsal view; D epiproct, ventral view; E epiproct, lateral view; F left paraproct, ventral view.

Female: 

Unknown

Etymology

The latin cerciserrata refers to a strong, curving spur in the middle of the cerci. Serrata means toothed, like a saw.

Distribution

China (Guangdong Province).

Taxon discussion

The new species belongs to the ovocercia group and it is most similar to the Nemoura longistyla Zhao, Rehman & Du, 2023, as it possesses a comparable epiproct with elongated protrusions at the apex (Zhao et al. 2023). It can be distinguished from the latter by the following characteristics: in Nemoura sp. nov., the ventral sclerite of epiproct extends upwards to form an antler-like protrusion, with two small blunt spines on the tip. The features are not distinctly visible in the dorsal view (Figs 7, 8), while the ventral sclerite extends upwards to form a horn-like protrusion and the apex has three small teeth in N. longistyla, which are more distinct in the lateral view. In addition, there is a strongly sclerotised sawing spine in the middle of the cerci, which is significantly different from N. longistyla (Figs 6, 7, 8).

Amphinemura voluta (Li & Yang, 2008), comb. nov

• Plecoptera Species File https://plecoptera.speciesfile.org/otus/892272/overview

Nomenclature

Indonemoura voluta Li & Yang, 2008 - Li and Yang 2008: 100.

Material   Download as CSV 

1. phylum:
   Arthropoda;
   ; class:
   Insecta
   ; order:
   Plecoptera
   ; family:
   Nemouridae
   ; genus:
   Amphinemur
   ; specificEpithet:
   voluta
   ; scientificNameAuthorship:
   Li & Yang (2008)
   ; continent:
   Asia
   ; country:
   China
   ; countryCode:
   CN
   ; locality:
   Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Maoershan National Natural Reserve
   ; year:
   2020
   ; month:
   8
   ; day:
   29
   ; sex:
   1
   ; lifeStage:
   Adult
   ; recordedBy:
   Unknown
   ; occurrenceStatus:
   present
   ; identifiedBy:
   Abdur Rehman, Zhu Ya-Fei, Du Yu-Zhou
   ; dateIdentified:
   10-02-2024
   ; language:
   en
   ; institutionCode:
   ICYZU
   ; basisOfRecord:
   PreservedSpecimen
   ; occurrenceID:
   80B19B96-02DC-574B-AE80-A79A0B636131

Description

Male: Cervical gills shrunk into ball (Fig. 9). Hypoproct broad basally and tapered towards tip. Vesicle slender, length approximately 3× width (Fig. 10B). Tergum 10 weakly sclerotised, with rather large median concavity bearing two groups of tiny black spines along lateral margin. Epiproct trifurcate distally; dorsal sclerite divided into pair of heavily sclerotised, spine-like lateral processes with rounded ventral projection medially (Fig. 11C), distinctly curved, outwards subapically, bearing many spines apically (Fig. 10). Paraproct divided into three lobes: outer lobe reduced and knob-like; median lobe well developed, mostly sclerotised, strongly curved upwards, with bundle of spirally-arranged spines at membranous tip (Fig. 10); inner lobe weakly sclerotised, about 1/3 length of the median lobe, with triangular tip (Li and Yang 2008).

Figure 9.  

Amphinemura voluta (Li & Yang, 2008), comb. nov. male. A prothorax, ventral view; B cervical gills, ventral view.

Figure 10.  

Amphinemura voluta (Li & Yang, 2008), comb. nov. Male terminalia, A dorsal view; B ventral view; C lateral view.

Distribution

China (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region).

Taxon discussion

This species was collected from Maoershan National Natural Reserve, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; the same collection sites were recorded in Li and Yang (2008). The cervical gills are shrunk into a ball, which is difficult to distinguish. After slight pressing, it can be seen that there is a cervical gill on each side of the mid-line, one inside and one outside of lateral cervical sclerites and each cervical gill has five branches (Fig. 10B). In addition, the structures of tergum 9, tergum 10, hypoproct, epiproct and paraproct in this specimen are consistent with those described by Li and Yang (2008). Examining fresh specimens from the type locality, we propose to transfer this species to Amphinemura Ris, 1902. This species has rather exceptional characteristics; very elongated sausage-shaped cerci while most species of the genus Amphinemura have rather short cerci, except in several Asian Amphinemura (e.g. A. mamillata, A. nanlingensis and A. chui). Additionally, we consider this species as belonging the A. sinensis species group.

Analysis

Discussion

Acknowledgements

References

Baumann R (1975)
Revision of the stonefly family Nemouridae (Plecoptera): a study of the world fauna at the generic level
.
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
211
:
1
‑
74
. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.211
Chen ZT, Du YZ (2017)
Supplementary illustrations for two Nemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) species
.
Illiesia
13
(
10
):
98
‑
103
. https://doi.org/10.25031/2017/13.10
Chen ZT, DU YZ (2017)
A new species of Nemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Jiangsu Province, China, with new illustrations for Nemoura nankinensis Wu
.
Zootaxa
4254
(
2
). https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4254.2.10
Chen ZT (2020)
Two new species of Nemouridae (Insecta: Plecoptera) from China
.
European Journal of Taxonomy
651
:
1
‑
16
. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.651
DeWalt RE, Maehr MD, Hopkins H, Neu-Becker U, Stueber G (2024)
Plecoptera species file
.
Version
5
URL: http://Plecoptera.SpeciesFile.org
Huo QB, Rehman A, Zhao MY, Yang YB, Xiang YN, Du YZ, Wang JF, Murányi D, Teslenko V (2022)
Additions to the fauna and biology of stoneflies (Plecoptera) in Taizi River Basin, Liaoning, with seven new species records to China
.
Biodiversity Data Journal
10
https://doi.org/10.3897/bdj.10.e95120
Li MY, Yang D, Li WH (2023)
Two new species of Amphinemura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Yunnan Province, southwestern China
.
Zootaxa
5231
(
5
):
591
‑
597
. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5231.5.8.
Li WH, Yang D (2008)
Two new species of Indonemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from China, with redescription of Indonemoura longiplatta (Wu, 1949), comb. n.
Aquatic Insects
30
(
2
):
97
‑
103
. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650420701882988
Li WH, Wang Y, Yang D (2016)
Two new species of Amphinemura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the Gaoligong Mountains of Yunnan, China
.
Zootaxa
4200
(
3
):
381
‑
388
. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4200.3.3
Li WH, Mo RR, Dong WB, Yang D, Murányi D, et al. (2018)
Two new species of Amphinemura (Plecoptera, Nemouridae) from the southern Qinling Mountains of China, based on male, female and larvae
.
ZooKeys
808
:
1
‑
21
. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.808.29433
Mo RR, Yang D, Wang GQ, Li W- (2017)
One new species of Amphinemura and description of the female of A. ancistroidea Li & Yang (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of southern China
.
Zootaxa
4276
(
2
):
277
‑
284
. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4276.2.9
Mo RR, Wang GQ, Yang D, Li WH (2019)
A new species of Amphinemura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of southern China
.
Zootaxa
4585
(
3
):
591
‑
600
. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.13
Mo RR, Wang GQ, Yang D, Li WH (2020a)
Two new species of Amphinemura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Damingshan National Natural Reserve of Guangxi, China
.
Zootaxa
4751
(
1
):
131
‑
142
. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4751.1.7.
Mo RR, Wang GQ, Yang D, Li WH (2020b)
Nemoura cucurbitata (Plecoptera: Nemouridae), a new stonefly species from Guangxi, China
.
Zootaxa
4731
(
1
):
145
‑
150
. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4731.1.10
Mo RR, Wang GQ, Yang D, Li WH, Murányi D (2020c)
Two new species of the Amphinemura sinensis group (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from southern China
.
Zootaxa
4820
(
2
):
337
‑
350
. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4820.2.7
Mo RR, Wang GQ, Yang D, Li WH, Murányi D (2022)
Review and contribution to the stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, with new species and new records from South China
.
Zootaxa
5176
(
1
):
1
‑
80
. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5176.1.1.
Qian YH, Qian X, Chen ZT, Du YZ (2018)
A remarkable new species of Nemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, China
.
Zootaxa
4375
(
2
):
281
‑
286
. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4375.2.8
Rehman A, Zhao MY, Du YZ (2021)
Two new species of Amphinemurinae (Plecoptera; Nemouridae) from Yunnan Province, China
.
Zootaxa
5068
(
1
):
115
‑
124
. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.1.5
Shimizu T (1997)
The species of the Nemoura ovocercia group (Plecoptera: Nemouridae)
.
Aquatic Insects
19
(
4
):
193
‑
218
. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650429709361656
Teslenko V, Palatov D (2021)
A poorly known species and new records of Plecoptera from the Eastern Tien Shan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
.
Zootaxa
4950
(
1
):
123
‑
136
. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4950.1.6.
Yang D, Li WH, Zhu F (2015)
Fauna Sinica, Insecta
.
58
.
Nemouroidea. Science Press
,
Beijing
.
Yang D, Li WH (2018)
Species catalogue of China Animals, Insecta (III)
. In: Chen Y (Ed.)
Plecoptera
.
Vol. 2
.
Science Press
,
Beijing
,
71
pp.
Yan Y, Ma C, Yang D, Li W (2022)
Species of Nemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Qinghai, China
.
Zootaxa
5168
(
4
):
485
‑
493
. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.4.9.
Zhao MY, Du YZ (2021a)
Two new species of Amphinemura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Taiwan Province on the southeast coast of China
.
Zootaxa
4969
(
3
):
573
‑
580
. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4969.3.9.
Zhao MY, Du YZ (2021b)
A new species and new synonym of Amphinemura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Zhejiang province of China
.
Journal of Natural History
55
(
11-12
):
699
‑
711
. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1921298.
Zhao MY, Du YZ (2021c)
A new species of Nemoura (Plecoptera, Nemouridae) and supplementary description of Amphinemura cordiformis from the Nanling Mountains of southern China
.
ZooKeys
1039
(
3
):
109
‑
122
. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1039.60144.
Zhao MY, Du YZ, Rehman A (2022)
A new species and additions to two known species of Amphinemura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Nanling Mountains of Southern China
.
Entomological News
130
(
2
):
193
‑
204
. https://doi.org/10.3157/021.130.0207.
Zhao MY, Rehman A, Du YZ (2023)
New species of Illiesonemoura and Nemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Yunnan Province of southern China
.
Zootaxa
5249
(
4
):
477
‑
484
. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.4.5.

Supplementary material