A survey of tube spiders (Araneae, Anyphaenidae) from Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China

Zhongjing Wang; Ziying Tang; Yanbin Yao; Shihui Huang; Keke Liu

doi:10.3897/BDJ.12.e133875

Biodiversity Data Journal : Taxonomy & Inventories

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Taxonomy & Inventories

A survey of tube spiders (Araneae, Anyphaenidae) from Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China

Zhongjing Wang^‡, Ziying Tang^‡, Yanbin Yao^§, Shihui Huang^‡, Keke Liu^‡

‡ College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China

§ Jinshan College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China

Corresponding author: Keke Liu (liukeke_1986@126.com)

Academic editor: Yanfeng Tong

Received: 04 Aug 2024 | Accepted: 03 Sep 2024 | Published: 13 Sep 2024

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Wang Z, Tang Z, Yao Y, Huang S, Liu K (2024) A survey of tube spiders (Araneae, Anyphaenidae) from Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China. Biodiversity Data Journal 12: e133875. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e133875

Abstract

Background

Although there have been many recent taxonomic revisions and large-scale faunistic surveys focusing on spiders from Jiangxi Province, many taxa still remain unknown, such as the Anyphaenidae spiders. Therefore, none of the anyphaenid species has been recorded from this Province.

New information

Anyphaenidae spiders were collected from Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China, during the past ten years. A new tube spider species, Anyphaena leidashi Yao & Liu, sp. nov. is diagnosed, described and illustrated. Moreover, three species including A. mogan Song & Chen, 1987, A. wuyi Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2005 and Rathalos xiushanensis (Song & Zhu, 1991) are recorded from Jiangxi Province for the first time. Distributions records are given for all investigated species.

Keywords

Tube spider, survey, taxonomy, distribution

Introduction

The spider family Anyphaenidae is one of the largest families of spiders in the world. They usually occur in the foliage of trees, leaf litter, sometimes in bamboo crust. It consists of 646 species in 58 genera (World Spider Catalog 2024). Of these, 15 species in 3 genera have been reported from China, including Anyphaena cibagou Wang & Mi, 2024 (Xizang), A. grovyle Lin & Li, 2021 (Hainan), A. linzhi Wang & Mi, 2024 (Xizang), A. mogan Song & Chen, 1987 (Zhejiang and Hunan), A. rhynchophysa Feng, Ma & Yang, 2012 (Yunnan), A. sceptile Lin & Li, 2021 (Hainan), A. shenzhen Lin & Li, 2021 (Guangdong), A. shufui Wang & Mi, 2024 (Xizang), A. tibet Lin & Li, 2021 (Xizang), A. wuyi Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2005 (Fujian, Guizhou and Taiwan), A. yejiei Wang & Mi, 2024 (Xizang), A. taiwanensis Chen & Huang, 2011 (Taiwan), Rathalos treecko (Lin & Li 2021) (Hainan), R. xiushanensis (Song & Zhu, 1991) (Sichuan, Hubei and Chongqing), Sinophaena bivalva (Zhang & Song, 2004) (Guangxi) and S. xiweni Lin & Li, 2021 (Sichuan) (World Spider Catalog 2024). It seems these species are distributed widely in the south area of this huge country. However, no species were recorded from Jiangxi Province.

Jiangxi Province is not a biodiversity hotspot for researchers and has not been given enough attention in last ten years in China. Recently, about 100 new species have been discovered from Jiangxi Province, including those such as Agelenidae (Liu et al. 2020a, Liu et al. 2021), Dictynidae (Liu et al. 2018), Oonopidae (Liu et al. 2016, Liu et al. 2019), Phrurolithidae (Liu et al. 2020b, Liu et al. 2020c, Liu et al. 2021, Liu et al. 2022d, Liu et al. 2023), Salticidae (Liu et al. 2017b, Ying et al. 2021, Liu et al. 2022a), Thomisidae (Liu et al. 2017a, Liu et al. 2022c), Gnaphosidae (Liu et al. 2022b), Leptonetidae (Liu et al. 2023) and Anyphaenidae (this study). These discoveries in species diversity are well demonstrated by spiders. However, there are still many species requiring study. While examining spiders collected from Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve in southwest area of Jiangxi, we found these four species belonging to Anyphaena, described a new species with photographs and provided distribution map for them.

Materials and methods

Specimens were examined using a SZ6100 stereomicroscope. Both male and female copulatory organs were dissected and examined in 80% ethanol using an Olympus CX43 compound microscope with a KUY NICE CCD camera. Epigynes were cleared with pancreatin solution (Álvarez-Padilla and Hormiga 2007). Maps were made using the software Arcgis (V. 10.8). Specimens, including dissected male palps and epigynes, were preserved in 75% ethanol after examination. Types are deposited in the Animal Specimen Museum, College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University (ASM-JGSU).

The measurements were taken using a stereomicroscope (AxioVision SE64 Rel. 4.8.3) and are given in millimeters. The body lengths of all specimens exclude the chelicerae and spinnerets. Terminology of the male and female genitalia follows Ramírez (2014) and Baba and Tanikawa (2017). The abbreviations used in the figures and text are: ALE − anterior lateral eye, AME − anterior median eye, At – atrium, CD − copulatory duct, CO − copulatory opening, Con – conductor, d – dorsal, Em – embolus, FD − fertilization duct, Fe – femur, GA − glandular appendage, MA − median apophysis, p – prolateral, Pa – patella, r – retrolateral, RTA − retrolateral tibial apophysis, Spe – spermatheca, Ti – tibia, v – ventral.

Taxon treatments

Anyphaena leidashi Yao & Liu, sp. nov.

Materials Download as CSV

Holotype:

scientificName:
Anyphaena leidashi Yao & Liu, sp. nov.
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Jiangxi
; locality:
Ji’an City, Jinggangshan County Level City, Jingzhushan
; verbatimElevation:
1105 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26°32'42.39"N, 114°06'35.15"E
; georeferenceProtocol:
GPS
; samplingProtocol:
handing
; eventDate:
02-23-2024
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Liu Ke-Ke
; occurrenceID:
15139ABE-9547-5FEF-8F47-A550BF4F667B

Paratypes:

scientificName:
Anyphaena leidashi Yao & Liu, sp. nov.
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Jiangxi
; locality:
Ji’an City, Jinggangshan County Level City, Jingzhushan
; verbatimElevation:
1105 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26°32'42.39"N, 114°06'35.15"E
; georeferenceProtocol:
GPS
; samplingProtocol:
handing
; eventDate:
02-23-2024
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Liu Ke-Ke
; occurrenceID:
6D8DC4E3-3A72-5037-BC18-E32BA7DDAB03
scientificName:
Anyphaena leidashi Yao & Liu, sp. nov.
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Jiangxi
; locality:
Ji’an City, Jinggangshan County Level City, Jingzhushan
; verbatimElevation:
1105 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26°32'42.39"N, 114°06'35.15"E
; georeferenceProtocol:
GPS
; samplingProtocol:
handing
; eventDate:
02-23-2024
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Liu Ke-Ke
; occurrenceID:
478D3C51-DFFB-57B5-B484-2459577D40F8
scientificName:
Anyphaena leidashi Yao & Liu, sp. nov.
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Jiangxi
; locality:
Ji’an City, Jinggangshan County Level City, Jingzhushan
; verbatimElevation:
1105 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26°32'42.39"N, 114°06'35.15"E
; georeferenceProtocol:
GPS
; samplingProtocol:
handing
; eventDate:
02-23-2024
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
adult
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Liu Ke-Ke
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scientificName:
Anyphaena leidashi Yao & Liu, sp. nov.
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Jiangxi
; locality:
Ji’an City, Jinggangshan County Level City, Jingzhushan
; verbatimElevation:
1105 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26°32'42.39"N, 114°06'35.15"E
; georeferenceProtocol:
GPS
; samplingProtocol:
handing
; eventDate:
02-23-2024
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Liu Ke-Ke
; occurrenceID:
292F495E-2BD3-580C-A324-11C246288F65
scientificName:
Anyphaena leidashi Yao & Liu, sp. nov.
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Jiangxi
; locality:
Ji’an City, Jinggangshan County Level City, Jingzhushan
; verbatimElevation:
1105 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26°32'42.39"N, 114°06'35.15"E
; georeferenceProtocol:
GPS
; samplingProtocol:
handing
; eventDate:
02-23-2024
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Liu Ke-Ke
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B3132E8F-050F-51BB-8497-07F62FF79334
scientificName:
Anyphaena leidashi Yao & Liu, sp. nov.
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Jiangxi
; locality:
Ji’an City, Jinggangshan County Level City, Jingzhushan
; verbatimElevation:
1105 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26°32'42.39"N, 114°06'35.15"E
; georeferenceProtocol:
GPS
; samplingProtocol:
handing
; eventDate:
02-23-2024
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
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adult
; recordedBy:
Liu Ke-Ke
; occurrenceID:
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scientificName:
Anyphaena leidashi Yao & Liu, sp. nov.
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Jiangxi
; locality:
Ji’an City, Jinggangshan County Level City, Jingzhushan
; verbatimElevation:
1105 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26°32'42.39"N, 114°06'35.15"E
; georeferenceProtocol:
GPS
; samplingProtocol:
handing
; eventDate:
02-23-2024
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Liu Ke-Ke
; occurrenceID:
599D1805-CEAD-584E-BCB6-7389399AFCBA
scientificName:
Anyphaena leidashi Yao & Liu, sp. nov.
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Jiangxi
; locality:
Ji’an City, Jinggangshan County Level City, Jingzhushan
; verbatimElevation:
1105 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26°32'42.39"N, 114°06'35.15"E
; georeferenceProtocol:
GPS
; samplingProtocol:
handing
; eventDate:
02-23-2024
; individualCount:
1
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female
; lifeStage:
adult
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Liu Ke-Ke
; occurrenceID:
BD6B7ACC-D65C-53D3-A464-11E994522F9D

Description

Male (holotype) (Fig. 1A, B). Total length 3.43 mm.

Figure 1.

Anyphaena leidashi sp. nov., habitus. A, B male holotype, dorsal and ventral views, black arrow shows the palpal femur with a cluster of strong spines proximally; C, D female paratype, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Carapace 1.72 long, 1.43 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances (Fig. 1A): AME 0.07, ALE 0.11, PME 0.11, PLE 0.12, AME−AME 0.05, AME−ALE 0.03, PME−PME 0.13, PME−PLE 0.1, AME−PME 0.18, AME−PLE 0.21, ALE−ALE 0.26, PLE−PLE 0.49, ALE−PLE 0.07. MOA 0.33 long, front width 0.19, back width 0.3. Chelicerae (Fig. 1B) with a long fang and three promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. Endites (Fig. 1B) longer than wide. Labium wider than long. Sternum (Fig. 1B) oval, anteriorly flat, posterior end blunt. Legs (Fig. 1A, B): measurements: I 4.43 (1.22, 0.51, 1.09, 0.96, 0.65); II 5.35 (1.51, 0.7, 1.43, 1.1, 0.61); III 4.43 (1.23, 0.57, 1.05, 1.06, 0.52); IV 5.89 (1.62, 0.71, 1.38, 1.57, 0.61); spination: I Fe: d4; Ti: p4, r2, v6; Mt: d4, p3, r2, v2; II Fe: d2; Ti: d1, p3, r3, v5; Mt: d4, p2, r3, v2; III Fe: d4 ; Ti: d2, p2, r2, v4; Mt: d6, p4, r3, v4; IV Fe: d4; Ti: d3, p4, r3, v3; Mt: d6, p5, r4, v6. Abdomen (Fig. 1A, B) 1.57 long, 1.25 wide.

Coloration (Fig. 1A, B). Carapace yellow to brown, medially yellow, laterally brown. Chelicerae brown. Endites yellow. Labium brown. Sternum yellow, with brown lateral margin. Legs yellow to pale brown, femora yellow, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi brown. Abdomen pale brown to dark brown, medially with a broad dark stripe; venter with a broad brown stripe.

Palp (Fig. 1B and Fig. 2A−C). Femur bears a cluster of strong spines proximally. Retrolateral tibial apophysis strong, shoe-shaped in ventral view, rod-like with an upward thick hook-shaped branch at base in retrolateral view. Median apophysis hook-shaped, curved ventrally. Conductor translucent, trapezoidal, with a triangular-shaped tip. Embolus flagelliform, arising from 9 o’clock and ending at ~ 1 o’clock on tegulum.

Figure 2.

Anyphaena leidashi sp. nov.. A palp of holotype, prolateral view; B same, ventral view; C same, retrolateral view; D epigyne of paratype, ventral view; E same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: At − atrium; CD − copulatory ducts; CO − copulatory openings; Con − conductor; Em − embolus; FD − fertilization duct; GA − glandular appendages; MA − median apophysis; RTA − retrolateral tibial apophysis; Spe − spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Female. As in male, except as noted.

Habitus as in Fig. 1C, D. As in male, except as noted. Total length 4.48.

Carapace 1.93 long, 1.57 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances (Fig. 1C): AME 0.09, ALE 0.13, PME 0.11, PLE 0.13, AME−AME 0.06, AME−ALE 0.02, PME−PME 0.13, PME−PLE 0.11, AME−PME 0.2, AME−PLE 0.24, ALE−ALE 0.28, PLE−PLE 0.55, ALE−PLE 0.07. MOA 0.38 long, front width 0.23, back width 0.35. Abdomen (Fig. 1C, D) 2.58 long, 1.89 wide. Leg (Fig. 1C, D) measurements: I 6.41 (1.76, 0.8, 1.71, 1.36, 0.78); II 6 (1.69, 0.71, 1.58, 1.27, 0.75); III 4.8 (1.35, 0.64, 1.07, 1.2, 0.54); IV 6.63 (1.91, 0.79, 1.56, 1.68, 0.69); spination: I Fe: d4, p1; Ti: d2, p2, r3, v6; Mt: d4, p2, r2, v2; II Fe: d4, r1; Ti: d2, p2, r2, v2; Mt: d4, p2, r2, v2; III Fe: d4; Pa: r1; Ti: d4, p2, r2, v2; Mt: d6, p2, r4, v4; IV Fe: d4; Pa: r1; Ti: d4, p3, r2, v3; Mt: d6, p4, r2, v6.

Coloration (Fig. 1C, D). Lighter than male. Abdomen, with short chevron-shaped dark brown stripes medially, laterally with many dark brown spots.

Epigyne (Fig. 2D, E). Epigynal plate longer than wide, antero-medially with a sclerotized hood. Atrium slender, with a large biconvex scutum in medial part of the epigynum. Copulatory openings small, covered by the biconvex scutum. Glandular appendages small, balloon-like, located at the posterior part of copulatory ducts. Copulatory ducts relatively broad, extending from anterior to sub-posterior vulva. Spermathecae oval, large, convergent, with parallel inner margin and a distinct constriction. Fertilization ducts relatively long, located postero-medially, directed anteriorly.

Diagnosis

Males of this new species are similar to those of Anyphaena taiwanensis Chen & Huang, 2011 (Chen and Huang (2011): 80, figs 4, 5) and A. yoshitakei Baba & Tanikawa, 2017 (Baba and Tanikawa (2017): 31, fig. 1F, G) in having the shoe-shaped tibial apophysis with an upward thick hook-shaped branch at base, the hook-shaped median apophysis curved ventrally and the flagelliform embolus, but can be distinguished from it by the translucent trapezoidal conductor with a triangular-shaped tip (vs the oval conductor with a long nose-shaped tip in A. taiwanensis and the sub-trapezoidal conductor with a blunt saddle-like tip in A. yoshitakei) (Fig. 2A−C). Female of this species can be easily distinguished from that of A. taiwanensis (Chen and Huang (2011): 80, figs 8, 9) and A. yoshitakei (Baba and Tanikawa (2017): 31, fig. 1C, D) by the slender atrium (vs relatively broad in A. taiwanensis and A. yoshitakei) and the parallel inner margin of spermathecae (vs slightly splayed in A. taiwanensis and convergent in A. yoshitakei) (Fig. 2D, E).

Etymology

The specific name is a noun in apposition and refers to the type locality, Chinese characters "雷打石".

Distribution

Known only from the type locality in Jiangxi Province, China (Fig. 3).

Figure 3.

The location of the Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve in China indicated by a large black dot.

Biology

Specimens were mainly collected under the bark in a broad-leaved forest.

Anyphaena mogan Song & Chen, 1987

Nomenclature

Anyphaena mogan Song & Chen, 1987 - Song and Chen (1987): 13, figs 1−5 (holotype female, not examined; Zhejiang, Huzhou); Chen and Zhang (1991): 260, fig. 273.1-6 (♂♀); Song et al. (1999): 402, fig. 237J−K, N−P (♂♀); Yin et al. (2012): 1064, fig. 557 (♂♀).

Materials Download as CSV

scientificName:
Anyphaena mogan Song & Chen, 1987
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Jiangxi
; locality:
Ji’an City, Qingyuan District, Dawushan
; verbatimElevation:
1031 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26°40'48.69"N, 115°25'07.79"E
; georeferenceProtocol:
GPS
; samplingProtocol:
handing
; eventDate:
10-25-2020
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Liu Ke-Ke
; occurrenceID:
2901CB49-F3FA-5E51-8AD4-2CAE45AA6625
scientificName:
Anyphaena mogan Song & Chen, 1987
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Jiangxi
; locality:
Ji’an City, Jinggangshan County Level City, Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve, Bijiashan Scenic Spot
; verbatimElevation:
383 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26°30'55.45"N, 114°12'12.05"E
; georeferenceProtocol:
GPS
; samplingProtocol:
handing
; eventDate:
05-01-2021
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
male
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Liu Ke-Ke
; occurrenceID:
3BDF9393-2041-568A-BFDD-0657DF384603
scientificName:
Anyphaena mogan Song & Chen, 1987
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Jiangxi
; locality:
Ji’an City, Jinggangshan County Level City, Longtan Scenic Spot
; verbatimElevation:
927 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26°31'51.6"N, 114°7'55.2"E
; georeferenceProtocol:
GPS
; samplingProtocol:
handing
; eventDate:
06-01-2014
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Liu Ke-Ke
; occurrenceID:
5ACDE752-5BA6-52CA-839C-30FB74136CFE
scientificName:
Anyphaena mogan Song & Chen, 1987
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Jiangxi
; locality:
Ji’an City, Jinggangshan County Level City, Huangao Township, Xiaoxi Forest Farm
; verbatimElevation:
365 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26°28'8.4"N, 114°12'36"E
; georeferenceProtocol:
GPS
; samplingProtocol:
handing
; eventDate:
05-30-2017
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Liu Ke-Ke
; occurrenceID:
ABF27176-E584-54F1-B9DD-DB58D685558C
scientificName:
Anyphaena mogan Song & Chen, 1987
; country:
China
; stateProvince:
Jiangxi
; locality:
Ji’an City, Jinggangshan County Level City, Ciping Town
; verbatimElevation:
950 m
; verbatimCoordinates:
26°34'12.89"N, 114°07'41.87"E
; georeferenceProtocol:
GPS
; samplingProtocol:
handing
; eventDate:
09-30-2018
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
adult
; recordedBy:
Liu Ke-Ke
; occurrenceID:
91310683-DF2B-5DAD-A32A-E2A14E6F92DA