Checklist for the insect fauna of two East Sea Islands (Ulleungdo Is. and Dokdo Is.) in the Republic of Korea

Dong-Yeol Lee; Ilyeong Jeong; Seonmin Kim; Jae Won Choi; Min Hyeok Won; Donguk Kim; Dongmin Kim; Young-Kun Kim; Jiseung Jeon; Jihun Ryu; WooJun Bang; Jun Hyuk Chang; Kwang Shik Choi

doi:10.3897/BDJ.12.e129360

Biodiversity Data Journal : Taxonomy & Inventories

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Taxonomy & Inventories

Checklist for the insect fauna of two East Sea Islands (Ulleungdo Is. and Dokdo Is.) in the Republic of Korea

Dong-Yeol Lee^‡,§, Ilyeong Jeong^‡, Seonmin Kim^‡, Jae Won Choi^|, Min Hyeok Won^¶, Donguk Kim^‡,§,#, Dongmin Kim^¤, Young-Kun Kim^«, Jiseung Jeon^‡,§,#, Jihun Ryu^‡,§,#, WooJun Bang^», Jun Hyuk Chang^‡,§,#, Kwang Shik Choi^‡,§,#,˄

‡ Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

§ Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleungdo Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

| National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea

¶ Wetland Research Team, Wetland Center, National Institute of Ecology, Changnyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea

# School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

¤ Department of Applied Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

« School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

» School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

˄ Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

Corresponding author: Kwang Shik Choi (ksc@knu.ac.kr)

Academic editor: Fedor Konstantinov

Received: 10 Jun 2024 | Accepted: 09 Dec 2024 | Published: 19 Dec 2024

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Lee D-Y, Jeong I, Kim S, Choi JW, Won MH, Kim D, Kim D, Kim Y-K, Jeon J, Ryu J, Bang W, Chang JH, Choi KS (2024) Checklist for the insect fauna of two East Sea Islands (Ulleungdo Is. and Dokdo Is.) in the Republic of Korea. Biodiversity Data Journal 12: e129360. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e129360

Abstract

Background

Ulleungdo and Dokdo, located in the East Sea, are volcanic islands with high ecological value due to their unique biodiversity. Although research on the insect fauna on these two Islands has been conducted from the early 19^th century to recent times, limitations exist due to several issues, including misidentifications and historical errors. This study addresses these issues by conducting a comprehensive insect survey from 2020 to 2023, re-identifying misidentified specimens and compiling references to create an updated and accurate checklist of insect species for Ulleungdo and Dokdo.

New information

The checklists include 20 orders, 227 families and 1694 species, including 28 previously unrecorded species for Ulleungdo Island: Neoitamus cothurnatus univittatus (Loew, 1871), Elachiptera insignis (Thomson, 1869), Elachiptera sibirica (Loew, 1858), Muscina levida (Harris, 1780), Orchisia costata (Meigen, 1826), Ensina sonchi (Linnaeus, 1767), Armigeres subalbatus (Coquillett, 1898), Aedes koreicus (Edwards, 1917), Aedes galloisi Yamada, 1921, Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894), Aedes togoi (Theobald, 1907), Stenolophus difficilis (Hope, 1845), Dasytes vulgaris Nakane, 1963, Attalus elongatulus Lewis, 1895, Elacatis kraatzi Reitter, 1879, Polygraphus jezoensis Niisima, 1909, Scolytoplatypus tycon Blandford, 1893, Ambrosiophilus atratus (Eichhoff, 1876), Psilarthroides czerskyi (Zaslavskij, 1956), Tomoxia nipponica Kôno, 1928, Adelphocoris demissus Horvath, 1905, Corythucha marmorata (Uhler, 1878), Spilarctia seriatopunctata suzukii Inoue & Maenami, 1963, Hypopyra vespertilio (Fabricius, 1787), Simplicia rectalis (Eversmann, 1842), Acronicta hercules (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874), Analetia postica (Hampson, 1905) and Eudemis brevisetosa Oku, 2005; 10 orders, 80 families and 201 species, including three unrecorded species for Dokdo Island: Arhopaloscelis bifasciata (Kraatz, 1879), Nabis stenoferus Hsiao, 1964 and Haplogonatopus oratorius (Westwood, 1833).

Keywords

Ulleungdo Island, Dokdo Island, East Sea, insect fauna, species diversity

Introduction

Islands are highly valuable biological repositories, with their ecological and evolutionary significance, occupying a pivotal position in the biological understanding of biodiversity and species differentiation (Whittaker et al. 2017). The isolation and unique evolutionary paths of species inhabiting islands lead to high endemism, making islands ecologically and genetically critical hotspots (Adsersen 1995, Eliasson 1995). However, the ecosystems of isolated islands often lack certain major biotic groups compared to continental ecosystems, making them susceptible to external threats such as invasive species (Vitousek 1988). Further, they also tend to have lower biodiversity due to limited area (Mauchamp 2002, Koh and Kil 2006). Moreover, recent advancements in accessibility to islands have reduced their ecological isolation, leading to a degradation in the interplay between evolutionary and ecological dynamics that support island biodiversity (Causton et al. 2006, Chi et al. 2021). Additionally, island ecosystems are currently confronted with multiple threats, including deforestation, resource depletion and global climate change (Kueffer 2010, Bellard et al. 2014, van Kleunen et al. 2015). Therefore, to accurately recognise and respond to these changes in island biodiversity caused by these factors, it is essential to monitor island biodiversity, meticulously assessing the risks of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation (Ricketts et al. 2005, Caujapé-Castells et al. 2010). For these reasons, the importance of monitoring island ecosystems is increasingly recognised. Continuous and comprehensive monitoring is essential for understanding the rate and patterns of these ecological changes and can provide crucial information for developing conservation strategies and mitigation measures (Borges et al. 2018).

Ulleungdo and Dokdo, located in the East Sea and formed between 2.5 million and 4.6 million years ago through marine volcanic eruptions, serve as prime examples of the dynamic beauty and ecological significance of oceanic islands (Sohn and Park 1994, Jeon 2005). These Islands were formed by solidifying lava from the seafloor and have never been connected to the mainland, not even during the last maximum glaciation period (LGM) that occurred between 18,000 and 25,000 years ago (Lee and Nam 2003). This isolation has provided a crucial cornerstone for the evolution of species, cultivating a unique ecosystem that has intrigued scientists for decades (Sun et al. 1996, Weigelt et al. 2016).

Ulleungdo, located about 130 km east of mainland Korea, is a volcanic island covering an area of approximately 73 km², featuring the main island with Seonginbong Peak rising to 985 m and several smaller islets (Yoon et al. 2013). A significant portion of the island's forests is designated and managed as a forest genetic resource reserve by the Korea Forest Service, ensuring their protection and preservation (Lee et al. 2007). Additionally, Ulleungdo is geographically located at the confluence of warm and cold ocean currents, exhibiting unique vegetation structures and biogeographical characteristics. Thus, it is recognised as an ecologically significant area, with 31 out of 494 native vascular plant species being endemic, representing a flora endemism rate of 7.9% (Kim et al. 1996, Lee 2008, Andersen 2019, Chung et al. 2020).

In contrast, Dokdo is 216.8 km from the Korean mainland, 87.4 km from Ulleungdo and 157.6 km from Oki Island. Further, it is a volcanic island of a relatively smaller area (187,554 m²) than Ulleungdo Island, comprising two main islands, Dongdo and Seodo, along with 89 smaller islets and rocks (Hwang and Park 2007). Dokdo possesses a highly vulnerable ground environment characterised by severe soil erosion and loss due to strong winds and high precipitation. It also experiences minimal plant settlement and vegetation development due to excessive exposure to direct sunlight, physical disturbance by wind and exposure to high-salt sea breezes (Yu and Song 2006). Due to these characteristics, the growth environment on Dokdo is significantly poorer compared to typical terrestrial environments, making recovery following damage difficult (Park 2014). Therefore, since 1982, the Cultural Heritage Administration of the Republic of Korea has designated Dokdo as a natural monument (No. 336; Article 25) and implemented strict access restrictions to conserve its biodiversity and ecosystem. Thus, the natural resources of Dokdo are preserved from anthropogenic damage due to its geographical location and limited accessibility (Hwang 2023).

Investigations on the insect fauna of Ulleungdo were first conducted by Cho (1929), who documented four families and 16 species of Lepidoptera. Subsequent comprehensive faunistic surveys expanded the knowledge of various taxonomic groups, reporting 10 orders, 58 families and 116 species in 1955 (Cho 1955), 62 families and 137 species in 1965 (Cho 1965), 95 families and 345 species in 1971 (Kim 1971), 125 families and 574 species in 1981 (Lee and Kwon 1981), 131 families and 614 species in 1993 (ME 1993), 141 families and 691 species in 1996 (Kwon et al. 1996), 154 families and 828 species in 2001 (Lee and Jung 2001), 153 families and 819 species in 2006 (Lee et al. 2006), 81 families and 242 species in 2012 (Lim and Lee 2012) and 179 families and 1177 species in 2013 (Lim et al. 2013). In addition, several surveys of specific areas or insect taxa were conducted (Masaki 1934, Seok 1938, Park and Kano 1963, Park et al. 1979, Choi 1986, Byun et al. 1996, Kim 1999, Oh et al. 2013, Park et al. 2014, Nam et al. 2018, Choi et al. 2022, Won et al. 2023).

Since the initial insect survey conducted by Jolivet (1974), the Korean government has periodically monitored Dokdo for various complex reasons, including geopolitical factors. Over approximately 50 years, from 1978 to 2023, many entomologists and national institutions have been mobilised to survey the insect fauna of Dokdo. These extensive research studies have documented a total of 195 species of insects across 74 families and 10 orders (Yoon 1978, Lee and Kwon 1981, An 2000, Lee and Jung 2001, Kim 2004, Park and Suh 2005, Kim and Yeom 2006, An 2008, Lee et al. 2009, Park et al. 2010, Park et al. 2011, Park et al. 2012, Bae 2013, Park et al. 2013, Choi 2015, Park and Jang 2016, Lee 2016, Park et al. 2017, Choi 2017, Hwang et al. 2017, Choi 2018, Ryu et al. 2021, Bang et al. 2022).

The entomological surveys conducted on Ulleungdo and Dokdo to date have established an overall base for understanding the insect fauna of these islands. However, there are limits that require improvement, including taxonomic errors, reference errors and numerous unidentified specimens. In addition, the most recent insect survey conducted on Ulleungdo by Won et al. (2023) was only conducted on a specific area, so there is a limit to showing overall insect diversity. Therefore, this study aims to update the insect database of the two islands by conducting field surveys on Ulleungdo and Dokdo from 2020 to 2023, correcting taxonomic and recording errors and re-identifying existing misidentified samples and historical compilation of vast literature sources.

Materials and methods

Sample collection

In previous studies, consistent and intensive sampling using a variety of collection methods across different areas of Ulleungdo had not been conducted. Therefore, in this study, we selected three main areas in Ulleungdo with high ecological value —Seonginbong (37°29'52"N, 130°52'03"E), Taeharyeong (37°29'47"N, 130°50'06"E) and Nari Basin (37°30'55"N, 130°51'35"E) — and identified 15 specific sampling sites within these areas, based on observed ecological variation, such as changes in vegetation and altitude (Fig. 1).

Figure 1.

Geographical map of Ulleungdo and Dokdo islands with insets showing collection sites. Insets provide a detailed view of Ulleungdo with Seonginbong, Taeharyeong and Nari Basin, as well as the two main islands (Dongdo and Seodo) of Dokdo. Yellow points are the collection sites established at Ulleungdo and red points are those established at Dokdo.

Pitfall traps and molasses traps were set up at all 15 sites. For each pitfall trap, we used a plastic cup (9.5 cm in diameter, 14 cm in height) that was buried level with the ground and filled with an attractant. Three types of attractants — molasses, pork and small octopus — were used, with the molasses being the same as that used in the molasses traps. At each site, four traps per attractant type were installed, totalling 60 traps across the 15 sites and these were left in place for 48 hours. For light traps, we selected three sites with significant ecological variation amongst the 15 sampling sites. Using a portable generator, we set up a mercury lamp emitting ultraviolet light and conducted collection after sunset, allowing 30 minutes per site. Sweeping was conducted using an insect net (pole length: 2.5 m; net diameter: 50 cm; net length: 110 cm). We performed continuous sampling not only at the 15 designated sites, but also along the routes between sites. Collected specimens were temporarily stored in conical tubes using an insect aspirator. In addition, to investigate previously unexplored areas near human settlements, we deployed BG-sentinel traps (Biogents, Regensburg, Germany) and black light traps (BioTrap, Seoul, ROK) around residential areas. These traps were set up for a period of five days to collect specimens from areas that had not been sampled in previous studies. Conversely, due to the terrain’s specificity and conservation concerns on Dokdo, 10 sites were selected at each collection area (Dongdo and Seodo), where only sweeping nets were used for collection. Detailed information on the altitude, coordinates and collection methods used at each sampling site is provided in Tables 1, 2.

Table 1.

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2020-2023 Sampling sites and metadata for insect collection on Ulleungdo, Republic of Korea.

Sampling Site	island	country	stateProvince	county	locality	altitude	latitude, longitude	sampling method
Nari Basin 1	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon	345.36m	37°31'28"N, 130°51'17"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Nari Basin 2	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon	369.75m	37°31'22"N, 130°51'14"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Nari Basin 3	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon	392.05m	37°31'17"N, 130°51'14"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Nari Basin 4	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon	405.86m	37°31'11"N, 130°51'13"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Nari Basin 5	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon	453.28m	37°30'59"N, 130°51'15"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Nari Basin 6	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon	450.63m	37°30'51"N, 130°51'18"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Nari Basin 7	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon	443.92m	37°30'42"N, 130°51'24"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Nari Basin 8	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon	448.86m	37°30'40"N, 130°51'45"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Nari Basin 9	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon	440.6m	37°30'49"N, 130°51'51"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Nari Basin 10	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon	417.12m	37°30'55"N, 130°51'57"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Nari Basin 11	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon	398.08m	37°30'58"N, 130°52'03"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Nari Basin 12	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon	377.31m	37°31'04"N, 130°52'10"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Nari Basin 13	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon	366.69m	37°31'11"N, 130°52'04"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Nari Basin 14	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon	392.41m	37°31'12"N, 130°51'55"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Nari basin 15	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon	351.08m	37°31'21"N, 130°51'39"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Seonginbong 1	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	268.05m	37°29'15"N, 130°53'35"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Seonginbong 2	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	314.72m	37°29'20"N, 130°53'33"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Seonginbong 3	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	378.62m	37°29'20"N, 130°53'28"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Seonginbong 4	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	424.49m	37°29'22"N, 130°53'26"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Seonginbong 5	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	462.46m	37°29'25"N, 130°53'23"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Seonginbong 6	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	503.46m	37°29'27"N, 130°53'18"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Seonginbong 7	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	556.48m	37°29'28"N, 130°53'12"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Seonginbong 8	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	600.74m	37°29'26"N, 130°53'08"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Seonginbong 9	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	653.06m	37°29'27"N, 130°53'04"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Seonginbong 10	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	721.38m	37°29'36"N, 130°52'45"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Seonginbong 11	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	773.72m	37°29'37"N, 130°52'38"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Seonginbong 12	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	846.15m	37°29'44"N, 130°52'18"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Seonginbong 13	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	878.95m	37°29'47"N, 130°52'12"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Seonginbong 14	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	911.02m	37°29'46"N, 130°52'02"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Seonginbong 15	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	935.4m	37°29'41"N, 130°51'54"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Taeharyeong 1	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon	121.98m	37°30'26"N, 130°49'03"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Taeharyeong 2	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon	164.99m	37°30'21"N, 130°49'05"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Taeharyeong 3	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon	185.36m	37°30'14"N, 130°49'11"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Taeharyeong 4	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon	213.06m	37°30'08"N, 130°49'10"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Taeharyeong 5	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon	225.53m	37°30'06"N, 130°49'16"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Taeharyeong 6	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon	258.14m	37°30'02"N, 130°49'18"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Taeharyeong 7	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon	307.18m	37°29'58"N, 130°49'25"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Taeharyeong 8	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon	291.64m	37°29'55"N, 130°49'23"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Taeharyeong 9	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon	322.8m	37°29'53"N, 130°49'27"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Taeharyeong 10	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon	348.2m	37°29'48"N, 130°49'28"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Taeharyeong 11	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon	371.73m	37°29'45"N, 130°49'36"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Taeharyeong 12	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon	377.34m	37°29'43"N, 130°49'33"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Taeharyeong 13	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon	397.75m	37°29'41"N, 130°49'36"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Taeharyeong 14	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon	419.1m	37°29'39"N, 130°49'40"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Taeharyeong 15	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon	445.65m	37°29'35"N, 130°49'39"E	Pit-fall trap; Molasses trap; Light trap; Sweeping
Dodong 1	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	196-1, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	43.99m	37°29'04"N, 130°54'18"E	BGsentinel trap (Biogents, Regensburg, Germany); Black-light trap
Dodong 2	Ulleungdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	196-2, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup	16.86m	37°28'56"N, 130°54'33"E	BGsentinel trap (Biogents, Regensburg, Germany); Black-light trap

Table 2.

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2020-2023 Sampling sites and metadata for insect collection on Dokdo, Republic of Korea.

Sampling Site	island	country	stateProvince	county	locality	altitude	latitude, longitude	sampling method
Dongdo 1	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Dongdo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	10.55m	37°14'21"N, 131°52'06"E	Sweeping
Dongdo 2	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Dongdo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	11.44m	37°14'21"N, 131°52'06"E	Sweeping
Dongdo 3	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Dongdo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	14.84m	37°14'21"N, 131°52'07"E	Sweeping
Dongdo 4	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Dongdo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	16.92m	37°14'21"N, 131°52'08"E	Sweeping
Dongdo 5	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Dongdo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	18.77m	37°14'21"N, 131°52'09"E	Sweeping
Dongdo 6	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Dongdo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	22.96m	37°14'22"N, 131°52'10"E	Sweeping
Dongdo 7	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Dongdo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	25.18m	37°14'22"N, 131°52'10"E	Sweeping
Dongdo 8	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Dongdo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	25m	37°14'23"N, 131°52'11"E	Sweeping
Dongdo 9	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Dongdo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	25.94m	37°14'24"N, 131°52'13"E	Sweeping
Dongdo 10	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Dongdo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	15.64m	37°14'25"N, 131°52'13"E	Sweeping
Seodo 1	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seodo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	22.4m	37°14'27"N, 131°51'55"E	Sweeping
Seodo 2	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seodo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	21.56m	37°14'26"N, 131°51'54"E	Sweeping
Seodo 3	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seodo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	25.31m	37°14'27"N, 131°51'53"E	Sweeping
Seodo 4	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seodo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	35.8m	37°14'28"N, 131°51'52"E	Sweeping
Seodo 5	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seodo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	25.11m	37°14'28"N, 131°51'50"E	Sweeping
Seodo 6	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seodo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	23.86m	37°14'30"N, 131°51'50"E	Sweeping
Seodo 7	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seodo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	20.95m	37°14'31"N, 131°51'50"E	Sweeping
Seodo 8	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seodo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	16.87m	37°14'31"N, 131°51'49"E	Sweeping
Seodo 9	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seodo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	17m	37°14'30"N, 131°51'49"E	Sweeping
Seodo 10	Dokdo Island	Republic of Korea	Gyeongsangbuk-do	Ulleung-gun	Seodo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup	12.19m	37°14'31"N, 131°51'48"E	Sweeping

Data collection

For the creation of a species checklist, only species-level data were included through a historical compilation. This comprehensive review covered not only faunistic studies from the early 20^th century to the present, but also extensive literature on the Insecta of Ulleungdo and Dokdo (Masaki 1936, Lee 1987, Lyu 2008, Kim et al. 2009, Bae 2010, Bae 2011, Hong et al. 2011, Kim 2011, Park 2011, Schöller 2011, Choi 2012, Hong et al. 2012, Jung 2012a, Jung 2012b, Kim 2012, Lee and Ahn 2012, Cho and Lee 2012, Lee et al. 2012, Park et al. 2012, Bae 2013, Kim and Kim 2013, Park 2013, Yoo et al. 2013, Kang et al. 2013, Bae 2014, Choi 2014, Cho 2014, Han et al. 2014, Kim and Kim 2014, Lee 2014, Park et al. 2014, Lee et al. 2017, Lee et al. 2018, Jung 2018, Lee and Ahn 2018, Lee and Ahn 2019, Cho 2019, Lee et al. 2019, Lee and Choi 2019, Suh 2019, Kwon and Kwon 2020, Kwon et al. 2020, Roca-Cusachs and Jung 2020, NIBR 2021, Sohn et al. 2021, Ryu and Choi 2022, HNIBR 2022, Hwang 2023, Lee et al. 2023, Kim et al. 2023). Additionally, occurrence records and specimen data were utilised alongside data from national institutions of Korea (HNIBR: Honam National Institute of Biological Resources; Info: Korea National Arboretum; ME: Korean Ministry of Environment; NIBR: National Institute of Biological Resources; NSMK: National Science Museum of Korea) previously published in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (Kwon 2021, Kwon 2022, Info and Park 2023, Info 2023, NSMK 2023b, NSMK 2023a, Choi 2023). Additionally, insect specimens collected from 2014 to 2019 from Ulleungdo and Dokdo and stored at Kyungpook National University (KNU) were identified or re-examined to create the checklist.

Insect Checklist of Ulleungdo Island

Order Blattodea

Family Blattidae

Periplaneta fuliginosa Serville, 1839

Notes:

Cho (1955), Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Periplaneta japonica Karny, 1908

Notes:

Lee and Jung (2001)

Family Ectobiidae

Blattella germanica (Linnaeus, 1767)

Notes:

Cho (1955), Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Lim and Lee (2012)

Blattella nipponica Asahina, 1963

Notes:

ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Lim et al. (2013), Nam et al. (2018), Won et al. (2023)

Episymploce brevipes (Walker, 1871)

Notes:

Family Anthribidae

Araecerus tarsalis Sharp, 1891

Notes:

Park et al. (2012)

Opanthribus tessellatus (Boheman, 1829)

Notes:

Lim and Lee (2012), HNIBR (2022)

Platystomos sellatus subsp. longicrus Park, Hong, Woo & Kwon, 2001

Notes:

Info (2023)

Tropideres naevulus Faust, 1887

Notes:

Park et al. (2012)

Family Attelabidae

Apoderus coryli (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes:

Cho (1955), Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Apoderus jekelii (Roelofs, 1874)

Notes:

Cho (1955), Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Aspidobyctiscus lacunipennis (Jekel, 1860)

Notes:

Won et al. (2023)

Byctiscus congener (Jekel, 1860)

Notes:

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
6/11/2021
; sex:
1 male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
57F09465-ED9D-50F6-9805-6CE529A900C9

Notes:

Lim et al. (2013)

Family Cicindelidae

Cicindela chinensis De Geer, 1774

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Cylindera elisae (Motschulsky, 1859)

Notes:

Notes:

Lim and Lee (2012), Oh et al. (2013), HNIBR (2022)

Family Curculionidae

Ambrosiophilus atratus (Eichhoff, 1876)

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup
; minimumElevationInMeters:
300
; maximumElevationInMeters:
500
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
28-08-2020
; sex:
1 male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
33D97097-1562-57FE-8390-5C74CD46598A

Orochlesis takaosanus Kôno, 1932

Notes:

Hong et al. (2011)

Pellobaris melancholica (Roelofs, 1875)

Notes:

Hong et al. (2011)

Polygraphus jezoensis Niisima, 1909

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup
; minimumElevationInMeters:
300
; maximumElevationInMeters:
500
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
7/7/2020
; sex:
1 male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
00A10C1D-F6BE-5E74-8040-31558F724E99

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Distribution: Korea (Park 2018), Japan, Russia (Nobuchi 1979)

Pseudoedophrys hilleri (Faust, 1889)

Notes:

Lim et al. (2013), Han et al. (2014), Won et al. (2023)

Psilarthroides czerskyi (Zaslavskij, 1956)

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
8/17/2021
; sex:
1 female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
89481697-EB92-569C-B19A-C2151273226F

Notes:

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup
; minimumElevationInMeters:
300
; maximumElevationInMeters:
500
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
8/28/2020
; sex:
1 male, 2 female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
F5978829-78B1-5B5E-8C00-F3D1D5378625

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Distribution: China, Korea, Japan, Russia, Taiwan (Nobuchi 1967)

Sitona lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes:

Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Xenomimetes destructor Wollaston, 1873

Notes:

Hong et al. (2012)

Xyleborinus saxeseni Reitter, 1913

Notes:

Nam et al. (2018)

Family Dermestidae

Dermestes tessellatocollis subsp. tessellatocollis Motschulsky, 1860

Notes:

Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Ancylopus pictus subsp. asiaticus (Strohecker, 1972)

Notes:

Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Lim et al. (2013), Nam et al. (2018), HNIBR (2022), Won et al. (2023)

Family Erotylidae

Anadastus atriceps (Crotch, 1873)

Notes:

Lim et al. (2013), Nam et al. (2018)

Anadastus filiformis (Fabricius, 1801)

Notes:

Lim et al. (2013)

Anadastus menetriesii (Motschulsky, 1860)

Notes:

Cho (1955), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Notes:

Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Family Leiodidae

Pseudcolenis hilleri Reitter, 1884

Notes:

Kwon (2022)

Sciodrepoides fumatus (Spence, 1815)

Notes:

Attalus elongatulus Lewis, 1895

Materials Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
6/11/2021
; sex:
2 male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
E5FC118C-0DDD-5226-8222-617E04594E32
island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup
; minimumElevationInMeters:
300
; maximumElevationInMeters:
500
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
7/7/2020
; sex:
1male, 1 female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
2449CC06-DABE-5237-BB74-7DFB4F0CF753

Notes:

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
6/11/2021
; sex:
1 male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
1CF2066B-5B0F-5D50-80B9-8F5287A45D87

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Distribution: Korea (National Institute of Biological Resources 2019), Japan (Nakane 1963)

Family Mordellidae

Falsomordellistena auromaculata (Kôno, 1928)

Notes:

Kim (1971), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Falsomordellistena hananoi (Nomura, 1951)

Notes:

Kim (1971), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Tomoxia nipponica Kôno, 1928

Materials Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup
; minimumElevationInMeters:
500
; maximumElevationInMeters:
700
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
7/28/2020
; sex:
1 female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
250C99DC-0C81-5ACF-9657-3E06773A7B2D
island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
8/20/2021
; sex:
1 female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
57D8206B-A0FA-558D-AAA2-99ECC9276EF5

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Nacerdes luteipennis (Marseul, 1877)

Notes:

Kim (1971), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Nacerdes melanura (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes:

Oh et al. (2013), HNIBR (2022)

Family Pyrochroidae

Pseudopyrochroa laticollis (Lewis, 1887)

Notes:

Byun et al. (1996), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Schizotus fuscicollis (Mannerheim, 1852)

Notes:

Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Family Salpingidae

Elacatis kraatzi Reitter, 1879

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Seonginbong, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
6/5/2020
; sex:
1 male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
47C7E282-F04F-5F91-990C-FCEA7A2586CA

Notes:

It was previously misidentified as Salpingus sp. by Won et al. (2023). This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Distribution: Korea, Japan, Russia (Kim 2018)

Salpingus depressifrons Nikitsky and Belov, 1983

Notes:

Notes:

Won et al. (2023)

Family Silvanidae

Psammoecus triguttatus Reitter, 1874

Notes:

Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Uleiota arboreus (Reitter, 1889)

Notes:

Notes:

Info (2023)

Thanatophilus sinuatus (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes:

Leperina squamulosa (Gebler, 1830)

Notes:

Nam et al. (2018)

Tenebroides mauritanicus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes:

Nam et al. (2018)

Thymalus parviceps Lewis, 1894

Notes:

Euborellia annulipes (Lucas, 1847)

Notes:

Nam et al. (2018)

Family Forficulidae

Anechura harmandi (Burr, 1904)

Notes:

Lee and Jung (2001)

Anechura japonica (De Bormans, 1880)

Notes:

Cho (1955), Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Lim and Lee (2012), Lim et al. (2013), Nam et al. (2018), HNIBR (2022), Won et al. (2023)

Forficula scudderii De Bormans, 1880

Notes:

Lee and Jung (2001)

Family Labiduridae

Labidura riparia subsp. japonica (De Haan, 1842)

Notes:

Lee and Jung (2001), Lim and Lee (2012), HNIBR (2022)

Order Diptera

Family Anisopodidae

Sylvicola japonicus (Matsumura, 1915)

Notes:

Family Bibionidae

Bibio holomaurus Hardy & Takahashi, 1960

Notes:

Kwon (2022)

Bibio tenebrosus Coquillett, 1898

Notes:

Won et al. (2023)

Family Bombyliidae

Bombylius major Linnaeus, 1758

Notes:

Lim and Lee (2012)

Villa limbata (Coquillett, 1898)

Notes:

Elachiptera insignis (Thomson, 1869)

Materials Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
8/18/2021
; sex:
1 male, 2 female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
1E40F52B-D910-5A21-A44E-2FD5B3FEEAA2
island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
8/17/2021
; sex:
1 female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
353DEFDE-3E2F-52DF-B91F-AED98B0B7295

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Distribution: China, Japan, Korea, Russia, Taiwan (Liu et al. 2017)

Elachiptera sibirica (Loew, 1858)

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
8/18/2021
; sex:
1 female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
1A829F8B-D867-53E6-9791-A30ED0C85570

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine (Liu et al. 2017)

Family Coelopidae

Coelopa frigida (Fabricius, 1805)

Notes:

Won et al. (2023)

Family Culicidae

Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894)

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
6/19/2021
; sex:
1 male, 1 female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
1D6C3A54-E089-57E0-BEE1-7EAB0A290065

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Distribution: Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czechia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, France, French Polynesia, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guam, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Laos, Lebanon, Macau, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Myanmar, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Romania, Russia, Samoa, San Marino, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkiye, Tuvalu, USA, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam (Rattanarithikul et al. 2010)

Aedes galloisi Yamada, 1921

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island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Nari basin, Nari-ri, Bukmyeon
; samplingProtocol:
black light traps (BioTrap, Seoul, ROK)
; eventDate:
8/15/2023
; sex:
1 female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
ADEEC2E8-ADBE-5B42-9A54-70F760CA896B

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Distribution: China, Japan, Russia, Korea (Mogi et al. 1981)

Aedes koreicus (Edwards, 1917)

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
196-1, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup
; samplingProtocol:
BG-sentinel trap (Biogents, Regensburg, Germany)
; eventDate:
8/18/2019
; sex:
1 male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
9774B865-019E-50EA-9CD5-45E479646775

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Distribution: Belgium, China, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Russia (Rattanarithikul et al. 2010)

Aedes togoi (Theobald, 1907)

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island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
196-1, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup
; samplingProtocol:
BG-sentinel trap (Biogents, Regensburg, Germany)
; eventDate:
9/30/2019
; sex:
1 male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
D64250A3-1077-5410-997E-6DB66271DAEF

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Distribution: Cambodia, Canada, China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Russia, Taiwan, Thailand, USA, Vietnam (Rattanarithikul et al. 2010)

Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann, 1828

Notes:

Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Armigeres subalbatus (Coquillett, 1898)

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
196-1, Dodong-ri, Ulleungeup
; samplingProtocol:
BG-sentinel trap (Biogents, Regensburg, Germany)
; eventDate:
9/30/2019
; sex:
1 male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
8BABFA3C-DB2D-5DA7-B385-02E093D68AE7

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Distribution: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam (Rattanarithikul et al. 2010)

Culex orientalis Edwards, 1921

Notes:

Lee and Jung (2001)

Culex pipiens f. molestus Forskal, 1775

Notes:

Ryu and Choi (2022)

Culex whitmorei (Giles, 1904)

Notes:

Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Family Dolichopodidae

Condylostylus nebulosus (Matsumura, 1916)

Notes:

HNIBR (2022), Won et al. (2023)

Dolichopus nitidus Fallén, 1823

Notes:

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Family Empididae

Empis latro Frey, 1953

Notes:

Nam et al. (2018)

Empis stercorea Linnaeus, 1761

Notes:

Nam et al. (2018)

Family Fanniidae

Fannia canicularis (Linnaeus, 1761)

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Muscina levida (Harris, 1780)

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon
; samplingProtocol:
Pitfall trap (octopus)
; eventDate:
8/19/2021
; sex:
2 female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
6738E170-FF68-5D68-B437-F28673FEEE73

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Distribution: Holarctic (Vikhrev and Esin 2023)

Notes:

Kwon (2022)

Rivellia alini Enderlein, 1937

Notes:

Lee and Jung (2001), Lim et al. (2013), Won et al. (2023)

Rivellia apicalis Hendel, 1934

Notes:

Lee and Jung (2001)

Rivellia flaviventris Hendel, 1914

Notes:

Kwon (2022)

Notes:

Park and Kano (1963)

Family Scathophagidae

Scathophaga mellipes Coquillett, 1898

Notes:

Won et al. (2023)

Notes:

Nam et al. (2018)

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
6/19/2021
; sex:
4 male, 1 female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
0DCE82C7-BB81-58DB-AE6C-5FC61B53CD08

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Distribution: Palaearctic (GBIF.org 2023a)

Hemilea infuscata Hering, 1937

Notes:

Lim and Lee (2012), Lim et al. (2013)

Trupanea amoena (Frauenfeld, 1857)

Notes:

Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Trupanea convergens (Hering, 1936)

Notes:

Notes:

HNIBR (2022), Kwon (2022)

Order Ephemeroptera

Ephemera orientalis McLachlan, 1875

Notes:

Kwon (2021)

Ephemera strigata Eaton, 1892

Notes:

Choroterpes altioculus Kluge, 1984

Notes:

Kwon (2021)

Paraleptophlebia japonica (Matsumura, 1931)

Notes:

Aphrophora alni (Fallén, 1805)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Lim et al. (2013)

Obiphora intermedia (Uhler, 1896)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Won et al. (2023)

Petaphora maritima (Matsumura, 1903)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Family Calophyidae

Calophya nigra Kuwayama, 1908

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Lee and Jung (2001)

Calophya shinjii Sasaki, 1954

Notes:

Meimuna mongolica (Distant, 1881)

Notes:

Cho (1955), Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Meimuna opalifera (Walker, 1850)

Notes:

Cho (1955), Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Lim et al. (2013), HNIBR (2022), Won et al. (2023)

Notes:

Nysius plebeius Distant, 1883

Notes:

Kim (1971), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Lim and Lee (2012), HNIBR (2022), Won et al. (2023)

Pylorgus colon (Thunberg, 1784)

Notes:

ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Pylorgus ishiharai Hidaka & Izzard, 1960

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Tropidothorax cruciger (Motschulsky, 1859)

Notes:

Cho (1955), Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Lim et al. (2013)

Family Malcidae

Chauliops fallax Scott, 1874

Notes:

ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Family Miridae

Adelphocoris demissus Horváth, 1905

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
8/19/2021
; sex:
1 male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
84BB96EC-B0CE-551A-BAA8-73F7BDB6A43A

Notes:

Notes:

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Megacopta punctatissima (Montandon, 1894)

Notes:

Notes:

NSMK (2023b)

Haematoloecha rufithorax (Breddin, 1903)

Notes:

Lim and Lee (2012), HNIBR (2022)

Sphedanolestes impressicollis (Stål, 1861)

Notes:

Lee and Jung (2001)

Velinus nodipes (Uhler, 1860)

Notes:

Family Ricaniidae

Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977)

Notes:

Kwon (2022)

Ricania simulans (Walker, 1851)

Notes:

Kim (1971), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Lim et al. (2013), HNIBR (2022), Won et al. (2023)

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon
; samplingProtocol:
Sweeping net
; eventDate:
8/19/2021
; sex:
1 male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
5E841167-E3D2-5B73-A258-4B5808F9918D

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Distribution: Canada, China, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Korea, Mexico, USA (Li et al. 2024)

Galeatus spinifrons (Fallén, 1807)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Physatocheila fieberi (Scott, 1874)

Notes:

Won et al. (2023)

Stephanitis fasciicarina Takeya, 1931

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott, 1874)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Family Triozidae

Heterotrioza chenopodii (Reuter, 1876)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Trichochermes rhamnisugus (Li, 1994)

Notes:

Andrena tsukubana Hirashima, 1957

Notes:

Nam et al. (2018)

Panurginus crawfordi Cockerell, 1914

Notes:

Notes:

Kim (1971), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Brachymeria lasus (Walker, 1841)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Notes:

Notes:

Kim (1971), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Family Eupelmidae

Anastatus japonicus Ashmead, 1904

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Mesocomys albitarsis (Ashmead, 1904)

Notes:

Kim (1971), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Seladonia aeraria (Smith, 1873)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Sphecodes simillimus Smith, 1873

Notes:

Notes:

HNIBR (2022)

Family Megachilidae

Coelioxys fenestratus Smith, 1873

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Megachile lapponica Thomson, 1872

Lee and Jung (2001)

Priocnemis irritabilis Smith, 1873

Notes:

Kim (1971), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), HNIBR (2022)

Family Pteromalidae

Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836)

Notes:

Nam et al. (2018)

Notes:

Kim (1971)

Sceliphron deforme subsp. atripes (Morawitz, 1888)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Family Tenthredinidae

Athalia kashmirensis Benson, 1932

Notes:

Lim et al. (2013)

Athalia proxima (Klug, 1815)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Athalia rosae subsp. ruficornis JakovLev, 1888

Notes:

Kim (1971), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Lim and Lee (2012), Lim et al. (2013), HNIBR (2022)

Notes:

Lim et al. (2013)

Order Lepidoptera

Acria ceramitis Meyrick, 1908

Notes:

Notes:

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon
; samplingProtocol:
Light trap
; eventDate:
8/17/2021
; sex:
1 male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
DAF39A97-3029-5E47-81AC-E5EFED5FB97B

Notes:

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon
; samplingProtocol:
Light trap
; eventDate:
6/20/2021
; sex:
1 male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
1B8A2C65-613A-5F2B-8CD2-183D83EB01D5

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Distribution: Palaearctic (GBIF.org 2023c)

Notes:

Kwon (2022)

Monema flavescens Walker, 1855

Notes:

Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Phrixolepia sericea Butler, 1877

Notes:

Notes:

Kwon (2022)

Acronicta concrepta Draudt, 1937

Notes:

Lim et al. (2013)

Acronicta cuspis (Hübner, 1813)

Notes:

Lim et al. (2013)

Acronicta hercules (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874)

Material Download as CSV

island:
Ulleungdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Taeharyeong, Namseo-ri, Seomyeon
; samplingProtocol:
Light trap
; eventDate:
6/20/2021
; sex:
1 male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
1292E45B-7026-517C-A5AF-0F5E70EA4C55

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Ulleungdo Island.

Distribution: China, Japan, Korea, Russia (Han and Kononenko 2010)

Acronicta leucocuspis (Butler, 1878)

Notes:

HNIBR (2022)

Acronicta major (Bremer, 1861)

Notes:

Lee and Jung (2001), Lim et al. (2013)

Xestia efflorescens (Butler, 1879)

Notes:

Lim et al. (2013), Won et al. (2023)

Family Nolidae

Blenina senex (Butler, 1878)

Notes:

Lim et al. (2013)

Earias roseifera Butler, 1881

Notes:

Kwon (2022)

Evonima mandschuriana (Oberthür, 1880)

Notes:

Lim et al. (2013)

Pseudoips prasinana (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes:

Notes:

Notes:

Seok (1938), Cho (1955), Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Lim and Lee (2012), Lim et al. (2013), HNIBR (2022)

Papilio maackii Ménétriés, 1859

Notes:

Cho (1929), Seok (1938), Cho (1955), Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Byun et al. (1996), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Lim and Lee (2012), Lim et al. (2013), HNIBR (2022)

Papilio xuthus Linnaeus, 1767

Notes:

Triaxomasia orientanus (Ponomarenko & Park, 1996)

Notes:

Yponomeuta evonymella (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes:

Lim et al. (2013)

Family Zygaenidae

Illiberis dirce (Leech, 1888[1889])

Notes:

Lim and Lee (2012), HNIBR (2022)

Illiberis rotundata Jordan, [1907]

Notes:

Lim et al. (2013)

Illiberis tenuis (Butler, 1877)

Notes:

HNIBR (2022)

Order Mantodea

Family Mantidae

Hierodula patellifera (Serville, 1839)

Notes:

NSMK (2023b)

Statilia maculata Thunberg, 1784

Notes:

Lee and Jung (2001)

Tenodera angustipennis Saussure, 1869

Notes:

Cho (1955), Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Lim and Lee (2012), Lim et al. (2013), Nam et al. (2018), HNIBR (2022)

Tenodera sinensis Saussure, 1871

Notes:

Lim et al. (2013), Won et al. (2023)

Order Megaloptera

Notes:

Lim et al. (2013)

Paraglenurus japonicus (McLachlan, 1867)

Notes:

Lim et al. (2013)

Synclisis japonica (Hagen, 1866)

Notes:

Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Family Osmylidae

Lysmus harmandinus (Navás, 1910)

Notes:

Kwon (2022)

Order Odonata

Family Aeshnidae

Anax parthenope subsp. julius Brauer, 1865

Notes:

Anisogomphus maacki (Selys, 1872)

Notes:

Kwon (2021)

Davidius lunatus (Bartenev, 1914)

Notes:

Kwon (2021)

Sieboldius albardae Selys, 1886

Notes:

Notes:

Cho (1955), Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Tachycines coreanus Yamasaki, 1969

Notes:

Cho (1955), Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Lim and Lee (2012), Lim et al. (2013), Nam et al. (2018), HNIBR (2022), Won et al. (2023)

Family Tetrigidae

Euparatettix insularis Bey-Bienko, 1951

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Tetrix japonica (Bolívar, 1887)

Notes:

Notes:

Amphinemura coreana Zwick, 1973

Notes:

Kwon (2021)

Nemoura tau Zwick, 1973

Notes:

Kwon (2021)

Family Perlidae

Neoperla coreensis Ra, Kim, Kang & Ham, 1994

Notes:

Kwon (2021)

Paragnetina flavotincta (McLachlan, 1872)

Haplothrips leucanthemi (Schrank, 1781)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Liothrips vaneeckei Priesner, 1920

Notes:

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Order Trichoptera

Family Apataniidae

Apatania maritima Ivanov & Levanidova, 1993

Notes:

NIBR (2021)

Notes:

NIBR (2021)

Notes:

Info and Park (2023)

Order Zygentoma

Family Lepismatidae

Ctenolepisma longicaudata Escherich, 1905

Notes:

Cho (1965), Lee and Kwon (1981), ME (1993), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001)

Insect Checklist of Dokdo Island

Order Blattodea

Dolichus halensis subsp. halensis (Schaller, 1783)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Kim (2004), Lee et al. (2006), Lee et al. (2009), Kim and Yeom (2006), Kim et al. (2009), Park et al. (2011)

Harpalus jureceki (Jedlicka, 1928)

Notes:

Lee et al. (2009)

Harpalus sinicus Hope, 1845

Notes:

Park et al. (2011), Park et al. (2013)

Stenolophus difficilis (Hope, 1845)

Notes:

Park et al. (2012)

Family Cerambycidae

Arhopaloscelis bifasciata (Kraatz, 1879)

Material Download as CSV

island:
Dokdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Seodo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup
; samplingProtocol:
sweeping net
; eventDate:
2015-06-23
; sex:
1 male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
C0CF4E44-DA97-5563-88D0-DF4BFD6AFE6E

Notes:

This is the first record of this species from Dokdo Island.

Notes:

Notes:

Notes:

Lee et al. (2009), Park et al. (2011)

Melanotus cete subsp. cete Candeze, 1860

Notes:

Choi (2015), Park and Jang (2016), Lee (2016)

Pectocera fortunei Candeze, 1873

Notes:

Choi (2017)

Family Endomychidae

Ancylopus melanocephalus A.G.Olivier, 1808

Notes:

Lee and Jung (2001), Lee et al. (2006), Kim and Yeom (2006)

Ancylopus pictus subsp. asiaticus (Strohecker, 1972)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Kim (2004), Lee et al. (2006), Kim and Yeom (2006)

Cafius histrio (Sharp, 1874)

Notes:

Yoo et al. (2013)

Hydrobius fuscipes (Linnaeus, 1758)

Pegomya cunicularia (Rondani, 1866)

Notes:

Notes:

Choi (2018)

Family Ceratopogonidae

Culicoides circumscriptus Kieffer, 1918

Notes:

Choi (2018)

Yoon (1978), Lee and Kwon (1981), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Kim (2004), Lee et al. (2006), Kim and Yeom (2006), Kim et al. (2009), Park et al. (2011)

Musca hervei Villeneuve, 1922

Notes:

Yoon (1978), Lee and Kwon (1981), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Kim (2004), Lee et al. (2006), Kim and Yeom (2006)

Notes:

Choi (2018)

Campiglossa sada (Dirlbek & Dirlbeková, 1974)

Notes:

Ryu et al. (2021)

Ensina sonchi (Linnaeus, 1767)

Notes:

Lee et al. (2009), Choi (2018)

Trupanea convergens (Hering, 1936)

Notes:

Lee et al. (2009), Choi (2018)

Order Hemiptera

Aphis rumicis Linnaeus, 1758

Notes:

Notes:

Choi (2018), Ryu et al. (2021)

Family Cydnidae

Fromundus pygmaeus (Dallas, 1851)

Notes:

Family Delphacidae

Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén, 1826)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Kim (2004), Park et al. (2011), Lee et al. (2006), Kim and Yeom (2006), An (2008), Lee et al. (2009), Choi (2018), Ryu et al. (2021)

Sogatella furcifera (Horváth, 1899)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Kim (2004), Lee et al. (2006), Kim and Yeom (2006), An (2008), Lee et al. (2009), Park and Jang (2016), Lee (2016), Ryu et al. (2021)

Sogatella kolophon (Kirkaldy, 1907)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Kim (2004), Lee et al. (2006), Kim and Yeom (2006), Lee et al. (2009), Lee (2016), Choi (2015), Ryu et al. (2021)

Notes:

Choi (2018)

Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895)

Notes:

Choi (2018)

Orthotylus flavosparsus (Sahlberg, 1841)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Kim (2004), Lee et al. (2006), Kim and Yeom (2006), An (2008), Lee et al. (2009), Park et al. (2010), Park et al. (2011), Park and Jang (2016), Choi (2018)

Trigonotylus caelestialium (Kirkaldy, 1902)

Notes:

An (2008), Choi (2018)

Family Nabidae

Nabis stenoferus Hsiao, 1964

Material Download as CSV

island:
Dokdo Island
; country:
Republic of Korea
; stateProvince:
Gyeongsangbuk-do
; county:
Ulleung-gun
; locality:
Dongdo of Dokdo, Dokdo-ri, Ulleungeup
; samplingProtocol:
sweeping net
; eventDate:
2022-05-18
; sex:
1 female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Lee, D. Y.
; occurrenceID:
47EC8D41-1B42-55A8-98D7-4D45BE40D987

Notes:

Hwang (2023)

Family Bethylidae

Palpita nigropunctalis Bremer, 1864

Notes:

Yoon (1978), Lee and Kwon (1981), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Kim (2004), Lee et al. (2006), Kim and Yeom (2006), An (2008)

Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Kim (2004), Lee et al. (2006), Kim and Yeom (2006), An (2008), Kim et al. (2009), Lee et al. (2009), Park et al. (2010), Park et al. (2013), Choi (2018)

Family Erebidae

Arcte coerula (Guenée, 1852)

Notes:

Choi (2015)

Catocala dula Bremer, 1861

Notes:

Kim and Yeom (2006)

Daddala lucilla (Butler, 1881)

Notes:

Kim and Yeom (2006)

Thyas juno (Dalman, 1823)

Notes:

Park et al. (2011), Choi (2015)

Family Geometridae

Odontopera arida (Butler, 1878)

Notes:

An (2008)

Notes:

Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Kim (2004), Lee et al. (2006), Kim and Yeom (2006), An (2008), Kim et al. (2009), Lee et al. (2009), Park et al. (2011), Park et al. (2013), Choi (2018), Ryu et al. (2021)

Notes:

Lee et al. (2009)

Cochylidia contumescens (Meyrick, 1931)

Notes:

Cho and Lee (2012)

Cochylidia richteriana (Fischer von Röslerstamm, 1837)

Notes:

Lee et al. (2009)

Tortrix sinapina (Butler, 1879)

Notes:

An (2008)

Family Yponomeutidae

Yponomeuta meguronis (Matsumura, 1931)

Notes:

Kim and Yeom (2006), An (2008), Choi (2018)

Order Neuroptera

Family Chrysopidae

Chrysopa pallens (Rambur, 1838)

Notes:

Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Kim (2004), Lee et al. (2006), Kim and Yeom (2006), An (2008), Lee et al. (2009), Park et al. (2011), Park et al. (2013), Choi (2018)

Cunctochrysa albolineata (Killington, 1935)

Notes:

Hwang (2023)

Family Hemerobiidae

Hemerobius humulinus Linnaeus, 1758

Notes:

An (2008), Choi (2018)

Order Odonata

Family Aeshnidae

Anax parthenope (Selys, 1839)

An (2008)

Sympetrum darwinianum (Selys, 1883)

Notes:

An (2008)

Order Orthoptera

Family Gryllidae

Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi & Matsuura, 1951)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Kim (2004), Lee et al. (2006), Kim and Yeom (2006)

Velarifictorus aspersus (Walker, 1869)

Notes:

Lee and Kwon (1981), Kwon et al. (1996), Lee and Jung (2001), Kim (2004), Lee et al. (2006), Kim and Yeom (2006), Kim et al. (2009)

Family Mogoplistidae

Ornebius kanetataki (Matsumura, 1904)

Notes:

An (2008)

Analysis

Through the historical compilation and field surveys of the insect fauna of Ulleungdo and Dokdo, any initial records and occurrence records that had arisen from misidentification or reference errors were re-identified, removed or corrected through verification of reference specimens and literature and data reviews. This process resulted in a report of 1694 species across 20 orders and 227 families, including 28 unrecorded species from Ulleungdo and 201 species across 10 orders and 80 families, including three unrecorded species from Dokdo.

In terms of newly-recorded species from the two islands, Ulleungdo saw the most additions within the order Diptera, with 11 newly-recorded species (Fig. 2), followed by nine newly-recorded species in Coleoptera, six in Lepidoptera and two in Hemiptera (Figs 3, 4). For Dokdo, three newly-recorded species were added each in the orders of Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera (Fig. 5).

Figure 2.

Newly-recorded species of Dipetra from Ulleungdo. A Neoitamus cothurnatus univittatus (Loew, 1871); B Elachiptera insignis (Thomson, 1869); C Elachiptera sibirica (Loew, 1858); D Muscina levida (Harris, 1780); E Orchisia costata (Meigen, 1826); F Ensina sonchi (Linnaeus, 1767); G Armigeres subalbatus (Coquillett, 1898); H Aedes koreicus (Edwards, 1917); I Aedes galloisi Yamada, 1921; J Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894); K Aedes togoi (Theobald, 1907).

Figure 3.

Newly-recorded species of Coleoptera and Hemiptera from Ulleungdo. A Stenolophus difficilis (Hope, 1845); B Dasytes vulgaris Nakane, 1963; C Attalus elongatulus Lewis, 1895; D Elacatis kraatzi Reitter, 1879; E Polygraphus jezoensis Niisima, 1909; F Scolytoplatypus tycon Blandford, 1893; G Ambrosiophilus atratus (Eichhoff, 1876); H Psilarthroides czerskyi (Zaslavskij, 1956); I Tomoxia nipponica Kôno, 1928; J Adelphocoris demissus Horvath, 1905; K Corythucha marmorata (Uhler, 1878).

Figure 4.

Newly-recorded species of Lepidoptera from Ulleungdo. A Spilarctia seriatopunctata subsp. suzukii Inoue & Maenami, 1963; B Hypopyra vespertilio (Fabricius, 1787); C Simplicia rectalis (Eversmann, 1842); D Acronicta hercules (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874); E Analetia postica (Hampson, 1905); F Eudemis brevisetosa Oku, 2005.

Figure 5.

Newly-recorded species from Dokdo. A Arhopaloscelis bifasciata (Kraatz, 1879); B Nabis stenoferus Hsiao, 1964; C Haplogonatopus oratorius (Westwood, 1833).

The insect fauna checklist for Ulleungdo includes three species endemic to the island: Aphis veroniciphaga Kim & Lee, 2006, Cacopsylla ulleungensis (Kwon, 1983) and Rhomphocallus coreanus Assing, 2011 (Kwon 1983, Kim et al. 2006, Assing 2011). Dokdo has one endemic species, Culicoides dokdoensis Lee & Bae, 2023 and is the only location in Korea, including the mainland, where Batracomorphus minutus (Matsumura, 1912) has been observed.

The top five insect orders on Ulleungdo are, in descending order: Lepidoptera (465 species, 27.46%), Coleoptera (412 species, 24.34%), Hemiptera (259 species, 15.26%), Diptera (227 species, 13.38%) and Hymenoptera (185 species, 10.90%). These top five orders accounted for more than 90% of Ulleungdo's insect diversity, with other orders comprising less than 10% (Fig. 6A). Within the Lepidoptera order, the Geometridae family was the most dominant, representing 20.62% of all Lepidoptera with 92 species, followed by the Noctuidae family with 91 species (19.53%). The Erebidae family comprised 69 species (14.80%), the Crambidae family 59 species (12.66%) and the Tortricidae family 19 species (4.08%). In the Coleoptera order, which accounted for 24.34% of the island's insect diversity, the top five families were Staphylinidae (58 species, 14.04%), Chrysomelidae (49 species, 11.86%), Carabidae (47 species, 11.62%), Cerambycidae (43 species, 10.41%) and Curculionidae (40 species, 9.69%). In the Hemiptera order, the top three families were Cicadellidae (39 species, 15.06%), Miridae (37 species, 14.29%) and Pentatomidae (30 species, 11.58%). The Aphididae and Rhyparochromidae families were fourth and fifth, respectively, with 23 species (8.88%) and 12 species (4.63%). For the Diptera order, the Syrphidae family dominated with 41 species (18.06%), followed by the Muscidae and Drosophilidae families, each with 22 species (9.69%), the Sarcophagidae family with 20 species (8.81%) and the Calliphoridae family with 16 species (7.05%). Lastly, in the Hymenoptera order, which had the smallest proportion amongst the top five, the Formicidae family was dominant, with 57 species (30.81%). The other top families were Ichneumonidae (26 species, 14.05%), Eumenidae (14 species, 7.57%), Apidae (12 species, 6.49%) and Crabronidae (11 species, 5.94%).

Figure 6.

Taxonomic distribution of insect species. A Ulleungdo Island; B Dokdo Island. The circular charts display the proportional representation of insect orders and their respective families, based on comprehensive species lists compiled for each Island. The percentages are rounded to the nearest whole number.

The top five insect orders on Dokdo were, in descending order: Coleoptera (49 species, 24.38%), Diptera (45 species, 22.39%), Hemiptera (39 species, 19.40%), Lepidoptera (34 species, 16.92%) and Hymenoptera (19 species, 9.45%). The orders other than the top five accounted for less than 3% of Dokdo's insect diversity (Fig. 6B). Within the Coleoptera order, the Curculionidae family comprised the largest proportion, with eight species (16.33%). The Chrysomelidae, Coccinellidae and Carabidae families each comprised six species, representing 12.24% and together made up the top four families. In the Diptera order, the Syrphidae family dominated with 13 species (28.26%), followed by the Calliphoridae family with six species (13.04%) and both the Anthomyiidae and Muscidae families, each with four species (8.69%), making up the top four families. For Hemiptera, the top four families were Cicadellidae, with eight species (20.00%), Miridae with five species (12.50%) and both the Delphacidae and Rhyparochromidae families each with four species (10.00%). In the Lepidoptera order, the top four families included Noctuidae with seven species (20.59%) and both the Crambidae and Tortricidae families with five species each (14.71%), followed by the Erebidae family with four species (11.76%). In the Hymenoptera order, the Formicidae family significantly dominated with 12 species, accounting for 63.16% of this order, while the other families contained fewer than three species each.

Discussion

This study conducted a comprehensive historical compilation and field surveys, as well as a re-examination of existing literature and specimens to update the insect fauna databases of Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands. For Ulleungdo, the species list, last reported by Lim et al. (2013), was updated to include 28 newly-recorded species, bringing the total to 517 species added to the list. For Dokdo, the most recent species list, compiled by Ryu et al. (2021), was updated to include three newly-recorded species, totalling 12 species added to the list. Additionally, re-identifying specimens stored at the Animal Systematics & Taxonomy Laboratory at KNU, including Saprosites japonicus Waterhouse, 1875, led to the removal of several misidentified species from the previously recorded list in the literature. Further, the first records and occurrence records of some species were corrected through historical compilation and additional data verification.

Consequently, this study reported checklists of 1694 species across 20 orders, 227 families and 1165 genera for Ulleungdo, as well as 201 species across 10 orders, 80 families and 173 genera for Dokdo. However, despite the increasing number of species accumulated through ongoing research on Ulleungdo, 18 species have not been reported for over approximately 40 years, indicating a need for further research and surveys on these species (Table 3).

Table 3.

Download as

CSV

XLSX

List of insect species that have not been reported in Ulleungdo Is. within approximately 40 years.

	Last observation year	Reference	Species
1	1934	Kim (2012)	Onthophagus viduus Harold, 1875
2	1955	Cho (1955)	Horridipamera nietneri (Dohrn, 1860)
3	1965	Cho (1965)	Silpha perforata Gebler, 1832
4	1971	Kim (1971)	Ammophila vagabunda Smith, 1856
5	1971	Kim (1971)	Ostrinia scapulalis (Walker, 1859)
6	1977	Hong et al. (2011)	Pellobaris melancholica (Roelofs, 1875)
7	1978	Suh (2019)	Anthomyia plumiseta Stein, 1918
8	1981	Suh (2019)	Pegomya cunicularia (Rondani, 1866)
9	1981	Park et al. (2012)	Tropideres naevulus Faust, 1887
10	1981	Hong et al. (2012)	Orchestes lateritius (Morimoto, 1984)
11	1981	Hong et al. (2012)	Orchestes harunire (Morimoto, 1984)
12	1981	Hong et al. 2012	Orchestes horii (Kôno, 1937)
13	1981	Kim (2012)	Agrilinus uniformis (Waterhouse, 1875)
14	1981	Hong et al. (2011)	Rhinoncus sibiricus Faust, 1893
15	1981	Lee and Kwon (1981)	Proboscidocoris malayus Reuter, 1908
16	1985	Kim (2012)	Bodilopsis sordidus (Fabricius, 1775)
17	1985	Kim (2012)	Planolinoides borealis (Gyllenhal, 1827)
18	1985	Kim (2012)	Colobopterus quadratus (Reiche, 1850)

As seen in Fig. 6, although the top five insect orders were the same for Ulleungdo and Dokdo, their distribution percentages differ. On Ulleungdo, the Lepidoptera order was dominant, comprising 27.46% of the total insect taxa, followed by Coleoptera (24.34%), Hemiptera (15.26%), Diptera (13.38%) and Hymenoptera (10.90%). However, on Dokdo, the Coleoptera order was the most prevalent, accounting for 24.38% of the taxa, with other orders following in different proportions: Diptera (22.39%), Hemiptera (19.40%), Lepidoptera (16.92%) and Hymenoptera (9.45%). This shows a distinct pattern difference between the two islands. Additionally, Ulleungdo exhibited a relatively abundant presence of higher taxons compared to Dokdo. While Ulleungdo had 20 orders, Dokdo presented a more restricted diversity with only 10 orders. Thus, Ulleungdo possessed about twice the diversity in insect orders found on Dokdo, highlighting a clear difference in insect diversity between the two Islands. This difference becomes even more pronounced at lower taxonomic levels. Consequently, it is estimated that Ulleungdo has a higher diversity, with 10 more orders, 147 more families, 992 more genera and 1493 more species compared to Dokdo. This higher diversity can also be seen in the number of endemic species: Ulleungdo is home to three endemic species (Aphis veroniciphaga, Cacopsylla ulleungensis, Rhomphocallus coreanus), whereas Dokdo has only one endemic species (Culicoides dokdoensis). Furthermore, Dokdo displayed characteristics where certain families were disproportionately dominant. For example, the Formicidae family comprised 68% of the Hymenoptera order on Dokdo. This dominance of specific taxonomic groups is presumed to result from the combined effects of Dokdo’s geographical and topographical features, whereby the Island's limited area and isolation impose constraints on insect diversity, while offering ecological advantages to species adapted to specific environments.

Additionally, comparing the insect diversity of Oki Island, which is located in East Sea and the closest island to Dokdo, except for Ulleungdo, with those for Ulleungdo and Dokdo reveals additional insights into taxonomic diversity amongst these Islands (Fig. 7). Oki and Ulleungdo Islands show relatively higher species counts and greater diversity than Dokdo. In contrast, Dokdo exhibits lower taxonomic diversity and fewer species, with a more limited range of orders compared to the other two Islands. Such differences in the diversity of insect taxa between Ulleungdo, Dokdo and Oki are likely due to the different habitats and environmental pressures on the respective islands (Park et al. 2021). Oki and Ulleungdo, with its relatively larger area and more complex terrain, would have provided a broader range of ecological niches to the classes of insects than Dokdo. In contrast, with its relatively small habitat area and characteristics, such as high environmental variability, Dokdo has limited habitat diversity and richness necessary for the localisation and survival of insect species, resulting in lower overall diversity. However, factors such as climate, terrain, location and government policy impact accessibility, meaning surveys on the Island have been highly restricted compared to the other two Islands, which should also be considered.

Figure 7.

Histogram of insect species diversity by order on three East Sea islands. A. Ulleungdo Island; B. Dokdo Island; C. Oki Island.

While this study focuses on the presence and absence of insect taxa across Ulleungdo and Dokdo, it provides a valuable baseline for understanding the insect diversity of these Islands. However, to gain a deeper ecological understanding of the factors driving these diversity patterns, future studies should incorporate comprehensive datasets, including environmental parameters, such as habitat characteristics, climate and geographic distance, alongside advanced monitoring techniques. Such integrative research will be essential to unravel the ecological processes shaping the unique insect communities of these Islands. This study serves as a crucial foundation for future biodiversity research and conservation efforts, contributing to the sustainable management and protection of insect diversity in the East Sea region.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by a Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2016R1A6A1A05011910). Special thanks go to Dr. Matthias Schöller (Biologische Beratung GmbH, Germany) for his help in the identification of Cryptocephalus.

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