Data mobilisation at the Fund of Invertebrates of the State Museum of Natural History of the NAS of Ukraine

Andriy Novikov; Volodymyr Rizun; Andrii Susulovsky; Habriel Hushtan; Kateryna Hushtan; Oleksandr Kuzyarin; Anastasiia Savytska; Viktor Nachychko; Solomia Susulovska; Dmytro Leleka

doi:10.3897/BDJ.12.e131188

Biodiversity Data Journal : Data Paper (Biosciences)

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Data Paper (Biosciences)

Data mobilisation at the Fund of Invertebrates of the State Museum of Natural History of the NAS of Ukraine

Andriy Novikov^‡, Volodymyr Rizun^‡, Andrii Susulovsky^‡, Habriel Hushtan^‡, Kateryna Hushtan^‡,§, Oleksandr Kuzyarin^‡, Anastasiia Savytska^‡, Viktor Nachychko^|, Solomia Susulovska^|, Dmytro Leleka^¶

‡ State Museum of Natural History of the NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine

§ Separate Structural Department “Lviv Professional College of the Lviv National Environmental University”, Lviv, Ukraine

| Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine

¶ Institute of Ecology of the Carpathians of the NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine

Corresponding author: Andriy Novikov (novikoffav@gmail.com)

Academic editor: Paulo Borges

Received: 03 Jul 2024 | Accepted: 06 Aug 2024 | Published: 20 Aug 2024

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Novikov A, Rizun V, Susulovsky A, Hushtan H, Hushtan K, Kuzyarin O, Savytska A, Nachychko V, Susulovska S, Leleka D (2024) Data mobilisation at the Fund of Invertebrates of the State Museum of Natural History of the NAS of Ukraine. Biodiversity Data Journal 12: e131188. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e131188

Abstract

Background

The described dataset contains occurrence records of invertebrate specimens deposited at the State Museum of Natural History of the NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine (SMNH NASU). It combines diverse taxonomic groups, mostly belonging to the class Insecta of the phylum Arthropoda, that were selected as prioritised for digitisation in war conditions. Selected specimens were ascertained as those being the most vulnerable to hostilities and requiring virtual preservation. Such virtual preservation is essential in the war realities as collection can be lost or damaged at any moment, resulting in a significant retrospective biodiversity data gap. At the same time, collection virtualisation and its deposition on the internet grant remote access to scientists who cannot visit it in person due to the war. Moreover, we believe that the mobilisation of the data from the Ukrainian collections and their publication online are essential for the integration of Ukrainian research facilities into a global scientific biodiversity pool.

New information

A total of 3,660 occurrence records mobilised in 2023-2024 from the collection of invertebrates of the SMNH NASU, were published. This dynamic dataset will be continually supplied by new records during further digitisation work.

Keywords

Arthropoda, Oribatida, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Nematoda, invertebrates, museum collection, data mobilisation, Ukraine

Introduction

The digitisation of natural history collections and mobilisation of biodiversity data are crucial tasks significantly influencing modern science, providing access to growing data arrays (Nelson et al. 2015, Wetzel et al. 2018, Ball-Damerow et al. 2019). It is realised in multiple ways, including numerous local initiatives (e.g. Vattakaven et al. (2016), Grattarola et al. (2019), Guzmán-Jacob et al. (2021), Novotný et al. (2022), Gyeltshen and Pem (2022)), citizen-science platforms like iNaturalist (2024), Observation International (2024) and eBird (2024), as well as global aggregators like GBIF (2024a) or iDigBio (2024). Mobilised data contributes to an extendable number of biogeographical, taxonomical, phylogenetical, ecological and other biodiversity-related investigations (Causey et al. 2004, Holmes et al. 2016, Nelson and Ellis 2018, Shultz et al. 2020, Heberling et al. 2021). In light of the continuing hostilities in Ukraine, the mobilisation of biodiversity data and, particularly, digitisation of nature history collections, acquires a new sense.

SMNH NASU, being located in Lviv, far from the war line, is, however, suffering from indirect impacts such as lack of financial support due to govermental budget transfer to the prioritised defence policy and damage to hosted collections as a result of blackouts and lack of heating. The scientific fund of invertebrates of the SMNH NASU comprises several independent collections each curated by their custodians and curators. There are collections of extant and fossil insects, molluscs, microscopic slides of the soil invertebrates (nematodes, flatworms, springtails, protura, oribatid and mesostigmatic mites etc.) and a few memorial collections. In general, the fund is subdivided into the principal and supplementary subfunds. The principal subfund of invertebrates includes ca. 188,000 storage units and the supplementary subfund has over 13,000 storage units. There are represented specimens collected since the end of 19^th and the beginning of the 20^th centuries by many famous regional naturalists, including Kazimierz Smulikowski, Marian and Jarosław Łomnicki, Maksymilian Nowicki, Michał Świątkiewicz, August Stöckl and Stanisław Kapuściński (Starzyk 2004).

The digitisation of the collections at the SMNH NASU started in the early 2000s when separated datasets were created locally by curators. In 2017, the Data Centre “Biodiversity of Ukraine” (DCBU) has been launched (State Museum of Natural History of the NAS of Ukraine 2024). Since then, it has served as the main entry point to host and operate with digitised materials (Rizun and Scherbachenko 2019, Rizun et al. 2020). By 2024, 20358 records about invertebrate specimens hosted at SMNH NASU, were deposited at the DCBU, including 19068 records of Arthropoda (Insecta - 15359, Arachnida - 3709), 978 records of Mollusca (Bivalvia - 372 and Gastropoda - 606) and 312 records of Nematoda (Enoplea - 302 and Chromadorea - 10). Thus, today, the DCBU contains data about 11% of the total number of invertebrate specimens hosted at SMNH NASU. Since late 2023, to provide wider access, the integration of mobilised data to the GBIF platform has begun. At the moment, data for only about 2% of the total number of invertebrate specimens hosted at SMNH NASU were published in GBIF and represented in the current dataset. Only 5% of the hosted specimens had images of different quality, which were captured at different times. Currently, many of these images are archived on the internal SMNH NASU servers and their publishing online through the DCBU and other platforms is still in progress. (Fig. 1).

Figure 1.

Digitisation progress of the invertebrates at the SMNH NASU.

General description

Project description

Title:

Digitisation of natural history collections damaged as a result of hostilities and related factors: development of protocols and implementation on the basis of the State Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Nr 2022.01/0013)

Personnel:

Project PI: Andriy Novikov (Dr., Senior Research Scientist, SMNH, Department of Biosystematics and Evolution, ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0112-5070).

Core Team: Habriel Hushtan (Dr., Research Scientist, SMNH, Department of Biosystematics and Evolution, ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6999-6043), Kateryna Hushtan (Dr., Research Scientist, SMNH, Department of Museum Informative Systems, ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5235-3233), Oleksandr Kuzyarin (Dr., Research Scientist, SMNH, Department of Museum Informative Systems, ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7728-3665), Bohdan Prots (Dr., Head of Department, SMNH, Department of Landscape and Biotic Diversity, ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0605-9527 - left the team in 2024), Volodymyr Rizun (Dr., Head of Department, SMNH, Department of Museum Informative Systems, ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1675-032X), Anastasiia Savytska (Dr., Research Scientist, SMNH, Department of Applied Museology, ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6255-8590), Andrij Susulovsky (Dr., Head of Department, SMNH, Department of Biosystematics and Evolution, ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-9825).

Assistants: Viktor Nachychko (Dr., Associate Professor, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-2823), Solomia Susulovska (Dr., Collection Keeper, Junior Research Scientist, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Faculty of Biology, Zoological Museum, ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7585-7584), Dmytro Leleka (PhD Student, Institute of Ecology of the Carpathians of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Department of Ecosystemology, ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0112-5070).

Study area description:

The study is focused on the invertebrate specimens collected mostly in the western part of Ukraine. However, the dataset also contains many occurrence records from other adjacent territories and occasional important records from remote areas such as Morocco, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Sri Lanka and the Kuril Archipelago.

Design description:

As it was initially mentioned in our previous publication (Novikov et al. 2024), the project aims to: (a) develop digitisation protocols for the most valuable and vulnerable natural history collections; (b) mobilise and publish the data about such collections deposited at SMNH; and (c) digitise prioritised specimens deposited at SMNH, including those belonging to the herbarium collection and the collection of invertebrates. However, the digitisation workflow for invertebrate specimens differs from those for the herbarium material described by Novikov et al. (2024). In the case of digitisation of the herbarium material, there are two stages of capturing images - the first, preliminary, when the images of the herbarium labels are taken and the second, main, when the images of the entire herbarium sheets are taken. The data from the herbarium labels are manually transferred to the dataset and later verified for taxonomic consistency and other issues. Only after such verification, specimens meeting preselection and quality criteria, are digitised using a hi-res photo camera. In the case of invertebrates, the traditional digitisation workflow (Flemons and Berents 2012, Nelson et al. 2015, Blagoderov et al. 2017, Harris and Marsico 2017, Dupont et al. 2020, Nieva de la Hidalga et al. 2020) has been chosen - the specimens are preselected by curators, based on the preliminary outlined criteria and digitised. The data are later mobilised from the original images. Such a protocol simplifies the digitisation procedure and is excellent for routine digitisation of the entire collection. However, it loses in specimens preselection, resulting sometimes in the digitisation of less important specimens, misidentified specimens, mix of specimens from different regions and occasional records with low data quality (e.g. unknown collection date, uncertain locality etc.).

Funding:

The grant programme “Science for the Recovery of Ukraine in the War and Post-War Periods” (Nr 2022.01) of the National Research Foundation of Ukraine (NRFU).

Sampling methods

Sampling description:

Similarly to the botanical fund (Novikov et al. 2024), three levels of priority for digitisation and data mobilisation were defined in other funds of SMNH NASU (Fig. 2). The first, red, group comprises the most valuable specimens that are, at the same time, the most vulnerable (e.g. can be easily and heavily damaged by moisture, fire, mould etc.). The second, yellow, group combines valuable specimens that are relatively resistant to damage and specimens that also can be easily damaged, but have moderate importance. The third, green, group includes specimens of regular species and specimens from supporting (e.g. loan and educational) collections that are either resistant to damage or have limited scientific value.

Figure 2.

Simplified priority evaluation applied for the digitisation of the natural history collections at the SMNH NASU. Scores are calculated by multiplication of specimen value by its vulnerability. Three priority groups are ascertained - red (highest) with scores over 35; yellow (moderate) with scores between 20 and 35; and green (lowest) with scores under 20.

Although the mentioned priority classification (Fig. 2) is not constant, we believe that general logic of designation of the priority groups by multiplication of the specimen value by its vulnerability could be useful for other digitisation projects. In particular, such priority classification can serve as a good point to focus the digitisation in emergency situations. At the same time, the number of value and vulnerability levels, as well as their order, can be determined individually, depending on the collection peculiarities (e.g. presence of type material and preservation technique) and certain digitisation goals (e.g. in case of long-term flow digitisation, such priority groups can be neglected or bulked).

Step description:

1. To designate the digitisation priority, the working table with classes of value (from 1 to 10) and vulnerability (from 1 to 8) of the specimens has been created (Fig. 2). Each specimen was evaluated following these two principal criteria and received cumulative points. For example, if the specimen is a herbarium voucher (7^th level of vulnerability) representing the endemic taxon (7^th level of value), it received 49 (7 x 7) cumulative points. If the same herbarium voucher also represents the type material (10^th level of value), then it received 70 (7 x 10) cumulative points. In such a case, the highest points (i.e. 70) were taken into account and this specimen was digitised at the first priority, while other specimens with lower points were digitised later, in order of received points.

2. The prioritised specimens were generally checked for preserving condition and presence of the readable labels. They also were preliminarily evaluated to fit the digitisation protocols and available technical facilities at SMNH NASU.

3. The still image of each specimen has been captured using different photosystems available at SMNH NASU. For microslides, the digitisation photo camera Canon EOS 800D (24 Mp) with Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS STM lens mounted on the horizontal tripod over the light box has been applied. The following presets were set up: ISO 200, f/5.6, exposition 1/250, automatic white balance. Additionally, the camera Olympus DP72 mounted on the trinocular microscope Olympus ВX51 has been used for microphotography purposes. For the digitisation of pinned and fixed specimens, the photo camera Canon EOS 800D (24 Mp) with Canon EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM lens also mounted on the horizontal tripod over the lightbox has been applied. The images were saved simultaneously in RAW (master file) and JPEG (distributive file) formats in the highest possible resolution. At the moment, the resulting images are stored on the internal SMNH NASU server and only a portion of them has been published online.

4. The data from the labels have been manually filled from the images into Excel tables mapped following DarwinCore standard (TDWG 2024) and separated by taxonomic group.

5. The first step of data quality control has been manually realised by assistants, who checked the initial datasets for typos, technical mistakes and errors.

6. The occurrence records were georeferenced using the data from the field "locality" and OpenStreetMap facilities (OpenStreetMap contributors 2024). The OpenStreetMap has been chosen over other similar web map services as it is well-developed, openly provided under ODbL licence and has extended functionality, allowing checking the elevation. Many toponyms in the OpenStreetMap are provided along with spelling variants and there is an option to add new or correct existing information on the map. This results in better identification of the locality described on the label. The coordinates accuracy has been evaluated in metres and filled in the respective field in the dataset.

7. The second step of data quality control has been realised by collection curators, checking for consistency of provided coordinates and localities descriptions.

8. Separate datasets were merged into the common dataset by the project PI (AN).

9. The third step of data quality control has been realised by the project PI (AN), checking for consistency of provided data in the merged dataset.

10. The dataset has been published using the GBIF IPT (GBIF 2024b).

Geographic coverage

Description:

The SMNH NASU mainly hosts natural history collections representing regional flora and fauna. Only certain specimens were collected out of the western part of Ukraine. Therefore, most of the occurrence records provided in the dataset are from Ukraine (3249) and adjacent territories of Poland (143) - Fig. 3. Other currently provided occurrence records cover Sri Lanka (18), Belarus (8), Kazakhstan (7), Austria (5), Germany (5), Morocco (5), the Russian Federation (5) and the Czechia (4), Kyrgyzstan (4), Bosnia and Herzegovina (2), Romania (2), Slovenia (2), Israel (1), Italy (1), Lithuania (1) and Slovakia (1).

Figure 3.

Distribution of the occurrence records in the dataset by countries.

Taxonomic coverage

Description:

The dataset contains occurrence records belonging to two phyla, Arthropoda and Nematoda (Fig. 4 and Table 1).

Table 1.

Download as

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XLSX

The list of invertebrate species and the number of their occurrence records represented in the dataset.

Phylum	Class	Order	Family	Genus	Species	Records
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Achipteriidae	Achipteria	Achipteria coleoptrata	114
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Achipteriidae	Parachipteria	Parachipteria fanzagoi	5
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Achipteriidae	Parachipteria	Parachipteria punctata	50
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Autognetidae	Autogneta	Autogneta willmanni	6
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Carabodidae	Carabodes	Carabodes labyrinthicus	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Cepheusidae	Cepheus	Cepheus cepheiformis	3
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Cepheusidae	Cepheus	Cepheus latus	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Cepheusidae	Reticulocepheus	Reticulocepheus grandis	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Cepheusidae	Tritegeus	Tritegeus bisulcatus	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Ceratozetidae	Ceratozetes	Ceratozetes mediocris	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Ceratozetidae	Euzetes	Euzetes globulus	6
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Ceratozetidae	Melanozetes	Melanozetes mollicomus	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Ceratozetidae	Melanozetes	Melanozetes mollicomus	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Chamobatidae	Chamobates	Chamobates birulai	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Chamobatidae	Chamobates	Chamobates borealis	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Chamobatidae	Chamobates	Chamobates voigtsi	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Collohmanniidae	Collohmannia	Collohmannia gigantea	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Crotoniidae	Camisia	Camisia spinifer	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Crotoniidae	Heminothrus	Heminothrus peltifer	55
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Crotoniidae	Heminothrus	Heminothrus targionii	4
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Crotoniidae	Heminothrus	Heminothrus thori	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Ctenobelbidae	Ctenobelba	Ctenobelba pectinigera	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Ctenobelbidae	Ctenobelba	Ctenobelba pilosella	4
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Damaeidae	Allobelba	Allobelba macerochaeta	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Damaeidae	Belba	Belba corynopus	4
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Damaeidae	Damaeus	Damaeus auritus	8
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Damaeidae	Damaeus	Damaeus boreus	3
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Damaeidae	Damaeus	Damaeus onustus	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Damaeidae	Damaeus	Damaeus riparius	12
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Damaeidae	Damaeus	Damaeus smirnovi	3
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Damaeidae	Metabelba	Metabelba papillipes	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Damaeidae	Metabelba	Metabelba pulverulenta	6
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Damaeidae	Metabelba	Metabelba rohdendorfi	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Damaeidae	Subbelba	Subbelba partiocrispa	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Damaeolidae	Damaeolus	Damaeolus asperatus	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Eniochthoniidae	Hypochthoniella	Hypochthoniella minutissima	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Eremaeidae	Eremaeus	Eremaeus hepaticus	5
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Eulohmanniidae	Eulohmannia	Eulohmannia ribagai	3
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Euphthiracaridae	Acrotritia	Acrotritia ardua	3
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Euphthiracaridae	Acrotritia	Acrotritia duplicata	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Euphthiracaridae	Euphthiracarus	Euphthiracarus monodactylus	6
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Euphthiracaridae	Euphthiracarus	Euphthiracarus reticulatus	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Euphthiracaridae	Microtritia	Microtritia minima	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Galumnidae	Allogalumna	Allogalumna longipluma	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Galumnidae	Galumna	Galumna lanceata	8
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Galumnidae	Pergalumna	Pergalumna altera	4
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Galumnidae	Pergalumna	Pergalumna formicaria	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Galumnidae	Pergalumna	Pergalumna myrmophila	3
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Galumnidae	Pergalumna	Pergalumna nervosa	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Galumnidae	Pergalumna	Pergalumna obvia	18
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Gymnodamaeidae	Gymnodamaeus	Gymnodamaeus bicostatus	5
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Hermanniellidae	Hermanniella	Hermanniella dolosa	4
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Hermanniidae	Hermannia	Hermannia gibba	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Hypochthoniidae	Hypochthonius	Hypochthonius luteus	7
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Hypochthoniidae	Hypochthonius	Hypochthonius rufulus	16
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Liacaridae	Adoristes	Adoristes ovatus	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Liacaridae	Liacarus	Liacarus brevilamellatus	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Liacaridae	Liacarus	Liacarus coracinus	4
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Liacaridae	Liacarus	Liacarus lencoranicus	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Liacaridae	Liacarus	Liacarus nitens	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Liacaridae	Liacarus	Liacarus subterraneus	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Liacaridae	Liacarus	Liacarus tubifer	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Liebstadiidae	Liebstadia	Liebstadia longior	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Nanhermanniidae	Nanhermannia	Nanhermannia nana	4
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Neoliodidae	Poroliodes	Poroliodes farinosus	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Nothridae	Nothrus	Nothrus anauniensis	6
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Nothridae	Nothrus	Nothrus anauniensis	10
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Nothridae	Nothrus	Nothrus palustris	8
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Nothridae	Nothrus	Nothrus pratensis	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Oppiidae	Berniniella	Berniniella bicarinata	3
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Oppiidae	Dissorhina	Dissorhina ornata	3
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Oppiidae	Kulievia	Kulievia paradecipiens	16
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Oppiidae	Multioppia	Multioppia glabra	8
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Oppiidae	Multioppia	Multioppia laniseta	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Oppiidae	Oppiella	Oppiella neerlandica	16
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Oppiidae	Oppiella	Oppiella neerlandica	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Oppiidae	Ramusella	Ramusella furcata	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Oppiidae	Rhinoppia	Rhinoppia media	6
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Oppiidae	Rhinoppia	Rhinoppia subpectinata	7
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Oribatulidae	Oribatula	Oribatula tibialis	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phenopelopidae	Eupelops	Eupelops acromios	4
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phenopelopidae	Eupelops	Eupelops caucasicus	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phenopelopidae	Eupelops	Eupelops occultus	5
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phenopelopidae	Eupelops	Eupelops plicatus	25
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phenopelopidae	Eupelops	Eupelops subuliger	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phenopelopidae	Eupelops	Eupelops torulosus	18
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phenopelopidae	Peloptulus	Peloptulus phaeonotus	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phthiracaridae	Atropacarus	Atropacarus phyllophorus	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phthiracaridae	Atropacarus	Atropacarus striculus	47
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phthiracaridae	Hoplophthiracarus	Hoplophthiracarus illinoisensis	3
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phthiracaridae	Phthiracarus	Phthiracarus ferrugineus	7
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phthiracaridae	Phthiracarus	Phthiracarus globosus	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phthiracaridae	Phthiracarus	Phthiracarus laevigatus	5
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phthiracaridae	Phthiracarus	Phthiracarus laevigatus	32
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phthiracaridae	Phthiracarus	Phthiracarus lentulus	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phthiracaridae	Phthiracarus	Phthiracarus ligneus	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phthiracaridae	Phthiracarus	Phthiracarus longulus	64
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phthiracaridae	Phthiracarus	Phthiracarus spadix	18
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phthiracaridae	Steganacarus	Steganacarus applicatus	4
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phthiracaridae	Steganacarus	Steganacarus carinatus	32
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Phthiracaridae	Steganacarus	Steganacarus spinosus	3
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Punctoribatidae	Minunthozetes	Minunthozetes pseudofusiger	3
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Punctoribatidae	Minunthozetes	Minunthozetes semirufus	10
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Punctoribatidae	Punctoribates	Punctoribates zachvatkini	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Quadroppiidae	Quadroppia	Quadroppia quadricarinata	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Scheloribatidae	Euscheloribates	Euscheloribates samsinaki	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Suctobelbidae	Kuklosuctobelba	Kuklosuctobelba tuberculata	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Suctobelbidae	Suctobelba	Suctobelba trigona	6
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Suctobelbidae	Suctobelbella	Suctobelbella alloenasuta	5
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Suctobelbidae	Suctobelbella	Suctobelbella palustris	2
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Suctobelbidae	Suctobelbella	Suctobelbella perpendiculata	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Suctobelbidae	Suctobelbella	Suctobelbella similis	5
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Suctobelbidae	Suctobelbella	Suctobelbella subcornigera	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Suctobelbidae	Suctobelbella	Suctobelbella subtrigona	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Tectocepheidae	Tectocepheus	Tectocepheus velatus	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Thyrisomidae	Banksinoma	Banksinoma lanceolata	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Trhypochthoniidae	Trhypochthonius	Trhypochthonius tectorum	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Xenillidae	Xenillus	Xenillus tegeocranus	1
Arthropoda	Arachnida	Sarcoptiformes	Zetorchestidae	Zetorchestes	Zetorchestes falzonii	8
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Blemus	Blemus discus	19
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Calosoma	Calosoma auropunctatum	4
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Calosoma	Calosoma denticolle	7
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Calosoma	Calosoma elegans	3
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Calosoma	Calosoma inquisitor	30
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Calosoma	Calosoma investigator	1
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Calosoma	Calosoma reticulatum	1
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Calosoma	Calosoma sycophanta	14
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Cicindela	Cicindela altaica	2
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Cicindela	Cicindela campestris	78
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Cicindela	Cicindela coerulea	2
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Cicindela	Cicindela granulata	4
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Cicindela	Cicindela hybrida	89
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Cicindela	Cicindela littoralis	3
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Cicindela	Cicindela maritima	4
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Cicindela	Cicindela nordmanni	7
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Cicindela	Cicindela sachalinensis	1
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Cicindela	Cicindela sahlbergii	2
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Cicindela	Cicindela soluta	9
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Cicindela	Cicindela sylvatica	47
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Cicindela	Cicindela sylvicola	53
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Cylindera	Cylindera arenaria	51
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Cylindera	Cylindera germanica	141
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Duvaliopsis	Duvaliopsis pilosella	17
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Duvalius	Duvalius corpulentus	25
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Duvalius	Duvalius microphthalmus	2
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Duvalius	Duvalius procerus	2
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Duvalius	Duvalius roubali	28
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Duvalius	Duvalius ruthenus	5
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Duvalius	Duvalius subterraneus	47
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Duvalius	Duvalius transcarpathicus	62
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Epaphius	Epaphius rivularis	4
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Epaphius	Epaphius secalis	43
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Lophyra	Lophyra flexuosa	5
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Omophron	Omophron limbatum	50
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Omophron	Omophron rotundatum	2
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Perileptus	Perileptus areolatus	22
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Thalassophilus	Thalassophilus longicornis	10
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechoblemus	Trechoblemus micros	13
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus alpicola	2
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus amplicollis	15
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus austriacus	2
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus cardioderus	2
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus carpaticus	19
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus fontinalis	39
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus latus	97
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus obtusus	1
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus ovatus	3
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus pilisensis	52
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus plicatulus	24
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus pseudomontanellus	35
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus pulchellus	41
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus pulpani	17
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus quadristriatus	101
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus rotundipennis	1
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus rubens	23
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus splendens	5
Arthropoda	Insecta	Coleoptera	Carabidae	Trechus	Trechus striatulus	113
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Brahmaeidae	Lemonia	Lemonia dumi	12
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Brahmaeidae	Lemonia	Lemonia taraxaci	6
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Drepanidae	Cilix	Cilix glaucata	12
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Drepanidae	Drepana	Drepana curvatula	8
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Drepanidae	Drepana	Drepana falcataria	18
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Drepanidae	Falcaria	Falcaria lacertinaria	8
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Drepanidae	Sabra	Sabra harpagula	6
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Drepanidae	Watsonalla	Watsonalla binaria	6
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Drepanidae	Watsonalla	Watsonalla cultraria	20
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Endromidae	Endromis	Endromis versicolora	28
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Arctia	Arctia caja	26
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Callimorpha	Callimorpha dominula	12
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Catocala	Catocala electa	7
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Catocala	Catocala elocata	8
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Catocala	Catocala fraxini	6
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Catocala	Catocala fulminea	6
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Catocala	Catocala nupta	11
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Catocala	Catocala promissa	9
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Catocala	Catocala sponsa	17
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Coscinia	Coscinia cribraria	2
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Coscinia	Coscinia striata	10
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Diacrisia	Diacrisia sannio	15
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Diaphora	Diaphora mendica	8
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Epatolmis	Epatolmis luctifera	1
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Epicallia	Epicallia villica	15
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Eucharia	Eucharia festiva	3
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Euplagia	Euplagia quadripunctaria	10
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Hyphoraia	Hyphoraia aulica	17
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Miltochrista	Miltochrista miniata	6
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Nudaria	Nudaria mundana	1
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Parasemia	Parasemia plantaginis	17
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Pericallia	Pericallia matronula	8
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Phragmatobia	Phragmatobia fuliginosa	6
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Rhyparia	Rhyparia purpurata	10
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Spilarctia	Spilarctia lutea	9
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Spilosoma	Spilosoma lubricipeda	7
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Spilosoma	Spilosoma urticae	2
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Tyria	Tyria jacobaeae	5
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Erebidae	Utetheisa	Utetheisa pulchella	1
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Lasiocampidae	Cosmotriche	Cosmotriche lobulina	1
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Lasiocampidae	Dendrolimus	Dendrolimus pini	12
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Lasiocampidae	Euthrix	Euthrix potatoria	5
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Lasiocampidae	Gastropacha	Gastropacha populifolia	8
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Lasiocampidae	Gastropacha	Gastropacha quercifolia	8
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Lasiocampidae	Lasiocampa	Lasiocampa quercus	9
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Lasiocampidae	Lasiocampa	Lasiocampa trifolii	5
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Lasiocampidae	Macrothylacia	Macrothylacia rubi	8
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Lasiocampidae	Odonestis	Odonestis pruni	14
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Lasiocampidae	Phyllodesma	Phyllodesma ilicifolia	1
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Lasiocampidae	Phyllodesma	Phyllodesma tremulifolia	3
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nolidae	Bena	Bena bicolorana	2
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nolidae	Pseudoips	Pseudoips prasinana	11
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Aglais	Aglais io	12
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Aglais	Aglais urticae	12
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Apatura	Apatura ilia	44
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Apatura	Apatura iris	10
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Araschnia	Araschnia levana	18
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Euphydryas	Euphydryas aurinia	10
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Euphydryas	Euphydryas maturna	5
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Ladoga	Ladoga camilla	14
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Limenitis	Limenitis populi	32
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Melitaea	Melitaea cinxia	5
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Melitaea	Melitaea didyma	19
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Melitaea	Melitaea phoebe	6
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Melitaea	Melitaea trivia	3
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Mellicta	Mellicta athalia	20
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Mellicta	Mellicta aurelia	3
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Neptis	Neptis rivularis	12
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Neptis	Neptis sappho	16
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Nymphalis	Nymphalis antiopa	5
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Nymphalis	Nymphalis polychloros	6
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Nymphalis	Nymphalis xanthomelas	5
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Polygonia	Polygonia c-album	12
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Polygonia	Polygonia vaualbum	1
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Vanessa	Vanessa atalanta	16
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Nymphalidae	Vanessa	Vanessa cardui	18
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Pieridae	Colias	Colias myrmidone	68
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Pieridae	Gonepteryx	Gonepteryx rhamni	5
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Saturniidae	Aglia	Aglia tau	8
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Saturniidae	Saturnia	Saturnia pavonia	16
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Saturniidae	Saturnia	Saturnia pyri	12
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Sphingidae	Acherontia	Acherontia atropos	4
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Sphingidae	Agrius	Agrius convolvuli	8
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Sphingidae	Deilephila	Deilephila elpenor	9
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Sphingidae	Deilephila	Deilephila porcellus	5
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Sphingidae	Hyles	Hyles euphorbiae	16
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Sphingidae	Hyles	Hyles gallii	6
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Sphingidae	Hyles	Hyles lineata	5
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Sphingidae	Hyles	Hyles vespertilio	1
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Sphingidae	Laothoe	Laothoe populi	7
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Sphingidae	Macroglossum	Macroglossum stellatarum	6
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Sphingidae	Mimas	Mimas tiliae	9
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Sphingidae	Proserpinus	Proserpinus proserpina	2
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Sphingidae	Smerinthus	Smerinthus planus	7
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Sphingidae	Sphinx	Sphinx ligustri	9
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Sphingidae	Sphinx	Sphinx pinastri	8
Arthropoda	Insecta	Lepidoptera	Thyrididae	Thyris	Thyris fenestrella	24
Nematoda	Chromadorea	Monhysterida	Monhysteridae	Tridentula	Tridentula palustris	1
Nematoda	Chromadorea	Plectida	Plectidae	Plectus	Plectus acuminatus	3
Nematoda	Chromadorea	Plectida	Plectidae	Plectus	Plectus decens	5
Nematoda	Chromadorea	Rhabditida	Cephalobidae	Acromoldavicus	Acromoldavicus skrjabini	1
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Aporcelaimidae	Makatinus	Makatinus aquaticus	9
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Aporcelaimidae	Makatinus	Makatinus ukrainicus	5
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Aporcelaimidae	Metaporcelaimus	Metaporcelaimus concinnus	6
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Aporcelaimidae	Metaporcelaimus	Metaporcelaimus declivicaudatus	5
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Aporcelaimidae	Metaporcelaimus	Metaporcelaimus ovogranulosus	7
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Aporcelaimidae	Metaporcelaimus	Metaporcelaimus petrophilus	4
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Aporcelaimidae	Metaporcelaimus	Metaporcelaimus romanicus	10
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Dorylaimidae	Crassolabium	Crassolabium neohimalum	5
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Longidoridae	Longidorus	Longidorus attenuatus	15
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Longidoridae	Longidorus	Longidorus caespiticola	22
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Longidoridae	Longidorus	Longidorus danuvii	32
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Longidoridae	Longidorus	Longidorus distinctus	13
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Longidoridae	Longidorus	Longidorus elongatus	13
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Longidoridae	Longidorus	Longidorus euonymus	17
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Longidoridae	Longidorus	Longidorus intermedius	18
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Longidoridae	Longidorus	Longidorus poessneckensis	12
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Longidoridae	Paralongidorus	Paralongidorus rex	12
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Longidoridae	Xiphinema	Xiphinema ifacolum	18
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Longidoridae	Xiphinema	Xiphinema taylori	6
Nematoda		Dorylaimida	Longidoridae	Xiphinema	Xiphinema vuittenezi	18
Nematoda		Mononchida	Anatonchidae	Anatonchus	Anatonchus siddiqii	5
Nematoda		Mononchida	Anatonchidae	Tigronchoides	Tigronchoides andrassyi	2
Nematoda		Mononchida	Cobbonchidae	Comiconchus	Comiconchus zduni	2
Nematoda		Mononchida	Mononchidae	Clarkus	Clarkus patricius	5
Nematoda		Mononchida	Mononchidae	Parkellus	Parkellus menzeli	2
Nematoda		Mononchida	Mononchidae	Parkellus	Parkellus zschokkei	3
Nematoda		Mononchida	Mononchidae	Prionchulus	Prionchulus fistulosus	20
Nematoda		Mononchida	Mononchidae	Prionchulus	Prionchulus hygrophilus	5
Nematoda		Mononchida	Mononchidae	Prionchulus	Prionchulus kamchaticus	2
Nematoda		Mononchida	Mononchidae	Prionchulus	Prionchulus polonicus	1
Nematoda		Mononchida	Mononchidae	Prionchulus	Prionchulus pseudolongus	2
Nematoda		Mononchida	Mylonchulidae	Paramylonchulus	Paramylonchulus japonicus	4
Nematoda		Triplonchida	Tripylidae	Tripyla	Tripyla glomerans	2

Figure 4.

Taxonomic structure of invertebrates represented in the dataset.

In the dataset, the phylum Arthropoda is the most diverse both in sense of taxonomy and represented occurrence records (3348 records or 91.5% of the total number of records). It includes holo- and paratypes of Trechus pseudomontanellus (35 specimens and respective occurrence records), Duvalius transcarpathicus (2 specimens) and Duvalius werchratskii (1 specimen). There are also occurrence records about 11 species endemic to the Carpathians (Duvaliopsis pilosella, Duvalius corpulentus, D. roubali, D. ruthenus, D. subterraneus, D. transcarpathicus, Trechus carpaticus, T. fontinalis, T. latus, T. plicatulus and T. pseudomontanellus). Finally, it includes information about the reference collection of oribatid mites typical and the oldest known collection of Lepidoptera for the western part of Ukraine.

The phylum Nematoda is less represented in the dataset by the number of records (312 records or 8.5% of the total number of records). However, the provided data on the phylum Nematoda are extremely important since they represent holo- and paratypes of 15 species described from Ukraine, Poland and Russia – Anatonchus siddiqii (5 microscopic slides and respective occurence records), Clarkus patricius (5 slides), Comiconchus zduni (2 slides), Makatinus ukrainicus (5 slides), Metaporcelaimus concinnus (6 slides), M. declivicaudatus (5 slides), M. petrophilus (4 slides), Mylonchulus politus Susulovsky, 2000 (4 slides), Prionchulus fistulosus (20 slides), P. hygrophilus (5 slides), P. kamchaticus (2 slides), P. polonicus (1 slide), P. pseudolongus (2 slides), Tigronchoides andrassyi (2 slides) and Tridentulus palustris (1 slide). Most other microscopic slides of nematodes cited in the dataset, contain the materials of re-descriptions serving as the basis for the contemporary taxonomic understanding of such species as Acromoldavicus skrjabini (1 slide), Longidorus intermedius (18 slides), Makatinus aquaticus (9 slides), Metaporcelaimus romanicus (10 slides), M. ovogranulosus (7 slides), Parkellus menzeli (3 slides), P. zschokkei (3 slides), Plectus acuminatus (3 slides) and P. decens (5 slides). For six species, i.e. Longidorus caespiticola (22 slides), L. danuvii (32 slides), L. poessneckensis (12 slides), Paralongidorus rex (11 slides), Prionchulus fistulosus (20 slides) and Xiphinema ifacolum (18 slides), the digitised material includes complete cycles of post-embryonic development, which is important for the taxonomy and phylogeny of nematodes.

Traits coverage

Temporal coverage

Notes:

The general temporal coverage of the dataset is 1867-2017 (Fig. 5). Most of Coleoptera (i.e. Carabidae) specimens were collected in 1975-2006. Most of Lepidoptera specimens were collected in 1903-1940. Most of Sarcoptiformes (i.e. Oribatida) specimens were collected in 1974-1988. Most of Nematoda specimens were collected in 2013-2017.

Figure 5.

The temporal coverage of the dataset by years.

Collection data

Collection name:

Invertebrates of SMNH NASU

Collection identifier:

https://ror.org/019qyzj84

Specimen preservation method:

dried, pinned, formalin, alcohol, glycerine, microscopic preparation

Curatorial unit:

188,000 +/- 1,000 specimens

Usage licence

Usage licence:

Other

IP rights notes:

Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)

Data resources

Data package title:

SMNH NASU Invertebrates collection

Resource link:

https://doi.org/10.15468/ugtaz7

Alternative identifiers:

https://www.gbif.org/dataset/bdc8cabb-98c5-460b-8173-a7d3fa7b7b19

Number of data sets:

Data set name:

SMNH NASU Invertebrates collection

Character set:

UTF-8

Download URL:

https://doi.org/10.15468/ugtaz7

Data format:

DarwinCore

Description:

The tab-delimited TSV-formatted dataset was created following the DarwinCore standard. It contains 3,660 occurrence records on the digitised specimens of invertebrates deposited in the SMNH NASU (Rizun et al. 2024). This dataset will be dynamically updated with new data along with digitisation and data mobilisation progress.

Column label	Column description
institutionCode	The acronym in use by the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record. In our case, it is SMNH NASU.
institutionID	An identifier for the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record. In our case, it is ROR identifier.
basisOfRecord	The specific nature of the data record, for example, preserved specimen or field observation.
occurrenceID	An unique identifier for the Occurrence. In our case, it is UUID ver. 4.
catalogNumber	An identifier for the record within the collection.
verbatimScientificName	A string representing the taxonomic identification as it appeared in the original record.
scientificName	The full scientific name of the taxon including the genus name and specific epithet.
taxonRank	The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName.
kingdom	The full scientific name of the kingdom in which taxon is classified.
phylum	The full scientific name of the phylum in which taxon is classified.
class	The full scientific name of the class in which taxon is classified.
order	The full scientific name of the order in which taxon is classified.
family	The full scientific name of the family in which taxon is classified.
genus	The full scientific name of the genus in which taxon is classified.
recordedBy	A person, group or organisation responsible for recording the original Occurrence.
verbatimEventDate	The date of record as it appears in the original publication or specimen label.
eventDate	The date during which an event (e.g. collection of the specimen, photographing of the plant or its registering in the field in any other way), occurred.
countryCode	The standard code (ISO 3166-1-alpha-2) for the country in which the locality occurs.
country	The name of the country in which the locality occurs.
language	The language of data representation for the occurrence record.
locality	The specific description of the place where the specimen was registered or collected.
habitat	The description of the habitat where the specimen was collected or observed.
minimumElevationInMetres	The lower limit of the range of elevation (altitude, usually above sea level), in metres.
maximumElevationInMetres	The upper limit of the range of elevation (altitude, usually above sea level), in metres.
geodeticDatum	The ellipsoid, geodetic datum or spatial reference system (SRS), upon which the geographic coordinates given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude are based. In our case, it is WGS84.
decimalLatitude	The geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic centre of a locality.
decimalLongitude	The geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic centre of a locality.
coordinateUncertaintyInMetres	The horizontal distance (in metres) from the given decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude describing the smallest circle containing the whole of the locality.
identifiedBy	A list of names of people who assigned the taxon to the subject.

Additional information

Summary

Despite the minute progress in the digitisation of the SMNH NASU funds (only 11% of invertebrate specimens were digitised and only 2% were published in GBIF), the current activity offers the hope. Over the past five years, there has been an intensification of the digitisation of SMNH NASU collections. If in 2019, the DCBU contained only about 7,000 records on invertebrates, today this database already contains over 20,000 records. Moreover, in 2023, SMNH NASU officially became the GBIF publisher and, since that time, published 12 datasets with ca. 26,000 records. Of this number, about 21,000 records concern herbarium entries and are not limited to collections stored directly in the SMNH NASU (some records concern the information gathered from other herbaria and data parsed from the publications). In this sense, the mobilisation of zoological data lags significantly, which is primarily due to the peculiarities and difficulties of digitising zoological specimens. The lack of experience in data mobilisation and publication in the GBIF also played a significant role in such a lag in the zoological data. However, given the current pace and volume of the SMNH NASU invertebrate collection, in the case of sufficient financial support, it can be fully digitised and presented at the GBIF within the next 10 years.

The current dataset which, at the moment, represents only a small part of the entire SMNH NASU invertebrate collection, will serve as a proxy point to access this virtual collection and will be updated along the digitisation progress. The current digitisation of the SMNH NASU invertebrate collection is focused on the red priority group, limited by the fauna of Ukraine. This group is the most valuable and requires urgent digitisation, since its loss in the case of hostilities will leave an irrevocable legacy. Specimens collected from other countries are out of current digitisation plans and will be digitised only occasionally or on request. The next digitisation round (2025–2030) will involve the specimens belonging to the yellow priority group. The specimens of the green priority group and specimens from othe countries will be digitised in the last digitisation round (2030-2035).

Besides the mentioned plans, we will gladly consider requests for prioritised digitisation from scientists worldwide. We believe that it is most important to digitise those materials that are urgently needed for research purposes. Therefore, please direct your requests to the collection curators, i.e. Coleoptera and other invertebrates - Volodymyr Rizun (novikoffav@gmail.com), Lepidoptera - Kateryna Hushtan (katrinantonyuk@gmail.com), Arachnida - Habriel Hushtan (habrielhushtan@gmail.com) and Nematoda - Andrii Susulovsky (susulovsky@gmail.com).

Acknowledgements

This paper has been prepared as part of the project “Digitisation of natural history collections damaged as a result of hostilities and related factors: development of protocols and implementation on the basis of the State Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine” (Nr 2022.01/0013), financed by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine in the grant programme “Science for the Recovery of Ukraine in the War and Post-War Periods”.

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Supplementary material

Endnotes