Male (holotype) (Fig. 1A, Fig. 2A–F, H, Fig. 3A, C–G and I). Colour: anterior half of carapace, tergites and palpal coxa dark brown, but paler in posterior half of carapace; pedipalps dark reddish-brown; chelicerae light brown; legs and pleural membrane light yellow.

Figure 1.  

Paratemnoides guangdongensis sp. nov. A holotype male, habitus (dorsal view); B paratype female, habitus (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.00 mm.

Figure 2.  

Paratemnoides guangdongensis sp. nov., holotype male (A–F, H), paratype female (G) A carapace (dorsal view); B left pedipalp (dorsal view); C left chela (lateral view); D left leg I (lateral view); E left leg IV (lateral view); F male genital area (ventral view); G female genital area (ventral view); H tarsus of left leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A–C, E); 0.20 mm (D, F–H).

Figure 3.  

Paratemnoides guangdongensis sp. nov., holotype male (A, C–G, I), paratype female (B, H) A male galea; B female galea; C rallum; D left chelal fingers (lateral view), with details of trichobothrial pattern; E left leg I (lateral view); F left leg IV (lateral view); G left pedipalp (dorsal view); H female genital area (ventral view); I male genital area (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.50 mm (F, G); 0.25 mm (D, E, H, I); 0.10 mm (A–C).

Figure 4.  

Paratemnoides parvus sp. nov. A holotype male, habitus (dorsal view); B paratype female, habitus (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.00 mm.

Figure 5.  

Paratemnoides parvus sp. nov., holotype male (A–D, F–I), paratype female (E) A carapace (dorsal view); B left chelal fingers (lateral view); C left chela (lateral view); D left pedipalp (dorsal view); E female genital area (ventral view); F male genital area (ventral view); G tarsus of left leg IV (lateral view); H left leg I (lateral view); I left leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.50 mm (D, I); 0.20 mm (A–C, E–H).

Figure 6.  

Paratemnoides parvus sp. nov., holotype male (A–C, E–H, J–M), paratype female (D, I) A carapace (dorsal view); B left chelicera (dorsal view); C male galea; D female galea; E rallum; F left pedipalp (dorsal view); G left chelal fingers (lateral view), with details of trichobothrial pattern; H male genital area (ventral view); I female genital area (ventral view); J male genital organ; K left leg I (lateral view); L left leg IV (lateral view); M tarsus of left leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (F); 0.50 mm (A); 0.25 mm (B, G, J); 0.20 mm (H, I, K–M); 0.10 mm (C–E).

Figure 7.  

Paratemnoides politus sp. nov. A holotype male, habitus (dorsal view); B paratype female, habitus (dorsal view). Scale bars: 2.00 mm.

Figure 8.  

Paratemnoides politus sp. nov., holotype male (A–E, G–I), paratype female (F) A carapace (dorsal view); B left chela (lateral view); C male genital area (ventral view); D left chelal fingers (lateral view); E left pedipalp (dorsal view); F female genital area (ventral view), with eggs; G tarsus of left leg IV (lateral view); H left leg I (lateral view); I left leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A, B, E, F, H, I); 0.20 mm (C, D, G).

Figure 9.  

Paratemnoides politus sp. nov., holotype male (A–C, E–H, K–M), paratype female (D, I, J) A carapace (dorsal view); B left chelicera (dorsal view); C male galea; D female galea; E rallum; F left pedipalp (dorsal view); G left leg I (lateral view); H left leg IV (lateral view); I female genital area (ventral view); J spermatheca; K male genital area (ventral view); L male genital organ; M left chelal fingers (lateral view), with details of trichobothrial pattern. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A, F–H); 0.20 mm (I, K); 0.10 mm (B–E, J, L, M).

Figure 10.  

Paratemnoides trisulcus sp. nov. A holotype male, habitus (dorsal view); B paratype female, habitus (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.00 mm.

Figure 11.  

Paratemnoides trisulcus sp. nov., holotype male (A–D, F–I), paratype female (E) A carapace (dorsal view); B right chelal fingers (lateral view); C tarsus of left leg IV (lateral view); D right pedipalp (dorsal view); E female genital area (ventral view); F male genital area (ventral view); G right chela (lateral view); H left leg I (lateral view); I left leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, D–I); 0.10 mm (B, C).

Figure 12.  

Paratemnoides trisulcus sp. nov., holotype male (A–C, E, G–I, K, M, N), paratype female (D, F, J, L) A carapace (dorsal view); B left chelicera (dorsal view); C male galea; D female galea; E male rallum; F female rallum; G right pedipalp (dorsal view); H right chelal fingers (lateral view), with details of trichobothrial pattern; I left leg I (lateral view); J female genital area (ventral view); K male genital area (ventral view); L spermatheca; M male genital organ; N left leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.20 mm (G, I–K, N); 0.10 mm (A–F, H, L, M).

Figure 13.  

Paratemnoides yunnanensis sp. nov. A holotype male, habitus (dorsal view); B paratype female, habitus (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.00 mm.

Figure 14.  

Paratemnoides yunnanensis sp. nov., holotype male (A–E, G–I), paratype female (F) A carapace (dorsal view); B left chelal fingers (lateral view); C left chela (lateral view); D left pedipalp (dorsal view); E male genital area (ventral view); F female genital area (ventral view); G tarsus of left leg IV (lateral view); H left leg I (lateral view); I left leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.50 mm (I); 0.20 mm (A–H).

Figure 15.  

Paratemnoides yunnanensis sp. nov., holotype male (A–C, E–H, J–L), paratype female (D, I) A carapace (dorsal view); B left chelicera (dorsal view); C male galea; D female galea; E rallum; F left pedipalp (dorsal view); G left chelal fingers (lateral view), with details of trichobothrial pattern; H male genital area (ventral view); I female genital area (ventral view); J left leg I (lateral view); K left leg IV (lateral view); L male genital organ. Scale bars: 1 mm (K); 0.50 mm (J); 0.25 mm (D); 0.20 mm (A, H, I); 0.10 mm (B–G, L).

Carapace (Fig. 2A): 1.19× longer than broad; surface smooth, without furrow; anterior half darker than posterior half, dividing line M-shape; with two distinct eyespots situated near anterior margin of carapace; anterior margin with six setae, posterior margin with nine setae, 63 in total, each seta acicular and very slightly curved.

Chelicera (Fig. 3A and C): surface smooth; four setae (sbs absent) and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand; movable finger with one galeal seta (short and acute); bs and es short and dentate apically, is and ls long and acute; galea present, shorter and with six short branchlets (Fig. 3A). Serrula interior connected to fixed finger for entire length, proximally modified to form velum, serrula exterior with 21 blades, the basal one longest; lamina exterior present. Rallum composed of four blades, the basal two blades shorter than others, the distal one dentated anteriorly, remainder smooth (Fig. 3C).

Pedipalp (Fig. 2B–C, Fig. 3D and G): stout, trochanter 1.65×, femur 2.20×, patella 1.81×, chela with pedicel (without pedicel) 2.73× (2.47×), hand with pedicel (without pedicel) 1.65× (1.39×) longer than broad; movable chelal finger 0.69× (0.82×) longer than hand with pedicel (without pedicel) and 0.42× (0.46×) longer than chela with pedicel (without pedicel). Setae generally long and acuminate. Retrolateral surface of trochanter, prolateral surface of femur and patella granular; trochanter with two well-developed conical tubercles; middle part of patella intumescent and spherical. Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria: eb and esb situated at base of fixed finger on retrolateral face, esb slightly distal to eb; ib and isb situated at base of fixed finger on prolateral face, isb slightly distal to ib; est in the middle of fixed finger; et near sub-distal of fixed finger; est closer to esb than to et; it distal to est and proximal to et; ist proximal to it and slightly distal to est; it closer to ist than to fingertip; distance between est and esb nearly equal to that of ist and isb; distance between it and fingertip further than distance between ist and isb; b and sb situated at base of movable finger on retrolateral face; t in the middle of movable finger and at same level as it; sb closer to b than to st; st closer to sb than to t (Fig. 3D). Venom apparatus only present in fixed chelal finger, venom ducts curved and short, terminating in inflated nodus ramosus between et and est, closer to et. Both chelal fingers with a row of acute teeth, spaced contiguously along the margin, slightly rounded proximally: fixed chelal finger with 38–39 teeth; movable chelal finger with 54–56 teeth (nearly as large as teeth on fixed chelal finger); without accessory teeth (Fig. 3D). Femur without long tactile setae. Movable chelal finger slightly curved in lateral view (Fig. 3D).

Opisthosoma: generally typical, all setae long and acuminate; pleural membrane longitudinally striate, without setae. Tergites I–V and XI undivided and others incompletely divided, setal bases distinct larger, tergal chaetotaxy I–XI: 9: 10: 10: 14: 14: 12: 16: 13: 14: 16 (4T): 14 (2T). All sternites (except sternite XI) divided, darker and darker from sternites Ⅳ to sternites XI, each half sternite with seven long setae, sternites X and XI each with four tactile setae. Anus (tergite Ⅻ and sternite Ⅻ) without raised rim. Anterior genital operculum with four setae on each side, posterior margin with six setae, arranged in a row.

Legs (Fig. 2D–E, H and Fig. 3E–F): generally typical, fairly smooth, slightly stout; leg I darker than leg Ⅳ; junction between femora and patellae I and II oblique. Femoropatella of leg Ⅳ 2.56× longer than deep; tibia 2.95× longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 3.25× longer than deep (TS = 0.13); subterminal tarsal setae arcuate and acute. Arolium slightly shorter than claws, not divided; claws smooth.

Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm). Male (females in parentheses): body length 2.77 (2.90–3.36). Carapace 0.99/0.83 (1.00–1.02/0.96–0.99). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.51/0.31 (0.47–0.49/0.30–0.31), femur 0.77/0.35 (0.76–0.78/0.34–0.37), patella 0.78/0.43 (0.76–0.79/0.41–0.44), chela (with pedicel) 1.34/0.49 (1.42–1.48/0.50–0.57), chela (without pedicel) 1.21 (1.28–1.34), hand (with pedicel) 0.81 (0.95–1.02), movable finger length 0.56 (0.57–0.59). Leg I: trochanter 0.18/0.17 (0.18–0.19/0.15–0.18), femur 0.28/0.23 (0.27–0.28/0.21–0.23), patella 0.47/0.21 (0.45–0.47/0.20–0.21), tibia 0.43/0.15 (0.42/0.14), tarsus 0.33/0.10 (0.31–0.34/0.09–0.10). Leg IV: trochanter 0.30/0.19 (0.33/0.21–0.22), femoropatella 0.82/0.32 (0.88–0.90/0.34–0.36), tibia 0.59/0.20 (0.63/0.20), tarsus 0.39/0.12 (0.39–0.41/0.12).

This new species is characterised by (see taxon discussion for more details): anterior half of carapace darker than posterior half, with two distinct eyespots; pedipalp stout, palpal femur 2.20 (♂), 2.11–2.24 (♀), chela with pedicel 2.73 (♂), 2.60–2.84 (♀), chela without pedicel 2.47 (♂), 2.35–2.56 (♀) × longer than broad; dorsal tubercle on trochanter well-developed; movable chelal finger with 54–56 teeth; retrolateral surface of trochanter, prolateral surface of patella, femur and hand granular; middle part of patella intumescent and spherical.

Named after the type locality, Guangdong (China).

China (Guangdong) (Fig. 16).

Figure 16.  

Type localities of Paratemnoides species in China.

Before this study, a total of 28 Paratemnoides species have been recorded around the world, of which 16 and one subspecies come from Asia (only one species, P. sinensis, comes from China). Paratemnoides guangdongensis sp. nov. is similar to P. parvus sp. nov., but differs by slender chela (♂) (e.g. chela with pedicel 2.73× vs. 2.54–2.66× longer than broad) and more movable chelal finger teeth (♂) (54–56 vs. 41–42).

Paratemnoides guangdongensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. assimilis (Beier, 1932) by the number of posterior margin setae on the carapace (9 vs. 6), slightly smaller body size and stouter pedipalps (♂) (e.g. body length 2.77 mm vs. 3.30 mm; chela with pedicel 2.73× vs. 2.60× longer than broad; chelal hand with pedicel 1.65× vs. 1.88× longer than broad, length 0.81 mm vs. 0.94 mm); from P. borneoensis (Beier, 1932) by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 24), smaller body size and slender pedipalps (♀) (e.g. body length 2.90–3.36 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur length 0.76–0.78 mm vs. 0.68 mm); from P. curtulus (Redikorzev, 1938) by the arrangement of trichobothria (e.g. distance between est and esb nearly equal to that of ist and isb vs. shorter to that of ist and isb) and the slender chela (♂) (chela with pedicel 2.73× vs. 2.19× longer than broad, length 1.34 mm vs. 1.05 mm); from P. indicus (Sivaraman, 1980) by the presence of more setae on the carapace (63 vs. 46), more movable chelal finger teeth (54–56 vs. 42) and smaller body size (e.g. body length (♂) 2.77 mm vs. 4.02 mm, (♀) 2.90–3.36 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur (♀) 2.11–2.24× vs. 2.00× longer than broad); from P. japonicus (Morikawa, 1953) by the trait of eyes (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots absent), the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 18) and slightly smaller body size (♂) (e.g. body length 2.77 mm vs. 2.97 mm; palpal femur 2.20× vs. 2.40× longer than broad, length 0.77 mm vs. 0.81 mm); from P. laosanus (Beier, 1951) by the presence of more chelal fingers teeth (fixed chelal finger with 38–39 vs. 33 teeth; movable chelal finger with 54–56 vs. 44 teeth) and smaller body length (♂♀) (2.77–3.36 mm vs. 3.50–4.00 mm); from P. mahnerti (Sivaraman, 1981) by the presence of more setae on the carapace (63 vs. 40), the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 19) and relative position of trichobothrium st (st situated closer to sb than to t vs. midway between sb and t); from P. pallidus (Balzan, 1892) by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 25), the presence of more movable chelal finger teeth (54–56 vs. 45 teeth) and smaller body size (♀) (e.g. body length 2.90–3.36 mm vs. 4.30 mm); from P. philippinus (Beier, 1932) by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 26) and smaller body size (♂) (e.g. body length 2.77 mm vs. 3.50 mm; chela with pedicel 2.73× vs. 2.20× longer than broad; chelal hand length 0.81 mm vs. 0.90 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.56 mm vs. 0.60 mm); from P. plebejus (With, 1906) by darker body colour (carapace and tergites dark brown vs. yellowish brown), smaller body size (♀) (e.g. body length 2.90–3.36 mm vs. 4.00–5.70 mm; palpal femur 2.11–2.24× vs. 2.00× longer than broad), more chelal fingers teeth (♂) (fixed finger with 38–39 vs. 32 teeth; movable chelal finger with 54–56 vs. 46 teeth) and the trait of pedipalp (prolateral surface of femur and patella granular only vs. almost entire surface granular); from P. pococki (With, 1907) by darker body colour (carapace and tergites dark brown vs. pale brown) and smaller body size and slender pedipalps (♀) (body length 2.90–3.36 mm vs. 3.87 mm; palpal femur length 0.76–0.78 mm vs. 0.62 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.57–0.59 mm vs. 0.46 mm); from P. politus sp. nov. by slender pedipalps (♂) (e.g. palpal femur 2.20× vs. 1.94–2.00× longer than broad) and more movable chelal finger teeth (54–56 vs. 48–50); from P. redikorzevi (Beier, 1951) by more chelal fingers teeth (fixed finger with 38–39 vs. 35 teeth; movable chelal finger with 54–56 vs. 48 teeth), slightly smaller body size and slender pedipalps (e.g. body length (♂) 2.77 mm vs. 3.00 mm; palpal femur (♀) length 0.76–0.78 mm vs. 0.70–0.72 mm; movable finger length 0.57–0.59 mm vs. 0.51–0.57 mm); from P. robustus (Beier, 1932) by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 26) and smaller body length (e.g. body length (♀) 2.90–3.36 mm vs. 4.60 mm; palpal femur (♂) 2.20× vs. 2.28× longer than broad, length 0.77mm vs. 0.91 mm; movable finger length 0.56 mm vs. 0.66 mm); from P. salomonis (Beier, 1935) by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots wanting), smaller body length and the slender pedipalps (♂) (e.g., body length 2.77 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur 2.20× vs. 2.10× longer than broad, length 0.77 mm vs. 0.69 mm; chela with pedicel 2.73× vs. 2.60× longer than broad; chela without pedicel 2.47× vs. 2.40× longer than broad); from P. sinensis by the presence of more movable chelal finger teeth (54–56 vs. 43) ; from P. sumatranus (Beier, 1935) by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 24) and smaller body size (♂) (e.g. body length 2.77 mm vs. 2.50 mm; palpal femur 2.20× vs. 2.30× longer than broad, length 0.77 mm vs. 0.61 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.56 mm vs. 0.47 mm); from P. trisulcus sp. nov. by stouter pedipalps (♂) (e.g. palpal femur 2.20× vs. 2.39× longer than broad); from P. yunnanensis sp. nov. by slender chela (♂) (e.g. chela with pedicel 2.73× vs. 2.63–2.64× longer than broad) (With 1906, With 1907, Beier 1932, Beier 1935a, Beier 1935b, Redikorzev 1938, Beier 1951, Morikawa 1953, Sivaraman 1980, Sivaraman 1981, Mathew and Joseph 2019).

Males (holotype and paratypes) (Fig. 4A, Fig. 5A–D, F–I, Fig. 6A–C, E–H and J–M). Colour: pedipalps reddish-brown, remainder yellowish-brown, but paler in posterior half of carapace.

Carapace (Figs 5, 6A): 1.13–1.17× longer than broad; surface smooth, without furrow; anterior half darker than posterior half; with two distinct eyespots situated near anterior margin of carapace; anterior margin with four setae, posterior margin with seven or eight setae, 41–42 in total, each seta acicular and very slightly curved.

Chelicera (Fig. 6B–C and E): much smaller than carapace length; surface smooth; four setae (sbs absent; bs shorter than others) and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand; movable finger with one slightly curved galeal seta; bs and es dentate apically, is and ls long and acute. Fixed finger with four or five large retrorse teeth and three small apical teeth, movable finger with a long broadly dentated subapical lobe and two or three small sub-terminal teeth; galea present, shorter and with two small terminal branchlets and two small lateral dentations (Fig. 6C). Serrula interior connected to fixed finger for entire length, proximally modified to form velum, serrula exterior with 22–26 blades, the basal one longest; lamina exterior present. Rallum composed of four blades, the basal two blades shorter than others, the distal one dentated anteriorly, remainder smooth (Fig. 6E).

Pedipalp (Fig. 5B–D and Fig. 6F–G): stout, trochanter 1.34–1.39×, femur 2.11–2.36×, patella 1.74–1.84×, chela with pedicel (without pedicel) 2.54–2.66× (2.43–2.52×), hand with pedicel (without pedicel) 1.66–1.68× (1.46–1.47×) longer than broad; movable chelal finger 0.65–0.71× (0.74–0.82×) longer than hand with pedicel (without pedicel) and 0.40–0.45× (0.43–0.48×) longer than chela with pedicel (without pedicel). Setae generally long and acuminate. Only prolateral surface of femur and patella granular; trochanter with two well-developed conical tubercles. Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria: eb and esb situated at base of fixed finger on retrolateral face, esb slightly distal to eb; ib and isb situated at base of fixed finger on prolateral face, isb slightly distal to ib; est in the middle of fixed finger; et near sub-distal of fixed finger; est closer to esb than to et; it distal to est and proximal to et; ist slightly proximal to est; it closer to ist than to fingertip; distance between est and esb further from that of ist and isb; distance between it and fingertip further than distance between ist and isb; b and sb situated at base of movable finger on retrolateral face; t in the middle of movable finger and at same level as it; sb closer to b than to st; st closer to sb than to t (Fig. 6G). Venom apparatus only present in fixed chelal finger, venom ducts curved and short, terminating in inflated nodus ramosus between et and est, closer to et. Both chelal fingers with a row of acute teeth, spaced contiguously along the margin, slightly rounded proximally: fixed chelal finger with 32–34 teeth; movable chelal finger with 41–42 teeth (nearly as large as teeth on fixed chelal finger); without accessory teeth (Fig. 6G). Femur without long tactile setae. Movable chelal finger slightly curved in lateral view (Fig. 5B and Fig. 6G).

Opisthosoma: generally typical, all setae long, acuminate and biseriate; pleural membrane longitudinally striate, without setae. Tergites I–Ⅱ and XI undivided and others incompletely divided, tergal chaetotaxy I–XI: 8: 8: 3–4: 5–5: 6–7: 5–7: 5–6: 5–6: 5–6: 5–6 + (4T): 13(2T). All sternites (except sternite XI) divided, sternal chaetotaxy IV–XI: 4–4: 7–8: 5–8: 5–7: 6–8: 6–8: 4–6 (4T): 11 (4T). Anus (tergite Ⅻ and sternite Ⅻ) without raised rim. Anterior genital operculum with eight or nine setae on each side, posterior margin with seven setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 5F, Fig. 6H and J): lateral apodemes (a) relatively small; the hooked branch (br) well-developed, bowed distally and terminated in a plate-like tip; the proximal part with a nearly pale sclerotised bar (c), distinctly curved; the longitudinal fold of medial diverticula (d) vestigial; the ejaculatory canal atrium (e) not well-developed, curved distally; the lateral rods (f) short and diverging proximally; the tip of dorsal apodeme (g) completely joined; the ventral diverticulum (h) bilobed; genital atrium without genital setae.

Legs (Fig. 5G–I and Fig. 6K–M): generally typical, fairly smooth, slightly stout; junction between femora and patellae I and II oblique. Femoropatella of leg Ⅳ 2.68–2.69× longer than deep; tibia 3.00–3.06× longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 3.17–3.25× longer than deep (TS = 0.15–0.16); subterminal tarsal setae arcuate and acute. Arolium slightly shorter than claws, not divided; claws smooth.

Adult females (Fig. 4B, Fig. 5E and Fig. 6I): Mostly same as the males, but a little smaller and darker. Chelicera: hand with four setae; galea with six branchlets; serrula exterior with 22–23 blades. Pedipalps: stout, trochanter 1.54, femur 2.23–2.29, patella 1.87–1.90, chela (with pedicel) 2.71–2.75, chela (without pedicel) 2.55–2.57, hand (without pedicel) 1.51× longer than broad, movable chelal finger 0.71–0.75× longer than hand without pedicel; dorsal tubercle on trochanter not as well developed as that of males. Opisthosoma: tergites I–Ⅲ and XI undivided and others incompletely divided, tergal chaetotaxy I–XI: 8: 8: 9: 10–12: 12–13: 6–8: 6–8: 6–8: 6–7: 5–7 (4T): 10–11 (2T). All sternites (except sternite XI) divided, sternal chaetotaxy IV–XI: 4–5: 8–9: 6–9: 6–7: 5–9: 6–8: 5–6 (4T): 10–11 (4T). Female genitalia: simple, spermathecae provided with separated median cribriform plates; anterior genital operculum with ten setae, posterior margin with nine setae; with two or three lyrifissures on both operculums. Legs: femoropatella of leg Ⅳ 2.68× longer than deep; tibia 2.95–3.00× longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 3.23× longer than deep.

Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males (females in parentheses): body length 3.39–3.49 (3.17–3.26). Carapace 0.81/0.72–0.69 (0.84–0.85/0.77–0.78). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.39/0.28–0.29 (0.43/0.28), femur 0.73–0.78/0.32–0.33 (0.78–0.80/0.35), patella 0.66–0.70/0.37–0.38 (0.73–0.74/0.39), chela (with pedicel) 1.26–1.33/0.47–0.50 (1.38–1.40/0.51), chela (without pedicel) 1.19–1.26 (1.30–1.31), hand (with pedicel) 0.76–0.81 (0.70), hand (without pedicel) 0.69–0.74 (0.77), movable finger length 0.51–0.60 (0.55–0.58). Leg I: trochanter 0.15–0.19/0.14 (0.16–0.17/0.15), femur 0.24–0.26/0.18–0.22 (0.25–0.27/0.20), patella 0.39–0.42/0.17–0.19 (0.44/0.20), tibia 0.35–0.39/0.12–0.13 (0.40–0.41/0.13), tarsus 0.33/0.09–0.10 (0.34–0.35/0.09). Leg IV: trochanter 0.28–0.30/0.16–0.17 (0.31–0.33/0.21), femoropatella 0.83–0.86/0.31–0.32 (0.91/0.34), tibia 0.54–0.55/0.18 (0.59–0.60/0.20), tarsus 0.38–0.39/0.12 (0.42/0.13).

This new species is characterised by (see taxon discussion for more details): with smaller body size (3.39–3.49 (♂) mm, 3.17–3.26 (♀) mm); anterior half of carapace darker than posterior half; with two distinct eyespots; palpal femur 2.28–2.36 (♂), 2.23–2.29 (♀), chela with pedicel 2.66–2.68 (♂), 2.71–2.75 (♀) × longer than broad, chela without pedicel 2.43–2.52 (♂), 2.55–2.57 (♀) × longer than broad; prolateral surface of femur and patella granular; distance between est and esb further than that of ist and isb; galea simple, short and simple branch.

The specific name is derived from the Latin adjective parvus (-a, -um), meaning small and referring to the characters of smaller body size.

China (Yunnan) (Fig. 16).

Paratemnoides parvus sp. nov. is similar to P. guangdongensis sp. nov., but differs by stouter chela (♂) (e.g. chela with pedicel 2.54–2.66× vs. 2.73× longer than broad) and fewer movable chelal finger teeth (♂) (41–42 vs. 54–56) .

Paratemnoides parvus sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. assimilis by the number of posterior margin setae on the carapace (7–8 vs. 6), the number of serrula exterior blades (22–26 vs. 21) and slightly stouter pedipalps (♂) (e.g. chela with pedicel 2.66–2.68× vs. 2.60× longer than broad; chelal hand with pedicel 1.62× vs. 1.88× longer than broad, length 0.76–0.81 mm vs. 0.94 mm); from P. borneoensis by smaller body size and the slender pedipalps (♀) (e.g. body length 3.17–3.26 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur length 0.78–0.80 mm vs. 0.68 mm); from P. curtulus by the arrangement of trichobothria (e.g. distance between est and esb further than that of ist and isb vs. shorter than that of ist and isb) and the slender chela (♂) (chela with pedicel 2.66–2.68× vs. 2.19× longer than broad, length 1.26–1.33 mm vs. 1.05 mm); from P. indicus by smaller body size and slender pedipalps (e.g. body length (♂) 3.39–3.49 mm vs. 4.02 mm, (♀) 3.17–3.26 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur (♀) 2.23–2.29× vs. 2.00× longer than broad, length 0.78–0.80 mm vs. 0.72 mm) and the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots absent); from P. japonicus by the trait of eyes (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots absent), the number of serrula exterior blades (22–26 vs. 18) and larger body size and stouter pedipalps (♂) (e.g. body length 3.39–3.49 mm vs. 2.97 mm; palpal femur 2.28–2.36× vs. 2.40× longer than broad, length 0.73–0.78 mm vs. 0.81 mm); from P. laosanus by smaller body length (♂♀) (3.17–3.49 mm vs. 3.50–4.00 mm) and stouter chela (♂) (e.g. chela without pedicel 2.43–2.52× vs. 2.20–2.30× longer than broad; hand with pedicel 1.62× vs. 1.70–1.80× longer than broad, length 0.76–0.81 mm vs. 0.95 mm); from P. mahnerti by the number of serrula exterior blades (22–26 vs. 19) and relative position of trichobothrium st (st situated closer to sb than to t vs. midway between sb and t); from P. pallidus by smaller body size (♀) (e.g. body length 3.17–3.26 mm vs. 4.30 mm) and slender chela (♀) (e.g. chela with pedicel 2.71–2.75× vs. 2.20× longer than broad); from P. philippinus by slightly smaller body size and stouter chela (♂) (e.g. chela with pedicel 2.66–2.68× vs. 2.20× longer than broad; chelal hand with pedicel length 0.76–0.81 mm vs. 0.90 mm) and the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. without eyespots); from P. plebejus by smaller body size (♀) (e.g. body length 3.17–3.26 mm vs. 4.00–5.70 mm; palpal femur 2.23–2.29× vs. 2.00× longer than broad) and the trait of pedipalp (prolateral surface of femur and patella granular only vs. almost entire surface granular); from P. pococki by smaller body size and slender pedipalps (♀) (e.g. body length 3.17–3.26 mm vs. 3.87 mm; palpal femur length 0.78–0.80 mm vs. 0.62 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.55–0.58 mm vs. 0.46 mm); from P. politus sp. nov. by slender pedipalps (♂) (e.g. palpal femur 2.11–2.36× vs. 1.94–2.00× longer than broad) and fewer movable chelal finger teeth (♂) (41–42 vs. 48–50) ; from P. redikorzevi by the number of serrula exterior blades (22–26 vs. 20) and slightly larger body size and slender pedipalps (e.g. body length (♂) 3.39–3.49 mm vs. 3.00 mm; palpal femur (♀) 2.23–2.29× vs. 2.18–2.19× longer than broad, length 0.78–0.80 mm vs. 0.70–0.72 mm); from P. robustus by smaller body length (e.g. body length (♂) 3.39–3.49 mm vs. 3.80 mm, (♀) 3.17–3.26 mm vs. 4.60 mm; palpal femur (♂) length 0.73–0.78 mm vs. 0.91 mm; movable finger length 0.51–0.60 mm vs. 0.66 mm) and stouter leg IV (e.g. femoropatella 2.68–2.69× vs. 2.40× longer than deep; tibia 3.00–3.06× vs. 3.30× longer than deep); from P. salomonis by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots wanting), slightly smaller body length and the slender pedipalps (♂) (e.g. palpal femur 2.28–2.36× vs. 2.10× longer than broad, length 0.73–0.78 mm vs. 0.69 mm; chela with pedicel 2.66–2.68× vs. 2.60× longer than broad; chela without pedicel 2.43–2.52× vs. 2.40× longer than broad); from P. sinensis by smaller body size (e.g. palpal patella (♂) 1.78–1.84× vs. 1.90× longer than broad, length 0.66–0.70 mm vs. 0.74–0.80 mm; tibia of leg IV (♂) 3.00–3.06× vs. 3.20× longer than deep) and the arrangement of trichobothria (distance between est and esb further than that of ist and isb vs. nearly equal to that of ist and isb); from P. sumatranus by larger body size (♂) (e.g. body length 3.39–3.49 mm vs. 2.50 mm; palpal femur length 0.73–0.78 mm vs. 0.61 mm; chela with pedicel 2.66–2.68× vs. 2.80–2.90× longer than broad; movable chelal finger length 0.51–0.60 mm vs. 0.47 mm); from P. trisulcus sp. nov. by stouter chela (♂) (e.g. chela with pedicel 2.54–2.66× vs. 2.83× longer than broad) and fewer movable chelal finger teeth (♂) (41–42 vs. 46) ; from P. yunnanensis sp. nov. by fewer movable chelal finger teeth (♂) (41–42 vs. 46–48) and relative position of trichobothrium ist (i.e. ist situated basal to est vs. distal to to est) (With 1906, With 1907, Beier 1932, Beier 1935a, Beier 1935b, Redikorzev 1938, Beier 1951, Morikawa 1953, Sivaraman 1980, Sivaraman 1981, Mathew and Joseph 2019).

Males (holotype and paratype) (Fig. 7A, Fig. 8A–E, G–I, Fig. 9A–C, E–H and K–M). Colour: anterior half of carapace, tergites and chelicerae brown, but paler in posterior half of carapace; pedipalps reddish-brown, paler and paler from fingertips to trochanter; remainder yellowish-brown.

Carapace (Figs 8, 9A): 1.16–1.18× longer than broad; surface smooth, without furrow; anterior half slightly darker than posterior half; with two distinct eyespots situated near anterior margin of carapace; anterior margin with six setae, posterior margin with nine setae, 52 in total, each seta acicular and very slightly curved.

Chelicera (Fig. 9B–C and E): much smaller than carapace length; surface smooth; four setae (sbs absent; bs shorter than others) and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand; movable finger with one slightly curved galeal seta; bs and es dentate apically, is and ls long and acute. Fixed finger with four large retrorse teeth and four small apical teeth, movable finger with a long broadly dentated subapical lobe and one small sub-terminal tooth; galea present, shorter and with three larger lateral branchlets and one small terminal dentation (Fig. 9C). Serrula interior connected to fixed finger for entire length, proximally modified to form velum, serrula exterior with 22 blades, the basal one longest; lamina exterior present. Rallum composed of four blades, the basal two blades shorter than others, the distal one dentated anteriorly, remainder smooth (Fig. 9E).

Pedipalp (Fig. 8B, D–E, Fig. 9F and M): stout, trochanter 1.46–1.50×, femur (base distinctly wider than terminal) 1.94–2.00×, patella 1.80–1.93×, chela with pedicel (without pedicel) 2.67–2.87× (2.43–2.62×), hand with pedicel (without pedicel) 1.65–1.77× (1.41–1.52×) longer than broad; movable chelal finger 0.67–0.69× (0.78–0.81×) longer than hand with pedicel (without pedicel) and 0.42–0.43× (0.46–0.47×) longer than chela with pedicel (without pedicel). Setae generally long and acuminate. Prolateral surface of femur and patella light yellow and granular; trochanter with one well-developed conical dorsal tubercle and a rounded ventral tubercle. Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria: eb and esb situated at base of fixed finger on retrolateral face, esb slightly distal to eb; ib and isb situated at base of fixed finger on prolateral face, isb slightly distal to ib; est in the middle of fixed finger; et near sub-distal of fixed finger; est closer to esb than to et; it distal to est and proximal to et; ist slightly proximal to est; it closer to ist than to fingertip; distance between est and esb further than that of ist and isb; distance between it and fingertip further than distance between ist and isb; b and sb situated at base of movable finger on retrolateral face; t in the middle of movable finger and at same level as it; sb slightly closer to b than to st; st closer to sb than to t (Fig. 9M). Venom apparatus only present in fixed chelal finger, venom ducts curved and short, terminating in inflated nodus ramosus between et and est, very close to et. Both chelal fingers with a row of acute teeth, spaced contiguously along the margin, slightly rounded proximally: fixed chelal finger with 37–38 teeth; movable chelal finger with 48–50 teeth (nearly as large as teeth on fixed chelal finger); without accessory teeth (Fig. 9M). Femur without long tactile setae. Movable chelal finger straight in lateral view (Fig. 8D and Fig. 9M).

Opisthosoma: generally typical, all setae long, acuminate and biseriate; pleural membrane longitudinally striate, without setae. Tergites I–V and XI undivided and others incompletely divided, each anterior half of tergite darker than posterior half, tergal chaetotaxy I–XI: 10: 11: 12: 13: 14: 7–7: 8–7: 8–7: 7–7: 9–8: 7–6, tergites X and XI each with two long tactile setae. All sternites (except sternite XI) divided, sternal chaetotaxy IV–XI: 5–5: 9–9: 8–7: 8–8: 8–8: 7–8: 9–8 (2T): 8–7 (4T). Anus (tergite Ⅻ and sternite Ⅻ) without raised rim. Anterior genital operculum with 17 setae on each side, posterior margin with eight setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 8C, Fig. 9K and L): lateral apodemes (a) relatively small; the hooked branch (br) well-developed, bowed distally and terminating in a plate-like tip; the proximal part with a nearly pale sclerotised bar (c), distinctly curved; the longitudinal fold of medial diverticula (d) vestigial; the ejaculatory canal atrium (e) not well-developed, curved distally; the lateral rods (f) short and diverging proximally; the tip of dorsal apodeme (g) completely joined; the ventral diverticulum (h) bilobed; genital atrium without genital setae.

Legs (Fig. 8G–I and Fig. 9G–H): generally typical, fairly smooth, slightly stout; junction between femora and patellae I and II oblique. Femoropatella of leg Ⅳ 2.74–2.82× longer than deep; tibia 3.00× longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 2.92–3.07× longer than deep (TS = 0.12–0.13); subterminal tarsal setae arcuate and acute. Arolium slightly shorter than claws, not divided; claws smooth.

Adult females (Fig. 7B, Fig. 8F, Fig. 9D and I–J): Mostly same as the males, but a little larger and darker. Carapace: 1.12–1.13× longer than broad; anterior margin and posterior margin each with six setae, 62 in total. Chelicera: hand with four setae; galea with four larger branchlets and one small branchlet; serrula exterior with 23 blades, the basal one longest; rallum composed of four blades, the distal one dentated anteriorly, remainder smooth. Pedipalps: stout, trochanter 1.48–1.54, femur 1.92–2.00, patella 1.92, chela (with pedicel) 2.71–2.72, chela (without pedicel) 2.47–2.48, hand (without pedicel) 1.51× longer than broad, movable chelal finger 0.68–0.69× (0.79–0.81×) longer than hand with pedicel (without pedicel) and 0.42× (0.46–0.47×) longer than chela with pedicel (without pedicel). Opisthosoma: female genitalia: simple, spermathecae provided with separated median cribriform plates. Legs: femoropatella of leg Ⅳ 2.71–2.74× longer than deep; tibia 2.81–2.86× longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsalc segment: tarsus 2.93–3.31× longer than deep (TS = 0.12).

Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males (females in parentheses): body length 3.31–3.63 (4.58–4.65). Carapace 0.97–1.00/0.82–0.86 (1.03/0.91–0.92). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.41–0.45/0.28–0.30 (0.43/0.28–0.29), femur 0.68–0.78/0.35–0.39 (0.71–0.72/0.36–0.37), patella 0.72–0.79/0.40–0.41 (0.73–0.75/0.38–0.39), chela (with pedicel) 1.36–1.49/0.51–0.52 (1.41–1.44/0.52–0.53), chela (without pedicel) 1.24–1.36 (1.29–1.31), hand (with pedicel) 0.84–0.92 (0.87–0.88), hand (without pedicel) 0.72–0.79 (0.75), movable finger length 0.58–0.62 (0.59–0.61). Leg I: trochanter 0.17–0.18/0.15–0.16 (0.17–0.19/0.16), femur 0.26–0.28/0.20–0.22 (0.27–0.28/0.21–0.22), patella 0.41–0.44/0.18–0.19 (0.43–0.45/0.18–0.19), tibia 0.37–0.38/0.13 (0.39–0.40/0.14), tarsus 0.30–0.31/0.09–0.10 (0.33/0.10). Leg IV: trochanter 0.32/0.18–0.22 (0.33/0.20–0.22), femoropatella 0.85–0.93/0.31–0.33 (0.92–0.96/0.34–0.35), tibia 0.60–0.63/0.20–0.21 (0.59–0.60/0.21), tarsus 0.38–0.43/0.13–0.14 (0.41–0.43/0.13–0.14).

This new species is characterised by (see taxon discussion for more details): carapace 1.16–1.18 (♂), 1.12–1.13 (♀) × longer than broad; with two distinct eyespots; palpal femur 1.94–2.00 (♂), 1.92–2.00 (♀), chela with pedicel 2.67–2.87 (♂), 2.71–2.72 (♀) × longer than broad, chela without pedicel 2.43–2.62 (♂), 2.47–2.48 (♀) × longer than broad; only prolateral surface of femur and patella granular; fixed chelal finger with 37–38 teeth; movable chelal finger with 48–50 teeth; serrula exterior with (♂♀) 22–23 blades.

The specific name is derived from the Latin adjective polio (-a, -um), meaning smooth and referring to the characters of smooth pedipalps, only prolateral surface of femur and patella granular.

China (Yunnan) (Fig. 16).

Paratemnoides politus sp. nov. is similar to P. trisulcus sp. nov., but differs by stouter pedipalps (♂) (e.g. palpal femur 1.94–2.00× vs. 2.39× longer than broad).

Paratemnoides politus sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. assimilis by slightly stouter appendages (♂) (e.g. chela with pedicel 2.67–2.87× vs. 2.60× longer than broad; chelal hand with pedicel 1.65–1.77× vs. 1.88× longer than broad; femoropatella of leg IV 2.71–2.74× vs. 2.50–2.60×, tibia of leg IV 2.81–2.86× vs. 3.00× longer than deep); from P. borneoensis by the number of serrula exterior blades (22 vs. 24), larger body size and stouter pedipalps (♀) (e.g. body length 4.58–4.65 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur 1.92–2.00× vs. 2.27× longer than broad, length 0.71–0.72 mm vs. 0.68 mm); from P. curtulus by the arrangement of trichobothria (e.g. distance between est and esb further than that of ist and isb vs. shorter to that of ist and isb) and the slender chela (♂) (chela with pedicel 2.67–2.87× vs. 2.19× longer than broad, length 1.36–1.49 mm vs. 1.05 mm); from P. guangdongensis sp. nov. by stouter pedipalps (♂) (e.g. palpal femur 1.94–2.00× vs. 2.20× longer than broad) and fewer movable chelal finger teeth (♂) (48–50 vs. 54–56); from P. indicus by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots absent), the number of setae on the carapace (52 vs. 46), more movable chelal finger teeth (48–50 vs. 42) and the body size (e.g. body length (♂) 3.31–3.63 mm vs. 4.02 mm, (♀) 4.58–4.65 mm vs. 4.06 mm); from P. japonicus by the trait of eyes (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots absent), the number of serrula exterior blades (22 vs. 18) and larger body size and stouter pedipalps (♂) (e.g. body length 3.31–3.63 mm vs. 2.97 mm; palpal femur 1.94–2.00× vs. 2.40× longer than broad, length 0.68–0.78 mm vs. 0.81 mm); from P. laosanus by larger body size and stouter pedipalps (e.g. body length (♀) 4.58–4.65 mm vs. max. 4.00 mm; palpal femur length (♀) 0.71–0.72 mm vs. 0.77 mm; hand with pedicel (♀) 1.66–1.67× vs. 1.79× longer than broad, length 0.87–0.88 mm vs. 1.00 mm; chela without pedicel (♂) 2.43–2.62× vs. 2.20–2.30× longer than broad) and more chelal fingers teeth (fixed finger with 37–38 vs. 33 teeth, movable finger with 48–50 vs. 44); from P. mahnerti by the number of serrula exterior blades (22 vs. 19), relative position of trichobothrium st (st situated closer to sb than to t vs. midway between sb and t), more chelal fingers teeth (fixed finger with 37–38 vs. 31 teeth, movable finger with 48–50 vs. 39), the number of setae on the carapace (52 vs. 40) and larger body size (e.g. body length (♂) 3.31–3.63 mm vs. 2.02 mm, (♀) 4.58–4.65 mm vs. 3.05 mm); from P. pallidus by slightly larger body size (♀) (e.g. body length 4.58–4.65 mm vs. 4.30 mm), stouter pedipalps (♀) (e.g. palpal femur 1.92–2.00× vs. 2.20× longer than broad) and the number of serrula exterior blades (22 vs. 25); from P. parvus sp. nov. by stouter pedipalps (♂) (e.g. palpal femur 1.94–2.00× vs. 2.11–2.36× longer than broad) and more movable chelal finger teeth (♂) (48–50 vs. 41–42) ; from P. philippinus by the slender chela (♂) (chela with pedicel 2.67–2.87× vs. 2.20× longer than broad), the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. without eyespots) and the number of serrula exterior blades (22 vs. 26); from P. plebejus by stouter pedipalps (♂) (e.g. palpal femur 1.94–2.00× vs. 2.11× longer than broad), more fixed chelal finger teeth (♂) (37–38 vs. 32) and the trait of pedipalp (prolateral surface of femur and patella granular only vs. almost entire surface granular); from P. pococki by larger body size and slender pedipalps (♀) (e.g. body length 4.58–4.65 mm vs. 3.87 mm; palpal femur 1.92–2.00× vs. 2.20× longer than broad, length 0.71–0.72 mm vs. 0.62 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.59–0.61 mm vs. 0.46 mm); from P. redikorzevi by the number of serrula exterior blades (22 vs. 20), larger body size and slender pedipalps (e.g. body length (♂) 3.39–3.49 mm vs. 3.00 mm, (♀) 4.58–4.65 mm vs. 3.00–4.00 mm; chela without pedicel (♂) 2.43–2.62× vs. 2.30–2.40× longer than broad); from P. robustus by the number of serrula exterior blades (22 vs. 26), smaller body size and stouter pedipalps (♂) (e.g. body length 3.31–3.63 mm vs. 3.80 mm; palpal femur 1.94–2.00× vs. 2.28× longer than broad, length 0.68–0.78 mm vs. 0.91 mm); from P. salomonis by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots wanting), the number of serrula exterior blades (22 vs. 23) and slightly slender appendages (e.g. chela with pedicel 2.67–2.87× vs. 2.60× longer than broad; tarsus of leg IV 2.92–3.07× vs. 3.20× longer than deep); from P. sinensis by stouter pedipalps (e.g. palpal femur (♂) 1.94–2.00× vs. 2.30× longer than broad, chela with pedicel (♂) 2.67–2.87× vs. 2.40–2.50× longer than broad) and the arrangement of trichobothria (distance between est and esb further than that of ist and isb vs. nearly equal to that of ist and isb); from P. sumatranus by the number of serrula exterior blades (22 vs. 24) and larger body size and stouter pedipalps (♂) (e.g. body length 3.31–3.63 mm vs. 2.50 mm; palpal femur 1.94–2.00× vs. 2.26× longer than broad, length 0.68–0.78 mm vs. 0.61 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.58–0.62 mm vs. 0.47 mm); from P. yunnanensis sp. nov. by stouter pedipalps (♂) (e.g. palpal femur 1.94–2.00× vs. 2.17–2.41× longer than broad) and relative position of trichobothria t and it (t distal to it vs. basal to it) (With 1906, With 1907, Beier 1932, Beier 1935a, Beier 1935b, Redikorzev 1938, Beier 1951, Morikawa 1953, Sivaraman 1980, Sivaraman 1981, Mathew and Joseph 2019).

Male (holotype) (Fig. 10A, Fig. 11A–D, F–I, Fig. 12A–C, E, G–I, K and M–N). Colour: anterior half of carapace brown, but paler in posterior half; pedipalps reddish-brown; remainder yellowish-brown.

Carapace (Figs 11, 12A): 1.34× longer than broad; surface smooth, without furrow; anterior half slightly darker than posterior half; with two distinct eyespots situated near anterior margin of carapace; anterior margin with four setae, posterior margin with nine setae, 67 in total, each seta acicular and very slightly curved.

Chelicera (Fig. 12B–C and E): much smaller than carapace length; surface smooth; four setae (sbs absent; bs shorter than others) and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand; movable finger with one slightly curved galeal seta; bs and es dentate apically, is and ls long and acute. Fixed finger with four large retrorse teeth and two small apical teeth, movable finger with a long broadly dentated subapical lobe; galea present, slender and with five small terminal dentations (Fig. 12C). Serrula interior connected to fixed finger for entire length, proximally modified to form velum, serrula exterior with 21 blades, the basal one longest; lamina exterior present. Rallum composed of four blades, the basal two blades shorter than others, the distal one dentated anteriorly, remainder smooth (Fig. 12E).

Pedipalp (Fig. 11B, D, G, Fig. 12G and H): stout, trochanter 1.53×, femur 2.39×, patella 1.76×, chela with pedicel (without pedicel) 2.83× (2.64×), hand without pedicel 1.49× longer than broad; movable chelal finger 0.72× longer than hand without pedicel and 0.43× (0.46×) longer than chela with pedicel (without pedicel). Setae generally long and acuminate. Retrolateral surface of trochanter, prolateral surface of femur, patella and base of chelal fingers granular; trochanter with two well-developed rounded tubercles. Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria: eb and esb situated at base of fixed finger on retrolateral face, esb slightly distal to eb; ib and isb situated at base of fixed finger on prolateral face, isb slightly distal to ib; est in the middle of fixed finger; et near sub-distal of fixed finger; est closer to esb than to et; it distal to est and proximal to et; ist slightly distal to est and proximal to it; it closer to ist than to fingertip; distance between est and esb further than that of ist and isb; distance between it and fingertip further than distance between ist and isb; b and sb situated at base of movable finger on retrolateral face; t in the middle of movable finger and at same level as it; sb slightly closer to b than to st; st closer to sb than to t (Fig. 12H). Venom apparatus only present in fixed chelal finger, venom ducts curved and short, terminating in inflated nodus ramosus between et and est, closer to et. Both chelal fingers with a row of acute teeth, spaced contiguously along the margin, slightly rounded proximally: fixed chelal finger with 38 teeth; movable chelal finger with 46 teeth (nearly as large as teeth on fixed chelal finger); without accessory teeth (Fig. 12H). Femur without long tactile setae. Movable chelal finger slightly curved in lateral view (Fig. 11B and Fig. 12H).

Opisthosoma: generally typical, all setae long, acuminate and biseriate; pleural membrane longitudinally striate, without setae. Tergites I–V and XI undivided and others incompletely divided, tergal chaetotaxy I–XI: 8: 9: 10: 14: 13: 7–7: 7–7: 6–7: 7–7: 6–6 (4T): 10 (2T). All sternites divided, sternal chaetotaxy IV–XI: 6–4: 7–7: 7–6: 7–8: 7–7: 7–7: 6–5 (4T): 12 (4T). Anus (tergite Ⅻ and sternite Ⅻ) without raised rim. Anterior genital operculum with three or five setae on each side, posterior margin with eight setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 11F, Fig. 12K and M) well-developed: lateral apodemes (a) relatively well-developed, with a distinctive inner ridge curved into semicircle; the hooked branch (br) well-developed, bowed distally and terminated in a plate-like tip; the proximal part with a dark sclerotised bar (c), distinctly curved; the longitudinal fold of medial diverticula (d) with a projection midway along its length; the ejaculatory canal atrium (e) not well-developed, curved distally; the lateral rods (f) short and diverging proximally; the tip of dorsal apodeme (g) completely joined; the ventral diverticulum (h) bilobed; genital atrium without genital setae.

Legs (Fig. 11C, H–I, Fig. 12I and N): generally typical, fairly smooth, slightly stout; junction between femora and patellae I and II oblique. Femoropatella of leg Ⅳ 2.61× longer than deep; tibia 3.17× longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 3.36× longer than deep (TS = 0.14); subterminal tarsal setae arcuate and acute. Arolium slightly shorter than claws, not divided; claws smooth.

Adult females (Fig. 10B, Fig. 11E, Fig. 12J and L): Mostly same as the male, but a little darker. Carapace: 1.04–1.12× longer than broad; anterior margin with six setae, posterior margin with nine setae, 69 in total. Chelicera: hand with four setae; galea with five branchlets; serrula exterior with 20 blades, the basal one longest; rallum composed of four blades, the distal three dentated anteriorly. Pedipalps: stout, trochanter 1.35–1.43, femur 2.17–2.20, patella 1.79, chela (with pedicel) 2.60–2.61, chela (without pedicel) 2.43–2.44, hand (without pedicel) 1.38–1.42× longer than broad, movable chelal finger 0.67–0.68× longer than hand without pedicel; fixed chelal finger with 35 teeth; movable chelal finger with 48 teeth. Opisthosoma: tergites I–IV and XI undivided and others incompletely divided, tergal chaetotaxy I–XI: 10: 10: 10: 13: 6–7: 7–7: 6–8: 8–7: 7–7: 6–7 (4T): 12 (2T). Sternites incompletely divided, sternal chaetotaxy IV–XI: 5–5: 8–8: 8–8: 8–7: 8–8: 8–7: 6–7 (4T): 9 (4T). Female genitalia: simple, spermathecae provided with separated median cribriform plates. Legs: femoropatella of leg Ⅳ 2.49–2.56× longer than deep; tibia 3.05–3.10× longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 3.00–3.15× longer than deep (TS = 0.12).

Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Male (females in parentheses): body length 3.47 (2.87–3.65). Carapace 0.98/0.73 (1.00–1.03/0.92–0.96). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.46/0.30 (3.20–3.30/0.92–0.96), femur 0.79/0.33 (0.77–0.78/0.35–0.36), patella 0.72/0.41 (0.75/0.42), chela (with pedicel) 1.33/0.47 (1.41–1.43/0.54–0.55), chela (without pedicel) 1.24 (1.31–1.34), hand (with pedicel) 0.88 (0.66–0.69), hand (without pedicel) 0.79 (0.75–0.78), movable finger length 0.57 (0.58). Leg I: trochanter 0.17/0.16 (0.17–0.18/0.16), femur 0.27/0.21(0.27–0.28/0.22–0.23), patella 0.46/0.20 (0.45–0.46/0.20–0.22), tibia 0.42/0.14 (0.42–0.43/0.14–0.15), tarsus 0.31/0.09 (0.32–0.33/0.10). Leg IV: trochanter 0.31/0.18 (0.32–0.33/0.18–0.20), femoropatella 0.81/0.31 (0.82–0.87/0.32–0.35), tibia 0.57/0.18 (0.61–0.62/0.20), tarsus 0.37/0.11 (0.39–0.41/0.13).

This new species is characterised by (see taxon discussion for more details): carapace with two distinct eyespots; palpal femur 2.39 (♂), 2.17–2.20 (♀), chela with pedicel 2.83 (♂), 2.60–2.61 (♀) × longer than broad, chela without pedicel 2.64 (♂), 2.43–2.44 (♀) × longer than broad; retrolateral surface of trochanter, prolateral surface of femur and patella granular; female rallum with three dentated blades; male genitalia: distal part lateral apodemes (a) well-developed.

The specific name is derived from the Latin adjective trisulcus (-a, -um), meaning trifurcate and referring to the characters of rallum (♀) with three dentate blades.

China (Guangxi) (Fig. 16).

Paratemnoides trisulcus sp. nov. is similar to P. politus sp. nov., but differs by slender pedipalps (♂) (e.g. palpal femur 2.39× vs. 1.94–2.00× longer than broad).

Paratemnoides trisulcus sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. assimilis by the number of posterior margin setae on the carapace (9 vs. 6), the trait of rallum (♀) (rallum with three dentated blades vs. with one dentated blade only) and stouter pedipalps (♂) (e.g. chela with pedicel 2.83× vs. 2.60× longer than broad; palpal patella 1.76× vs. 2.00× longer than broad); from P. borneoensis by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 24) and the slender pedipalps (♀) (e.g. palpal femur length 0.77–0.78 mm vs. 0.68 mm; palpal patella 1.79× vs. 2.10× longer than broad, length 0.75 mm vs. 0.68 mm); from P. curtulus by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 23), the arrangement of trichobothria (e.g. distance between est and esb further than that of ist and isb vs. shorter than that of ist and isb) and the slender chela (♂) (chela with pedicel 2.83× vs. 2.19× longer than broad, length 1.33 mm vs. 1.05 mm); from P. guangdongensis sp. nov. by slender pedipalps (♂) (e.g. palpal femur 2.39× vs. 2.20× longer than broad); from P. indicus by smaller body size and slender pedipalps (e.g. body length (♂) 3.47 mm vs. 4.02 mm; palpal femur (♀) 2.17–2.20× vs. 2.00× longer than broad, length 0.77–0.78 mm vs. 0.72 mm) and the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots absent); from P. japonicus by the trait of eyes (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots absent), the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 18) and larger body size and stouter pedipalps (♂) (e.g. body length 3.47 mm vs. 2.97 mm; palpal patella 1.76× vs. 1.90× longer than broad); from P. laosanus by slender pedipalps (♂) (e.g. palpal femur 2.39× vs. 1.97× longer than broad; chela without pedicel 2.64× vs. 2.20–2.30× longer than broad); from P. mahnerti by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 19), relative position of trichobothrium st (st situated closer to sb than to t vs. midway between sb and t), the number of setae on the carapace (67 vs. 40), larger body size (♂) (e.g. body length 3.47 mm vs. 2.02 mm) and stouter pedipalps (♀) (e.g., palpal femur 2.17–2.20× vs. 2.29× longer than broad, length 0.77–0.78 mm vs. 0.90 mm; chela with pedicel 2.60–2.61× vs. 2.90× longer than broad, length 1.41–1.43 mm vs. 1.62 mm; chela without pedicel 2.43–2.44× vs. 2.64× longer than broad, length 1.31–1.34 mm vs. 1.48 mm); from P. pallidus by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 25), smaller body size and slender chela (♀) (e.g. body length 2.87–3.65 mm vs. 4.30 mm; chela with pedicel 2.60–2.61× vs. 2.20× longer than broad); from P. parvus sp. nov. by slender chela (♂) (e.g. chela with pedicel 2.83× vs. 2.54–2.66× longer than broad) and more movable chelal finger teeth (♂) (46 vs. 41–42) ; from P. philippinus by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. without eyespots), the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 26) and slender appendages (♂) (chela with pedicel 2.83× vs. 2.20× longer than broad; femoropatella of leg IV 2.61× vs. 2.30× longer than deep); from P. plebejus by the trait of rallum (♂♀) (rallum with three dentated blades vs. with one dentated blade only), stouter pedipalps (♂♀) (e.g. palpal femur (♂) 2.39×, (♀) 2.17–2.20× vs. (♂) 2.11×, (♀) 2.00× longer than broad) and the trait of pedipalp (prolateral surface of femur and patella granular only vs. almost entire surface granular); from P. pococki by smaller body size and slender pedipalps (♀) (e.g. body length 2.87–3.65 mm vs. 3.87 mm; palpal femur length 0.77–0.78 mm vs. 0.62 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.58 mm vs. 0.46 mm); from P. redikorzevi by slightly larger body size and slender pedipalps (♂) (e.g. body length 3.47 mm vs. 3.00 mm; palpal femur 2.39× vs. 2.10–2.30× longer than broad; chela without pedicel 2.64× vs. 2.30–2.40× longer than broad); from P. robustus by smaller body length (e.g. body length (♂) 3.47 mm vs. 3.80 mm, (♀) 2.87–3.65 mm vs. 4.60 mm; palpal femur (♂) 2.39× vs. 2.28× longer than broad, length 0.79 mm vs. 0.91 mm; movable finger length 0.57 mm vs. 0.66 mm) and stouter leg IV (♂) (e.g. femoropatella 2.61× vs. 2.40× longer than deep; tibia 3.17× vs. 3.30× longer than deep) and the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 26); from P. salomonis by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots wanting), the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 23), slender pedipalps (♂) (e.g. palpal femur 2.39× vs. 2.10× longer than broad, length 0.79 mm vs. 0.69 mm; chela with pedicel 2.83× vs. 2.60× longer than broad); from P. sinensis by stouter pedipalps (♂) (e.g. palpal patella 1.76× vs. 1.90× longer than broad; chela with pedicel 2.83× vs. 2.40–2.50× longer than broad) and the arrangement of trichobothria (distance between est and esb further than that of ist and isb vs. nearly equal to that of ist and isb); from P. sumatranus by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 24) and larger body size (♂) (e.g. body length 3.47 mm vs. 2.50 mm; palpal femur 2.39× vs. 2.26× longer than broad, length 0.79 mm vs. 0.61 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.57 mm vs. 0.47 mm); from P. yunnanensis sp. nov. by slender chela (♂) (e.g. chela with pedicel 2.83× vs. 2.63–2.64× longer than broad) and relative position of trichobothria t and it (t basal to it vs. distal to it) (With 1906, With 1907, Beier 1932, Beier 1935a, Beier 1935b, Redikorzev 1938, Beier 1951, Morikawa 1953, Sivaraman 1980, Sivaraman 1981, Mathew and Joseph 2019).

Males (holotype and paratypes) (Fig. 13A, Fig. 14A–E, G–I, Fig. 15A–C, E–H and J–L). Colour: anterior half of carapace brown, but paler in posterior half; pedipalps reddish-brown; tergites yellowish-brown; remainder light yellow.

Carapace (Figs 14, 15A): 1.05–1.13× longer than broad; surface smooth, without furrow; anterior half slightly darker than posterior half; with two distinct eyespots situated near anterior margin of carapace; anterior margin with four setae, posterior margin with eight or nine setae, 60–61 in total, each seta acicular and very slightly curved.

Chelicera (Fig. 15B–C and E): much smaller than carapace length; surface smooth; four setae (sbs absent; bs shorter than others) and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand; movable finger with one slightly curved galeal seta; bs and es dentate apically, is and ls long and acute. Fixed finger with four large retrorse teeth and three small apical teeth, movable finger with a long broadly dentated subapical lobe and two small sub-terminal teeth; galea present, slender and with five small terminal dentations and two small lateral dentations (Fig. 15C). Serrula interior connected to fixed finger for entire length, proximally modified to form velum, serrula exterior with 23–25 blades, the basal one longest; lamina exterior present. Rallum composed of four blades, the basal two blades shorter than others, the distal one dentated anteriorly, remainder smooth (Fig. 15E).

Pedipalp (Fig. 14B–D and Fig. 15F–G): stout, trochanter 1.52–1.56×, femur 2.17–2.41×, patella 1.77–1.87×, chela with pedicel (without pedicel) 2.63–2.64× (2.50–2.51×), hand without pedicel 1.44–1.49× longer than broad; movable chelal finger 0.75× longer than hand without pedicel. Setae generally long and acuminate. Prolateral surface of femur, patella and hand granular; trochanter with two well-developed conical tubercles. Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria: eb and esb situated at base of fixed finger on retrolateral face, esb slightly distal to eb; ib and isb situated at base of fixed finger on prolateral face, isb slightly distal to ib; est in the middle of fixed finger; et near sub-distal of fixed finger; est closer to esb than to et; it distal to est and proximal to et; ist slightly distal to est and proximal to it; it closer to ist than to fingertip; distance between est and esb nearly equal to that of ist and isb; distance between it and fingertip further than distance between ist and isb; b and sb situated at base of movable finger on retrolateral face; t in the middle of movable finger and at same level as ist; sb slightly closer to b than to st; st closer to sb than to t (Fig. 15G). Venom apparatus only present in fixed chelal finger, venom ducts curved and short, terminating in inflated nodus ramosus between et and est, very close to et. Both chelal fingers with a row of acute teeth, spaced contiguously along the margin, slightly rounded proximally: fixed chelal finger with 33–34 teeth; movable chelal finger with 46–48 teeth (nearly as large as teeth on fixed chelal finger); without accessory teeth (Fig. 15G). Femur without long tactile setae. Movable chelal finger slightly curved in lateral view (Fig. 14B and Fig. 15G).

Opisthosoma: generally typical, all setae long, acuminate and biseriate; pleural membrane longitudinally striate, without setae. Tergites I and XI undivided and others incompletely divided, tergal chaetotaxy I–XI: 10: 5–6: 5–6: 6–7: 7–9: 6–8: 7–8: 6–8: 7–8: 6–7+ (4T): 13 + (2T). All sternites (except sternite XI) divided, sternal chaetotaxy IV–XI: 5–5: 7–8: 8–9: 7–9: 8–9: 7–9: 6–7 + (4T): 10 + (4T). Anus (tergite Ⅻ and sternite Ⅻ) without raised rim. Anterior genital operculum with five or seven setae on each side, posterior margin with five setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 14E, Fig. 15H and L) well-developed: lateral apodemes (a) relatively small; the hooked branch (br) well-developed, bowed distally and terminating in a plate-like tip; the proximal part with a nearly pale sclerotised bar (c), distinctly curved; the longitudinal fold of medial diverticula (d) vestigial; the ejaculatory canal atrium (e) not well-developed, curved distally; the lateral rods (f) short and diverging proximally; the tip of dorsal apodeme (g) completely joined; the ventral diverticulum (h) bilobed; genital atrium without genital setae.

Legs (Fig. 14G–I, Fig. 15J and K): generally typical, fairly smooth, slightly stout; junction between femora and patellae I and II oblique. Femoropatella of leg Ⅳ 2.72–2.74× longer than deep; tibia 3.00–3.16× longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 3.15–3.17× longer than deep (TS = 0.15–0.16); subterminal tarsal setae arcuate and acute. Arolium slightly shorter than claws, not divided; claws smooth.

Adult females (Fig. 13B, Fig. 14F and Fig. 15I): Mostly same as the males, but a little larger and paler. Chelicera: hand with four setae; galea with six branchlets; serrula exterior with 21–23 blades, the basal one longest. Pedipalps: stout, trochanter 1.52–1.65, femur 2.33, patella 1.88–1.92, chela (with pedicel) 2.72–2.79, chela (without pedicel) 2.55–2.65, hand (without pedicel) 1.53–1.56× longer than broad, movable chelal finger 0.70–0.71× longer than hand without pedicel; fixed chelal finger with 35 teeth; movable chelal finger with 48 teeth. Opisthosoma: tergites I–III and XI undivided and others incompletely divided, tergal chaetotaxy I–XI: 12: 11: 11: 6–7:7–8: 7–7: 7–9: 7–9: 7–9: 6–7 (4T): 13 (2T). All sternites divided, sternal chaetotaxy IV–XI: 4–6: 9–8: 8–10: 7–8: 8–9: 7–9: 6–7 (4T): 11 (4T). Female genitalia: simple, spermathecae provided with separated median cribriform plates; anterior genital operculum with ten setae on each side, posterior margin with eight setae. Legs: femoropatella of leg Ⅳ 2.65–2.77× longer than deep; tibia 3.00–3.05× longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 3.07–3.42× longer than deep.

Dimensions (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males (females in parentheses): body length 3.61–3.78 (3.94–4.42). Carapace 0.85–0.89/0.79–0.81 (0.92/0.78–0.79). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.41–0.42/0.27 (0.43–0.44/0.26–0.29), femur 0.76–0.82/0.34–0.35 (0.77–0.84/0.33–0.36), patella 0.69–0.71/0.38–0.39 (0.69–0.75/0.36–0.40), chela (with pedicel) 1.32–1.34/0.50–0.51 (1.34–1.44/0.48–0.53), chela (without pedicel) 1.25–1.28 (1.27–1.35), hand (without pedicel) 0.72–0.76 (0.75–0.81), movable finger length 0.54–0.57 (0.53–0.57). Leg I: trochanter 0.15/0.14 (0.15–0.17/0.14–0.16), femur 0.26/0.17–0.20 (0.25–0.27/0.19–0.22), patella 0.42/0.19 (0.41–0.46/0.18–0.20), tibia 0.38/0.13 (0.38–0.41/0.13–0.14), tarsus 0.33/0.10 (0.32–0.34/0.09–0.10). Leg IV: trochanter 0.30–0.32/0.18–0.19 (0.31–0.34/0.15–0.18), femoropatella 0.85–0.87/0.31–0.32 (0.86–0.90/0.31–0.34), tibia 0.60/0.19–0.20 (0.58–0.63/0.19–0.21), tarsus 0.38–0.41/0.12–0.13 (0.41–0.43/0.12–0.14).

This new species is characterised by (see taxon discussion for more details): carapace with two distinct eyespots and 60–61 setae; anterior half of carapace darker than posterior half; palpal femur 2.17–2.41 (♂), 2.33 (♀), chela with pedicel 2.63–2.64 (♂), 2.72–2.79 (♀) × longer than broad, chela without pedicel 2.50–2.51 (♂), 2.55–2.65 (♀) × longer than broad; prolateral surface of femur, patella and hand granular; movable chelal finger with 46–48 teeth.

Named after the type locality, Yunnan (China).

China (Yunnan) (Fig. 16).

Paratemnoides yunnanensis sp. nov. is similar to P. sinensis, but differs by the presence of more movable chelal finger teeth (46–48 vs. 43) and slightly slender chela (♂) (chela with pedicel 2.63–2.64× vs. 2.40–2.50× longer than broad).

Paratemnoides yunnanensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. assimilis by the number of posterior margin setae on the carapace (8–9 vs. 6), the number of serrula exterior blades (23–25 vs. 21), larger body length and stouter pedipalps (e.g. body length (♀) 3.94–4.42 mm vs. max. 3.70 mm; palpal patella (♂) 1.77–1.87× vs. 2.00× longer than broad, length 0.69–0.71 mm vs. 0.77 mm); from P. borneoensis by larger body size and slender pedipalps (♀) (e.g. body length 3.94–4.42 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur length 0.77–0.84 mm vs. 0.68 mm; chela with pedicel 2.72–2.79× vs. 2.60× longer than broad); from P. curtulus by the arrangement of trichobothria (e.g. distance between est and esb nearly equal to that of ist and isb vs. shorter to that of ist and isb) and slender chela (♂) (chela with pedicel 2.63–2.64× vs. 2.19× longer than broad, length 1.32–1.34 mm vs. 1.05 mm); from P. guangdongensis sp. nov. by stouter chela (♂) (e.g. chela with pedicel 2.63–2.64× vs. 2.73× longer than broad); from P. indicus by the presence of more setae on the carapace (60–61 vs. 46), more movable chelal finger teeth (46–48 vs. 42) and larger body size (♀) (e.g. body length 3.94–4.42 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur 2.33× vs. 2.00× longer than broad, length 0.77–0.84 mm vs. 0.72 mm); from P. japonicus by the trait of eyes (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots absent), the number of serrula exterior blades (23–25 vs. 18) and larger body size (♂) (e.g. body length 3.61–3.78 mm vs. 2.97 mm); from P. laosanus by slender chela and legs (♂) (e.g. chela without pedicel 2.50–2.51× vs. 2.20–2.30× longer than broad; femoropatella of leg IV 2.72–2.74× vs. 2.60× longer than deep; tibia of leg IV 3.00–3.16× vs. 2.80× longer than deep); from P. mahnerti by the presence of more setae on the carapace (60–61 vs. 40), the number of serrula exterior blades (23–25 vs. 19) and relative position of trichobothrium st (st situated closer to sb than to t vs. midway between sb and t); from P. pallidus by slender pedipalps (♀) (e.g. chela with pedicel 2.72–2.79× vs. 2.20× longer than broad; palpal femur 2.33× vs. 2.20× longer than broad); from P. parvus sp. nov. by more movable chelal finger teeth (♂) (46–48 vs. 41–42) and relative position of trichobothria ist and est (i.e. ist situated distal to est vs. basal to est); from P. philippinus by larger body size (♂) (e.g. body length 3.61–3.78 mm vs. 3.50 mm; chela with pedicel 2.63–2.64× vs. 2.20× longer than broad); from P. plebejus by stouter pedipalps (e.g. palpal femur (♂) 2.17–2.41×, (♀) 2.33× vs. (♂) 2.11×, (♀) 2.00× longer than broad) and the trait of tergites (♀) (e.g. tergite I undivided in the new species while divided in the latter); from P. pococki by darker body colour (carapace and tergites brown vs. pale brown) and larger body size and slender pedipalps (♀) (body length 3.94–4.42 mm vs. 3.87 mm; palpal femur 2.33× vs. 2.20× longer than broad, length 0.77–0.84 mm vs. 0.62 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.53–0.57 mm vs. 0.46 mm); from P. politus sp. nov. by slender pedipalps (♂) (e.g. palpal femur 2.17–2.41× vs. 1.94–2.00× longer than broad) and relative position of trichobothria t and it (t basal to it vs. distal to it) ; from P. redikorzevi by the number of serrula exterior blades (23–25 vs. 20), larger body size and slender pedipalps (e.g. body length (♂) 3.61–3.78 mm vs. 3.00 mm; palpal femur (♀) 2.33× vs. 2.18–2.19× longer than broad, length 0.77–0.84 mm vs. 0.70–0.72 mm); from P. robustus by stouter pedipalps and legs (♂) (e.g. chela with pedicel 2.63–2.64× vs. 2.20× longer than broad; femoropatella of leg IV 2.72–2.74× vs. 2.40× longer than deep; tibia of leg IV 3.00–3.16× vs. 3.30× longer than deep); from P. salomonis by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots wanting), larger body length and the slender pedipalps (♂) (e.g. body length 3.61–3.78 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur 2.17–2.41× vs. 2.10× longer than broad, length 0.76–0.82 mm vs. 0.69 mm; chela without pedicel 2.50–2.51× vs. 2.40× longer than broad); from P. sumatranus by larger body size and slender pedipalps (e.g. body length (♂) 3.61–3.78 mm vs. 2.50 mm, (♀) 3.94–4.42 mm vs. 2.80–3.30 mm; chela with pedicel (♂) 2.63–2.64× vs. 2.80–2.90× longer than broad, movable chelal finger length 0.54–0.57 mm vs. 0.47 mm) and stouter leg IV (♂) (e.g. femoropatella 2.72–2.74× vs. 3.00×, tibia 3.00–3.16× vs. 3.60×, tarsus 3.15–3.17× vs. 4.50× longer than deep); from P. trisulcus sp. nov. by stouter chela (♂) (e.g. chela with pedicel 2.63–2.64× vs. 2.83× longer than broad) and relative position of trichobothria t and it (t distal to it vs. basal to it) (With 1906, With 1907, Beier 1932, Beier 1935a, Beier 1935b, Redikorzev 1938, Beier 1951, Morikawa 1953, Sivaraman 1980, Sivaraman 1981, Mathew and Joseph 2019).