Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomy & Inventories
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Corresponding author: Anh Van Pham (phamanh@hus.edu.vn)
Academic editor: Riccardo Castiglia
Received: 18 Aug 2024 | Accepted: 11 Nov 2024 | Published: 15 Nov 2024
© 2024 Vinh Dau, Thao Hoang, Truong Nguyen, Anh Pham
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Dau V, Hoang T, Nguyen T, Pham A (2024) New records and an updated list of reptiles from Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. Biodiversity Data Journal 12: e134976. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e134976
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Thanh Hoa Province is located in North Central Vietnam and the Province contains a large area of 393,361.33 hectares of natural forest. A complexity of landforms has given this Province a high level of biodiversity potential. However, the reptile fauna of Thanh Hoa Province is still underestimated. Previous studies documented 111 species of reptiles from this Province.
As a result of our field surveys in Pu Luong and Xuan Lien Nature Reserves, we report five species of reptiles for the first time from Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam, namely Plestiodon tamdaoensis, Scincella devorator (Scincidae), Elaphe taeniura, Pareas macularius and Pseudoxenodon macrops (Colubridae), with novel data about morphological characteristics. In addition, we provide an updated checklist of 116 species of reptiles from Thanh Hoa Province. The reptile fauna of Thanh Hoa Province also contains a number of species of conservation concern: 22 species listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam, 22 species listed in the IUCN Red List, 18 species listed in the Vietnam Governmental Decree No. 84; and 21 species listed in CITES appendices.
distribution, Pu Luong Nature Reserve, morphology, reptiles, taxonomy, Xuan Lien Nature Reserve
The reptile fauna is not only an important component of the global biodiversity, but also serves as important bioindicator for ecosystem health (
In this study, our objectives are to: (1) report the new records of reptiles from Thanh Hoa Province, based on newly-collected materials from Pu Luong and Xuan Lien Nature Reserves, (2) Provide an updated checklist of species of reptiles from Thanh Hoa Province and (3) assess the conservation status of the reptiles from Thanh Hoa Province using the IUCN Red List criteria, Red Data Book of Vietnam, the Vietnam Governmental Decree No. 84 and CITES appendices.
Sampling
Field surveys were conducted in Xuan Lien Nature Reserve (NR) from 15 to 19 June 2007 by A.V Pham and in Pu Luong NR from 25 to 30 June 2023 by V.Q Dau and T.N Hoang and from 11 to 18 July 2023 by V.Q Dau. In addition, pitfall traps were also set up in Pu Luong NR from 3 November 2023 to 2 January 2024 and from 13 June to 13 July 2024 by V.Q Dau and T.N Hoang. The coordinates (WGS 84) and elevations were determined by using the GPS Garmin 62SX.
Field surveys were permitted by the Directorates of Pu Luong NR (permit No. 05/KBTPL issued on 27 July 2023). Specimens were collected by hand between 08:00 h and 22:00 h. Pitfall traps were checked every two days. Specimens were euthanised in a closed vessel with a piece of cotton wool containing ethyl acetate (
For taxonomic identification, we referred to the descriptions of
Morphological characters
Measurements were taken with a digital calliper to the nearest 0.1 mm. Terminology of morphological characters followed
Statistic analyses were performed with the PAST Statistics software version 2.17 (
Morphological characters of the specimen from Thanh Hoa Province agreed well with the descriptions of
Colouration in preservative. Dorsal surface of head, body and tail brown with two cream stripes on head and three cream stripes on body; lateral band black-brown; ventral surface light brown (Fig.
In Vietnam, this species has been recorded from Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Bac Kan, Vinh Phuc, Bac Giang, Hai Duong, Son La, Hoa Binh and Nghe An Provinces (
Type locality: Tamdao, Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam (
The specimen was found at 10:00 h on the ground. The surrounding habitat was bamboo forest and shrub.
Morphological characters of the specimen from Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam, agreed with the descriptions of
Colouration in preservative. Dorsal surface of head, body and tail base brownish-grey, with a dark vertebral stripe and two silver grey clear bands extending from parietals to base of tail; a distinct dark stripe from behind the eye to hind limb in upper lateral zone; venter and under surface of tail base cream (Fig.
In Vietnam, this species has been recorded from Quang Ninh, Bac Giang, Vinh Phuc and Son La Provinces (
Type locality: Uong Bi, Quang Ninh Province (
The specimen was found at 16:00 h, under a carpet of fallen leaves. The surrounding habitat was disturbed evergreen forest of medium hardwood and shrub.
Morphological characters of the specimen from Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam, agreed with the descriptions of
Colouration in preservative. Dorsal surface of head and body brownish above, the head and neck uniform, with a black stripe on each side of the head, broadest behind the eye; anterior part of the back with a vertebral series of large black butterfly-shaped spots and smaller diamond-shaped ones on lateral; posterior part of back with a pale grey vertebral stripe, 3 or 4 scales wide and a broad black stripe on each side, 6 scales wide; this interrupted by light spots or transverse bars as far as the vent; ventral yellowish, with black spots in the outer margins. Tail black with four light stripes extending along each of the lateral, vertebral and ventral (Fig.
In Vietnam, this is a widespread species known, from Lao Cai and Cao Bang Provinces in the north, southwards to Kon Tum and Gia Lai Provinces (
Type locality: China: Zhejiang, Ningbo; Ningpo and Siam; Siam, Ningpo (
The subadult was found at 20:00 h on the forest floor. The surrounding habitat was evegreen forest.
Morphological characters of the specimen from Thanh Hoa Province agreed well with the descriptions of
Colouration in preservative. Dorsal surface of head, body and tail grey-brown dorsally, with transverse bars on the back composed of black spots and small white dots; rudimentary brown on nuchal collar present; ventral light brown with many dark blotches (Figs
In Vietnam, this species has been reported from Bac Kan, Cao Bang, Vinh Phuc, Hai Duong, Hoa Binh, Lai Chau, Nghe An and Quang Binh Provinces (
Type locality: “Tenasserim” [= Tanintharyi Div., S Myanmar] (
The specimen was found at 20:00 h on the ground. The surrounding habitat was karst forest composed of small hardwoods, liane and shrub.
Morphological characters of the specimens from Thanh Hoa Province agreed well with the descriptions of
Colouration in preservative. Dorsal surface brownish-grey with short white cross-bars of black edge; a large V-shaped black spots on neck; chin and venter yellowish-cream, with large black spots anteriorly (Fig.
In Vietnam, this species has been recorded from Lai Chau, Lao Cai, Son La, Vinh Phuc, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Da Nang and Lam Dong Provinces (
Type locality: "near Darjiling" [Darjeeling, E India] (
Two subadults were found between 09:00 h and 12:00 h on the ground, near a slow flowing stream. The surrounding habitat was evergreen secondary forest.
Statistical analyses showed that the species composition of the reptile fauna of Pu Luong NR is most similar to that of Ben En National Park (djk = 0.55319) with 21 species recorded in both areas, whereas it is only 0.42424 between Pu Luong NP and Xuan Lien NR (see Table
Similarity (Sorensen coefficient index) of the species composition of the reptiles fauna between natural reserves (Pu Hu, Pu Luong and Xuan Lien), Ben En National Park and Nam Dong Valuable Gymnosperm Conservation Area.
Ben En National Park |
Xuan Lien NR |
Pu Hu NR |
Nam Dong, Valuable Gymnosperm Conservation Area |
Pu Luong NR |
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Ben En National Park |
1 |
||||
Xuan Lien NR |
0.50485 |
1 |
|||
Pu Hu NR |
0.69048 |
0.44944 |
1 |
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Nam Dong Valuable Gymnosperm Conservation Area |
0.55652 |
0.56667 |
0.51485 |
1 |
|
Pu Luong NR |
0.55319 |
0.42424 |
0.45000 |
0.48649 |
1 |
Our new findings bring the total number of reptile species from Xuan Lien NR to 54 and that of Pu Luong NR to 37. The new records also bring the total number of reptiles species to 116 in Thanh Hoa Province, comprising 8 species of Agamidae, 8 species of Gekkonidae, 14 species of Scincidae, 2 species of Lacertidae, 1 species of Varanidae, 1 species of Pythonidae, 2 species of Typhlopidae, 1 species of Xenopeltidae, 51 species of Colubridae, 1 species of Pseudaspididae, 6 species of Elapidae, 2 Homalopsidae, 4 species of Viperidae, 1 species of Platysternidae, 2 species of Testudinidae, 9 species of Geoemydidae and 3 species of Trionychidae (Table
List of reptile species recorded from Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. * = new record for Thanh Hoa Province; 1 =
Name |
Previous record |
RBVN 2007 |
IUCN 2024 |
Decree 84/2021 |
CITES 2023 |
SQUAMATA |
|||||
Agamidae |
|||||
Acanthosaura lepidogaster (Cuvier, 1829) |
1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 11 |
||||
Calotes emma Gray, 1845 |
1, 2, 5, 10, 11 |
||||
Calotes mystaceus Duméril & Bibron, 1837 |
5 |
||||
Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1820) |
1, 5, 10 |
||||
Draco maculatus (Gray, 1845) |
1, 2, 10, 11 |
||||
Leiolepis belliana (Hardwicke & Gray, 1827) |
1, 10 |
||||
Leiolepis reevesii (Gray, 1831) |
1, 10 |
VU |
|||
Physignathus cocincinus Cuvier, 1829 |
1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 11 |
VU |
VU |
II |
|
Gekkonidae |
|||||
Hemidactylus frenatus Duméril & Bibron, 1836 |
1, 2, 5, 10, 11 |
||||
Hemidactylus garnotii Dumeril & Bibron,1836 |
11 |
||||
Hemidactylus vietnamensis Daversky, Kupriyanova & Kupriyanova, 1984 |
1, 2, 5, 10 |
||||
Gehyra mutilata (Wiegmann, 1834) |
2, 10 |
||||
Gekko palmatus Boulenger, 1907 |
3, 5, 11 |
||||
Gekko reevesii (Gray, 1831) |
1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 11 |
VU |
|||
Cyrtodactylus bobrovi Nguyen, Le, Pham, Ngo, Hoang, Pham & Zeigler, 2015 |
7 |
||||
Cyrtodactylus puhuensis Nguyen, Yang, Thi Le, Nguyen, Orlov, Hoang, Nguyen, Jin, Rao, Hoang, Che, Murphy & Zhang, 2014 |
4, 11 |
||||
Scincidae |
|||||
Eutropis chapaensis (Bourret, 1937) |
1, 10 |
||||
Eutropis longicaudatus (Hallowell, 1857) |
1, 2, 5, 10 |
||||
Eutropis macularius (Blyth, 1853) |
1, 2, 5, 10, 11 |
||||
Eutropis multifasciatus (Kuhl, 1820) |
1, 2, 5, 10, 11 |
||||
Lygosoma siamense Siler, Heitz, Davis, Freitas, Aowphol, Termprayoon & Grismer, 2018 |
1, 10 |
||||
Plestiodon elegans (Boulenger, 1887) |
1, 10 |
||||
Plestiodon quadrilineatus Blyth, 1853 |
1, 5, 10 |
||||
Plestiodon tamdaoensis (Bourret, 1937)* |
13 |
||||
Scincella devorator (Darevsky, Orlov & Cuc, 2004)* |
13 |
||||
Scincella reevesii (Gray, 1838) |
1, 10, 11 |
||||
Sphenomorphus cryptotis Darewsky, Orlov & Ho, 2004 |
3, 11 |
||||
Sphenomorphus indicus (Blyth, 1853) |
1, 10, 11 |
||||
Sphenomorphus maculatus (Blyth, 1853) |
3 |
||||
Tropidophorus hainanus Smith, 1923 |
3, 11 |
||||
Lacertidae |
|||||
Takydromus kuehnei Van Denburgh, 1909 |
1, 5, 10 |
||||
Takydromus sexlineatus Daudin, 1802 |
1, 3, 5, 10, 11 |
||||
Varanidae |
|||||
Varanus salvator Laurenti, 1786 |
1, 2, 3, 10, 11 |
EN |
IIB |
II |
|
Pythonidae |
|||||
Python bivittatus Kuhl, 1820 |
1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 12 |
CR |
IIB |
I |
|
Xenopeltidae |
|||||
Xenopeltis unicolor Reinwartd, in Boie, 1827 |
1, 2, 6, 10, 12 |
||||
Typhlopidae |
|||||
Indotyphlops braminus (Daudin, 1803) |
1, 2, 10, 11, 12 |
||||
Argyrophis diardii (Schlegel, 1839) |
1, 10 |
||||
Colubridae |
|||||
Ahaetulla prasina (Boie, 1827) |
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12 |
||||
Amphiesma stolatum (Linnaeus, 1758) |
1, 6, 10 |
||||
Boiga bourreti Tillack, Ziegler & Khac Quyet, 2004 |
11, 12 |
EN |
|||
Boiga guangxiensis Wen, 1998 |
6, 11, 12 |
||||
Boiga multomaculata (Boie, 1827) |
2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12 |
||||
Calamaria pavimentata Duméril, Bibron&Duméril, 1854 |
5 |
||||
Calamaria septentrionalis Boulenger, 1890 |
1, 3, 6, 10, 11, 12 |
||||
Coelognathus radiatus (Boie, 1827) |
1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12 |
VU |
|||
Dendrelaphis ngansonensis (Bourret, 1935) |
1, 10, 11, 12 |
||||
Dendrelaphis pictus (Gmelin, 1789) |
1, 6, 11, 12 |
||||
Elaphe moellendorffi (Boettger, 1864) |
5 |
VU |
VU |
||
Elaphe taeniura Cope, 1861 |
13 |
VU |
|||
Fowlea flavipunctatus (Hallowell, 1860) |
1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 12 |
||||
Gonyosoma boulengeri (Mocquard, 1897) |
6, 12 |
||||
Gonyosoma coeruleum Liu, Hou, Lwin, Wang & Rao, 2021 |
11, 12 |
||||
Gonyosoma hainanense (Peng, Zhang, Huang, Burbrink, Chen, Hou, Zhu, Yang, Wang, 2021) |
11 |
||||
Hebius annamensis Bourret, 1934 |
6 |
||||
Hebius boulengeri (Gressitt, 1937) |
6 |
||||
Hebius khasiensis (Boulenger, 1890) |
11, 12 |
||||
Liopeltis frenata (Günther, 1858) |
12 |
||||
Lycodon chapaensis (Angel & Bourret, 1933) |
11, 12 |
||||
Lycodon davisonii (Blanford, 1878) |
3, 6 |
||||
Lycodon flavozonatus (Pope, 1928) |
11, 12 |
||||
Lycodon futsingensis (Pope, 1928) |
1, 6, 11, 12 |
||||
Lycodon meridionalis (Bourret, 1935) |
6, 11, 12 |
||||
Lycodon chapaensis (Angel & Bourret, 1933) |
9, 12 |
||||
Lycodon ruhstrati (Fischer, 1886) |
1, 5, 6, 10, 12 |
||||
Lycodon septentrionalis (Günther, 1875) |
2 | ||||
Lycodon subcinctus Boie, 1827 |
1, 5, 11, 12 |
||||
Oligodon catenatus (Blyth, 1855) |
5 |
||||
Oligodon chinensis (Günther, 1888) |
6 |
||||
Oligodon cyclurus (Cantor, 1839) |
11, 12 |
||||
Oligodon fasciolatus (Günther, 1864)* |
12 |
||||
Oligodon taeniatus (Günther, 1861) |
6 |
||||
Oreocryptophis porphyraceus (Cantor, 1839) |
6 |
VU |
|||
Pareas carinatus Wagler, 1830 |
8, 11, 12 |
||||
Pareas hamptoni (Boulenger, 1905) |
3, 6, 8, 11, 12 |
||||
Pareas macularius Theobald, 1868* |
13 |
||||
Pareas margaritophorus (Jan, 1866) |
11, 12 |
||||
Pseudoxenodon bambusicola (Vogt 1922) |
5 |
||||
Pseudoxenodon macrops (Blyth, 1855)* |
13 |
||||
Ptyas korros (Schlegel, 1837) |
1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 11, 12 |
EN |
NT |
||
Ptyas mucosa (Linnaeus, 1758) |
1, 2, 3, 6, 10 |
EN |
IIB |
||
Ptyas multicinctus (Roux, 1907) |
3, 5, 6, 11, 12 |
||||
Rhabdophis chrysargos (Schlegel, 1837) |
1, 2, 10 |
||||
Rhabdophis helleri (Schmidt, 1925) |
1, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12 |
||||
Rhabdophis nigrocinctus (Blyth, 1856) |
12 |
||||
Rhabdophis siamensis (Mell, 1931) |
12 |
||||
Sibynophis chinensis (Günther, 1889) |
12 |
||||
Trimerodytes percarinatus Boulenger, 1899 |
3, 5, 6, 11, 12 |
||||
Trimerodytes aequifasciatus (Barbour, 1908) |
6 |
||||
Xenochrophis trianguligerus (Boie, 1827) |
12 |
||||
Pseudaspididae |
|||||
Psammodynastes pulverulentus (Boie, 1827) |
1, 3, 6, 8, 10 |
||||
Elapidae |
|||||
Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider, 1801) |
1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 11, 12 |
EN |
|||
Bungarus multicinctus Blyth, 1861 |
1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12 |
VU |
|||
Bungarus slowinskii Kuch, Kizirian, Nguyen, Lawson, Donnelly & Mebs, 2005 |
6 |
VU |
|||
Naja atra Cantor, 1842 |
1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 12 |
EN |
VU |
IIB |
|
Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) |
1, 2, 3, 6, 10 |
CR |
VU |
IB |
I |
Sinomicrurus macclellandi (Reinhardt 1844) |
1, 5, 6, 10, 12 |
||||
Homalopsidae |
|||||
Myrrophis chinensis (Gray, 1842) |
1, 6, 10, 11 |
||||
Hypsiscopus plumbea (Boie 1827) |
1, 3, 5, 6, 10, 12 |
||||
Viperidae |
|||||
Trimeresurus albolabris Gray, 1842 |
1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 11, 12 |
||||
Ovophis tonkinensis (Bourret, 1934) |
11, 12 |
||||
Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (Cantor, 1839) |
3, 5, 6, 11, 12 |
||||
Trimeresurus stejnegeri Schmidt, 1925 |
3, 6, 8 |
||||
TESTUDINES |
|||||
Platysternidae |
|||||
Platysternon megacephalum Gray, 1831 |
1, 2, 3, 4, 10 |
EN |
CR |
IB |
I |
Testudinidae |
|||||
Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1854) |
1, 10 |
EN |
CR |
IIB |
II |
Manouria impressa (Günther, 1882) |
1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11 |
VU |
EN |
IIB |
II |
Geoemydidae |
|||||
Cuora cyclornata Blanck, Mccord & Le, 2006 |
1, 10 |
CR |
IB |
II |
|
Cuora galbinifrons (Bourret, 1939) |
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11 |
EN |
CR |
IB |
I |
Cuora mouhotii (Gray 1862) |
1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 11 |
EN |
IIB |
II |
|
Cyclemys oldhamii Gray, 1863 |
3, 4 |
EN |
IIB |
II |
|
Geoemyda spengleri (Gmelin, 1789) |
3, 4, 10 |
EN |
IIB |
II |
|
Heosemys grandis (Gray, 1860) |
3, 4 |
VU |
CR |
IIB |
II |
Malayemys subtrijuga (Schlegel & Müller, 1845) |
2 |
VU |
NT |
IIB |
II |
Mauremys sinensis (Gray, 1834) |
1, 10 |
CR |
II |
||
Sacalia quadriocellata (Siebenrock, 1903) |
1, 10 |
CR |
IIB |
II |
|
Trionychidae |
|||||
Palea steindachneri (Siebenrock, 1906) |
1, 2, 10, 11 |
VU |
CR |
IIB |
II |
Pelodiscus variegatus Farkas, Ziegler, Pham, Ong & Fritz, 2019 |
1, 2, 3, 5, 10 |
VU |
|||
Rafetus swinhoei (Gray, 1873) |
1 |
CR |
CR |
IB |
II |
In terms of conservation concern, amongst 116 species of reptiles recorded in Thanh Hoa Province, 22 species are listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam (
We are grateful to the Directorates of Xuan Lien and Pu Luong Natural Reserves for support of our fieldwork and issuing relevant permits.