The review of the genus Coccinella (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) from Pakistan

Zafar Iqbal; Rashid Azad; Xu Jin; Muhammad Asghar Hassan; Munawar Abbas; Muhammad Nasir; Imran Bodlah; Muhammad Ali; Karol Szawaryn; Rui-E Nie

doi:10.3897/BDJ.12.e137417

Biodiversity Data Journal : Taxonomy & Inventories

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Taxonomy & Inventories

The review of the genus Coccinella (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) from Pakistan

Zafar Iqbal^‡, Rashid Azad^§, Xu Jin^|, Muhammad Asghar Hassan^¶, Munawar Abbas^#, Muhammad Farooq Nasir^¤, Imran Bodlah^¤, Muhammad Ali^«, Karol Szawaryn^», Rui-E Nie^˄

‡ The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui, China

§ Department of Entomology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

| The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China

¶ Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China

# College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China

¤ Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

« Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Pakistan

» Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Science, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland

˄ ‡ The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui, China

Corresponding author: Karol Szawaryn (k.szawaryn@gmail.com), Rui-E Nie (nrewsq2021@126.com)

Academic editor: Enrico Ruzzier

Received: 19 Sep 2024 | Accepted: 08 Nov 2024 | Published: 21 Nov 2024

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Iqbal Z, Azad R, Jin X, Hassan MA, Abbas M, Nasir M, Bodlah I, Ali M, Szawaryn K, Nie R-E (2024) The review of the genus Coccinella (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) from Pakistan. Biodiversity Data Journal 12: e137417. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e137417

Abstract

Background

The genus Coccinella is reviewed with seven species found in Pakistan: C. luteopicta (Mulsant, 1866), C. marussii Kapur, 1973, C. iranica Dobzhansky, 1926, C. transversalis Fabricius, 1781, C. septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758, C. transversoguttata transversoguttata Faldermann, 1835 and C. undecimpunctata Linnaeus, 1758. Information on prey, host plants, distribution and an identification key for Coccinella species in Pakistan is provided. Additionally, newly-sequenced partial COI (cytochrome-c-oxidase subunit I) for C. luteopicta and C. marussii were used to determine their phylogenetic positions within the genus Coccinella.

New information

This study comprehensively reviews the genus Coccinella in Pakistan and highlights Coccinella luteopicta as a new country record. Morphological features of adults, including male genital characters and an identification key to known species in Pakistan are presented. Records of prey, host plants and distributions for all identified species are included. The new data (COI-barcode) shows that C. luteopicta (Mulsant, 1866) was recorded first in Pakistan.

Keywords

Asia, barcoding, Coccinelloidea, COI, new record, Oriental Region

Introduction

The family Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) comprises over 6,000 species worldwide (Vandenberg 2002, Ślipiński 2007, Robertson et al. 2015) and is currently divided into three subfamilies, Coccinellinae, Monocoryninae and Microweiseinae (Che et al. 2021).

The genus Coccinella belongs to the tribe Coccinellini within the subfamily Coccinellinae. It was established by Linnaeus in 1758. Subsequently, Latreille (1807) designated Coccinella as the type genus of the family Coccinellidae. Dobzhansky (1925) established the foundations of the modern classification of the genus Coccinella. He was the first one to precisely define key characters of the genus, using a distinction in the colour pattern and particularly in the structure of male and female genitalia to separate the genera Oenopia Mulsant, 1850 (= Synharmonia Ganglbauer, 1899) and Coccinula Dobzhansky, 1925. Later, he examined 12 Palaearctic (Dobzhansky 1926) and 10 Nearctic species (Dobzhansky 1931) of Coccinella based on the characters of male and female genitalia. Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1979) catalogued 26 Palaearctic species of Coccinella using type material. Kovář (2005) revised the Palaearctic species of the C. transversoguttata species group. Regional catalogues of Palaearctic and Oriental species were published by Jacobson (1915), Poorani (2002), Kovář (2005), Kovář (2007) and Poorani (2023). This genus contains about 50 species primarily occurring in the Holarctic Region (Ślipiński et al. 2020) extending to Africa, the Orient and the Pacific (Poorani 2023).

Members of this genus are aphidophagous (Ali et al. 2018) and play a vital role in regulating the population of a wide range of soft-sucking insect pests, including aphids, adelgids, psyllids, whiteflies, scale insects and mealybugs (Rafi et al. 2005). To date, six species of Coccinella have been reported from Pakistan (Ahmad 1968, Hashmi and Tashfeen 1992, Khan et al. 1999, Rafi et al. 2005, Ullah et al. 2012, Ali et al. 2012, Ashfaque et al. 2013, Hayat et al. 2017, Iqbal et al. 2017, Ali et al. 2018, Iqbal et al. 2020). The current study summarises the information about Coccinella species in Pakistan including C. luteopicta as a new country record. The prey species, associated plants, geographical distribution and an identification key to the genus Coccinella species in Pakistan are provided. Additionally, cytochrome-c-oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA sequence data of C. luteopicta and C. marussii were generated for the first time to double-check their position.

Materials and methods

Specimens Collection and identification

The adult specimens of ladybird beetles, prey and associated plants were collected from various localities in northern Pakistan during 2015 and 2022. Collected beetles were preserved in 95% ethanol and male genitalia were dissected and cleared in 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH). Specimens were examined and photographed using a Nikon digital camera attached to stereomicroscope SMZ1500. Furthermore, specimens were identified using the following publications: Ahmed et al. (2017), Sasaji (1968), Sasaji (1971), Canepari (1997), Kuznetsov (1997), Kovář (2005), Rafi et al. (2005), Ali et al. (2018) and Poorani (2023). We followed Che et al. (2021) for taxonomic classification; morphological terminology follows Ślipiński (2007).

The following body measurements were taken using an ocular micrometer: total length (TL): from the tip of the clypeus margin to the tip of the elytra; total width (TW): across the widest part of both elytra; head width (HW): in a frontal view; total height (TH): across the highest point of the elytra: pronotal width (PW): at widest part; pronotal length (PL): from the middle of the base to anterior margin of pronotum; elytral length (EL): from apex to base including scutellar shield.

Photographs were edited using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and Helicon Focus 8.1.0. Specimens are deposited at the Laboratory of Biosystematics, Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan (PMAS-AAUR) and the National Insect Museum, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad (NIM).

DNA Barcoding sequencing and analysis

DNA was extracted from the thoracic muscles of the selected adult specimen using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Germany) following the manufacturer’s protocol. Amplification targeting a 418 base pair region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene with invertebrate-specific primers: Primer_F (CCNGAYATRGCNTTYCCNCG) and Primer_R (TANACYTCNGGRTGNCCRAARAAYCA) (Folmer et al. 1994, Arribas et al. 2016). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was prepared in a volume of 25 μl, containing 17.9 μl of PCR water, 2.5 μl of buffer, 0.75 μl of MgCl₂, 0.75 μl of dNTP, 0.75 μl of each primer and 2 μl of template DNA. PCR conditions included an initial denaturation step of 4 min at 94ºC; 35-40 cycles with denaturation for 30 sec at 94ºC, an annealing step for 30 sec at 48ºC and an extension step for 45 sec at 72ºC; and a final extension step of 10 min at 72ºC. The primer with different tags of the PCR is 6 bp. Amplicon pools were cleaned using AMPure XP magnetic beads and used as templates for a limited-cycle secondary PCR amplification to add dual-index barcodes and the Illumina sequencing adapters (Nextera XT Index Kit; Illumina). The resulting barcoding libraries were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq sequencer (2 × 300 bp paired-end reads) on ~ 1% of each of the flow cells and HiSeq 2500 (2 × 250 bp paired-end reads). Sequence processing was carried out by an established pipeline for quality filtering, trimming and merging (Creedy et al. 2019). New barcode data were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers: PP853180 and PP853181 (Suppl. material 1). To construct the phylogenetic tree, we downloaded 23 COI sequences from GenBank and included sequences of Coccinella septempunctata (PP066015) and Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata (PP066016) from specimens collected in Pakistan. Our analyses included 15 taxa of the genus Coccinella; Afidentula manderstjernae (PP066012) and Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (PP066013) were treated as outgroups (Suppl. material 1).

TransAlign (Bininda-Emonds 2005) was used to prepare sequence alignment. IQ-TREE programme (Minh et al. 2020) was used for Maximum Likelihood calculations with 1000 ultrafast bootstraps under model (TIM2+R3+F) selected using ModelFinder (Nguyen et al. 2015), implemented in the IQ-TREE programme. For the Bayesian Inference, MrBayes v.3.2.7a (Ronquist et al. 2012) has been used with two parallel runs and 20,000 generations from which the initial 25% of sampled data were discarded as burn-in. Substitution model for the BI analysis (GTR+I+G+F) was selected using PartitionFinder v.2.1.1 (Lanfear et al. 2017).

Taxon treatments

Coccinella Linnaeus, 1758

Nomenclature

Coccinella Linnaeus, 1758: 364. Type species: Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758, subsequently designated by Latreille (1810): 432.

Diagnosis

Coccinella (Fig. 1A-H) can be distinguished from other genera by the following characters: body 4.5 to 8.5 mm in length, weakly convex and dorsal surface glabrous; anterior clypeal margin straight, with projections at lateral margins; antennae (Fig. 1B) composed of 11 antennomeres, shorter than head capsule, antennal club composed of 3 antennomeres, terminal antennomere apically round or truncate; terminal maxillary palpomere (Fig. 1E) strongly securiform; abdominal postcoxal line laterally incomplete and with additional oblique dividing line; tibiae of legs (Figs. 1G-H) with two spurs at apex; tarsal claw with large subquadrate basal tooth.

Figure 1.

Elements of morphology of the genus Coccinella Linnaeus using Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus. A Head; B Antenna; C Mandible; D Labium; E Maxilla; F Fore-leg; G Hind-leg.

Coccinella luteopicta (Mulsant, 1866)

Nomenclature

Adalia luteopicta Mulsant, 1866: 45; Korschefsky (1932): 433.

Lioadalia luteopicta: Crotch (1874): 104; Mader (1930): 134; Kapur (1958): 326; Miyatake (1967): 74; Bielawski (1971): 7; Kapur (1973): 32; Gordon (1987): 12.

Coccinella luteopicta: Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1982): 395; Canepari (1997): 52; Poorani (2002): 325; Ren et al. (2009): 186; Poorani (2023): 81.

Materials Download as CSV

scientificName:
Coccinella luteopicta
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Mulsant, 1866
; country:
Pakisan
; stateProvince:
Gilgit-Baltistan
; locality:
Ganche, Barah
; verbatimElevation:
2466 m
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35.20556
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76.27444
; samplingProtocol:
mist net
; year:
2015
; month:
7
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13
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
1 male
; institutionCode:
PMAS-AAUR
; occurrenceID:
386FCE80-95B9-520E-8BC3-85AB6F23CE44
scientificName:
Coccinella luteopicta
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Mulsant, 1866
; country:
Pakisan
; stateProvince:
Gilgit-Baltistan
; locality:
Shigar, Chu-Tran
; verbatimElevation:
2434 m
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35.70189
; decimalLongitude:
75.40967
; samplingProtocol:
mist net
; year:
2017
; month:
8
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27
; individualCount:
5
; sex:
2 males, 3 females
; institutionID:
PMAS-AAUR
; occurrenceID:
25BD8176-74F1-5D9D-8205-085080CF1A18
scientificName:
Coccinella luteopicta
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Mulsant, 1866
; country:
Pakisan
; stateProvince:
Gilgit-Baltistan
; locality:
Ganche, Barah
; verbatimElevation:
2466 m
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35.20556
; geodeticDatum:
76.27444
; samplingProtocol:
mist net
; year:
2021
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8
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1
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4
; sex:
2 males, 2 females
; institutionID:
PMAS-AAUR
; occurrenceID:
8DC5F3A3-18E2-58EF-BFA2-BB8155EBFB74

Description

Body (Fig. 2A) elongate-oval and convex, dorsal surface glabrous; head black, mouth-parts and antennae dark-brown; pronotum black with white sub-quadrated marks at antero-lateral margins; scutellar shield completely black; elytra bright red, with reticulate black pattern; ventral side and legs black; prosternal process narrow and carinae present; abdominal postcoxal line (Fig. 2B) recurved and incomplete, expending 1/4 length of ventrite 1 and with indistinct oblique dividing line. Male genitalia (Fig. 2C-F) with penis apex flattened, slightly swollen at 7/9 of its length and then narrowing towards the blunt tip (Fig. 2D), parameres somewhat shorter than the penis guide, with long hairs at inner sides and apices. Penis guide in inner view (Fig. 2E) broader basally, 3/5 length parallel sides, gradually tapering towards the blunt tip.

Figure 2.

Coccinella luteopicta (Mulsant). A dorsal view; B abdomen; C penis; D penis apex; E tegmen inner view; F tegmen lateral view.

Measurements:

TL: 6.20–6.37 mm; TW: 4.27–4.36 mm; HW: 1.40–1.44 mm; TH: 2.01–2.03 mm; EL/TW: 1.10-1.15; TL/TW: 1.46; PL/PW: 0.52-0.54; PW/EW: 0.65-0.66.

Diagnosis

Coccinella luteopicta closely resembles C. transversalis and C. marussii in general appearance, but it can easily be identified by having a reticulate black pattern on the elytra, elytra suture with anterior half-black, penis guide in inner view broader at the base and then gradually tapering towards the blunt tip (Fig. 2E).

Distribution

Pakistan: Gilgit-Baltistan; – India, Nepal, China (Tibet, Yunnan) (Canepari 1997, Poorani 2002, Kovář 2007, Poorani 2023). New country record.

Ecology

Prey. In the present study, C. luteopicta was feeding on Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) and Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera, Aphididae).

Associated Plants. This species was collected from Trifolium alexandrinum Linnaeus (Fabales, Fabaceae) and Brassica oleracea Linnaeus (Brassicales, Brassicaceae) in this study.

Coccinella marussii Kapur, 1973

Nomenclature

Coccinella marussii Kapur, 1973: 374; Poorani (2002): 326; Kovář (2005): 132; Poorani (2023): 82.

Material Download as CSV

scientificName:
Coccinella marussii
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Kapur, 1973
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Gilgit-Baltistan
; locality:
Ghizer, Phandar (Langhar)
; verbatimElevation:
3551 m
; decimalLatitude:
36.04033
; decimalLongitude:
72.63111
; year:
2017
; month:
6
; day:
30
; individualCount:
7
; sex:
3 males, 4 females
; institutionCode:
PMAS-AAUR
; occurrenceID:
39E28467-F793-5EEB-AB98-AA1015BA1340

Description

Body (Fig. 3A) oval and slightly convex, dorsally glabrous; head almost black with triangular pale-yellow spots on each side of frons close to eyes, but not touching eye margin; mouthparts and antennae black or dark-brown; pronotum black with pale yellow quadrangular marking at anterior corners; scutellar shield black; each elytron in nominative form yellow-orange, with five black spots on each elytron, in examined specimens, three antero-lateral spots (humeral, lateral, middle) merged, forming L-shape in anterior portion of elytron; apical spot large sub-oval; scutellar macula large, subcordate; elytral suture with the broad black band; ventral side and legs black, except prothoracic hypomeron pale yellow; elytral epipleura yellow-orange; abdominal postcoxal lines (Fig. 3B) laterally incomplete, descending and expanding to posterior margin of ventrite 1, with oblique dividing line distinct, touching or close to the apex of postcoxal line. Male genitalia can be seen in Fig. 3C-F.

Figure 3.

Coccinella marussii Kapur: A dorsal view; B abdomen; C penis; D penis-apex; E tegmen inner view; F tegmen lateral view.

Measurements:

TL: 5.23–5.64 mm; TW: 3.89–4.09 mm; HW: 1.35–1.43 mm; TH: 1.95–2.34 mm; EL/TW: 1.05; TL/TW: 1.35–1.38; PL/PW: 0.54–0.57.

Diagnosis

This species is similar to C. luteopicta and C. transversalis in external appearance, but it can be distinguished by the apex of the penis guide with a small hastate in the inner view (Fig. 3E) and tongue-shaped apex in the lateral view (Fig. 3F).

Distribution

Pakistan: Gilgit-Baltistan (Kovář 2005, current study); – India (Kashmir) (Kapur 1973, Kovář 2005), Turkey (Fürsch 1981).

Ecology

Prey. In the present study, C. marussii predates on Macrosiphum sp. (Hemiptera, Aphididae).

Associated Plants. This species was collected from Rosa webbiana Wallich ex Royle (Rosales) and Ribes sp. (Saxifragales, Grossulariaceae) (current study).

Notes

This is a rare species in the family Coccinellidae with limited distribution (Kapur 1973, Kovář 2005). See Kovář (2005) for a detailed description and illustration. Poorani (2023) also described and illustrated it from India.

Coccinella transversalis Fabricius, 1781

Nomenclature

Coccinella transversalis Fabricius, 1781: 97; Mulsant (1850): 126; Timberlake (1943): 14; Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1979): 68; Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1982): 391; Pope (1989): 652; Poorani (2002): 326; Rafi et al. (2005): 46; Ali et al. (2012): 170. Abdolahi et al. (2018): 14; Ślipiński et al. (2020): 33; Poorani (2023): 88.

Coccinella repanda: Thunberg (1781): 18; Mulsant (1850): 1022; Crotch (1871): 3; Crotch (1874): 11; Korschefsky (1932): 423; Pope (1987): 62; Ślipiński et al. (2020): 33.

Coccinella contempta: Boisduval (1835): 59; Mulsant (1850): 1022; Pope (1989): 653; Ślipiński et al. (2020): 33.

Materials Download as CSV

scientificName:
Coccinella transversalis
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Fabricius, 1781
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
; locality:
Abbottabad, Kaghan Colony
; verbatimElevation:
1255 m
; decimalLatitude:
34.19139
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73.22500
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2015
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scientificName:
Coccinella transversalis
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Fabricius, 1781
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
; locality:
Mansehra, Nisar Park
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1120 m
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scientificName:
Coccinella transversalis
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Fabricius, 1781
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Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Punjab
; locality:
Chakwal, Dhudiyal
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507 m
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2015
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scientificName:
Coccinella transversalis
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Fabricius, 1781
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
; locality:
Abbottabad, Kaghan Colony
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1255 m
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scientificName:
Coccinella transversalis
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Fabricius, 1781
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Punjab
; locality:
Chakwal, Dhudiyal
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507 m
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33.11000
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73.01222
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2021
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8
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10
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1
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1 male
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PMAS-AAUR
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60B60BFB-EB8E-528E-8976-CB692DCC028D

Description

Body (Fig. 4A) broadly oval and fairly convex, dorsum apparently glabrous; head black with triangular yellowish-white spots on each side of frons; mouthparts and antennae dark brown; pronotum black with white-yellow sub-quadrangular marking on anterior corners, connected at anterior margin; scutellar shield black; elytra orange-red, suture with narrow black band and sub-oval scutellar spot, three transverse markings on base, median and apical of each elytron, basal ones elbow-shape marks, but not touching base, median ones large and wave-like in shape, apical one transverse connected with sutural margin and sometimes entirely covering the apex of elytra as in Fig. 4A; underside and legs black; abdominal-postcoxal line (Fig. 4B) incomplete, not recurved and reaching to posterior margin ventrite 1, oblique dividing line present. Male genitalia as on Fig. 4C-F.

Figure 4.

Coccinella transversalis Fabricius: A dorsal view; B abdomen; C penis; D penis apex; E tegmen inner view; F tegmen lateral view.

Measurements:

TL: 5.30–547 mm; TW: 4.29–4.37 mm; HW: 1.35–1.39 mm; TH: 2.36–2.38 mm; EL/TW: 1.06–1.08; TL/TW: 1.24–1.26; PL/PW: 0.52–0.55.

Diagnosis

Coccinella transversalis can easily be distinguished from C. marussii and C. luteopicta by having three transverse large markings on the elytra and apex of the penis with a slightly dilated and small thread-like appendage at the tip as in Fig. 4D.

Distribution

Pakistan. Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Khan et al. 1999, Rafi et al. 2005, Inayatullah et al. 2005, Khan et al. 2007, Hayat et al. 2017), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Ullah et al. 2012, Saeed et al. 2016, current study), Islamabad, Punjab (Rafi et al. 2005, current study), Sindh (Ali et al. 2012); – India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Japan, China, Indonesia and Sri Lanka, (Poorani 2002, Kovář 2007, Abdolahi et al. 2018).

Ecology

Prey. Rafi et al. (2005) reported that this species feeds on Aphis gossypii Glover, A. fabae Scopoli, A. craccivora Koch, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Lipaphis pseudobrassicae Davis, Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus), Pterochloroides persicae Cholodkovsky, Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) (Hemiptera, Aphididae). During this study, Coccinella transversalis was found to feed on Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) and Sitobion graminis Takahashi (Hemiptera, Aphididae).

Associated plants. Coccinella transversalis was collected from Heteropogon contortus (Linnaeus) (Poales, Poaceae), Tagetes minuta Linnaeus (Asterales, Asteraceae) and Cyperus rotundus Linnaeus (Poales, Cyperaceae) (current study).

Notes

Kovář (2007) considered C. transversalis as a subspecies of C. leonina Fabricius 1775, a species solely endemic to New Zealand. This was followed by Abdolahi et al. (2018). However, Ślipiński et al. (2020) treated C. leonina and C. transversalis as distinct species in their revision of Australo-Pacific Coccinellini.

Coccinella iranica Dobzhansky, 1926

Nomenclature

Coccinella iranica Dobzhansky, 1926: 26; Mader (1930): 165; Korschefsky (1932): 467; Ashfaque et al. (2013): 241.

Coccinella (s. str.) iranica: Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1979): 68, Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1982): 382.

Material Download as CSV

scientificName:
Coccinella iranica
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Dobzhansky, 1926
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Gilgit-Baltistan,
; locality:
Hunza, Duikar
; verbatimElevation:
2821 m
; decimalLatitude:
36.32505
; decimalLongitude:
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; year:
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1 female
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Ashfaque et al. 2013
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NIM
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3E97138F-A6D4-5E95-A1B5-E8232D985CA5

Description

Body broadly oval and slightly convex, dorsal surface glabrous; head black; mouthparts and antennae dark brown to black; pronotum mostly black with a brownish stripe along anterior margins; scutellar shield black; elytra brown to brownish-yellow with eight irregular black spots, first elongate oval black spot at anterior margin along suture of both elytrons, second large L-shaped black mark at the middle, third oval spot at posterolateral margins and fourth sub-equal black spot near suture at the posterior margin of elytra. Male genitalia: penis apex flattened, with blunt tip; penis guide in inner view with narrow and rounded tip, paramers slightly shorter than the penis guide (Ashfaque et al. 2013).

Measurements:

TL: 5.30–547 mm; TW: 4.29–4.37 mm (Ashfaque et al. 2013).

Diagnosis

Coccinella iranica is similar to C. marussii, but it can be differentiated by the latter from the brownish stripes on the anterior margins and the penis guide with the narrow and rounded tip in the inner view. In C. marussii, pronotal anterior corners with pale yellow quadrangular marks, penis guide with a broad and blunt tip in the inner view (Fig. 3E).

Distribution

Pakistan: Gilgit-Baltistan (Ashfaque et al. 2013); – Iran (Dobzhansky 1926, Kovář 2005), Turkey (Fürsch 1981, Kovář 2005).

Ecology

Prey. Unknown from Pakistan.

Associated plants. Unknown from Pakistan.

Notes

Dobzhansky (1926) described and illustrated this species for the first time from northern Iran. Later on, Dobzhansky (1931) considered it under the Coccinella difficilis species group. Fürsch (1981) described and illustrated its male genitalia. Ashfaque et al. (2013) reported this species from Pakistan.

Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758

Nomenclature

Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758: 365: Korschefsky (1932): 486; Gordon and Vandenberg (1991): 847; Yu and Wang (1999): 94; Yu et al. (2000): 193; Irshad (2001): 1259; Poorani (2002): 21; Rafi et al. (2005): 45;: 188; Yu (2011): 45; Ali et al. (2012): 168; Ashfaque et al. (2013): 243.

Coccinella divaricata Olivier, 1808: 1001; Korschefsky (1932): 457; Mader (1930): 375; Gordon (1987): 13.

Coccinella confusa Wiedemann, 1823: 72; Mulsant (1850): 112 (as a var. of divaricata).

Coccinella brucki Mulsant, 1866: 90; Crotch (1874): 46.

Materials Download as CSV

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Coccinella septempunctata
; order:
Coleoptera
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Coccinellidae
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Linnaeus 1758
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Pakistan
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Punjab
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Attock, Hazro
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317 m
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mist net
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2014
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1
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10
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3 males, 7 females
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scientificName:
Coccinella septempunctata
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Linnaeus 1758
; country:
Pakistan
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Punjab
; locality:
Rawalpindi, Neela Sandh
; verbatimElevation:
692 m
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2015
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scientificName:
Coccinella septempunctata
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Coleoptera
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Coccinellidae
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Linnaeus 1758
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Pakistan
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Punjab
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Jhelum, Dina
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277 m
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2015
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scientificName:
Coccinella septempunctata
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Coleoptera
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Coccinellidae
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Linnaeus 1758
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Pakistan
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Punjab
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Chakwal, Dhudiyal
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507 m
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2015
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Coccinella septempunctata
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Coleoptera
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Coccinellidae
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Pakistan
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Punjab
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Murree, Kuldana
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1929 m
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Coccinella septempunctata
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Coleoptera
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Coccinellidae
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Linnaeus 1758
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Pakistan
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Islamabad
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Ankara Park
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504 m
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scientificName:
Coccinella septempunctata
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Coleoptera
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Coccinellidae
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Linnaeus 1758
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Pakistan
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Gilgit-Baltistan
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Gilgit, Jutial Nala
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1815 m
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scientificName:
Coccinella septempunctata
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Coleoptera
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Coccinellidae
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Linnaeus 1758
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Pakistan
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Azad Jammu and Kashmir
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Muzaffarabad
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682 m
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2018
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4 males, 4 females
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scientificName:
Coccinella septempunctata
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Coleoptera
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Coccinellidae
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Linnaeus 1758
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Pakistan
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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
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Abbottabad, Khanaspur
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2362 m
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2017
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scientificName:
Coccinella septempunctata
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Coleoptera
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Coccinellidae
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Linnaeus 1758
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Pakistan
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Azad Jammu and Kashmir
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Neelum, Sharda
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1967 m
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1 male, 5 females
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scientificName:
Coccinella septempunctata
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Coleoptera
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Coccinellidae
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Linnaeus 1758
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Pakistan
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Gilgit-Baltistan
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Hunza, Aliabad
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2222 m
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36.30611
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mist net
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2020
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scientificName:
Coccinella septempunctata
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Coleoptera
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Coccinellidae
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Linnaeus 1758
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Pakistan
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Gilgit-Baltistan
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Skardu, Kachura
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2342 m
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mist net
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Coccinella septempunctata
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Coleoptera
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Coccinellidae
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Linnaeus 1758
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Pakistan
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Gilgit-Baltistan
; locality:
Astore, Rama
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3093 m
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Description

Body (Fig. 5A-D) oval, strongly convex and dorsum surface apparently glabrous; head black with pale yellow oblique spots near ocular margins, antennae and mouth-parts black; scutellum black; pronotum black with pale-yellow quadrated marking at anterior half of lateral margins; elytra reddish-brown or orange, with seven black spots, each spot nearly rounded and rather large, sometimes marging with each other and forming one or two large black spots, in different patterns; abdominal postcoxal line (Fig. 5E) incomplete laterally and not recurved, expending to posterior margin ventrite 1, with an oblique dividing line close to postcoxal line. Male genitalia as in Fig. 5F-H.

Figure 5.

Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus. A-D dorsal view; E abdomen; F penis; G tegmen inner view; H tegmen lateral view.

Measurements:

TL: 6.63–7.20 mm; TW: 5.35–5.60 mm; HW: 0.86–0.94 mm; TH: 3.26–3.28 mm; EL/TW: 1.07–1.09; TL/TW: 1.24–1.33; PL/PW: 0.42–0.44; PW/EW: 0.63–0.65.

Diagnosis

Coccinella septempunctata can be easily separated from C. transversoguttata and C. undecimpunctata by having seven black spots at the elytra (Fig. 5A-B), sometimes these spots merging and forming one or two large black marks at each elytron (Fig. 5C-D); apex of penis flattened and with the triangular process, surrounded by a weak membrane (Fig. 5F).

Distribution

It is a widely distributed species in Pakistan (Rafi et al. 2005). Azad Jammu & Kashmir (Hayat et al. 2017, current study); Baluchistan (Mohibullah et al. 2019), Gilgit-Baltistan (Ashfaque et al. 2013, current study), Punjab (Khan and Sultan 1949, Gillani 1976, Ashfaque et al. 2013, Ahmed et al. 2017, current Study), Islamabad (current study), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Mohyudddin 1981, Shah 1983, Ullah et al. 2012, Saeed et al. 2016, Khan et al. 2007, current study), Sindh (Ali et al. 2012, Ashfaque et al. 2013); – China, Nepal, Bhutan, India, Iran, Sri Lanka, Andorra, Austria, Azores, Balearic, Albania, Liechtenstein, Belarus, Cyprus, Netherlands, Belgium, Romania, Estonia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Finland, Germany, Afro-tropical Region, Bulgaria, Corsica, Croatia, England, Sweden, France, Greek, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Denmark, Macedonia, Madeira, Czech Republic, Malta, Norway, Slovenia, Ireland, Poland, Luxembourg, Ukraine, Portuguese, Russia, Sardinia, Latvia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland and East Palearctic, all being introduced to the Nearctic Region (Poorani 2002, Kovář 2007, Jafari et al. 2015).

Ecology

Prey. Irshad (2001) and Rafi et al. (2005) recorded that this species feeding on Aleurocanthus husaini (Corbett), A. woglumi Ashby, Aleurolobus barodensis (Maskell), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead), Neomaskellia spp. (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae), Adelges joshii (Schneider-Orelli and Schneider) (Hemiptera, Adelgididae), Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, Therioaphis trifolii (Monell), Aphis gossypii Glover, A. fabae Scopoli, A. craccivora Koch, Capitophorus sp., Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Lipaphis pseudobrassicae Davis, Pterochloroides persicae Cholodkovsky, Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) (Hemiptera, Aphididae), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera, Psyllidae), Pyrilla purposilla (Walker) (Hemiptera, Lophopidae), Centrococcus insolitus Ferris, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) and Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera, Coccidae), Coccidohystrix insolita (Green) and Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) (Irshad 2001, Rafi et al. 2005).

In this study, this species was found feeding on Acyrthosiphon loti (Theobald), Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach), A. pisum Harris, Aphis craccivora Koch, A. fabae Scopoli, A. farinose (Gmelin), A. gossypii Glover, A. spiraecola, A. solanella Theobald, A. punicae Passerini, A. verbasci Schrank, Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach), Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus), Capitophorus formosartemisae (Takahashi), Chaitophorus populifolii Essig, Cinara tujafilina (Del Guercio), Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), Hysteroneura setariae (Thomas), Lachnus wichmanni Hille Ris Lambers, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Macrosiphum pachysiphon Hille Ris Lambers, M. rosae (Linnaeus), Meldnaphis donacis (Passerini), Myzocallis pakistanicus Hille Ris Lambers, Myzus ornatus (Laing), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Periphyllus sp., Phorodon cannabis Passerini, Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), R. maidis (Fitch), Shivaphis celti Das, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), Sitobion avenae Fabricius, Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy), Therioaphis trifolii (Monell), Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe), Tuberolachnus salignus Gmelin, Uroleucon carthami (Theobald) (Hemiptera, Aphididae), Adelges (Dreyfusia) knucheli (Schneider-Orelli and Schneider) (Hemiptera, Adelgidae), Drosicha stebbingi Green), D. mangiferae (Green) (Hemiptera, Margarodidae), Planococcus citri (Risso), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsely, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae), Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead) (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) Camarotoscena sp., Heteropsylla sp. (Hemiptera, Psyllidae), some species of scale insects (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) and Phyllocnistis sp. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae).

Associated Plants. This species was collected from Cumium cyminum (Linnaeus) (Apiales, Apiaceae), Anthemis arvensis (Linnaeus), A. tinctoria Kelwayi, Artemisia sp., A. maritima (Linnaeus), Carthamus oxyacantha Bieberstein, Erigeron canadensis (Linnaeus), Parthenium hysterophorus (Linnaeus), Sonchus asper (Linnaeus) Hill, Tagetes minuta (Linnaeus) (Asterales, Asteraceae), Brassica campestris (Linnaeus), B. campestris var botrytis (Linnaeus), B. oleracea (Linnaeus) (Brassicales, Brassicaceae), Capparis spinosa Linnaeus (Brassicales, Capparaceae), Moringa oleifera Lamarck (Brassicales, Moringaceae), Spinacia oleracea (Linnaeus) (Caryophyllales, Amaranthaceae), Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, Mirabilis jalapa (Linnaeus) (Caryophyllales, Nyctaginaceae), Abies pindrow (Royle ex Don) (Pinales, Pinaceae), Rumex dentatus (Linnaeus), R. hastatus Don (Caryophyllales, Polygonaceae), Tamarix gallica (Linnaeus) (Caryophyllales, Tamaricaceae), Quercus baloot Griffith (Fagales, Fagaceae), Acacia farnesiana Wight et Arnott, Cassia fistula Linnaeus, Dalbergia sissoo Roxburgh, Medicago sativa Linnaeus, Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) de-Candolle, Sophora alopecuroides Linnaeus, Trifolium alexandrinum Linnaeus (Fabales, Fabaceae), Juglans regia Linnaeus (Fagales, Juglandaceae), Clerodendrum philippinum (Osbeck) Mabberley (Lamiales, Lamiaceae), Verbascum thapsus Linnaeus (Lamiales, Scrophulariaceae), Olea europaea Linnaeus (Lamiales, Oleaceae), Duranta erecta Linnaeus, Lantana camara Linnaeus (Lamiales, Verbenaceae), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linnaeus (Malvales, Malvaceae), Populus nigra Linnaeus, Salix alba Linnaeus (Malpighiales, Salicaceae), Lagerstroemia indica Linnaeus, Punica granatum Linnaeus (Myrtales, Lythraceae), Thuja sp. (Pinales, Cupressaceae), Psidium guajava Linnaeus, Syzygium cumini (Linnaeus) Skeels (Myrtales, Myrtaceae), Cyperus rotundus Linnaeus (Poales, Cyperaceae), Avena sativa Linnaeus, Arundo donax Linnaeus, Cynodon dactylon (Linnaeus) Persoon, Dactyloctenium aegyptium (Linnaeus) Willdenow, Heteropogon contortus (Linnaeus) Beauvois ex Roemer and Schultes, Phragmites karka (Retzius), Triticum aestivum Linnaeus, (Poales, Poaceae), Berberis lyceum Royle (Ranunculales, Berberidaceae), Cannabis sativa Linnaeus, Celtis eriocarpa Decne. (Rosales, Cannabaceae), Eriobotrya japonica (Thunberg) Lindley, Hippophae rhamnoides Linnaeus (Rosales, Elaeagnaceae), Malus domestica Borkhausen, Prunus avium Linnaeus, P. armeniaca Linnaeus, P. persica (Linnaeus) Batsch, Pyrus communis Linnaeus, P. pyrifolia (Burman) Nakai, Rosa indica Trattinnick (Rosales, Rosaceae), Ficus sp., Morus alba Linnaeus (Rosales, Moraceae), Aesculus indica (Wallich ex Cambessèdes) Hooker (Sapindales, Sapindaceae), Citrus sp. (Sapindales, Rutaceae), Convolvulus arvensis Linnaeus (Solanales, Convolvulaceae), Cestrum diurnum Linnaeus, Solanum nigrum Linnaeus, S. tuberosum Linnaeus, Withania somnifera (Linnaeus) Dunal (Solanales, Solanaceae), Ziziphus mauritiana Lamarck, Z. nummularia (Burman) Wight and Arnott (Rosales, Rhamnaceae) and Urtica dioica Linnaeus (Rosales, Urticaceae) (current study).

Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata Faldermann, 1835

Nomenclature

Coccinella transversoguttata Faldermann, 1835: 454: Mulsant (1850): 117; Crotch (1874): 116; Weise (1885): 28; Jacobson (1915): 982; Dobzhansky (1926): 21; Mader (1930): 150; Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1979): 67; Fürsch (1981): 82; Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1982): 364; Bielawski (1984): 417; Poorani (2002): 327; Kovář (2005): 149; Ren et al. (2009): 188; Ashfaque et al. (2013): 245; Poorani (2023): 91.

Coccinella transversoguttata var. Sedakovi Weise, 1889: 537.

Coccinella geminopunctata Liu, 1962: 265: Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1979): 68; Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1982): 362.

Materials Download as CSV

scientificName:
Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Faldermann, 1835
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Gilgit-Baltistan
; locality:
Ghanche, Barah
; verbatimElevation:
2466 m
; decimalLatitude:
35.20556
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; samplingProtocol:
mist net
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2015
; month:
7
; day:
13
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5
; sex:
2 males, 3 females
; institutionID:
PMAR-AAU
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scientificName:
Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata
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Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Faldermann, 1835
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Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Gilgit-Baltistan
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Ghanche, Khapulo
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mist net
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2015
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7
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1 male
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scientificName:
Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata
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Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinelidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Faldermann, 1835
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Gilgit-Baltistan
; locality:
Ghanche, Keris
; verbatimElevation:
2284 m
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35.23361
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2015
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scientificName:
Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata
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Coleoptera
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Coccinellidae
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Faldermann, 1835
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Pakistan
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Gilgit-Baltistan
; locality:
Skardu, Gol
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2337 m
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mist net
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scientificName:
Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata
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Coleoptera
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Coccinellidae
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Faldermann, 1835
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Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Gilgit-Baltistan
; locality:
Ghizer, Iskoman, Shones
; verbatimElevation:
2236 m
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mist net
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2015
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scientificName:
Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata
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Coleoptera
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Coccinellidae
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Faldermann, 1835
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Pakistan
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Gilgit-Baltistan
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Ghizer, Gupis, Shamaran
; verbatimElevation:
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mist net
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PMAR-AAU
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F648B22E-FA46-530A-A0FF-136BBDE3F5F6
scientificName:
Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Faldermann, 1835
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Gilgit-Baltistan
; locality:
Ghizer, Yasin, Hunder
; verbatimElevation:
2500 m
; decimalLatitude:
36.51376
; decimalLongitude:
73.41472
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mist net
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2015
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8
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3 males, 4 females
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PMAR-AAU
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ED168A38-6626-531E-8CB0-E3C2BA1B0849
scientificName:
Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Faldermann, 1835
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
; locality:
Chitral, Booni
; verbatimElevation:
2621 m
; decimalLatitude:
36.24917
; decimalLongitude:
72.25944
; samplingProtocol:
mist net
; year:
2017
; month:
7
; day:
20
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3
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1 male, 2 females
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PMAR-AAU
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652BAA3D-E959-5E00-BB04-BAE6D85E44D6
scientificName:
Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Faldermann, 1835
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Gilgit-Baltistan
; locality:
Ghanche, Ghorg
; verbatimElevation:
2439 m
; decimalLatitude:
35.31583
; decimalLongitude:
75.86417
; samplingProtocol:
mist net
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2017
; month:
8
; day:
9
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1
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1 male
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PMAR-AAU
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721E9E31-8733-5ECD-B3B5-49A0343566E4
scientificName:
Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Faldermann, 1835
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Gilgit-Baltistan
; locality:
Ghanche, Keris
; verbatimElevation:
2284 m
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35.23361
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75.94028
; samplingProtocol:
mist net
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2015
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7
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14
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1 male
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PMAR-AAU
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scientificName:
Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Faldermann, 1835
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Gilgit-Baltistan
; locality:
Hunza, Aliabad
; verbatimElevation:
2222 m
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36.30611
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74.61833
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mist net
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2018
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6
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2
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3
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1 male, 2 females
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PMAR-AAU
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0FE34CBF-0EFD-5FBE-87E4-A8440449BA38
scientificName:
Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Faldermann, 1835
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Gilgit-Baltistan
; locality:
Ghizer, Punyial, Gahkuch-Bala
; verbatimElevation:
2129 m
; decimalLatitude:
37.51
; decimalLongitude:
73.78
; samplingProtocol:
mist net
; year:
2019
; month:
8
; day:
3
; individualCount:
13
; sex:
3 males, 10 females
; institutionID:
PMAR-AAU
; occurrenceID:
0BBB6FDA-08A5-55D9-8BFD-DDA7AC973DD4
scientificName:
Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Faldermann, 1835
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Gilgit-Baltistan
; locality:
Skardu, Hussainabad
; verbatimElevation:
2313 m
; decimalLatitude:
35.18028
; decimalLongitude:
75.90694
; samplingProtocol:
mist net
; year:
2022
; month:
5
; day:
22
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16
; sex:
9 males, 7 females
; institutionID:
PMAR-AAU
; occurrenceID:
C0700BF0-E031-56C3-A6F9-B84E5D7FAC50
scientificName:
Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Faldermann, 1835
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Gilgit-Baltistan
; locality:
Skardu, Olding
; verbatimElevation:
2253m
; decimalLatitude:
35.2925
; decimalLongitude:
75.6538
; samplingProtocol:
mist net
; year:
2022
; month:
6
; day:
19
; individualCount:
2
; sex:
2 males
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PMAR-AAU
; occurrenceID:
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Description

Body (Fig. 6A) broadly oval and dorsum glabrous; head black with large roundly triangular white-yellow to pale-yellow spots on each side of frons, connected with the inner orbit of eyes; mouthparts with antennae black; scutellum black; pronotum black with anterior corners white-yellow, connected at anterior margins; elytra reddish-orange, with eleven black spots, scutellar spot triangular, emarginate posteriorly along the suture, humeral spot small, lateral spots small, sub-rounded and slightly closer to lateral margin, discal spot large and transversely oval to sub-quadrate, marginal spots small and sub-rounded, apical spot moderately large and rounded; underside black, apical of propleura and mesepimera white at anterolateral corners, metepimera dark brown with whitish stripe; Male genitalia can be seen in Fig. 6C-F.

Figure 6.

Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata Faldermanna: A dorsal view; B abdomen; C penis; D penis apex; E tegmen inner view; F tegmen lateral-view.

Measurements:

TL: 5.23–6.43 mm; TW: 3.95–5.00 mm; HW: 1.28–1.52 mm; TH: 2.15–2.40 mm; EL/TW: 1.10–1.14; TL/TW: 1.29–1.32; PL/PW: 0.51–0.53.

Diagnosis

Coccinella transversoguttata transversoguttata is similar to C. undecimpunctata in external structure and colouration, but can be separated from the latter by a diagnostic character; penis-guide in inner view, rhomboidally dilated with apical hastate (Fig. 6E), but in C. undecimpunctata penis-guide in inner view, gradually tapering towards its blunt apex.

Distribution

Pakistan. Gilgit-Baltistan (Rafi et al. 2005, Ashfaque et al. 2013, current study), Baluchistan (Mohibullah et al. 2019), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (current study); –China, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia, northern Scandinavia (Poorani 2002, Kovář 2005, Kovář 2007, Poorani 2023).

Ecology

Prey. Rafi et al. (2005) reported that this species fed on Aphis craccivora Koch, A. fabae Scopoli, A. gossypii Glover, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Lipaphis pseudobrassicae Davis, Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) and Pterochloroides persicae Cholodkovsky (Hemiptera, Aphididae).

In the current study, this species has been recorded from the following aphid species: Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, Lachnus wichmanni Hille Ris Lambers, Macrosiphum pachysiphon Hille Ris Lambers, Aphis craccivora Koch, A. fabae Scopoli, A. nerii Fonscolombe, A. farinose (Gmelin), A. gossypii Glover, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), Tuberolachnus salignus Gmelin and Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera, Aphididae).

Associated Plants. It is collected from the following plants: Erigeron canadensis (Linnaeus) (Asterales, Asteraceae), Capparis spinosa Linnaeus (Brassicales, Capparaceae), Convolvulus arvensis Linnaeus (Solanales, Convolvulaceae), Hippophae rhamnoides Linnaeus (Rosales, Elaeagnaceae), Salix alba Linnaeus (Malpighiales, Salicaceae), Sophora alopecuroides Linnaeus (Fabales, Fabaceae), Rumex dentatus (Linnaeus) (Caryophyllales, Polygonaceae), Phragmites karka (Retzius), Triticum aestivum Linnaeus (Poales, Poaceae) and Rosa indica Trattinnick (Rosales, Rosaceae).

Notes

See Kovář (2005) for a detailed description and illustration.

Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus, 1758

Nomenclature

Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus, 1758: 366; 89; Mulsant (1866): 85; Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1979): 66; Pope (1989): 651; Poorani (2002);Rafi et al. (2005): 48; Barševskis and Lazdāns (2010); Ali et al. (2012): 169; Hayat et al. (2017): 26; Poorani (2023): 91.

Coccinella aegyptiaca Reiche, 1861: 212: Mulsant (1866): 86.

Materials Download as CSV

scientificName:
Coccinella undecimpunctata
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Linnaeus 1758
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Punjab
; locality:
Attock, Por Maina
; verbatimElevation:
508 m
; decimalLatitude:
33.82764
; decimalLongitude:
72.78734
; year:
2017
; month:
5
; day:
23
; individualCount:
5
; sex:
1 male, 4 females
; institutionID:
PMAS-AAUR
; occurrenceID:
F0EA444B-478B-5D49-83C6-172B329090C1
scientificName:
Coccinella undecimpunctata
; order:
Coleoptera
; family:
Coccinellidae
; scientificNameAuthorship:
Linnaeus 1758
; country:
Pakistan
; stateProvince:
Azad Jammu and Kashmir
; locality:
Poonch, Rawalakot
; verbatimElevation:
1635 m
; decimalLatitude:
33.85148
; decimalLongitude:
73.77405
; year:
2017
; month:
9
; day:
13
; individualCount:
4
; sex:
4 females
; institutionID:
PMAS-AAUR
; occurrenceID:
FABB5CE1-B1A6-53D3-8E11-268AB889AF22

Description

Body (Fig. 7A) broadly oval, convex and dorsal surface glabrous; head black with two yellowish spots at frons, close to the eyes, mouthparts and antennae dark-brown or black; scutellum-black; pronotum black with pale-yellowish elongate marking at anterolateral margins; elytra orange-brown, with five black spots and one common scutellar black spot on each elytron, arranged as 1-2-2, spots round or oval in shape and near to suture relative larger than those of lateral sides; propleura and mesepimera tip white at anterolateral corners; metepimera black with whitish stripe; Male genitalia as in Fig. 7C-E.

Figure 7.

Coccinella (Spilota) undecimpunctata Linnaeus: A dorsal view; B abdomen; C penis; D tegmen inner view; E tegmen lateral view.

Measurements:

TL: 4.56–4.91 mm; TW: 3.48–3.67 mm; HW: 1.02–1.27 mm; TH: 1.60–1.84 mm; EL/TW: 1.16–1.19; TL/TW: 1.31–1.34; PL/PW: 0.42–0.45; PW/EW: 0.64.

Diagnosis

Coccinella undecimpunctata is similar to C. transversoguttata transversoguttata in general body structure and colouration, but can be separated by having a penis guide gradually tapering towards a blunt apex in inner view (Fig. 7D).

Distribution

Pakistan. Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Hayat et al. 2017), Baluchistan (Mohibullah et al. 2019), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Irshad 2001, Rafi et al. 2005, Saeed et al. 2016), Punjab (Rafi et al. 2005, current study), Sindh (Ali et al. 2012); – Austria, Australia, Azores, Balearic, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, China, Corsica, Czech Republic, England, Finland, France, Germany, Greek, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Luxemburg, Mongolia, Nepal, Netherlands, Norway, North Africa, North America, Poland, Portuguese, Sardinia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden (Poorani 2002, Kovář 2007, Jafari et al. 2015, Poorani 2023).

Ecology

Prey. Irshad (2001) and Rafi et al. (2005) recorded its feeding on Aphis gossypii Glover, A. malvae, A. nerii Fonscolombe, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera, Aphididae), eggs of Pyrilla perpusilla (Hemiptera, Lophopidae) and Coccus mangiferae (Hemiptera, Coccidae). During the present study, Coccinella undecimpunctata feeding was reported on Brevicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera, Aphididae).

Associated Plants. It was collected from Brassica oleracea (Brassicales, Brassicaceae) during the current study.

Identification keys

Key to species of the genus Coccinella from Pakistan
1	Elytral suture entirely or partially black	2
–	Elytral suture not black	4
2	Anterior half of elytral suture black	C. luteopicta
–	Elytral suture entirely black	3
3	Elytral scutellar macula large, broadly rounded (Fig. 3A); prothoracic hypomeron pale yellow at anterior corners; penis apex robust (Fig. 3D); penis guide in lateral view, laterally deeply incised forming apical sub-triangular shape (Fig. 3F)	C. marussii
–	Elytral scutellar macula smaller, more elongate oval (Fig. 4A); prothoracic hypomeron white at anterior corners; penis apex blunts with thread-like appendage (Fig. 4C); penis guide in lateral view, laterally entire, regularly converging towards apex (Fig. 4F)	C. transversalis
4	Pronotum with brownish sub-quadrangular markings at anterior corners	C. iranica
–	Pronotum with white-yellow quadrangular markings at anterior corners	5
5	Elytra with seven black spots or sometimes spots merge and form variable black marks (Fig. 5A-D); pronotal angular spots not connected at anterior margins	C. septempunctata
–	Elytra with 11 black spots; pronotal angular spots connected at anterior margins	6
6	Elytral sutural spot sub-triangular (Fig. 6A); metepimera dark brown with whitish spot; penis guide in lateral view, laterally incised forming apical sub-triangular shape (Fig. 6F)	C. transversoguttata
–	Elytral sutura spot oval or rounded (Fig. 7A); metepimera black with whitish stop; penis guide in lateral view, laterally entire, regularly converging towards apex (Fig. 7E)	C. undecimpunctata

Analysis

DNA Barcoding Analysis

COI sequences of C. luteopicta (Mulsant) and C. marussii Kapur were obtained and subsequently submitted to Genbank for the first time, with accession numbers PP853180 and PP853181, respectively. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed based on the COI barcoding sequences using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) methods (Fig. 8). Both analyses (ML and BI) yielded the same tree topology, with slight differences in bootstrap (BP) and posterior probability (PP) values. Supporting values for several nodes were weakly to moderately supported, which is expected as only a short fragment of the COI sequence as used. The tree was rooted with the outgroups Afidentula manderstjernae and Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.

Figure 8.

Phylogenetic (BI and ML) tree of Coccinella species, based on COI sequences. The numbers displayed on branches represent the Bayesian posterior probability values (left) and bootstrap values for Maximum Likelihood analysis (right). Only branches with bootstrap values above 50% are shown. Sequenced obtained in this study are denoted by an asterisk (*) and newly-submitted sequences to NCBI are highlighted in red and bold.

Taxa used in this study are grouped in three clades. The first one includes single species Coccinella fulgida with moderate supporting values (PP 0.84 and 85). The second consists of sequences representing six species, C. transversoguttata, newly-sequenced C. marussii, C. magnifica, C. californica, C. novemnotata and C. septempunctata. The last clade contains sequences representing C. quinquepunctata, C. hieroglyphica, C. ainu, C. trifasciata, C. undecimpuntata, C. miranda, C. transversalis and newly-obtained sequence of C. luteopicta from Pakistan as the most basal within that clade.

Discussion

The ladybird beetle species was most extensively studied as a potential biocontrol agent against various soft-sucking insect pests in Pakistan. Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus is the only representative of this genus with a wide distribution and an extensive prey list, associated with a diverse host plants in Pakistan. In contrast, the three species, C. luteopicta (Mulsant), C. marussii Kapur and C. transversoguttata Faldermann are restricted to the northern regions of Pakistan. This faunistic study is unique compared to the works of Ali et al. (2012), Ashfaque et al. (2013) and Ali et al. (2018) due to broad sampling in various regions of the country which allowed us to find a new country records of Coccinella for the Pakistani, C. luteopicta (Mulsant, 1866).

C. septempunctata is a well known polyphagous species recorded to prey on a wide range of soft insects mainly aphids which was also confirmed for the Pakistani populations (Rafi et al. 2005, Ali et al. 2012, Ashfaque et al. 2013, Saeed et al. 2016). In the current study, it was recorded from more than 60 species of soft-insect pests. On the other hand, C. luteopicta and C. marussii are oligophagous species feeding on few species of Aphididae.

Amongst the seven species of Coccinella recorded from Pakistan, four species are found in both Gilgit-Baltistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provinces, while Azad Kashmir, Balochistan, Punjab and Sindh each host three species (Fig. 9B). This study also expands the known distribution, associated plants and prey lists for all previously recorded and newly-identified species. Based on current sampling, additional studies are recommended to investigate the remaining species, which are uniquely distributed in either the eastern or southern parts of the country. Future research on their geographical distribution, host range and prey will enhance their potential application in Integrated Pest Management in Pakistan.

Figure 9.

Distribution Map of Coccinella species in Pakistan. A showing the administrative regions in Pakistan; B regional distribution of Coccinella species in Pakistan.

The analysis of newly-obtained partial COI sequences for C. luteopicta and C. marussii from Pakistan, within a broader context of other Coccinella species from around the world, confirmed their status as distinct species within the genus Coccinella. This analysis also suggested possible hypotheses regarding their placement in groups of species, though with weak statistical support. However, previous studies by Milankov et al. (2008) and Magro et al. (2020) have noted that COI gene sequences often fail to differentiate species groups that are morphologically well-defined. As a result, morphologically distinct species frequently share identical COI haplotypes (Mengual et al. 2006). The observed conflict and incongruence between morphological and molecular data emphasise the need for future studies on this genus, employing additional molecular markers.

Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely thank Alfried P. Vogler and Thomas J. Creedy of the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, for their assistance with sequencing. Special thanks are also extended to Dr. Muhammad Ather Rafi, Dr. Ahmed Zia and Mr. Anjum Shehzad of the National Insect Museum, Islamabad (NIM), for their support in species identification. This work was supported by grants from the Anhui Provincial University Outstanding Youth Program (No. 2022AH020021) and the National Science Foundation of China (No. 32170443).

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Supplementary material

Suppl. material 1: Table S1

Authors: Zafar Iqbal, Rashid Azad, Xu Jin, Muhammad Farooq Nasir, Imran Bodlah, Munawar Abbas, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Asghar Hassan, Karol Szawaryn, Rui-E Nie

Data type: Table

Brief description:

The COI sequences of genus Coccinella species used in this study with their GenBank accession numbers.

Download file (20.58 kb)

Endnotes