Biodiversity Data Journal : Research Article
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Research Article
Overview of myrmecological studies and a checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of the Democratic Republic of Congo
expand article infoHervé Ambakina‡, Kiko Gómez Abal§, Benoit Guénard|, Jean-Claude Monzenga, Evan P. Economo#, Wouter Dekoninck¤
‡ Institut Facultaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Yangambi. Laboratoire d’Entomologie Appliquée et Fonctionnelle (LENAF), Yangambi, Congo
§ Independent Researcher, Garraf, Barcelona, Spain
| School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
¶ IFA-YBI, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
# Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Kunigamigun, Okinawa, Japan
¤ Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
Corresponding author: Wouter Dekoninck (wdekoninck@naturalsciences.be)
Academic editor: Sebastian Salata
Received: 23 Jul 2024 | Accepted: 26 Sep 2024 | Published: 18 Oct 2024
© 2024 Hervé Ambakina, Kiko Gómez Abal, Benoit Guénard, Jean-Claude Monzenga, Evan Economo, Wouter Dekoninck
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Ambakina H, Gómez Abal K, Guénard B, Monzenga J-C, Economo EP, Dekoninck W (2024) Overview of myrmecological studies and a checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Biodiversity Data Journal 12: e132915. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e132915
 Open Access

Abstract

The production of species checklists is fundamental to setting baseline knowledge of biodiversity across the world and they are invaluable for global conservation efforts. The main objective of this study is to provide an up-to-date extensive checklist of the ants of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the largest country in sub-Saharan Africa, based on available literature to serve as a foundation for future research and ant faunistic developments. We gathered the literature available to us, most of it compiled from the Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics (GABI) Project and treated the data to province level when possible. We also offer insight into who, when and where contributions have emerged to the current knowledge of the ants of the DRC and each of its 26 provinces. The current list is restricted to valid species and subspecies, discarding morphospecies and some misidentified taxa. The list comprises eight subfamilies, 64 genera and 736 species, the highest species diversity for a country located within the Afrotropical realm.

Keywords

Formicidae, annotated list, distribution, Tropical Central Africa, Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics, species list

Introduction

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is the largest country in sub-Saharan Africa, ranking 11th in the world. Its size is comparable to western Europe with a surface of 2.3 million km2. It is divided into 26 provinces, ranging in size from Kasaï Oriental (9,481 km2) to Tshopo (199,567 km2). More than half of the country is covered by rainforest, representing the second largest forest massif globally after the Amazon (Nshimba 2008) with more than 1.08 million km2 (Devers 2007) and hosting a high level of botanical diversity with a total of 970 species of trees identified (Nshimba 2008, Ambakina 2022). DRC forests range from dense forests (semiper, semi-evergreen, swamp and secondary) to open forests (Zambezian and Sudanian), representing 47% of African forests (Achille et al. 2021, Alongo et al. 2022). Its ecological diversity also includes central river basins, wooded savannah, grassy savannah and mountain vegetation in the east, from Mayumbe to the south-west (Van Wambeke et al. 1956).

Some of this exceptional diversity is protected under different entities (Suppl. material 1, Fig. 1) with 13.9% of the total surface of DRC protected in 2022 (World Bank Data).

Figure 1.  

Protected areas in DRC. Prepared by the authors, based on data from UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2024).

These forests are, however, under threat. From 2001 to 2022, DRC lost 0.184 M km2 of tree cover, of which one third (0.06 M km2) was primary rainforest (Global Forest Watch 2024), equivalent to a 9.2% decrease. This represents 4% of the world’s total loss.

Afrotropical ant taxonomy is in a very weak state and the majority of the most diverse genera have never been revised (Robertson 2000, Gómez et al. 2023). This deeply affects our understanding of ant diversity, as most species are not being properly identified and are listed as morphospecies in most publications. The estimated number of ant species present in the Afrotropical Region is expected to double its current numbers (Robertson 2000). The DRC is expected to have a highly diverse ant fauna. Global assessments on the unknown diversity for the region cite DRC as one of the 25 world regions with the greatest hidden diversity measured in number of not yet found genera (Guénard et al. 2012). The mountainous North-East of the country has also been predicted as unexplored ant rarity centres that shall be revealed with future sampling (Kass et al. 2022).

With this in mind, the main objective of this work is to establish the current knowledge of the ants of the DRC at a provincial scale to help further ant research and stimulate researchers to mitigate the existing gap in ant diversity and taxonomy in the region.

Material and methods

The present list is based on published records only. The main source of information is the extensive Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics (GABI) database (Guénard et al. 2017). As of February 2024, the Afrotropical database compiles 39,232 records of which 4,858 are from DRC. We filtered the records for identified valid species and discarded any records of morphospecies due to the lack of nomenclatural uniformity amongst the different collections. Hence, again, the numbers presented here should be taken with caution, especially for the genera that have never been revised, while, due to the limited sampling efforts conducted around the country, the true ant diversity is probably underestimated. Records have been individually refined to province level whenever the available information has made it possible. Distribution for each species is offered by province, except for the species that were cited only to country level.

Endemicity was assessed with the full Afrotropical database, covering species for each country at province level. Thus, we consider a taxon as “endemic” to the DRC when we could not find any other citation for that particular taxon in any other country. Assessing endemism in the Afrotropics, though, is a fraught exercise due to the generalised lack of sampling and poor taxonomy state in the region (Gómez et al. 2023) and should be interpreted with caution.

Codes used for provinces are the ISO 3166-2 without the country designator (e.g. TO instead of CD-TO). These are: BC: Kongo Central, BU: Bas-Uelé, EQ: Equateur, HK: Haut-Katanga, HL: Haut-Lomami, HU: Haut-Uelé, IT: Ituri, KC: Kasai Central, KE: Kasai Oriental, KG: Kwango, KL: Kwilu, KN: Kinshasa, KS: Kasai, LO: Lomami, LU: Lualaba, MA: Maniema, MN: Mai-Ndombe, MO: Mongala, NK: Nord-Kivu, NU: Nord-Ubangi, SA: Sankuru, SK: Sud-Kivu, SU: Sud-Ubangi, TA: Tanganyika, TO: Tshopo, TU: Tshuapa.

Entomological collections cited: CASC: California Academy of Sciences, California, USA. KGAC: Kiko Gómez Abal Collection, Spain. MRAC: Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium. RBINS: Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium. UCDC: R.M. Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California Davis, California, USA.

Data analysis was performed in R (v. 4.2.3, R CORE TEAM (2023)) to filter, homogenise and summarise the information. Packages used were ggbreak (Xu et al. 2021), ggplot2 (Wickham 2016), ggspatial (Dunnington 2023) and sf (Pebesma and Bivand 2023) for charting and mapping; and googlesheets4 (Bryan 2023), stringr (Wickhan 2022), stringi (Gagolewski 2022), tidyverse (Wickham et al. 2019) and writexl (Ooms 2023) for data analysis. Nomenclature is up to date following Bolton (Bolton 2023).

Data resources

Sampling effort was assessed with the digitised collections available online (AntWeb, Antmaps), two Belgian Federal Institute collections (MRAC, RBINS) and one private collection (KGAC). The total number of records including identified and not identified samples exceeds 98,000 for the Afrotropical Region, 3,088 collected in DRC. We must emphasise that these data were used only to analyse sampling effort and not the species list, which is based on published records.

Results

The number of recorded ant species and subspecies by genus and subfamily for the DRC, as well as their status within the Afrotropical realm is presented in Table 1. In total, eight subfamilies, 64 genera and 736 species, include 156 endemic were reported in the literature from the DRC.

Table 1.
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DRC number of ant species and subspecies by subfamily and genus, with their number of species considered as endemic or exotic.

Subfamily

Genus

Species

Subspecies

Total

Endemic

Exotic

APOMYRMINAE

Apomyrma

1

1

Total

1

1

DOLICHODERINAE

Axinidris

2

2

Tapinoma

2

1

3

Technomyrmex

15

15

1

Total

19

1

20

1

DORYLINAE

Aenictogiton

7

7

6

Aenictus

6

3

9

4

Dorylus

32

27

59

17

Lioponera

2

2

Parasyscia

3

3

Simopone

7

7

1

Vicinopone

1

1

Zasphinctus

1

1

Total

59

30

89

28

FORMICINAE

Anoplolepis

5

5

Aphomomyrmex

1

1

Camponotus

54

38

92

25

Lepisiota

19

9

28

12

Nylanderia

4

4

1

Oecophylla

1

5

6

1

Paraparatrechina

3

3

Paratrechina

1

1

1

Plagiolepis

3

3

1

Polyrhachis

30

30

2

Santschiella

1

1

Total

122

52

174

42

1

MYRMICINAE

Atopomyrmex

2

2

Bondroitia

1

1

Calyptomyrmex

7

7

Cardiocondyla

2

2

Carebara

12

4

16

10

Cataulacus

24

24

3

Crematogaster

39

63

102

38

Cyphoidris

1

1

Dicroaspis

2

2

Melissotarsus

2

2

Meranoplus

4

4

Microdaceton

1

1

Monomorium

20

20

2

1

Myrmicaria

9

11

20

5

Nesomyrmex

3

3

Pheidole

24

23

47

7

Pristomyrmex

3

3

Solenopsis

2

3

5

2

1

Strumigenys

33

33

3

Syllophopsis

1

1

Tetramorium

59

59

7

Trichomyrmex

4

4

1

1

Total

255

104

359

78

3

PONERINAE

Anochetus

8

8

Bothroponera

6

6

Brachyponera

1

1

Centromyrmex

7

7

1

Euponera

2

2

Hypoponera

8

8

Leptogenys

12

12

4

Loboponera

3

3

Megaponera

1

2

3

Mesoponera

4

4

Odontomachus

2

2

Paltothyreus

1

1

2

Parvaponera

1

1

Phrynoponera

3

3

Platythyrea

8

8

Plectroctena

7

7

1

Psalidomyrmex

3

3

Total

76

4

80

6

PROCERATIINAE

Discothyrea

4

4

1

Total

4

4

1

PSEUDOMYRMECINAE

Tetraponera

9

9

Total

9

9

Global

545

191

736

156

4

DRC is the African country with the highest number of recorded ant species (n = 736, Table 1). Species richness percentages by subfamily are similar to those of the Afrotropical Region (AntWeb, visited March 2024), with about half (48.9% vs. 52% for the realm) of the species in the Myrmicinae, followed by Formicinae (23.6% vs. 22%), Dorylinae (12.1% vs. 8%) and Ponerinae (10.9% vs. 11%), with these four subfamilies totalling around 95% of the species diversity recorded so far. Dolichoderinae (2.7%, 20 species) is the next in the list, with the other three subfamilies, Pseudomyrmecinae, Proceratiinae and Apomyrminae, being rather species-poor with nine, four and one species, respectively.

One in four of the records from DRC is a subspecies (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3), implying that their status has not been revised in modern times. Almost half of DRC diversity belongs to the five most diverse genera (Fig. 2). Of these five, only one (Tetramorium) has been revised (Bolton 1976, Bolton 1980, Bolton 1986, Hita Garcia et al. 2010, Hita Garcia and Fisher 2011, Hita Garcia and Fisher 2012, Hita Garcia and Fisher 2013, Hita Garcia and Fisher 2014, Mbanyana 2013, Mbanyana et al. 2018). However, despite these revisions, most of the genus still requires a lot of study, with likely 300+ additional undescribed species (Hita Garcia, pers. com.) Three genera (Camponotus, Dorylus, Pheidole) have more or less as many species as subspecies, while, in Crematogaster, two out of three named forms are subspecies. They include four-fifths of the subspecies known for the country. In these four genera, the more recently described species (Pheidole christinae, P. glabrella and P. setosa) belong to the recently-revised Pheidole pulchella group (Fischer et al. 2012). Additionally, Dorylus niarembensis (van Boven 1972) is described from a single queen. All the other species were described before 1945.

Figure 2.  

Ant species and subspecies proportion in DRC fauna.

Figure 3.  

Ant species richness by province in DRC.

Current diversity by province (Fig. 3) shows that most of the territory remains unexplored, with some provinces covered in dense rainforest, such as Tshuapa with only nine species cited.

Knowledge timeline of DRC ants also reflects the lack of recent scientific activity (Fig. 4). Wheeler’s works (Wheeler 1922a, Wheeler 1922b) can be considered as one of the major achievements in the history of myrmecology, particularly in DRC, adding 107 new occurrences to the country. These two publications, now published over a century ago, provide records for 624 occurrences in the country or more than one quarter of all the published occurrences for the DRC (2,305). Its significance in the Afrotropical myrmecology is hard to comprehend, as it cites a total of 2,863 occurrences for the current amount of 22,872, so more than 10% of the existing records of ants in the Afrotropical Region available in the literature. It also summarises all the available taxonomical knowledge and distribution data up to 1922, describing 59 new species and subspecies, including 39 in DRC.

Figure 4.  

Accumulated ant species recorded in literature in DRC per year (1895-2024).

Most of the ant diversity was already cited by 1950, with circa 600 species and almost all of it due to the efforts of early taxonomists: Forel, Santschi and Wheeler (Fig. 5).

Figure 5.  

Number of ant species newly recorded in DRC, listed by author and year. References contributing to the addition of 10 or more species are highlighted.

In modern times (1970 to present), we ascertain that only 98 publications offer some data on the ant fauna of DRC, almost all of them in global taxonomic reviews, based almost completely on the collections stored in MRAC and RBINS. Only two publications are based on recent DRC sampling: Yamagiwa et al. (1991) deals with the stomach content of gorillas and Van De Perre et al. (2018) offers the results of collecting ants by hand in the Yangambi Forest in the context of a more general biodiversity assessment, citing 41 species and 23 morphospecies. It is also worth noting that the latest main publication (Bolton 2000) adding more than 10 newly-recorded species in DRC, dates back to nearly a quarter of a century.

The same analysis by province offers interesting insights (Figs 6, 7). The two provinces that form the “entrance gate” to the country by the Atlantic Ocean (Kinshasa and Congo Central) were the first sampled and early authors such as Santschi, Forel and Emery described most of their known diversity. The Provinces of Haut-Uelé and Tshopo were the main hunting grounds in the Wheeler expedition.

Figure 6.  

Ant species accumulation of newly-recorded species by year and province. The five most diverse provinces are highlighted.

Figure 7.  

Number of new ant citations by reference and year for the five most diverse provinces.

A special case is the Ituri Province, where most of the diversity has been added by Barry Bolton since the 1980s. To understand this fact, we must explore the museum's material available. The main source for the Bolton (and subsequent authors) published taxonomic revisions comes from the field trips made more than one hundred years ago up to the 1930s (Bequaert, Burgeon, Collart, Mayné, Schouteden) or in the 1950s in the North-East of the country mostly by Belgian biologists, mainly in Ituri, Nord-Kivu and Sud-Kivu (Célis, Kekenbosch, Leach, Leleup, Ross, Saeger, Synave, van Boven, Vanschuytbroeck). Most of these collections are stored in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels (RBINS) and the Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren (MRAC), both in Belgium. Less than 10% of these collections have been databased and, upon examination, comprise an estimate of at least 50,000 pins which are now being identified by the authors. The only exceptions to this rule are the specimens present in the CASC collected by Torti in 1995 in Epulu (Ituri), with 178 specimens and those present at UCDC from Wamba (Kwilu) collected by Heydon in 2006 and by Chapman in 2008 with a total of 51 specimens (Fig. 8).

Figure 8.  

Available DRC ant material in digitised collections. Sources and years for collections including more than 50 specimens are highlighted.

Collecting sites can be approximated by the data in AntWeb.org, the largest repository of ant collection data on the internet. It holds data for 2,454 DRC specimens, of which 2,166 (88%) come from the collections at RBINS and MRAC from the 1920s to 1950s. More strikingly, Fig. 9 shows the large void existing in the DRC rainforest, with virtually no collections over an area of 450,000 km2, a size comparable to Spain or France in Europe, Cameroon or Ghana and Ivory Coast combined in Africa and one of the most diverse forests in the world.

Figure 9.  

DRC collecting locations stored in AntWeb.org. (Accessed: March 2024).

Species List

We have listed as NP (not present) four species that have been cited in the country, but represent obvious misidentifications dating back from more than 100 years ago: Odontomachus haematodus (Linnaeus, 1758), native to South America; Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius, 1775) from Asia, probably misidentified for Oecophylla longinoda (Latreille, 1802); Tetramorium decem Forel, 1913 has been re-identified as Tetramorium venator, Hita Garcia 2014 (Hita Garcia & Fisher 2014), except for the citation from Aba-Juba in Haut Uele Province (Weber 1952b), which we discard until the material can be seen; and Tetramorium kelleri Forel, 1887 native to Madagascar (Table 2).

Table 2.
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Ant species cited for DRC, but discarded in the current list (NP = Not Present, DB = Dubious).

Species

Status

Provinces

Reference

Bothroponera crassa (Emery, 1877)

DB

BC

Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Finzi (1939)

Odontomachus haematodus (Linnaeus, 1758)

NP

BC, BU, HU, KN, SU, TO

Forel (1909), Stitz (1910), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Prins (1964)

Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius, 1775)

NP

HL

Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b)

Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander, 1846) DB - Wetterer (2009)
Tetramorium decem Forel, 1913 NP HU Weber (1952b), rest of cited material re-identified as T. venator in Hita Garcia and Fisher (2014)

Tetramorium kelleri Forel, 1887

NP

SK

Santschi (1924a)

Two species are listed under DB (dubious). Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander, 1846), cited for the country (Wetterer 2009), is cited as DB as no record for the Afrotropical Region has been properly identified, except for some in southern Africa (Francisco Hita García, pers. comm.). Bothroponera crassa (Emery, 1877) belongs to a recently revised group and its presence could not be confirmed.

The current list, as we understand it and based on published data, comprises eight subfamilies, 64 genera and 736 species (Table 3, Suppl. material 1)

Table 3.
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Ant species cited for DRC.

Subfamily Genus Species Notes Provinces Reference
Apomyrminae Apomyrma Apomyrma stygia Brown, Gotwald & Levieux, 1971 KL Boudinot (2015)
Dolichoderinae Axinidris Axinidris denticulata (Wheeler, 1922) EQ, NK, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Shattuck (1991), Shattuck (1994), Snelling (2007)
Dolichoderinae Axinidris Axinidris hypoclinoides (Santschi, 1919) TO Santschi (1919c), Wheeler (1922b), Shattuck (1994), Bolton (2007), Snelling (2007)
Dolichoderinae Tapinoma Tapinoma luridum Emery, 1908 SA Emery (1908), Wheeler (1922b), Shattuck (1994)
Dolichoderinae Tapinoma Tapinoma luridum longiceps Wheeler, 1922 NU, SU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Baroni Urbani (1977), Shattuck (1994), Braet and Taylor (2008)
Dolichoderinae Tapinoma Tapinoma schultzei (Forel, 1910) TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Shattuck (1994)
Dolichoderinae Technomyrmex Technomyrmex albipes (Smith, 1861) BC, KN Santschi (1910), Wheeler (1922b)
Dolichoderinae Technomyrmex Technomyrmex andrei Emery, 1899 BU, HU, IT, KN, MA, NK, TO Forel (1916), Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1930a), Baroni Urbani (1977), Shattuck (1994), Bolton (2007), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Dolichoderinae Technomyrmex Technomyrmex camerunensis Emery, 1899 KN Emery (1899)
Dolichoderinae Technomyrmex Technomyrmex ilgi (Forel, 1910) KL Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Dolichoderinae Technomyrmex Technomyrmex lasiops Bolton, 2007 IT Bolton (2007)
Dolichoderinae Technomyrmex Technomyrmex laurenti (Emery, 1899) BU, IT, MA, TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Shattuck (1994), Bolton (2007), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Dolichoderinae Technomyrmex Technomyrmex lujae (Forel, 1905) BU, EQ, KL, KS, SA, TO Forel (1905), Forel (1911b), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1926a), Santschi (1930a), Baroni Urbani (1977), Shattuck (1994), Bolton (2007), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Dolichoderinae Technomyrmex Technomyrmex metandrei Bolton, 2007 IT Bolton (2007)
Dolichoderinae Technomyrmex Technomyrmex moerens Santschi, 1913 BC, IT, KN, KS, MN, TO Wheeler (1922b), Karavaiev (1926), Santschi (1930a), Weber (1943), Baroni Urbani (1977), Shattuck (1994), Bolton (2007), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Dolichoderinae Technomyrmex Technomyrmex nigriventris Santschi, 1910 BC, KN, KS Forel (1909), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1930a)
Dolichoderinae Technomyrmex Technomyrmex pallipes (Smith, 1876) KS Santschi (1930a), Baroni Urbani (1977), Shattuck (1994), Bolton (2007)
Dolichoderinae Technomyrmex Technomyrmex parviflavus Bolton, 2007 IT Bolton (2007)
Dolichoderinae Technomyrmex Technomyrmex rusticus Santschi, 1930 Endemic MN Santschi (1930a), Baroni Urbani (1977), Shattuck (1994), Bolton (2007)
Dolichoderinae Technomyrmex Technomyrmex schoutedeni Forel, 1910 SA, TO Forel (1910b), Emery (1913), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Baroni Urbani (1977), Shattuck (1994), Bolton (2007)
Dolichoderinae Technomyrmex Technomyrmex senex Bolton, 2007 MA Bolton (2007)
Dorylinae Aenictogiton Aenictogiton attenuatus Santschi, 1919 Endemic HK, HL Santschi (1919b), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924a), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Aenictogiton Aenictogiton bequaerti Forel, 1913 Endemic HK, HL Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Aenictogiton Aenictogiton elongatus Santschi, 1919 Endemic BC Santschi (1919b), Wheeler (1922b), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Aenictogiton Aenictogiton emeryi Forel, 1913 Endemic HK, TA Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924a), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Aenictogiton Aenictogiton fossiceps Emery, 1901 - Emery (1901), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Aenictogiton Aenictogiton schoutedeni Santschi, 1924 Endemic KS Santschi (1924a), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Aenictogiton Aenictogiton sulcatus Santschi, 1919 Endemic TA Santschi (1919b), Wheeler (1922b), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Aenictus Aenictus alluaudi falcifer Santschi, 1924 Endemic IT, NK Santschi (1924a), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Aenictus Aenictus buttgenbachi Forel, 1913 HK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Aenictus Aenictus congolensis Santschi, 1911 BC Baroni Urbani (1977)
Dorylinae Aenictus Aenictus eugenii Emery, 1895 BC, HK, NK, SK Santschi (1924a), Gotwald and Cunningham-Van Someren (1976), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016), Gómez (2022)
Dorylinae Aenictus Aenictus fuscovarius Gerstäcker, 1859 HK Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924a)
Dorylinae Aenictus Aenictus moebii sankisianus Forel, 1913 Endemic HK, HL Forel (1913a), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Aenictus Aenictus raptor Forel, 1913 Endemic HK Forel (1913a), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Aenictus Aenictus soudanicus brunneus Forel, 1913 Endemic HK, HL Forel (1913a), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Aenictus Aenictus weissi Santschi, 1910 IT, NU Santschi (1910), Wheeler (1922b), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016) Gómez (2022)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus acutus Santschi, 1937 Endemic - Santschi (1939), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus affinis Shuckard, 1840 BC, KN, SA Forel (1909), Forel (1911b), Arnold (1915), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus aggressor Santschi, 1923 Endemic KC Santschi (1923), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus alluaudi lobatus Santschi, 1919 Endemic EQ, LO Santschi (1919b), Wheeler (1922b), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus atratus Smith, 1859 BC, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus atriceps Shuckard, 1840 BC, HU, TO Forel (1909), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus attenuatus latinodis Forel, 1920 Endemic TO Forel (1920), Wheeler (1922b), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus attenuatus Shuckard, 1840 BC, HK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1939)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus bequaerti Forel, 1913 BC, HK, HL, SU Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus braunsi Emery, 1895 BC, KN Emery (1895), Santschi (1910), Wheeler (1922b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus brevipennis marshalli Emery, 1901 HU Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus brevipennis zimmermanni Santschi, 1910 - Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus brevis Santschi, 1919 Endemic MN Santschi (1919b), Wheeler (1922b), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus congolensis Santschi, 1910 BC, KN Santschi (1910), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus conradti Emery, 1895 HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus depilis clarior Santschi, 1917 SU Santschi (1915), Wheeler (1922b), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus depilis Emery, 1895 BC, BU, HK, HL, HU, KL, LU, MA, MO, SA, TO Forel (1909), Forel (1911b), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus depilis ugandensis Santschi, 1914 HU Santschi (1923)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus emeryi Mayr, 1896 - Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus emeryi opacus Forel, 1909 BC, HU Forel (1909), Emery (1910), Forel (1913c), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus fimbriatus (Shuckard, 1840) HK, SA Forel (1909), Wheeler (1922b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus fulvus badius Gerstäcker, 1859 BC, KS, MA, NK, SA Stitz (1911), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935b), Prins (1963)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus fulvus dentifrons Wasmann, 1904 IT, SA, TO Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923), Santschi (1931), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus fulvus obscurior Wheeler, 1925 HU, SK, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus funereus acherontus Santschi, 1937 EQ Santschi (1937b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus funereus Emery, 1895 BC, EQ, HU, KS, MN, SA, TO Forel (1909), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus funereus pardus Santschi, 1937 Endemic TO Santschi (1937b), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus funereus stygis Santschi, 1937 HK Santschi (1937b), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus gaudens Santschi, 1919 Endemic IT Santschi (1919b), Wheeler (1922b), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus gribodoi Emery, 1892 KS, SA Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus helvolus (Linnaeus, 1764) HK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Prins (1963)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus katanensis Stitz, 1911 Endemic NK Wheeler (1922b), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus kohli chapini Wheeler, 1922 Endemic TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus kohli frenisyi Forel, 1916 Endemic - Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus kohli indocilis Santschi, 1933 Endemic MN Santschi (1933), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus kohli langi Wheeler, 1922 Endemic BC Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus kohli militaris Santschi, 1923 Endemic MO, TO Santschi (1923), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus kohli Wasmann, 1904 BC, BU, HU, SA, TO

Santschi (1921), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1933), van Boven (1968), Baroni Urbani (1977), Schöning et al. (2008), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus mandibularis pulchellus Santschi, 1920 BC, KN, SA, TO Wheeler (1922b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus moestus claripennis Santschi, 1919 HK, KG, KS Santschi (1919b), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus moestus Emery, 1895 BC, BU, KN, MO, SA, TO Forel (1909), Forel (1913c), Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Santschi (1923), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus niarembensis (van Boven, 1972) Endemic IT van Boven (1972), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus nigricans arcens (Westwood, 1847) HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus nigricans burmeisteri (Shuckard, 1840) BC, EQ, SU, TO Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus nigricans Illiger, 1802 BC, HK, KN, SU, TA Forel (1909), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus nigricans molestus (Gerstäcker, 1859) NK Stitz (1911), Wheeler (1922b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus nigricans rubellus (Savage, 1849) BC, TO Forel (1911b), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus nigricans sjostedti Emery, 1899 HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus nigricans terrificus Santschi, 1923 SA, SK Santschi (1923), van Boven (1967a), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus politus Emery, 1901 BC, MN Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1933)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus savagei Emery, 1895 BC Forel (1909), Forel (1911b), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus schoutedeni Santschi, 1923 Endemic BC, KL, MN Santschi (1923), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus stadelmanni Emery, 1895 - Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus stanleyi Forel, 1909 HK, IT Forel (1909), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935b), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus staudingeri Emery, 1895 HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus termitarius Wasmann, 1911 Endemic TO Wheeler (1922b), van Boven (1967b), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus titan Santschi, 1923 EQ, SA Santschi (1923), Santschi (1933), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus titan vinalli Santschi, 1933 Endemic EQ, MO Santschi (1933), Baroni Urbani (1977), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Dorylus Dorylus wilverthi Emery, 1899 BC, BU, EQ, HU, IT, KN, KS, MO, NK, SA, SK, SU, TO Emery (1899), Forel (1909), Stitz (1910), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Forel (1916), Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a), Wheeler (1943), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Lioponera Lioponera foreli (Santschi, 1914) IT, MA, SK, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Brown (1975)
Dorylinae Lioponera Lioponera nkomoensis (Forel, 1916) TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Brown (1975), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Parasyscia Parasyscia centurio (Brown, 1975) NK, SK Brown (1975), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Parasyscia Parasyscia cribrinodis Emery, 1899 HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Dorylinae Parasyscia Parasyscia nitidulus (Brown, 1975) TO Weber (1949a), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Simopone Simopone annettae Kutter, 1976 TO Bolton and Fisher (2012)
Dorylinae Simopone Simopone brunnea Bolton & Fisher, 2012 IT Bolton and Fisher (2012)
Dorylinae Simopone Simopone conradti Emery, 1899 KN Bolton and Fisher (2012)
Dorylinae Simopone Simopone fulvinodis Santschi, 1923 Endemic BC Santschi (1923), Bolton and Fisher (2012), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Simopone Simopone grandis Santschi, 1923 KS, MN Santschi (1923), Brown (1975), Bolton and Fisher (2012), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Simopone Simopone schoutedeni Santschi, 1923 KS, TO Santschi (1923), Brown (1975), Bolton and Fisher (2012), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Simopone Simopone wilburi Weber, 1949 IT, NK Weber (1949a), Bolton and Fisher (2012), Borowiec (2016)
Dorylinae Vicinopone Vicinopone conciliatrix (Bronw, 1975) TO Brown (1975), Bolton and Fisher (2012)
Dorylinae Zasphinctus Zasphinctus sarowiwai Hita Garcia, 2017 IT Hita Garcia et al. (2017b)
Formicinae Anoplolepis Anoplolepis carinata (Emery, 1899) BC, HU, TO Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1930a), Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Anoplolepis Anoplolepis custodiens (Smith, 1858) BC Emery (1899), Forel (1909), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Prins (1963)
Formicinae Anoplolepis Anoplolepis fallax (Mayr, 1865) MO Forel (1909), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Anoplolepis Anoplolepis kohli (Forel, 1916) TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Lapolla and Fisher (2014)
Formicinae Anoplolepis Anoplolepis tenella (Santschi, 1911) BC, BU, HU, TO Forel (1909), Santschi (1911), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Aphomomyrmex Aphomomyrmex afer Emery, 1899 BC, SA Snelling (1979)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus aberrans Mayr, 1895 TA Santschi (1915), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus acvapimensis Mayr, 1862 BC, BU, EQ, HU, KN, LU, MN, SU, TO, TU Forel (1911b), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Forel (1915), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus aequatorialis kohli Forel, 1915 Endemic TO Forel (1915), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus aequatorialis Roger, 1863 TO Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus argus Santschi, 1935 Endemic MO Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus atriscapus Santschi, 1926 Endemic EQ Santschi (1926b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus auropubens Forel, 1894 TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus barbarossa micipsa Wheeler, 1922 KN, MN Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus barbarossa sulcatinasis Santschi, 1926 Endemic BC, HU, IT Santschi (1926b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus bayeri Forel, 1913 HU, TA Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber (1943)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus braunsi Mayr, 1895 KN Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus brutus Forel, 1886 BC, BU, EQ, HL, HU, IT, KN, KS, MO, NK, SA, SU, TO Forel (1909), Forel (1911b), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Forel (1916), Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Wheeler (1925), Santschi (1935a), Weber (1943), Weber (1964)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus buchneri Forel, 1886 EQ, HU, KS, MA, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus burgeoni Santschi, 1926 Endemic HU, KS Santschi (1926b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus caesar Forel, 1886 HK, HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus caesar imperator Emery, 1899 MA, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus carbo Emery, 1877 - Levieux (1972)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus chapini ganzii Weber, 1943 - Weber (1943)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus chapini Wheeler, 1922 HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Levieux (1972)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus chrysurus acutisquamis Mayr, 1902 BC Forel (1913a), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus chrysurus apellis Santschi, 1911 BC, SU Forel (1911b), Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus chrysurus Gerstäcker, 1871 BC, HK, HL, KN, TO, TU Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Forel (1915), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus chrysurus yvonnae Forel, 1920 Endemic TO Forel (1920), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus cinctellus (Gerstäcker, 1859) EQ, KN, MO, SU, TU Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus confluens bequaerti Forel, 1913 HL Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus confluens Forel, 1913 Endemic HK, HL Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus congolensis Emery, 1899 BC, HK, HU, KN, NK Emery (1899), Forel (1909), Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Menozzi (1932)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus congolensis weissi Santschi, 1911 BC Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus cosmicus (Smith, 1858) SU Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus etiolipes Bolton, 1995 HL, IT, NK Stitz (1911), Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber (1943)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus eugeniae amplior Forel, 1913 Endemic HL, MA Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus ferreri akka Forel, 1916 Endemic - Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus flavomarginatus Mayr, 1862 BC, BU, HU, SA Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus florius Santschi, 1926 BC Santschi (1933)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus foraminosus Forel, 1879 HU, KN, TO Stitz (1910), Forel (1915), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus fulvopilosus (De Geer, 1778) HK Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus furvus Santschi, 1911 KS Santschi (1933)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus guttatus Emery, 1899 SU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus haereticus Santschi, 1914 EQ Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus langi jejunus Santschi, 1926 Endemic TA Santschi (1926a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus langi Wheeler, 1922 HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus lilianae cornutus Forel, 1913 Endemic HK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus lilianae Forel, 1913 HL Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus longipalpis Santschi, 1926 Endemic KS Santschi (1926b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus maculatus (Fabricius, 1782) BU, HK, HU, NK, SU, TA Forel (1911b), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Santschi (1915), Stitz (1916), Emery (1920), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1930a), Weber (1943), Prins (1963)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus maguassa Wheeler, 1922 Endemic TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus massinissa Wheeler, 1922 Endemic HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus maynei Forel, 1916 - Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Braet and Taylor (2008)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus mayri Forel, 1879 NK Wheeler (1922b), Prins (1964)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus oculatior Santschi, 1935 Endemic KN Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus olivieri delagoensis Forel, 1894 BC Forel (1909)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus olivieri Forel, 1886 KN Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus olivieri lemma Forel, 1886 BC, KN, TU Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus olivieri osiris Forel, 1911 Endemic KN, MO Forel (1911b), Santschi (1915), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus olivieri sorptus Santschi, 1915 Endemic BC, EQ, KN, MN, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus paradoxus (Mayr, 1866) Endemic TO Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus perrisii densipunctatus Stitz, 1916 SU Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus perrisii jucundus Santschi, 1911 BC, HU, KN, MN, NU, SU Santschi (1911), Santschi (1913b), Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Wheeler (1936)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus perrisii nigeriensis Santschi, 1914 TA Santschi (1915), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus polyrhachioides Emery, 1898 BC, EQ, MN, MO Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus pompeius cassius Wheeler, 1922 HU, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber (1943)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus pompeius Forel, 1886 SU Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus pompeius iota Santschi, 1926 Endemic BU Santschi (1926a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus pompeius marius Emery, 1899 BU, HU, KN, SU Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1926a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus posticus Santschi, 1926 TA Santschi (1926a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus prosulcatus Santschi, 1935 Endemic MN Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus puberulus Emery, 1897 IT, KN Forel (1911b), Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus rotundinodis Santschi, 1935 Endemic MO Santschi (1935a), Weber (1943)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus roubaudi Santschi, 1911 NK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus rufoglaucus controversus Santschi, 1916 HK Santschi (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1926a), Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus rufoglaucus syphax Wheeler, 1922 BC, SU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus sankisianus Forel, 1913 BC, HK, HL Forel (1913a), Santschi (1913b), Wheeler (1922b), Arnold (1946)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus schoutedeni Forel, 1911 BC, KN, MN, MO, NK Forel (1911b), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus sericeus (Fabricius, 1798) BU, HK, HU, NK, SK, SU Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Prins (1963), Prins (1964), Weber (1964)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus sericeus sulgeri Santschi, 1913 SU Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus simus Emery, 1908 SA Emery (1908), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus simus manidis Forel, 1909 Endemic BC Forel (1909), Forel (1911b), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus solon Forel, 1886 BC, BU, HK, HU, KN, KS, MA, SA, SU, TO Forel (1909), Forel (1910b), Stitz (1910), Forel (1913c), Forel (1915), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus solon jugurtha Emery, 1925 Endemic TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus vestitus (Smith, 1858) HK, TA Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus vestitus anthracinus Santschi, 1930 SA Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus vestitus intuens Santschi, 1926 IT, KN Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus vestitus lujai Santschi, 1930 SA Santschi (1930a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus vividus (Smith, 1858) BC, EQ, HK, KN, SA, SU, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber (1943), Weber (1964), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus vividus cato Forel, 1913 BC, BU, HL, HU, MN, TO Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1926c), Santschi (1935a), Weber (1943)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus vividus meinerti Forel, 1886 BC, EQ, KN, KS, SA, SU Santschi (1910), Forel (1911b), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Forel (1916), Stitz (1916), Santschi (1926c), Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus vividus reginae Forel, 1901 HK, SA Forel (1911b), Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus vividus semidepilis Wheeler, 1922 BC, HU, KN Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1926c)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus vulpus Santschi, 1926 Endemic MN Santschi (1926b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus wellmani Forel, 1909 HK, HU, NK, TA, TO Forel (1909), Forel (1913a), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus wellmani gamma Santschi, 1926 KL Santschi (1926a)
Formicinae Camponotus Camponotus wellmani rufipartis Forel, 1916 Endemic HU Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota albata (Santschi, 1935) Endemic KS Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota ambigua (Santschi, 1935) HU Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota cacozela (Stitz, 1916) HU, MO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota canescens (Emery, 1897) BC, KN, SK, TO Forel (1911b), Stitz (1911), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota canescens latior (Santschi, 1935) HU Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota capensis (Mayr, 1862) HK, HL Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota capensis anceps (Forel, 1916) HU, TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber (1943)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota capensis guineensis (Mayr, 1902) BC Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota capensis simplicoides (Forel, 1907) BC, HL Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota capensis specularis (Santschi, 1935) HU, SU Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota capitata (Forel, 1913) Endemic HL Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota carbonaria (Emery, 1892) BC, IT, SK, TO Stitz (1911), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Finzi (1939)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota curta (Emery, 1897) MO Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Finzi (1939)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota gerardi (Santschi, 1915) Endemic TA Santschi (1915), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota hirsuta (Santschi, 1914) KS Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota hirsuta setosella (Santschi, 1935) Endemic BC, KN, MN Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota imperfecta congolensis (Santschi, 1935) Endemic MO Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota incisa (Forel, 1913) HK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a), Prins (1964)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota nigrisetosa (Santschi, 1935) Endemic KS Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota oculata (Santschi, 1935) HU Santschi (1935a), Braet and Taylor (2008)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota palpalis (Santschi, 1935) Endemic BC Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota piliscapa (Santschi, 1935) Endemic MN Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota piliscapa longipilosa (Santschi, 1935) Endemic TA Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota piliscapa punctifrons (Santschi, 1935) Endemic MO Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota schoutedeni (Santschi, 1935) Endemic HU Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota submetallica (Arnold, 1920) KS Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota tenuipilis (Santschi, 1935) Endemic BC Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Lepisiota Lepisiota validiuscula (Emery, 1897) BC, HL Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber (1943), Santschi (1935a)
Formicinae Nylanderia Nylanderia lepida (Santschi, 1915) TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Lapolla et al. (2011)
Formicinae Nylanderia Nylanderia mendica (Menozzi, 1942) IT Lapolla et al. (2011)
Formicinae Nylanderia Nylanderia vividula (Nylander, 1846) BU Wheeler (1922a)
Formicinae Nylanderia Nylanderia waelbroecki (Emery, 1899) Endemic KN Emery (1899), Forel (1909), Forel (1911b), Wheeler (1922b), Lapolla et al. (2011)
Formicinae Oecophylla Oecophylla longinoda (Latreille, 1802) BC, BU, EQ, HL, HU, IT, KC, KL, KN, KS, MA, MN, MO, NK, SA, SK, SU, TO, TU Forel (1909), Santschi (1910), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a), Weber (1949a), Wetterer (2017a), Wetterer (2017b), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Formicinae Oecophylla Oecophylla longinoda annectens Wheeler, 1922 BC, HU, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Cole and Jones (1948)
Formicinae Oecophylla Oecophylla longinoda fusca Emery, 1899 HU, SU, TO Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Cole and Jones (1948)
Formicinae Oecophylla Oecophylla longinoda rubriceps Wheeler, 1922 BC, BU, TO Santschi (1919a), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Cole and Jones (1948)
Formicinae Oecophylla Oecophylla longinoda rufescens Santschi, 1928 HU, MO Santschi (1928b)
Formicinae Oecophylla Oecophylla longinoda taeniata Santschi, 1928 Endemic KL Santschi (1928b)
Formicinae Paraparatrechina Paraparatrechina bufona (Wheeler, 1922) HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber and Anderson (1950), Lapolla (2004)
Formicinae Paraparatrechina Paraparatrechina subtilis (Santschi, 1920) IT Lapolla et al. (2010)
Formicinae Paraparatrechina Paraparatrechina weissi (Santschi, 1910) BU, HU, IT Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber and Anderson (1950), Brown (1957b), Lapolla (2004)
Formicinae Paratrechina Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille, 1802) Exotic BC, IT, KN, KS, MN, SU, TO Forel (1901b), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Forel (1916), Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Wetterer (2008b)
Formicinae Plagiolepis Plagiolepis exigua Forel, 1894 Endemic HL Forel (1913a), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Finzi (1939)
Formicinae Plagiolepis Plagiolepis mediorufa Forel, 1916 TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Plagiolepis Plagiolepis puncta Forel, 1910 TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis aerope Wheeler, 1922 HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1973)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis alexisi Forel, 1916 - Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1973), Rigato (2016)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis alluaudi Emery, 1892 TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1973)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis concava André, 1889 BC, BU, HU, IT, KL, KN, MN, TO, TU Forel (1909), Forel (1911b), Forel (1913c), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1973)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis cornuta Stitz, 1910 Endemic KN Stitz (1910), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1973)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis curta André, 1890 KN Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1973)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis decemdentata André, 1889 BC, EQ, HU, KN, KS, MO, TO Forel (1911b), Forel (1915), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923), Bolton (1973)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis epinotalis Santschi, 1924 BC, HK, NK, SK Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Rigato (2016)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis esarata Bolton, 1973 BC Rigato (2016)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis fissa Mayr, 1902 BC, KS, MA, MN Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923), Bolton (1973)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis gagates Smith, 1858 BC, HL, KG, KL, KN, LO, MA, MN, NK, SU, TA Forel (1909), Santschi (1910), Forel (1910b), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913b), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Prins (1963), Prins (1964), Bolton (1973)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis kohli Forel, 1916 Endemic - Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Rigato (2016)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis laboriosa Smith, 1858 BC, EQ, HU, KN, KS, LO, LU, MN, MO, SA, TO, TU Forel (1911b), Forel (1913a), Forel (1915), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924a), Bolton (1973)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis latispina Emery, 1925 EQ, HU, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1973)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis lauta Santschi, 1910 KN Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1973)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis limitis Santschi, 1939 MA Bolton (1973), Rigato (2016)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis militaris (Fabricius, 1782) BC, BU, EQ, HK, HL, HU, IT, KC, KL, KN, LO, LU, MA, MN, MO, NK, SA, SK, SU, TA, TO, TU Forel (1909), Stitz (1911), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Forel (1916), Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924a), Wheeler (1925), Bernard (1953), Bolton (1973), Rigato (2016), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis monista Santschi, 1910 TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1973)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis nigrita Mayr, 1895 BU, MO Santschi (1919b), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1973)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis otleti Forel, 1916 TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1973), Rigato (2016)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis revoili André, 1887 BC, KS, SA Forel (1913a), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis rufipalpis Santschi, 1910 BC, KS, MN Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923), Bolton (1973)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis schistacea (Gerstäcker, 1859) BC, BU, HK, HL, HU, IT, KC, KL, KN, KS, LO, LU, MA, MN, NK, NU, SA, SK, SU, TA, TO Forel (1910b), Santschi (1910), Stitz (1910), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Santschi (1913b), Santschi (1914), Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923), Santschi (1933), Weber (1943), Prins (1963), Prins (1964), Bolton (1973)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis spinicola Forel, 1894 - Prins (1964)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis spitteleri Forel, 1916 - Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1973), Rigato (2016)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis sulcata André, 1895 - Wheeler (1922b)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis viscosa Smith, 1858 HU, KL, MN Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923), Bolton (1973), Rigato (2016)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis volkarti Forel, 1916 - Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1973), Rigato (2016)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis weissi Santschi, 1910 HU, SA, TO Forel (1915), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1973), Rigato (2016), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Formicinae Polyrhachis Polyrhachis wellmani Forel, 1909 HK Bolton (1973)
Formicinae Santschiella Santschiella kohli Forel, 1916 TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Atopomyrmex Atopomyrmex cryptoceroides Emery, 1892 BC, EQ, HK, IT, KS, SA, SU, TO Forel (1911a), Forel (1913a), Forel (1915), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1981a), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Atopomyrmex Atopomyrmex mocquerysi André, 1889 BC, BU, EQ, HL, HU, MN, MO, SA, TO Forel (1911b), Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923), Santschi (1924a), Bolton (1981a), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Bondroitia Bondroitia lujae (Forel, 1909) KC, SA Forel (1909), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923), Bolton (1987)
Myrmicinae Calyptomyrmex Calyptomyrmex brevis Weber, 1943 IT, NK Weber (1952b), Bolton (1981b)
Myrmicinae Calyptomyrmex Calyptomyrmex clavatus Weber, 1952 TO Bolton (1981b)
Myrmicinae Calyptomyrmex Calyptomyrmex duhun Bolton, 1981 NK Bolton (1981b)
Myrmicinae Calyptomyrmex Calyptomyrmex nummuliticus Santschi, 1914 IT, NK Weber (1952b), Bolton (1981b)
Myrmicinae Calyptomyrmex Calyptomyrmex piripilis Santschi, 1923 IT, NK, SU, TA Santschi (1923), Bolton (1981b)
Myrmicinae Calyptomyrmex Calyptomyrmex rennefer Bolton, 1981 NK, SK Bolton (1981b)
Myrmicinae Calyptomyrmex Calyptomyrmex shasu Bolton, 1981 NK Bolton (1981b)
Myrmicinae Cardiocondyla Cardiocondyla emeryi Forel, 1881 BC, KN Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Smith (1944), Weber (1952b), Wetterer (2012a)
Myrmicinae Cardiocondyla Cardiocondyla shuckardi Forel, 1891 NK Weber (1952b), Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Carebara Carebara acuta (Weber, 1952) Endemic TO Weber (1952b)
Myrmicinae Carebara Carebara ampla cincta Santschi, 1926 Endemic HK Santschi (1926a)
Myrmicinae Carebara Carebara ampla obscurithorax Santschi, 1926 Endemic HK Santschi (1926a)
Myrmicinae Carebara Carebara ampla rugosa Santschi, 1928 HK Santschi (1928b)
Myrmicinae Carebara Carebara ampla Santschi, 1912 Endemic - Santschi (1912), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Carebara Carebara angolensis (Santschi, 1914) - Braet and Taylor (2008)
Myrmicinae Carebara Carebara angolensis congolensis (Forel, 1916) Endemic - Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Carebara Carebara frontalis (Weber, 1950) Endemic IT Weber (1950)
Myrmicinae Carebara Carebara junodi Forel, 1904 EQ, HK, HL, KC Forel (1909), Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a), Wheeler (1936)
Myrmicinae Carebara Carebara langi Wheeler, 1922 Endemic TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Carebara Carebara latro (Santschi, 1937) Endemic EQ Santschi (1937a), Weber (1950)
Myrmicinae Carebara Carebara madibai Fischer & Azorsa, 2014 - Fischer et al. (2014)
Myrmicinae Carebara Carebara osborni Wheeler, 1922 Endemic HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Wheeler (1936)
Myrmicinae Carebara Carebara petulca (Wheeler, 1922) Endemic BC Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Wheeler (1936)
Myrmicinae Carebara Carebara termitolestes (Wheeler, 1918) BC, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Wheeler (1936), Weber (1943), Bolton and Belshaw (1993), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Carebara Carebara vidua Smith, 1858 HK, HU, IT Forel (1909), Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus bequaerti Forel, 1913 EQ, HK, HL Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus brevisetosus Forel, 1901 BC, KN, SA Bolton (1974a)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus cestus Bolton, 1982 Endemic IT Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus egenus Santschi, 1911 HU, IT, KN, KS, MN, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924a), Santschi (1930a), Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus elongatus Santschi, 1924 EQ Santschi (1924a)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus erinaceus Stitz, 1910 BU, EQ, HU, KN, KS, LO, MA, MN, MO, NK, SA, SU, TO, TU Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Forel (1915), Forel (1916), Santschi (1917), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus greggi Bolton, 1974 IT, TO Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus guineensis Smith, 1853 BC, BU, EQ, HU, IT, KL, KN, KS, MN, MO, NK, TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924a), Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus huberi André, 1890 EQ, HK, HU, IT, KS, MA, MN, MO, SU, TO Santschi (1910), Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924a), Wheeler (1925), Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus inermis Santschi, 1924 Endemic KS Santschi (1924a), Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus jeanneli Santschi, 1914 TO Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus kohli Mayr, 1895 BC, EQ, HU, KS, MN, MO, TO Santschi (1924a), Santschi (1930a), Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus lobatus Mayr, 1895 SA Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus lujae Forel, 1911 HK, HL, HU, KS, SA, TO Forel (1911a), Forel (1913a), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus mocquerysi André, 1889 BC Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus pilosus Santschi, 1920 TO Santschi (1920b), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus pullus Santschi, 1910 BC, EQ, TO Santschi (1924a), Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus pygmaeus André, 1890 BC, HU, IT, KN, KS, LU, MA, MN, MO, SA, SK, TO Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber (1943), Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus striativentris Santschi, 1924 HU, NU Santschi (1924a), Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus tardus Santschi, 1914 BC, KN, MN, TO Santschi (1919b), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924a), Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus theobromicola Santschi, 1939 Endemic HU Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus traegaordhi Santschi, 1914 BC, IT, KN, MN, MO, TO Santschi (1924a), Bernard (1953), Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus vorticus Bolton, 1974 BC Bolton (1974a)
Myrmicinae Cataulacus Cataulacus weissi Santschi, 1913 BC, KN, TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924a), Santschi (1935b), Bolton (1974a), Bolton (1982), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster acaciae gloriosa Santschi, 1914 Endemic BC Santschi (1914), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster acaciae victoriosa Santschi, 1916 SU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster africana alligatrix Forel, 1911 BC, KS, SA, TO Forel (1911b), Forel (1913c), Forel (1915), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster africana camena Wheeler, 1922 Endemic - Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster africana Mayr, 1895 BC, KS, SA Forel (1909), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1937a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster africana schumanni Mayr, 1895 KN Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster africana stanleyi Wheeler, 1922 IT, SA Forel (1911b), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1930a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster africana stolonis Santschi, 1937 Endemic SA Santschi (1937a)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster africana thoracica Santschi, 1921 Endemic SA Santschi (1921)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster africana tibialis Wheeler, 1922 NK Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster ambigua Santschi, 1926 EQ Santschi (1926a)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster angusticeps Santschi, 1911 - Santschi (1935a)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster bequaerti atraplex Wheeler, 1922 Endemic HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster bequaerti Forel, 1913 HK, HL Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber (1964), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster bequaerti gerardi Santschi, 1915 Endemic TA Santschi (1915), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster bequaerti ludia Forel, 1913 Endemic HK, HL Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster buchneri composita Santschi, 1933 Endemic SA Santschi (1933)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster buchneri graeteri Forel, 1916 TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster buchneri uasina Santschi, 1935 - Santschi (1935b)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster castanea analis Santschi, 1910 BC, TO Forel (1910b), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster castanea busschodtsi Emery, 1899 BC, KC, KN Emery (1899), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1928a), Santschi (1930a), Santschi (1935a), Prins (1964), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster castanea inversa Forel, 1907 SA Forel (1911b), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster castanea mediorufa Forel, 1907 - Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster castanea rufonigra Emery, 1895 HK Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Prins (1963), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster castanea Smith, 1858 SA Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster castanea yambatensis Forel, 1913 Endemic MO Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster clariventris biimpressa Mayr, 1895 MN, NK, SA Santschi (1921), Santschi (1933)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster clariventris Mayr, 1895 EQ, KS, SA, TO Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1930a), Santschi (1933), Santschi (1935a), Santschi (1935b), Soulie and Dicko (1965), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster coelestis Santschi, 1911 KS, SA Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster concava Emery, 1899 BU, EQ, KG, KN, KS, TO Emery (1899), Forel (1915), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a), Soulie and Dicko (1965), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster depressa (Latreille, 1802) BC, SA Forel (1909), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1928a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster depressa fuscipennis Emery, 1899 BC, BU, EQ, HL, HU, KN, NU, TO Emery (1899), Forel (1909), Santschi (1910), Forel (1910b), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster excisa bomaella Santschi, 1935 Endemic BC Santschi (1935a)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster excisa Mayr, 1895 BC, HU, KL, MN, SU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster flaviventris Santschi, 1910 HU, KL, SA Santschi (1910), Santschi (1913a), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a), Weber (1943), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster foraminiceps staitchi Forel, 1915 Endemic IT Forel (1915), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster gabonensis Emery, 1899 BC, EQ, HL, MA Santschi (1926a)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster gabonensis fuscitatis Forel, 1913 Endemic EQ, KN, KS, SA Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1937a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster gambiensis André, 1889 IT Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster gambiensis sejuncta Stitz, 1916 Endemic HU Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1926a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster gerstaeckeri kohliella Santschi, 1918 Endemic TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster gerstaeckeri oraclum Forel, 1913 HL, LU Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1937a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster gratiosa Santschi, 1926 MA Santschi (1926a), Santschi (1930a), Braet and Taylor (2008)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster impressa Emery, 1899 BC, HU, KN, MA, NK, TO Emery (1899), Forel (1909), Forel (1911b), Forel (1913c), Santschi (1913a), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster impressa maynei Forel, 1913 Endemic KN Forel (1911b), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster impressa sapora Forel, 1916 Endemic HU Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster impressiceps frontalis Wheeler, 1922 Endemic BC Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster impressiceps longiscapa Stitz, 1916 Endemic SU Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster impressiceps lujana Forel, 1915 Endemic SA Forel (1915), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1930a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster impressiceps Mayr, 1902 BC, HU, KS, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1930a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster juventa Santschi, 1926 BC, MN Santschi (1926a), Santschi (1935a)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster kasaiensis Forel, 1913 KS, SA, TO Forel (1913a), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965), Braet and Taylor (2008)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster kneri Mayr, 1862 - Wheeler (1922b), Prins (1963), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster kohli Forel, 1909 IT, TO Forel (1909), Forel (1915), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1937a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster kohli winkleri Forel, 1909 EQ, HU, KS, MN, SA Forel (1909), Forel (1911b), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913b), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1937a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster laurenti Forel, 1909 MN, SA, TO Forel (1909), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a), Santschi (1937a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster laurenti zeta Emery, 1922 Endemic KN, MA, SA, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1937a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster libengensis rufula Santschi, 1926 TO Santschi (1926a)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster libengensis Stitz, 1916 SU Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965), Braet and Taylor (2008)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster lotti Weber, 1943 KN Weber (1964)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster luctans liebknechti Forel, 1915 Endemic EQ, HU, TO Forel (1915), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1933), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster margaritae brevarmata Forel, 1915 Endemic MO, SA Forel (1915), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1930a), Santschi (1935a), Soulie and Dicko (1965), Blaimer (2012)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster margaritae cupida Santschi, 1935 Endemic KS Santschi (1935a), Blaimer (2012)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster margaritae lujae Forel, 1913 Endemic KS, SA Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965), Blaimer (2012)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster menilekii proserpina Santschi, 1919 Endemic BC Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster menilekii satan Forel, 1916 Endemic - Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster menilekii spuria Forel, 1913 HK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster muralti Forel, 1910 KL, KS, MN, TO Santschi (1930a), Santschi (1935a), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster nigeriensis wilnigra Forel, 1916 Endemic TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster nigrans Forel, 1915 TO Forel (1915), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster opaciceps clepens Forel, 1913 Endemic KN Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster pauciseta Emery, 1899 TO Forel (1915), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965), Braet and Taylor (2008), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster pauciseta grossulior Forel, 1916 TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster petiolidens Forel, 1916 Endemic - Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster pseudinermis Viehmeyer, 1923 KN, KS, MN, MO Santschi (1926a), Santschi (1935a)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster rugosa André, 1895 KS, TO Santschi (1919c), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster rugosior Santschi, 1910 EQ, KS, TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Santschi (1926a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster ruspolii atriscapis Forel, 1915 Endemic TO Forel (1915), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster santschii Forel, 1913 KN, KS, SA, TO Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965), Blaimer (2012)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster sewellii acis Forel, 1913 KN Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster sewellii marnoi Mayr, 1895 NU Santschi (1910)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster similis Stitz, 1911 Endemic NK, TO Stitz (1911), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster solenopsides flavida Mayr, 1907 TO Forel (1916)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster stadelmanni anguliceps Stitz, 1916 BU Santschi (1935a)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster stadelmanni dolichocephala Santschi, 1911 HU, KL, MN, NU, SA, TO Santschi (1910), Santschi (1911), Forel (1915), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965), Blaimer (2012)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster stadelmanni Mayr, 1895 KN, TO Forel (1911b), Forel (1915), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster stadelmanni ovinodis Stitz, 1916 SU Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965), Blaimer (2012)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster stadelmanni schereri Forel, 1911 - Blaimer (2012)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster stadelmanni spissata Santschi, 1937 Endemic SA Santschi (1937a), Blaimer (2012)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster striatula Emery, 1892 BC, NU Santschi (1910), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1926a)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster striatula langi Santschi, 1926 Endemic HU Santschi (1926a)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster striatula obstinata Santschi, 1911 BC, BU, KN, MN, NU Santschi (1911), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1926a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster striatula omega Santschi, 1935 Endemic BC, EQ, KS, MN, MO Santschi (1926a), Santschi (1935a)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster theta Forel, 1911 Endemic BU, EQ, HU, KS, SA, TO Forel (1911b), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913b), Forel (1913c), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1933), Santschi (1935a), Santschi (1937a), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster transiens Forel, 1913 Endemic HL, TA, TO Forel (1913a), Santschi (1915), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster tricolor Gerstäcker, 1859 SA Forel (1911b)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster wasmanni Santschi, 1910 SA Santschi (1910), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965), Braet and Taylor (2008)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster wellmani luciae Forel, 1913 IT Forel (1913c), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster wellmani weissi Santschi, 1910 NU Santschi (1910), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster wilwerthi confusa Santschi, 1911 NU Santschi (1911), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster wilwerthi fauconneti Forel, 1910 Endemic MA, TO Forel (1910b), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Crematogaster Crematogaster wilwerthi Santschi, 1910 Endemic BC Santschi (1910), Wheeler (1922b), Soulie and Dicko (1965)
Myrmicinae Cyphoidris Cyphoidris spinosa Weber, 1952 NK Weber (1952b), Bolton (1981a), Taylor (2009)
Myrmicinae Dicroaspis Dicroaspis cryptocera Emery, 1908 TO Emery (1908), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1981b)
Myrmicinae Dicroaspis Dicroaspis laevidens (Santschi, 1919) TO Santschi (1919c), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1981b), Collingwood and Van Harten (2005)
Myrmicinae Melissotarsus Melissotarsus emeryi Forel, 1907 KG Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Melissotarsus Melissotarsus weissi Santschi, 1910 KS, LO Santschi (1919c), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923), Bolton (1982)
Myrmicinae Meranoplus Meranoplus clypeatus Bernard, 1953 HU Bolton (1981b)
Myrmicinae Meranoplus Meranoplus inermis Emery, 1895 HU, LU, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber (1943), Bolton (1981b)
Myrmicinae Meranoplus Meranoplus magrettii André, 1884 TA Santschi (1915), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1981b)
Myrmicinae Meranoplus Meranoplus nanus André, 1892 HU, LU Bolton (1981b)
Myrmicinae Microdaceton Microdaceton tibialis Weber, 1952 IT, TO Weber (1952b), Bolton (1983), Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium affabile Santschi, 1926 Endemic NU Santschi (1926a), Bolton (1987)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium afrum André, 1884 BU, HL, HU Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1987)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium altinode Santschi, 1910 BC, TA Santschi (1920a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a), Bolton (1987), Braet and Taylor (2008)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium angustinode Forel, 1913 HK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1987), Braet and Taylor (2008)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium bequaerti Forel, 1913 HK, KS Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1926a), Bolton (1987)Bolton 1987
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium bicolor Emery, 1877 HU, IT, KN, KS, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1926a), Bolton (1987)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium captator Santschi, 1936 - Bolton (1987), Braet and Taylor (2008)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium egens Forel, 1910 IT, KS, TA Santschi (1926a), Bolton (1987)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium exiguum Forel, 1894 KN, TO Forel (1913c), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Finzi (1939), Bolton (1987), Heterick (2006), Sharaf et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium floricola (Jerdon, 1851) Exotic - Wetterer (2010)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium gabrielense Forel, 1916 TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1987)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium inquietum Santschi, 1926 HU Santschi (1926a), Bolton (1987)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium madecassum Forel, 1892 TO Forel (1905), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1928b), Bolton (1987), Heterick (2006)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium malatu Bolton, 1987 BC, HU Bolton (1987)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium opacum Forel, 1913 HK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1987)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus, 1758) BC, SA, TO Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium rosae Santschi, 1920 BC, SK Santschi (1920a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1987)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium strangulatum Santschi, 1921 IT Bolton (1987)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium subdentatum Forel, 1913 Endemic HK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1987)
Myrmicinae Monomorium Monomorium vaguum Santschi, 1930 KN Santschi (1930a), Bolton (1987)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria exigua André, 1890 MO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria exigua kisangani Wheeler, 1922 TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1925)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria exigua obscura Santschi, 1920 BC Santschi (1920b), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1925)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria exigua pulla Santschi, 1920 Endemic MA, TO Santschi (1920b), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1925)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria exigua rufiventris Forel, 1915 Endemic IT, KL, TO Forel (1915), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1925)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria fumata linearis Santschi, 1925 Endemic MN Santschi (1925)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria fumata Santschi, 1916 SU Bernard (1953)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria fusca Stitz, 1911 IT, NK Stitz (1911), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria irregularis Santschi, 1925 BC, EQ, KS, SA Santschi (1925)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria natalensis (Smith, 1858) LO, SA, TA Santschi (1925), Santschi (1930a), Santschi (1933)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria natalensis eumenoides (Gerstäcker, 1859) IT, KN, NK, SK, TO Stitz (1911), Forel (1913c), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Prins (1963)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria natalensis taeniata Santschi, 1930 HK Santschi (1930b)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria opaciventris congolensis Forel, 1909 BC, HK, IT, KN, MN, MO, NK, SA Forel (1909), Forel (1911b), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1925), Wheeler (1925), Weber (1964)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria opaciventris crucheti Santschi, 1925 HU, KC, KN, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1925)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria opaciventris Emery, 1893 BC, BU, HU, KN, MA, NK, SU, TO Santschi (1910), Stitz (1910), Forel (1911b), Forel (1913c), Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria opaciventris mesonotalis Santschi, 1925 Endemic HU, SA, SU Santschi (1925)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria salambo Wheeler, 1922 HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria striata buttgenbachi Forel, 1913 Endemic HK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1925)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria striata Stitz, 1911 HK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Myrmicaria Myrmicaria striatula Santschi, 1925 BC Santschi (1935a)
Myrmicinae Nesomyrmex Nesomyrmex evelynae (Forel, 1916) TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1982), Hita Garcia et al. (2017a)
Myrmicinae Nesomyrmex Nesomyrmex grisoni (Forel, 1916) TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1982), Hita Garcia et al. (2017a)
Myrmicinae Nesomyrmex Nesomyrmex innocens (Forel, 1913) HK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1982), Hita Garcia et al. (2017a)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole albidula Santschi, 1928 KG Santschi (1928b), Braet and Taylor (2008)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole aurivillii attenuata Santschi, 1910 HU, MA, NK Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole aurivillii kasaiensis Forel, 1911 SA, TO Forel (1911b), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole aurivillii Mayr, 1896 MN Santschi (1935a)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole aurivillii rubricalva Forel, 1915 Endemic TO Forel (1915), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole batrachorum Wheeler, 1922 BU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Fischer et al. (2012)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole bequaerti Forel, 1913 HL Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole buchholzi Mayr, 1901 KL, MO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole caffra bayeri Forel, 1916 NK Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Braet and Taylor (2008)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole caffra senilifrons Wheeler, 1922 HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Braet and Taylor (2008)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole christinae Fischer, Hita Garcia & Peters, 2012 IT Fischer et al. (2012)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole corticicola Santschi, 1910 NU Santschi (1910), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole crassinoda ruspolii Emery, 1897 IT Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole dea Santschi, 1921 NK Fischer et al. (2012), Gómez et al. (2022)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole excellens fulvobasalis Santschi, 1921 BU Santschi (1921)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole excellens weissi Santschi, 1910 BC Santschi (1930a)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole glabrella Fischer, Hita Garcia & Peters, 2012 BU Fischer et al. (2012), Gómez et al. (2022)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole kohli Mayr, 1901 HU, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole liengmei Forel, 1894 - Weber (1943)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole liengmei shinsendensis Forel, 1913 HK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius, 1793) BC, BU, HU, SU, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Wetterer (2012c)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole megacephala atrox Forel, 1913 HK, HL Forel (1913a), Santschi (1937a)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole megacephala ilgii Forel, 1907 IT Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole megacephala impressifrons Wasmann, 1905 HK Forel (1913a), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Prins (1963)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole megacephala melancholica Santschi, 1912 EQ, HU, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1937a)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole megacephala nkomoana Forel, 1916 TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole minima malelana Wheeler, 1922 Endemic BC Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole minima mylognatha Wheeler, 1922 BC Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Braet and Taylor (2008)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole neokohli Wilson, 1984 Endemic TO Wilson (1984), Lampe et al. (2006)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole philippi Emery, 1915 TO Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole pulchella Santschi, 1910 BU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Fischer et al. (2012)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole punctulata Mayr, 1866 BC, BU, HK, HL, HU, KC, KN, KS, LU, MN, SA, SK, SU, TO Forel (1909), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a), Prins (1963), Weber (1964)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole punctulata subatrox Santschi, 1937 Endemic EQ, TO Santschi (1937a)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole retronitens Santschi, 1930 KS Santschi (1930a)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole saxicola Wheeler, 1922 BC, SU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Braet and Taylor (2008)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole schoutedeni Forel, 1913 HK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Braet and Taylor (2008)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole schoutedeni platycephala Stitz, 1916 Endemic SU Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole sculpturata berthoudi Forel, 1894 BC, KN, NU Santschi (1910), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole sculpturata dignata Santschi, 1915 BC, NU Santschi (1915), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole sculpturata Mayr, 1866 BC, KN, NU Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole sculpturata welgelegenensis Forel, 1913 HK Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole setosa Fischer, Hita Garcia & Peters, 2012 Endemic IT Fischer et al. (2012)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole speculifera bispecula Santschi, 1930 Endemic HU Santschi (1930a)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole speculifera cubangensis Forel, 1901 MO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole speculifera Emery, 1877 HU, IT, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber (1964), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole tenuinodis Mayr, 1901 TO Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Pheidole Pheidole vanderveldi Forel, 1913 HL Forel (1913a), Arnold (1920), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Pristomyrmex Pristomyrmex africanus Karavaiev, 1931 BC, IT, KN, NK, TO Weber (1952b), Bolton (1981a), Wang (2003), Laciny et al. (2016)
Myrmicinae Pristomyrmex Pristomyrmex orbiceps (Santschi, 1914) BU, MN Santschi (1924a), Weber (1952b), Bolton (1981a), Wang (2003)
Myrmicinae Pristomyrmex Pristomyrmex trogor Bolton, 1981 SK Bolton (1981a), Wang (2003)
Myrmicinae Solenopsis Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius, 1804) Exotic MA, NU Santschi (1915), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Solenopsis Solenopsis punctaticeps caffra Forel, 1894 HK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b)
Myrmicinae Solenopsis Solenopsis punctaticeps kibaliensis Wheeler, 1922 Endemic HK, HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber (1964)
Myrmicinae Solenopsis Solenopsis punctaticeps Mayr, 1865 KN, MA Forel (1911b), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a)
Myrmicinae Solenopsis Solenopsis ugandensis congolensis Santschi, 1935 Endemic KS Santschi (1935a)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys behasyla (Bolton, 1983) IT Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys bellatrix (Bolton, 2000) IT Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys bequaerti Santschi, 1923 NK Santschi (1923), Brown (1952), Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys bernardi Brown, 1960 IT, TO Brown (1960), Bolton (1983), Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys bitheria Bolton, 1983 TO Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys cavinasis (Brown, 1950) IT, NK Brown (1950b), Weber (1952a), Brown (1953), Bolton (1983), Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys concolor Santschi, 1914 HU, IT, NK Bolton (1983), Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys dextra Brown, 1954 IT Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys dotaja (Bolton, 1983) IT Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys enkara (Bolton, 1983) IT Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys fenkara (Bolton, 1983) KN Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys hensekta (Bolton, 1983) IT Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys inquilina (Bolton, 1983) Endemic SK Bolton (1983), Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys ludovici Forel, 1904 IT, NK, TO Brown (1952), Weber (1952a), Bolton (1983), Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys lujae Forel, 1902 BC, HU, IT, MA, MO, NK, SK, TA, TO Santschi (1919c), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923), Brown (1952), Weber (1952a), Bernard (1953), Bolton (1983), Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys malaplax (Bolton, 1983) TO Bolton (1983)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys maynei Forel, 1916 EQ, MO, NK, TO Brown (1952)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys mormo (Bolton, 2000) Endemic - Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys ninda (Bolton, 1983) IT Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys petiolata Bernard, 1953 IT, NK Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys piliversa (Bolton, 2000) Endemic IT Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys relahyla Bolton, 1983 IT Bolton (1983), Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys rogeri Emery, 1890 KL

Bolton (2000),

Wetterer (2012b)

Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys roomi (Bolton, 1972) IT Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys rufobrunea Santschi, 1914 IT Brown (1954)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys sarissa Bolton, 1983 SK Bolton (1983)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys serrula Santschi, 1910 HU, IT, KS, NK, TO Santschi (1923), Brown (1952), Weber (1952a), Bolton (1983), Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys simoni Emery, 1895 HK, TO Forel (1913a), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Brown (1952), Bolton (1983), Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys sistrura (Bolton, 1983) IT Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys tacta (Bolton, 1983) IT, TO Bolton (1983), Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys tethepa (Bolton, 2000) IT Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys weberi (Brown, 1959) HU Brown (1959), Bolton (1983), Bolton (2000)
Myrmicinae Strumigenys Strumigenys xenohyla Bolton, 1983 IT Bolton (1983)
Myrmicinae Syllophopsis Syllophopsis cryptobia Santschi, 1921 - Bolton (1987), Heterick (2006), Sharaf and Aldawood (2013)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium aculeatum (Mayr, 1866) BC, BU, EQ, HU, IT, KN, KS, MO, NK, SA, SU, TO Forel (1901a), Emery (1908), Forel (1909), Forel (1913c), Forel (1915), Forel (1916), Stitz (1916), Santschi (1919b), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924a), Santschi (1933), Santschi (1935a), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium africanum (Mayr, 1866) BU, KN, TO Forel (1911b), Forel (1916), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium agna (Santschi, 1935) Endemic EQ Santschi (1935a), Bolton (1976)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium akengense (Wheeler, 1922) BU, KS Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935a)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium amissum Bolton, 1980 Endemic SK Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium angulinode Santschi, 1910 EQ, HU, IT, KG, KN, NK, TO Forel (1911b), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1928b), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium bequaerti Forel, 1913 HK, HL Forel (1913a), Arnold (1917), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium boltoni Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010 IT, KL, TO
Hita Garcia et al. (2010), Hita Garcia and Fischer (2014)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium brevispinosum (Stitz, 1910) IT, MO, NK, TO Santschi (1935a), Bolton (1976)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium buthrum Bolton, 1980 HU Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium caldarium (Roger, 1857) HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1979), Bolton (1980), Wetterer and Hita Garcia (2015)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium candidum Bolton, 1980 SK Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium capillosum Bolton, 1980 IT Hita Garcia and Fisher (2013)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium coloreum Mayr, 1901 IT Brown (1957a), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium cristatum Stitz, 1910 BC, HU, SA Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924a), Weber (1943), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium dolichosum Bolton, 1980 Endemic LU Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium dumezi Menozzi, 1942 BC, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium edouardi Forel, 1894 SK, TO Stitz (1911), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1928b), Levieux (1972), Bolton (1980), Hita Garcia et al. (2010)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium gabonense (André, 1892) BC, BU, HU, IT, MO, NK, SA, SU, TO Menozzi (1932)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium gazense Arnold, 1958 HK, LU Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium gegaimi Forel, 1916 TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium globulinode (Mayr, 1901) - Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1976), Bolton (1986)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium guineense (Bernard, 1953) HK, HU, IT Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1980), Hita Garcia et al. (2010), Hita Garcia and Fischer (2014)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium humbloti Forel, 1891 HK Santschi (1935a), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium inezulae (Forel, 1914) LU Bolton (1976)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium kestrum Bolton, 1980 HU Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium khyarum Bolton, 1980 BC, SU Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium lucayanum Wheeler, 1905 KN Forel (1909), Wheeler (1922b), Brown (1964a), Bolton (1979), Bolton (1980), Wetterer (2013b)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium meressei Forel, 1916 NK Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium muralti Forel, 1910 BU, IT, LO Santschi (1919c), Wheeler (1922b), Hita Garcia et al. (2010)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium muscorum Arnold, 1926 IT, NK Bolton (1976)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium nodiferum (Emery, 1901) HU Santschi (1924a)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium notiale Bolton, 1980 LU Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium occidentale (Santschi, 1916) BU, IT, KS, LO Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium opacum (Emery, 1909) BC, NK Forel (1909), Forel (1916), Santschi (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Brown (1964b), Bolton (1976), Bolton (1986)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium peutli Forel, 1916 IT, MN, TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924a), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium phasias Forel, 1914 KN Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium postpetiolatum Santschi, 1919 Endemic IT, LO Santschi (1919c), Wheeler (1922b), Brown (1957a), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium pulcherrimum (Donisthorpe, 1945) IT Bolton (1976)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium pullulum Santschi, 1924 HU, NK Santschi (1924a), Santschi (1935a), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium quadridentatum Stitz, 1910 HU, IT, TO Santschi (1924a), Bolton (1980), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium qualarum Bolton, 1980 TO Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium rhetidum Bolton, 1980 IT Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium rotundatum (Santschi, 1924) - Santschi (1924a), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium schoutedeni Santschi, 1924 Endemic MN Santschi (1924a), Bolton (1980), Hita Garcia et al. (2010)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium sericeiventre Emery, 1877 BC, HK, HL, HU, IT, KC, KE, KG, KS, SA, SU, TA, TO Forel (1913a), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924a), Santschi (1928b), Bolton (1980), Hita Garcia and Fisher (2011), Hita Garcia and Fisher (2012)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium setigerum Mayr, 1901 BU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium setuliferum Emery, 1895 - Mbanyana (2013), Mbanyana et al. (2018)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium simillimum (Smith, 1851) KN, KS, TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium susannae Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010 IT, KN Hita Garcia et al. (2010)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium tabarum Bolton, 1980 IT Bolton (1980), Hita Garcia and Fisher (2013)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium talpa (Bolton, 1976) Endemic KL Bolton (1976)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium termitobium Emery, 1908 IT, SA Emery (1908), Wheeler (1922b), Levieux (1972), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium trimeni (Emery, 1895) EQ, TO Santschi (1935a)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium ubangense Santschi, 1937 Endemic NU Santschi (1937a), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium uelense Santschi, 1923 HU Santschi (1923), Bolton (1976), Hita Garcia and Fisher (2014)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium unicum Bolton, 1980 NK Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium venator Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2014 HK, IT, KL Hita Garcia and Fisher (2014)
Myrmicinae Tetramorium Tetramorium weitzeckeri Emery, 1895 HK, HU, IT, NK Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber (1943), Prins (1963), Bolton (1980)
Myrmicinae Trichomyrmex Trichomyrmex destructor (Jerdon, 1851) Exotic HK Weber (1964), Wetterer (2008a)
Myrmicinae Trichomyrmex Trichomyrmex epinotalis (Santschi, 1923) Endemic KC Santschi (1923), Bolton (1987)
Myrmicinae Trichomyrmex Trichomyrmex oscaris (Forel, 1894) HL, HU Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Finzi (1939), Bolton (1987)
Myrmicinae Trichomyrmex Trichomyrmex robustior (Forel, 1892) HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Ponerinae Anochetus Anochetus africanus (Mayr, 1865) HU, KS, LU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923), Santschi (1935b), Brown (1978)
Ponerinae Anochetus Anochetus bequaerti Forel, 1913 BU, HK, HL, HU, NK Forel (1913a), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Brown (1978)
Ponerinae Anochetus Anochetus fuliginosus Arnold, 1948 IT Brown (1978)
Ponerinae Anochetus Anochetus maynei Forel, 1913 KN Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Brown (1978)
Ponerinae Anochetus Anochetus obscuratus Santschi, 1911 KC, KL, KS Santschi (1923), Brown (1978)
Ponerinae Anochetus Anochetus pellucidus Emery, 1902 IT, MO Santschi (1923), Brown (1978)
Ponerinae Anochetus Anochetus punctaticeps Mayr, 1901 HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Ponerinae Anochetus Anochetus traegaordhi Mayr, 1904 MN, TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923), Brown (1964c), Brown (1978)
Ponerinae Bothroponera Bothroponera ancilla (Emery, 1899) TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Ponerinae Bothroponera Bothroponera pachyderma (Emery, 1901) BC, BU, HU, IT, KL, TO Santschi (1920a), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber (1943), Joma and Mackay (2020)
Ponerinae Bothroponera Bothroponera rubescens Santschi, 1937 NU Schmidt and Shattuck (2014), Joma and Mackay (2020)
Ponerinae Bothroponera Bothroponera sanguinea (Santschi, 1920) - Joma and Mackay (2020)
Ponerinae Bothroponera Bothroponera soror (Emery, 1899) BC, BU, HK, HL, HU, IT, KL, KS, MN, NK, TO Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1930a), Santschi (1937a), Weber (1943), Prins (1963), Prins (1964), Joma and Mackay (2017), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Ponerinae Bothroponera Bothroponera talpa André, 1890 BU, HU, NK, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Yamagiwa et al. (1991), Joma and Mackay (2020)
Ponerinae Brachyponera Brachyponera sennaarensis (Mayr, 1862) BC, BU, HK, HL, HU, KN, NK, SU, TO Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923), Prins (1964), Rafinejad et al. (2009), Wetterer (2013a)
Ponerinae Centromyrmex Centromyrmex angolensis Santschi, 1937 IT, LU, TO Bolton and Fisher (2008a)
Ponerinae Centromyrmex Centromyrmex bequaerti (Forel, 1913) HK, KL, MA, TO Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Brown (1963), Bolton and Fisher (2008a)
Ponerinae Centromyrmex Centromyrmex decessor Bolton & Fisher, 2008 TA, TO Bolton and Fisher (2008a)
Ponerinae Centromyrmex Centromyrmex ereptor Bolton & Fisher, 2008 TO Bolton and Fisher (2008a)
Ponerinae Centromyrmex Centromyrmex fugator Bolton & Fisher, 2008 KN Bolton and Fisher (2008a)
Ponerinae Centromyrmex Centromyrmex praedator Bolton & Fisher, 2008 Endemic KL Bolton and Fisher (2008a)
Ponerinae Centromyrmex Centromyrmex sellaris Mayr, 1896 HK, HU, IT, SK Weber (1949b), Weber (1964), Bolton and Fisher (2008a)
Ponerinae Euponera Euponera brunoi (Forel, 1913) HK Santschi (1933), Brown (1963)
Ponerinae Euponera Euponera sjostedti (Mayr, 1896) BC Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b)
Ponerinae Hypoponera Hypoponera camerunensis (Santschi, 1914) IT Bolton and Fisher (2011)
Ponerinae Hypoponera Hypoponera coeca (Santschi, 1914) TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Ponerinae Hypoponera Hypoponera dulcis (Forel, 1907) IT Bolton and Fisher (2011)
Ponerinae Hypoponera Hypoponera inaudax (Santschi, 1919) IT, TO Santschi (1919c), Wheeler (1922b), Braet and Taylor (2008), Bolton and Fisher (2011)
Ponerinae Hypoponera Hypoponera molesta Bolton & Fisher, 2011 IT Bolton and Fisher (2011)
Ponerinae Hypoponera Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger, 1859) BC, HK, HU, SK, TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1933), Delabie and Blard (2002), Bolton and Fisher (2011)
Ponerinae Hypoponera Hypoponera segnis Bolton & Fisher, 2011 SK Bolton and Fisher (2011)
Ponerinae Hypoponera Hypoponera ursa (Santschi, 1924) NK, SK Santschi (1924a), Santschi (1933), Santschi (1935b), Bolton and Fisher (2011)
Ponerinae Leptogenys Leptogenys ankhesa Bolton, 1975 Endemic BC Bolton (1975b)
Ponerinae Leptogenys Leptogenys camerunensis Stitz, 1910 BU, MN, TO Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1975b)
Ponerinae Leptogenys Leptogenys conradti Forel, 1913 HK Santschi (1937a)
Ponerinae Leptogenys Leptogenys crustosa Santschi, 1914 HK, IT Santschi (1937a), Bolton (1975b)
Ponerinae Leptogenys Leptogenys ergatogyna Wheeler, 1922 HU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1975b)
Ponerinae Leptogenys Leptogenys excellens Bolton, 1975 Endemic TO Bolton (1975b)
Ponerinae Leptogenys Leptogenys ferrarii Forel, 1913 HK, TA Santschi (1915), Wheeler (1922b), Bernard (1953), Bolton (1975b)
Ponerinae Leptogenys Leptogenys intermedia Emery, 1902 KL, SK Stitz (1911), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1926a), Bolton (1975b)
Ponerinae Leptogenys Leptogenys maxillosa (Smith, 1858) HK Bolton (1975b)
Ponerinae Leptogenys Leptogenys ravida Bolton, 1975 Endemic SK Bolton (1975b)
Ponerinae Leptogenys Leptogenys strator Bolton, 1975 Endemic NK Bolton (1975b)
Ponerinae Leptogenys Leptogenys trilobata Santschi, 1924 BC Santschi (1924a), Bolton (1975b)
Ponerinae Loboponera Loboponera nasica (Santschi, 1920) - Levieux (1972)
Ponerinae Loboponera Loboponera trica Bolton & Brown, 2002 IT Fisher (2006)
Ponerinae Loboponera Loboponera vigilans Bolton & Brown, 2002 KL Bolton and Brown (2002)
Ponerinae Megaponera Megaponera analis (Latreille, 1802) BC, BU, HK, HL, HU, IT, KS, MA, MO, NK, NU, SA, SK, SU, TO Forel (1911b), Stitz (1911), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1923), Santschi (1930a), Prins (1963), Weber (1964), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Ponerinae Megaponera Megaponera analis rapax Santschi, 1914 BC Santschi (1923)
Ponerinae Megaponera Megaponera analis termitivora (Santschi, 1930) BC Santschi (1930a)
Ponerinae Mesoponera Mesoponera caffraria (Smith, 1858) - Prins (1964)
Ponerinae Mesoponera Mesoponera ingesta (Wheeler, 1922) BU, HU, MA Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1930a), Weber (1943)
Ponerinae Mesoponera Mesoponera scolopax (Emery, 1899) SU Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922b)
Ponerinae Mesoponera Mesoponera subiridescens (Wheeler, 1922) BU, HU, NK Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber (1943), Yamagiwa et al. (1991)
Ponerinae Odontomachus Odontomachus assiniensis Emery, 1892 BC, BU, HU, KN, MA, NK, SU, TO Forel (1910a), Stitz (1910), Emery (1911), Forel (1913a), Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Weber (1943), Brown (1976), Yamagiwa et al. (1991)
Ponerinae Odontomachus Odontomachus troglodytes Santschi, 1914 IT, NK, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Yamagiwa et al. (1991), Fisher and Smith (2008)
Ponerinae Paltothyreus Paltothyreus tarsatus (Fabricius, 1798) BC, BU, EQ, HK, HU, IT, KN, KS, MA, MN, NK, SA, SU, TO Forel (1909), Stitz (1911), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Yamagiwa et al. (1991)
Ponerinae Paltothyreus Paltothyreus tarsatus medianus Santschi, 1919 SU Santschi (1919c), Wheeler (1922b)
Ponerinae Parvaponera Parvaponera darwinii africana (Forel, 1909) BC, TO

Forel (1909), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1935b)
Ponerinae Phrynoponera Phrynoponera bequaerti Wheeler, 1922 HU, IT Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Maes and Mackay (1993), Bolton and Fisher (2008a), Bolton and Fisher (2008b),Braet and Taylor (2008)
Ponerinae Phrynoponera Phrynoponera gabonensis (André, 1892) BU, HU, IT, KL, KN, NK, TA, TO Santschi (1919c), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Menozzi (1942), Weber (1943), Brown (1950a), Bolton and Fisher (2008a), Bolton and Fisher (2008b)
Ponerinae Phrynoponera Phrynoponera sveni (Forel, 1916) HU, TA Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton and Fisher (2008a), Bolton and Fisher (2008b)
Ponerinae Platythyrea Platythyrea arnoldi Forel, 1913 MA Santschi (1937a)
Ponerinae Platythyrea Platythyrea conradti Emery, 1899 KC, MN, TO Forel (1915), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1930a), Santschi (1933), Brown (1975), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Ponerinae Platythyrea Platythyrea cribrinodis (Gerstäcker, 1859) HK Weber (1943)
Ponerinae Platythyrea Platythyrea frontalis Emery, 1899 KS Santschi (1933)
Ponerinae Platythyrea Platythyrea gracillima Wheeler, 1922 HU, TO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1937a)
Ponerinae Platythyrea Platythyrea lamellosa (Roger, 1860) MA Forel (1913c), Wheeler (1922b), Prins (1963)
Ponerinae Platythyrea Platythyrea modesta Emery, 1899 BC, MA, SU, TO Forel (1916), Stitz (1916), Wheeler (1922b), Brown (1975), Van De Perre et al. (2018)
Ponerinae Platythyrea Platythyrea schultzei Forel, 1910 HK, HL, MA Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Brown (1975)Brown 1975
Ponerinae Plectroctena Plectroctena cristata Emery, 1899 BU, HU, KS, MO Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924b), Bolton (1974b), Bolton and Brown (2002)
Ponerinae Plectroctena Plectroctena dentata Santschi, 1912 - Bolton (1974b)
Ponerinae Plectroctena Plectroctena laevior Stitz, 1924 Endemic SK Santschi (1924b), Bolton (1974b), Bolton and Brown (2002)
Ponerinae Plectroctena Plectroctena latinodis Santschi, 1924 KN Santschi (1924b), Bolton (1974b), Bolton and Brown (2002)Bolton and Brown 2002
Ponerinae Plectroctena Plectroctena mandibularis Smith, 1858 EQ, HK, HL, LU, NK, TA Forel (1909), Forel (1913a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924b), Bolton (1974b)
Ponerinae Plectroctena Plectroctena minor Emery, 1892 BC, BU, EQ, HK, KL, KN, TO Stitz (1910), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1924b), Bolton (1974b), Bolton and Brown (2002)
Ponerinae Plectroctena Plectroctena ugandensis Menozzi, 1932 EQ Bolton (1974b)
Ponerinae Psalidomyrmex Psalidomyrmex procerus Emery, 1901 BU, HU, IT, KN, NK Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1937a), Bolton (1975a), Bolton and Brown (2002)
Ponerinae Psalidomyrmex Psalidomyrmex reichenspergeri Santschi, 1913 BU Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Bolton (1975a)
Ponerinae Psalidomyrmex Psalidomyrmex wheeleri Santschi, 1923 BU, HU, IT, NU Bolton (1975a), Bolton and Brown (2002)
Proceratiinae Discothyrea Discothyrea damato Hita-Garcia & Lieberman, 2019 NK Hita Garcia et al. (2019)
Proceratiinae Discothyrea Discothyrea mixta Brown, 1958 NK Hita Garcia et al. (2019)
Proceratiinae Discothyrea Discothyrea oculata Emery, 1901 BC, IT, KN Hita Garcia et al. (2019)
Proceratiinae Discothyrea Discothyrea wakanda Hita-Garcia & Lieberman, 2019 Endemic NK Hita Garcia et al. (2019)
Pseudomyrmecinae Tetraponera Tetraponera aethiops Smith, 1877 EQ, HU, IT, KS, MA, NK, SA, SK, SU, TO Stitz (1911), Forel (1913a), Forel (1913c), Forel (1916), Stitz (1916), Wheeler and Bailey (1920), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Van De Perre et al. (2018), Ward (2022)
Pseudomyrmecinae Tetraponera Tetraponera anthracina (Santschi, 1910) BC, EQ, IT, KE, KG, KL, KN, KS, MA, MO, NK, TA, TO Forel (1911b), Forel (1913c) , Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1928a), Santschi (1933), Terron (1968), Van De Perre et al. (2018), Ward (2022)
Pseudomyrmecinae Tetraponera Tetraponera cortina Ward, 2022 TO Ward (2022)
Pseudomyrmecinae Tetraponera Tetraponera latifrons (Emery, 1912) BC, HU, KS, SA Forel (1913c), Wheeler and Bailey (1920), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Ward (2022)
Pseudomyrmecinae Tetraponera Tetraponera mocquerysi (André, 1890) BC, HK, HU, IT, KN, KS, LU, MA, MO, NK, SK, TA, TO Forel (1911b), Forel (1913c), Forel (1916), Santschi (1920a), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1928a), Santschi (1935b), Van De Perre et al. (2018), Ward (2022)
Pseudomyrmecinae Tetraponera Tetraponera natalensis (Smith, 1858) HK, KS, SK, TA Stitz (1911), Wheeler (1922b), Ward (2022)
Pseudomyrmecinae Tetraponera Tetraponera ophthalmica (Emery, 1912) BC, KS, MO, NK, SK, TO Emery (1912), Forel (1916), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Santschi (1928a), Baroni Urbani (1977), Ward (2006)
Pseudomyrmecinae Tetraponera Tetraponera pumila Ward, 2022 HK, NK Ward (2022)
Pseudomyrmecinae Tetraponera Tetraponera tessmanni (Stitz, 1910) HU, IT, TO Santschi (1919c), Wheeler and Bailey (1920), Wheeler (1922a), Wheeler (1922b), Brown (1950a), Baroni Urbani (1977), Ward (2022)

Discussion

The current state of knowledge of ant diversity and taxonomy in the DRC is dismaying. Our results show that not only the limited taxonomic work conducted in the region may impair our understanding of ant diversity, as illustrated through the revision of parts of existing collections collected in the first half of 20th century, but, in addition, it shows that the low sampling efforts in modern times (past 50 years) prevent a clear understanding of the diversity encountered within the country. This is highly problematic as new sampling methods have shown for the canopy forest (Basset 2001) or subterranean ants (Wong and Guénard 2017). As an example, the neotropical canopy forest harbours one third of the total ant diversity (Longino et al. 2002, Longino and Colwell 2020).

The economic and political circumstances in the country, along with the absence of local expertise explains most of the deficit of recent projects. As an example, the mountainous regions of Kivu and Ituri are thought to be extremely diverse (Kass et al. 2022), but also represent one of the most dangerous parts of the world.

Despite these facts, the country holds the highest number of recorded species in any country in the Afrotropical Region and our own investigations in the historic available material shows that several dozen species are to be added to the list. Additionally, records by province show that the country is mostly unexplored. The estimated number of species by province in tropical Africa should be between 150 and 300 for a reasonably sampled area and even more in primary rainforest (Weber 1943, Bernard 1953, Hita Garcia et al. 2009, Fotso-Kuate et al. 2015, Gómez, unpublished data). Only five out of 26 DRC provinces reach 100 cited species, but in at least two of these (Haut-Huelé and Ituri), our preliminary data in the Brussels’ collections reveal a much higher ant diversity. Other Provinces, such as Kwilu, Lomami and Tshuapa, do not reach 20 species.

Moreover, most of the current information has been added more than seventy years ago, with 601 species (80% of known diversity) already cited by the year 1952. Recent global taxonomic revisions have added citations new to DRC mainly based on curated material collected in the first half of the 20th century, such as Discothyrea wakanda (Hita Garcia et al. 2019), collected in 1963 in the Virunga National Park in North Kivu.

To the best of our knowledge, no modern intensive sampling collections in DRC have been conducted in recent decades. This is a tragic situation taking into account that the DRC area is similar to that of western Europe. The recent paper on geographic distribution of ants in western Europe (Wang et al. 2022) listed 747 species for the region, slightly higher than the DRC, but extensively sampled throughout the last century.

Exotic species may be underestimated in this list due to a lack of sampling. Only four species have been cited, but some usual suspects, such as Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius, 1793), are likely to be present in Congolese cities.

While recent history is discouraging, we can only be optimistic about the long-term future of myrmecology in DRC, as only a glimpse of the real diversity is already astonishing. However, to reach this bright future, some objectives must be fulfilled. The first is to develop local expertise. This should comprise human resources in the universities and national institutes like Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité (CSB, DR Congo) and Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (ICCN, DR Congo) to create and transmit this knowledge to the future generations. The second is building up material resources, mainly local reference collections. The challenge is making funds available to carry out sampling (both extensive and intensive) with modern techniques in the different ecosystems present in the country and to curate and preserve these collections locally and grant financial stability to local MSc and PhD students.

Acknowledgements

This research and other taxonomic research on Afrotropical ants since 2013 was supported by the Belgian General Directorate for Development and Cooperation (DGD), part of the Global Taxonomy Initiative (GTI) within the framework of Capacities for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (CEBioS). Moreover, we want to thank the team of RBINS researchers working on the CANAHIST project of the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO). We also want to acknowledge Peter Hawkes and Francisco Hita Garcia for their usefull suggestions and comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.

Funding program

This study was financially supported by the CANAHIST project of the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) and by the Belgian General Directorate for Development and Cooperation (DGD), part of the Global Taxonomy Initiative (GTI) within the framework of Capacities for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (CEBioS).

Ethics and security

No ethical statement is reported.

Author contributions

Conceptualisation: HA, KG, BG, JCM, EPE, WD. Data curation: KG, BG, EPE. Formal analysis: KG, BG, EPE, WD. Funding acquisition: HA, WD, JCM. Investigation: HA, KG, BG, JCM, EPE, WD. Methodology: HA, KG, BG, JCM, EPE, WD. Resources: HA, KG, BG, JCM, EPE, WD. Supervision: KG, JCM, WD. Visualisation: KG, BG, EPE. Project administration: HA, KG, JCM, WD. Validation: HA, KG, BG, JCM, EPE, WD. Writing – original draft: HA, KG, BG, JCM, EPE, WD. Writing – review and editing: HA, KG, BG, JCM, EPE, WD.

Conflicts of interest

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

References

Supplementary material

Suppl. material 1: List of protected areas in DRC 
Authors:  Ambakina H, Gomez K, Guénard B, Monzenga J-C, Economo EP and Dekoninck W
Data type:  Table
Brief description: 

List of protected areas in DRC. Number in parenthesis represents the approximate area in km2. “*” denotes UNESCO wetland of international importance.

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