Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomy & Inventories
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Corresponding author: Feng Zhang (dudu06042001@163.com)
Academic editor: Zhizhong Gao
Received: 08 Mar 2024 | Accepted: 07 Apr 2024 | Published: 19 Apr 2024
© 2024 Jianzhou Sun, Xiangbo Guo, Feng Zhang
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Sun J, Guo X, Zhang F (2024) Revision of the genus Lechytia Balzan, 1892 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. Biodiversity Data Journal 12: e122612. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e122612
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The hoffi species-group previously comprised only two species, Lechytia hoffi Muchmore, 1975 and Lechytia yulongensis Zhang and Zhang, 2014, of which L. yulongensis is distributed in China.
Three species of the genus Lechytia are described from China: Lechytia acutidentata sp. nov. and Lechytia depressidentata sp. nov. from Xizang Autonomous Region and L. yulongensis from Yunnan Province. The female of L. yulongensis is reported for the first time. In addition, a key to the hoffi species-group is provided.
new species, Lechytiinae, taxonomy, Xizang
The pseudoscorpion genus Lechytia Balzan, 1892 was established for a Neotropic species, Lechytia chthoniiformis (
Currently, there are 26 reported Lechytia species widespread in most parts of the world, with six species in Africa, seven in Asia (including the Pacific), 11 in the Americas (including one fossilised species) and two in Oceania (
At present, only one Lechytia species, L. yulongensis Zhang and Zhang, 2014, has been reported from China (
Specimen preparation and examination. The specimens examined for this study are preserved in 75% ethyl alcohol and in a refrigerator at -20°C and deposited in the Museum of Hebei University (MHBU) (Baoding, China). Photographs, drawings and measurements were taken using a Leica M205A stereo-microscope equipped with a Leica DFC550 camera and the Inkscape software (Ver. 1.0.2.0). Detailed examination was carried out with an Olympus BX53 general optical microscope. All images were edited and formatted using Adobe Photoshop 2017.
Preparation for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The samples were placed in 95% ethanol for one hour, followed by placement in 100% ethanol and finally switched to fresh 100% ethanol overnight. Each sample was proceeded to critical point drying (POLARON E3000), using Carbon Dioxide (CO2) as transitional fluid. The specimen was processed as above and then the sample was photographed using a SEM.
Terminology. Terminology and measurements follow
The following abbreviations are used in the text: for the chelal trichobothria: b = basal; sb = sub-basal; st = subterminal; t = terminal; ib = interior basal; isb = interior sub-basal; ist = interior sub-terminal; it = interior terminal; eb = exterior basal; esb = exterior sub-basal; est = exterior sub-terminal; et = exterior terminal. For additional abbreviations: dx, duplex trichobothria.
Females (holotype and paratypes) (Fig.
Lechytia acutidentata sp. nov., holotype female (A–H, K), paratype male (I, J): A Female left chela (lateral view); B Left chela (dorsal view); C Left chelicera (dorsal view); D Coxal area and manducatory process (ventral view); E Carapace (dorsal view); F Leg Ⅳ (lateral view); G Leg Ⅰ (lateral view); H Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); I Male left chelicera (dorsal view); J Male genital area (ventral view); K Female genital area (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B, D, H); 0.10 mm (C, E–G, I–K).
Lechytia acutidentata sp. nov., holotype female: A Carapace (dorsal view); B Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth; C Chaetotaxy of genital area (sternites II–III) (male); D Rallum; E Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view). Scale bars: 0.10 mm (A–C); 0.05 mm (D); 0.20 mm (E).
Lechytia acutidentata sp. nov., holotype female (A–D), paratype male (E, F): A Left chela (lateral view), with details of teeth and trichobothrial pattern; B Left chela (dorsal view); C Leg I (lateral view); D Leg IV (lateral view); E Left chela (lateral view), with details of teeth and trichobothrial pattern; F Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B, E); 0.10 mm (C, D, F).
Cephalothorax (Fig.
Chelicera (Fig.
Pedipalp (Fig.
Opisthosoma: tergites and sternites undivided; setae acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I–Ⅻ: 6: 4–6: 5–6: 6–7: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 4–6: T2T: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy Ⅳ–Ⅻ: 14–16: 12: 10: 10–12: 8–10: 8: 5–6: -: 2. Genital area weakly sclerotised with U-shaped frame (Fig.
Legs (Fig.
Adult male (paratype) (Fig.
Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Male: body length 1.71. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.21/0.11 (1.91), femur 0.49/0.12 (4.08), patella 0.29/0.17 (1.71), chela 0.75/0.19 (3.95), hand 0.32/0.19 (1.68), movable chelal finger length 0.44. Chelicera 0.24/0.16 (1.50), movable finger length 0.12. Carapace 0.45/0.39 (1.15). Leg I: trochanter 0.18/0.11 (1.64), femur 0.29/0.06 (4.83), patella 0.13/0.05 (2.60), tibia 0.12/0.05 (2.40), tarsus 0.25/0.04 (6.25). Leg Ⅳ: trochanter 0.16/0.09 (1.78), femoropatella 0.37/0.18 (2.06), tibia 0.33/0.09 (3.67), basitarsus 0.16/0.06 (2.67), telotarsus 0.22/0.04 (5.50).
Females: body length 1.79–2.07. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.20–0.21/0.11–0.13 (1.54–1.91), femur 0.51–0.54/0.11–0.14 (3.86–4.73), patella 0.29–0.30/0.16–0.17(1.76–1.88), chela 0.77–0.82/0.20–0.22 (3.59–3.90), hand 0.32–0.37/0.20–0.22 (1.54–1.75), movable chelal finger length 0.45–0.48. Chelicera 0.25–0.29/0.18–0.20 (1.39–1.56), movable finger length 0.15–0.16. Carapace 0.43–0.47/0.42–0.46 (0.98–1.09). Leg I: trochanter 0.11–0.14/0.08–0.11 (1.18–1.75), femur 0.25–0.29/0.06–0.07 (3.71–4.83), patella 0.15–0.16/0.05–0.07 (2.14–3.00), tibia 0.12–0.17/0.05 (3.20–3.60), tarsus 0.27–0.30/0.04–0.05 (5.60–7.50). Leg Ⅳ: trochanter 0.15–0.19/0.09–0.14 (1.25–1.78), femoropatella 0.42–0.45/0.18–0.20 (2.10–2.50), tibia 0.33–0.35/0.08–0.09 (3.78–4.25), basitarsus 0.16–0.18/0.06–0.07 (2.29–2.83), telotarsus 0.23–0.24/0.04–0.05 (4.60–6.00).
The new species belongs to the hoffi species-group and is characterised by the following combination of characteristics: trichobothria b and sb situated more than one areolar diameter apart; movable chelal finger with upright and point teeth; palpal chela 3.59–3.90 (♀), 3.95 (♂) and palpal hand 1.54–1.75 (♀), 1.68 (♂) longer than broad; palpal femur 0.51–0.54 mm (♀), 0.49 mm (♂), palpal hand 0.33–0.37 mm (♀), 0.32 mm (♂) and chelal movable finger 0.45–0.48 mm (♀), 0.44 mm (♂) long.
Lechytia acutidentata sp. nov. most resembles L. yulongensis due to trichobothria b and sb on movable chelal finger situated more than one areolar diameter apart. However, the new species differs from L. yulongensis in the pattern of teeth of fixed chelal finger with upright and point teeth in L. acutidentata sp. nov., but retrorse and point teeth in L. yulongensis (
The specific name is derived from a combination of the Latin words “acutus” and “dentatus”, meaning pointed and toothed, respectively, which refers to the pointed teeth on the movable chelal fingers.
China (Xizang Autonomous Region).
All specimens were collected under bark in denser forests (Fig.
Their rounded nests are built by thin silks and had a thicker centre (Fig.
Generally, the holotypes of Lechytia species are male specimens. Here, we chose a female specimen as the holotype of L. acutidentata, because the sole male specimen has a rather transparent and brittle body. It was probably caught and soaked in alcohol straight after just moulting.
Males (holotype and paratypes) (Fig.
Lechytia depressidentata sp. nov., holotype male (A–J), paratype female (K): A Left chela (lateral view); B Left chela (dorsal view); C Left chelicera (dorsal view); D Coxal area and manducatory process (ventral view); E Carapace (dorsal view); F Apex of coxa I; G Leg Ⅰ (lateral view); H Leg Ⅳ (lateral view); I Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); J Male genital area (ventral view); K Female genital area (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B, I); 0.10 mm (C–H, J, K).
Lechytia depressidentata sp. nov., holotype male: A Carapace (dorsal view); B Left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth; C Chaetotaxy of genital area (sternites II–III) (male); D Rallum; E Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view). Scale bars: 0.10 mm (A–C, I); 0.05 mm (D); 0.20 mm (E).
Cephalothorax (Fig.
Chelicera (Fig.
Pedipalp (Fig.
Opisthosoma: tergites and sternites undivided; setae acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I–Ⅻ: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 4: T2T: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy Ⅱ–Ⅻ: 10: 14–16: 11–14: 10–12: 10: 8–10: 6–8: 6: -: 2. Genital region: partial setaes bifurcate (Fig.
Legs (Fig.
Adult female (paratypes) (Fig.
Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males: body length 1.36–1.41. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.12–0.16/0.09–0.10 (1.40–1.53), femur 0.36–0.38/0.10–0.11 (3.45–3.60), patella 0.21–0.22/0.12 (1.75–1.83), chela 0.56–0.57/0.15–0.16 (3.56–3.73), hand 0.24–0.25/0.15–0.16 (1.56–1.67), movable chelal finger length 0.33–0.35. Chelicera 0.21–0.23/0.15 (1.40–1.53), movable finger length 0.12. Carapace 0.32–0.35/0.32–0.35 (0.91–1.09). Leg I: trochanter 0.09–0.10/0.06–0.08 (1.13–1.50), femur 0.20/0.05 (4.00), patella 0.11–0.12/0.04–0.05 (2.20–2.75), tibia 0.12/0.04 (3.00), tarsus 0.23/0.03 (7.67). Leg Ⅳ: trochanter 0.12–0.14/0.10 (1.20–1.40), femoropatella 0.35–0.36/0.15–0.16 (2.19–2.40), tibia 0.23–0.26/0.06–0.07 (3.71–4.17), basitarsus 0.12–0.13/0.05 (2.40–2.60), telotarsus 0.19–0.20/0.03–0.04 (4.75–6.67).
Females: body length 1.50–1.57. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.16/0.09 (1.78), femur 0.38–0.39/0.12 (3.17–3.25), patella 0.22–0.23/0.13 (1.69–1.77), chela 0.59–0.60/0.17–0.18 (3.33–3.47), hand 0.26–0.27/0.17–0.18 (1.50–1.53), movable chelal finger length 0.35–0.36. Chelicera 0.22/0.16–0.17 (1.29–1.38), movable finger length 0.13. Carapace 0.38–0.40/0.37–0.38 (1.03–1.05). Leg I: trochanter 0.09/0.07–0.09 (1.00–1.29), femur 0.19–0.22/0.05–0.06 (3.67–3.80), patella 0.11–0.12/0.06 (1.83–2.00), tibia 0.12–0.13/0.04 (3.00–3.25), tarsus 0.23–0.24/0.03 (7.67–8.00). Leg Ⅳ: trochanter 0.14–0.15/0.09–0.12 (1.25–1.56), femoropatella 0.36–0.37/0.15–0.16 (2.31–2.40), tibia 0.26–0.28/0.08 (3.25–3.50), basitarsus 0.13/0.06 (2.17), telotarsus 0.20–0.21/0.03 (6.67–7.00).
The new species belongs to the hoffi species-group and is characterised by the following combination of characteristics: trichobothria b and sb situated less than one areolar diameter apart; movable chelal finger with more than half of flattened teeth; chela 3.33–3.47 (♀), 3.56–3.73 (♂) and chelal hand 1.50–1.53 (♀), 1.56–1.67 (♂) longer than broad; chelal femur 0.38–0.39 mm (♀), 0.36–0.38 mm (♂), chelal hand 0.26–0.27 mm (♀), 0.24–0.25 mm (♂) and chelal movable finger 0.35–0.36 mm (♀), 0.33–0.35 mm (♂) long.
Lechytia depressidentata sp. nov. differs from all other species of the hoffi species-group by trichobothria b and sb situated less than one areolar diameter apart.
The specific name is derived from a combination of the Latin words “depressus” and “dentatus”, meaning flat and toothed, respectively, which refers to the teeth of movable finger including flat teeth.
China (Xizang Autonomous Region).
No silk nest was found in the place where they were collected. Of course, this may be the result of inadequate sampling.
Female (Fig.
Lechytia yulongensis, female (A–I, K), holotype male (J): A Left chela (lateral view); B Left chela (dorsal view); C Coxal area and manducatory process (ventral view); D Carapace (dorsal view); E Left chelicera (dorsal view); F Leg Ⅰ (lateral view); G Leg Ⅳ (lateral view); H Left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view); I Apex of coxa I (female); J Apex of coxa I (male); K Female genital area (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, B, H); 0.10 mm (C–G, I–K).
Cephalothorax (Fig.
Chelicera (Fig.
Pedipalp (Fig.
Opisthosoma: tergites and sternites undivided; setae acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I–Ⅻ: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 4: T2T: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy Ⅱ–Ⅻ: 6: 12: 12: 12: 10: 10: 9: 9: 10: -: 2. Genital area weakly sclerotised with U-shaped frame (Fig.
Legs (Fig.
Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Female: body length 1.59. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.18/0.11 (1.64), femur 0.43/0.13 (3.31), patella 0.24/0.15 (1.60), chela 0.69/0.20 (3.45), hand 0.29/0.20 (1.45), movable chelal finger length 0.43. Chelicera 0.27/0.15 (1.80), movable finger length 0.14. Carapace 0.39/0.45 (0.87). Leg I: trochanter 0.11/0.09 (1.22), femur 0.21/0.06 (3.50), patella 0.12/0.06 (2.00), tibia 0.13/0.05 (2.60), tarsus 0.25/0.04 (6.25). Leg Ⅳ: trochanter 0.16/0.12 (1.33), femoropatella 0.39/0.14 (2.79), tibia 0.24/0.08 (3.00), basitarsus 0.14/0.05 (2.80), telotarsus 0.25/0.03 (8.33).
Revised diagnosis (♂♀). The species belongs to the hoffi species-group and is characterised by the following combination of characteristics: trichobothria b and sb situated more than one areolar diameter apart; movable chelal finger with strongly retrorse, pointed teeth; chela 3.45 (♀), 3.55–3.59 (♂) and chelal hand 1.45 (♀), 1.56–1.59 (♂) longer than broad; chelal femur 0.43 mm (♀), 0.40 mm (♂), chelal hand 0.29 mm (♀), 0.27–0.28 mm (♂) and chelal movable finger 0.43 mm (♀), 0.37–0.38 mm (♂) long.
Lechytia yulongensis closest to L. acutidentata sp. nov. due to trichobothria b and sb on movable chelal finger situated more than one areolar diameter apart. However, the species differs from L. acutidentata sp. nov. in the pattern of teeth of fixed chelal finger with retrorse and point teeth in L. yulongensis, but upright and point teeth in L. acutidentata sp. nov (
China (Yunnan Province).
Lechytia yulongensis was described and illustrated only from male specimens by
The female specimen was collected at the same place as the holotype, they have the same morphological characters, for example, the shape and number of chelal teeth and the positions of trichobothria. Therefore, we described the new specimen as female L. yulongensis. Based on the holotype and the new female specimen, we refined the diagnosis of L. yulongensis (see revised diagnosis) (
Key to the hoffi species-group of Lechytia |
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1 | Trichobothria b and sb situated more than one areolar diameter apart | 2 |
– | Trichobothria b and sb situated almost or less than one areolar diameter apart | 3 |
2 | Movable chelal finger with upright and point teeth (Fig. |
L. acutidentata sp. nov. |
– | Movable chelal finger with retrorse and point teeth (Fig. |
L. yulongensis Zhang and Zhang 2014 |
3 | Trichobothria b and sb situated less than one areolar diameter apart; movable chelal finger with more than half of flattened teeth (Fig. |
L. depressidentata sp. nov. |
– | Trichobothria b and sb situated almost 1 areolar diameter apart; movable chelal finger with small, triangular teeth at distal end, followed proximally by long, low teeth, nearly all with cusps ( |
L. hoffi Muchmore 1975 |
These two new species, L. acutidentata and L. depressidentata, can be placed in the hoffi species-group, based on the following characteristics: well-developed chelal teeth, simple distal seta on pedipalpal coxa, tergite XI with chaetotaxy T2T,and male galea nearly as well developed as in female. The four species of hoffi species-group can be distinguished by the following characteristics: the distance between trichobothria sb and b on movable chelal finger, the tooth pattern of movable chelal finger and the length of pedipalpal podomeres.
We sincerely thank Bo Liu and Haibin Zhang for help with the collection work and are exceedingly grateful to Aki Nakamura for collecting the specimens, to subject editor Dr. Zhizhong Gao and two reviewers, Dr. Mark S. Harvey and one anonymous reviewer, for their helpful suggestions that substantially improved this paper. This research is supported by the Survey of Wildlife Resources in Key Areas of Tibet (ZL202203601).