Introduction

Materials and methods

Taxon treatment

Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863

• Barcode of Life https://v3.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=FINTI086-11

Nomenclature

Tipula balioptera Loew, 1863 - Loew 1863: 284; Alexander 1915: 460;

Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera: Crampton et al. 1942, Alexander 1965, Starkevich and Paramonov 2016, Starkevich et al. 2020, Brodo et al. 2023, Kolcsár et al. 2023;

= Tipula (Vestiplex) laccata laccata: Savchenko 1964 nec Lundstrom and Frey 1916 (partim), after Starkevich and Paramonov (2016);

= Tipula (Vestiplex) tchukchi: Mannheims 1971 nec Alexander 1934 (partim), after Starkevich and Paramonov (2016). According to Mannheims (1971), T. (V.) tchukchi = T. (V.) laccata: Lackschewitz 1936 (partim); Mannheims 1953 (partim); Savchenko 1964 (partim); nec Lundstrom and Frey 1916;

= Tipula (Vestiplex) tchukchi:Salmela 2008, Salmela 2011, Salmela 2012, Salmela and Petrašiūnas 2014;

Tipula (Vestiplex) bo Mannheims, 1967 - Mannheims 1967: 148 syn. nov. stat. res. Synonymy with T. (V.) tchukchi Alexander, 1934 after Mannheims and Savchenko (1973) = laccata Lackschewitz 1936 (partim), Mannheims 1953 (partim), Savchenko 1964 (partim), nec Lundstrom and Frey 1916;

Tipula perretti Alexander, 1928 - Alexander 1928: 98 syn. nov.; Tipula (Vestiplex) perretti: Crampton et al. 1942.

Materials   Download as CSV 

Lectotype:

1. scientificName:
   Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
   ; country:
   Canada
   ; verbatimLocality:
   English River
   ; individualCount:
   1
   ; sex:
   male
   ; recordedBy:
   Kennicot
   ; institutionCode:
   MCZ

Other materials:

1. scientificName:
   Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
   ; country:
   Finland
   ; verbatimLocality:
   Enontekiö, Bombovarri SE
   ; verbatimEventDate:
   15 VII 2010
   ; individualCount:
   2
   ; sex:
   male, female
   ; recordedBy:
   I. Kakko
   ; institutionCode:
   LMM
   ; source:
   http://tun.fi/NVO.TIPU391
2. scientificName:
   Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
   ; country:
   Finland
   ; verbatimLocality:
   Enontekiö, Bombovarri SE
   ; verbatimEventDate:
   15 VII 2010
   ; individualCount:
   2
   ; sex:
   male
   ; recordedBy:
   I. Kakko
   ; institutionCode:
   LMM
   ; source:
   http://tun.fi/NVO.TIPU392
3. scientificName:
   Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
   ; country:
   Finland
   ; verbatimLocality:
   Enontekiö, Urtasvaara
   ; verbatimEventDate:
   15 VII 2009
   ; individualCount:
   1
   ; sex:
   male
   ; recordedBy:
   A. Haarto
   ; institutionCode:
   LMM
   ; source:
   http://tun.fi/NVO.TIPU408
4. scientificName:
   Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
   ; country:
   Finland
   ; verbatimLocality:
   Enontekiö, Tomuttioja
   ; verbatimEventDate:
   11 VI – 19 VII 2009
   ; individualCount:
   1
   ; sex:
   male
   ; recordedBy:
   J. Salmela
   ; institutionCode:
   LMM
   ; source:
   http://tun.fi/NVO.TIPU824
5. scientificName:
   Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
   ; country:
   Finland
   ; verbatimLocality:
   Enontekiö, Pahtavaara
   ; verbatimEventDate:
   11 VI – 19 VII 2009
   ; individualCount:
   1
   ; sex:
   female
   ; recordedBy:
   J. Salmela
   ; associatedSequences:
   BOLD sample ID JES-20110086
   ; institutionCode:
   LMM
   ; source:
   http://tun.fi/NVO.TIPU1858
6. scientificName:
   Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
   ; country:
   Finland
   ; verbatimLocality:
   Enontekiö, Tomuttioja
   ; verbatimEventDate:
   11 VI – 19 VII 2009
   ; individualCount:
   1
   ; sex:
   male
   ; recordedBy:
   J. Salmela
   ; associatedSequences:
   BOLD sample ID JES-20110129
   ; institutionCode:
   LMM
   ; source:
   http://tun.fi/NVO.TIPU1896
7. scientificName:
   Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
   ; country:
   Finland
   ; verbatimLocality:
   Utsjoki, Galddasjohka
   ; verbatimEventDate:
   18 VI – 19 VII 2007
   ; individualCount:
   1
   ; sex:
   male
   ; recordedBy:
   J. Salmela
   ; institutionCode:
   LMM
   ; source:
   http://tun.fi/NVO.TIPU825
8. scientificName:
   Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
   ; country:
   Finland
   ; verbatimLocality:
   Utsjoki, Teno
   ; verbatimEventDate:
   22 VI – 3 VII 2006
   ; individualCount:
   1
   ; sex:
   male
   ; recordedBy:
   A. Rinne
   ; institutionCode:
   LMM
   ; source:
   http://tun.fi/NVO.TIPU851
9. scientificName:
   Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
   ; country:
   Norway
   ; verbatimLocality:
   Troms, Storfjord, Skibotn, Veajetnibba S
   ; verbatimEventDate:
   24 VI – 16 VII 2017
   ; individualCount:
   1
   ; sex:
   male
   ; recordedBy:
   A. Järvinen
   ; institutionCode:
   LMM
   ; source:
   http://tun.fi/NVO.ins2018-168
10. scientificName:
    Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
    ; country:
    Norway
    ; verbatimLocality:
    Veajetnibba S
    ; verbatimEventDate:
    19 VII – 12 VIII 2017
    ; individualCount:
    1
    ; sex:
    male
    ; recordedBy:
    A. Järvinen
    ; institutionCode:
    LMM
    ; source:
    http://tun.fi/NVO.ins2018-199
    ; occurrenceID:
    8016767E-E022-557C-BF0F-F718132F850F
11. scientificName:
    Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
    ; country:
    Norway
    ; verbatimLocality:
    Veajetnibba S
    ; verbatimEventDate:
    16 VII – 19 VII 2017
    ; individualCount:
    3
    ; sex:
    2 males, 1 female
    ; recordedBy:
    A. Järvinen
    ; institutionCode:
    LMM
    ; source:
    http://tun.fi/NVO.ins2018-205
12. scientificName:
    Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
    ; country:
    Norway
    ; verbatimLocality:
    Troms, Kåfjord, N Nuorrtit Gussačohkka
    ; verbatimEventDate:
    12 VII 2022
    ; individualCount:
    1
    ; sex:
    male
    ; catalogNumber:
    721756
    ; recordedBy:
    K.M. Olsen
    ; institutionCode:
    PCKMO
    ; occurrenceID:
    F7C421F7-3612-5A86-8672-1B18AE8B97C9
13. scientificName:
    Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
    ; country:
    Norway
    ; verbatimLocality:
    N Nuorrtit Gussačohkka
    ; verbatimEventDate:
    1 VII – 12 VII 2022
    ; individualCount:
    5
    ; sex:
    3 males, 2 females
    ; catalogNumber:
    718592
    ; recordedBy:
    K.M. Olsen
    ; institutionCode:
    PCKMO
    ; occurrenceID:
    6797498A-FFE2-5196-A7AB-00AA10C38760
14. scientificName:
    Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
    ; country:
    Norway
    ; verbatimLocality:
    Finnmark, Alta, Jotkajavre
    ; verbatimEventDate:
    3 VII 1924
    ; individualCount:
    1
    ; sex:
    male
    ; catalogNumber:
    TROM TSZD 18002
    ; recordedBy:
    T. Soot-Ryen
    ; institutionCode:
    TROM
15. scientificName:
    Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
    ; country:
    Norway
    ; verbatimLocality:
    Finnmark, Alta, Jotkajavre
    ; verbatimEventDate:
    9 VII 1924
    ; individualCount:
    1
    ; sex:
    male
    ; catalogNumber:
    TROM TSZD 18001
    ; recordedBy:
    T. Soot-Ryen
    ; institutionCode:
    TROM
16. scientificName:
    Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
    ; country:
    Norway
    ; verbatimLocality:
    Finnmark, Alta, Jotkajavre
    ; verbatimEventDate:
    9 VII 1924
    ; individualCount:
    1
    ; sex:
    male
    ; catalogNumber:
    TROM TSZD 18004
    ; recordedBy:
    T. Soot-Ryen
    ; institutionCode:
    TROM
17. scientificName:
    Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
    ; country:
    Norway
    ; verbatimLocality:
    Finnmark, Alta, Jotkajavre
    ; verbatimEventDate:
    9 VII 1924
    ; individualCount:
    1
    ; sex:
    female
    ; catalogNumber:
    TROM TSZD 18006
    ; recordedBy:
    T. Soot-Ryen
    ; institutionCode:
    TROM
18. scientificName:
    Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
    ; country:
    Norway
    ; verbatimLocality:
    Finnmark, Alta, Jotkajavre
    ; verbatimEventDate:
    15 VII 1924
    ; individualCount:
    1
    ; sex:
    male
    ; catalogNumber:
    TROM TSZD 18003
    ; recordedBy:
    T. Soot-Ryen
    ; institutionCode:
    TROM
19. scientificName:
    Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera Loew, 1863
    ; country:
    Norway
    ; verbatimLocality:
    Finnmark, Alta, Bojobæski
    ; verbatimEventDate:
    16 VII 1924
    ; individualCount:
    1
    ; sex:
    male
    ; catalogNumber:
    TROM TSZD 18005
    ; recordedBy:
    T. Soot-Ryen
    ; institutionCode:
    TROM

Holotype:

1. scientificName:
   Tipula (Vestiplex) perretti Alexander, 1928
   ; country:
   Canada
   ; verbatimLocality:
   Hopedale, Labr
   ; individualCount:
   1
   ; sex:
   male
   ; preparations:
   Antenna and wing on slide mounted, USNM
   ; catalogNumber:
   No. 2559
   ; institutionCode:
   CNC

Paratypes:

1. scientificName:
   Tipula (Vestiplex) bo Mannheims, 1967
   ; country:
   Sweden
   ; verbatimLocality:
   Lycksele Lappmark, Vindelälven, N Tjatsemvare, 45 km NW Ammarnäs
   ; verbatimEventDate:
   23 VII 1965
   ; individualCount:
   1
   ; sex:
   male
   ; catalogNumber:
   Type # 6365:2; MZLU-110421
   ; recordedBy:
   A & S Ulfstrand
   ; institutionCode:
   MZLU
   ; source:
   https://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/mzlutype06365/
2. scientificName:
   Tipula (Vestiplex) bo Mannheims, 1967
   ; country:
   Sweden
   ; verbatimLocality:
   Lycksele Lappmark, Vindelälven, N Tjatsemvare, 45 km NW Ammarnäs
   ; verbatimEventDate:
   23 VII 1965
   ; individualCount:
   1
   ; sex:
   male
   ; catalogNumber:
   Type # 6365:3; MZLU-110422
   ; recordedBy:
   A & S Ulfstrand
   ; institutionCode:
   MZLU
   ; source:
   https://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/mzlutype06365/
3. scientificName:
   Tipula (Vestiplex) bo Mannheims, 1967
   ; country:
   Sweden
   ; verbatimLocality:
   Lycksele Lappmark, Vindelälven, N Tjatsemvare, 45 km NW Ammarnäs
   ; verbatimEventDate:
   23 VII 1965
   ; individualCount:
   1
   ; sex:
   female
   ; catalogNumber:
   Type # 6365:4; MZLU-110423
   ; recordedBy:
   A & S Ulfstrand
   ; institutionCode:
   MZLU
   ; source:
   https://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/mzlutype06365/

Taxon discussion

The first record of T. (V.) balioptera out of the Nearctic Region was published by Starkevich and Paramonov (2016) with taxonomic account as follows:

= Tipula (Vestiplex) laccata laccata: Savchenko 1964 nec Lundstrom and Frey 1916 (partim), after Starkevich and Paramonov (2016).

A single male specimen from Yakutyia, Russia was detected amongst material identified as T. (V.) laccata by E. N. Savchenko (Savchenko 1964). Another partim of the T. (V.) laccata material belonged to T. (V.) aldrichiana, a species which was also recorded in the Palaearctic for the first time (Starkevich and Paramonov 2016). Later, T. (V.) balioptera was recorded in Mongolia (Starkevich et al. 2020) and Norway (Kolcsár et al. 2023).

Following Mannheims (1971), all material published by Savchenko (1964) as T. (V.) laccata was synonymised with T. (V.) tchukchi Alexander, 1934, including some other material listed below:

Tipula (Vestiplex) tchukchi Alexander, 1934

= laccata Lackschewitz 1936 (partim), Mannheims 1953 (partim), Savchenko 1964, nec Lundstrom and Frey 1916, after Mannheims (1971).

Finally, another species T. (V.) bo Mannheims, 1967 was synonymised by Mannheims and Savchenko (1973) with the taxonomic list as follows:

Tipula (Vestiplex) tchukchi Alexander, 1934

= laccata Lackschewitz 1936, Mannheims 1953, Savchenko 1964, nec Lundstrom and Frey 1916, after Mannheims and Savchenko (1973).

As can be seen from the taxonomic records (Mannheims 1971, Mannheims and Savchenko 1973), besides T. (V.) bo, three partims of T. (V.) laccata material were listed as T. (V.) tchukchi.

After examination of type material of T. (V.) bo and based on morphology analysis, we found that this species belongs to T. (V.) balioptera and thus is a junior synonym:

Tipula (Vestiplex) bo Mannheims, 1967 - Mannheims 1967: 148 syn. nov. stat. res.

= laccata Lackschewitz 1936 (partim), Mannheims 1953 (partim), Savchenko 1964 (partim), nec Lundstrom and Frey 1916.

Subsequently, T. (V.) tchukchi is exluded from the list of fauna from Norway, Sweden and Finland.

Analysis

Discussion

Discussion on morphology results

Tipula (V.) perretti was described from single male collected in Labrador, Canada by Alexander (1928). No additional material was published after the original description. The specimen was not dissected and limited drawing of male genitalia showing the caudal part of tergite 9 was only provided. In addition, the specific position of tergite 9 was omitted by Alexander, but described in his another work (Alexander 1934): “In a number of species of Vestiplex, the tergal saucer tends to swing ventrad so as to lie on the lower face of the tergite, in which case the only part of the sclerite visible from above is feebly sclerotized cephalic portion, together with the cephalic rim of the saucer, where this is developed. In such cases, when treated with caustic soda, the saucer swings dorsad and cephalad so as to assume its normal position. This curious occurrence was first noted by Mr. Edwards, and unless appreciated may cause confusion in separation of allied species”. The holotype of T. (V.) perretti represents described specific position of tergite 9 (Fig. 1B and C). In addition, inner gonostyli were also not visible due to the specific position of tergite 9. This possibly caused the issue with identification, so that the specimen was described as new species. After specimen examination and genitalia dissection, it turned out that the morphology is identical to that of T. (V.) balioptera, a species widely distributed throughout the Nearctic and Palaearctic (Oosterbroek 2024). The new record of T. (V.) balioptera in Europe stimulated revision of existing literature and material of local T. (Vestiplex) species and, as a consequence, the type material of T. (V.) bo was revised uncovering its identity with T. (V.) balioptera. Males of T. (V.) balioptera can be separated from its nearest ally T. (V.) laccata by details of tergite 9, outer and inner gonostyli. They can be also distinguished by the genital bride. Tergite 9 of T. (V.) balioptera posteriorly has a broad median notch, lateral angle extended, horn-shaped (Fig. 2A and Fig. 3A). In T. (V.) laccata, the posterior margin has a deep and narrow median notch and obtuse lateral angles (Starkevich et al. 2020: fig. 75).

Figure 1.  

Male of Tipula (Vestiplex) perretti, holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view; B Hypopygium, lateral view; C Hypopygium, dorsal view. Scale bars: a (A) = 5 mm, b (B, C) = 1 mm.

Figure 2.  

Hypopygium of male Tipula (Vestiplex) perretti, holotype. A Tergite 9, dorsal view; B. Left gonocoxite, outer and inner gonostyli, lateral view; B. Left outer gonostylus, lateral view; C Right outer gonostylus, lateral view; D Right inner gonostylus, lateral view; E Genital bridge, dorsal view; F Adminiculum, lateral view; G Sperm pump, dorsal view; H Distal part of aedeagus, lateral view. Abbreviations: aa, anterior apodeme; aia, anterior immovable apodeme; ca, compressor apodeme; gcx, gonocoxite; pa, posterior apodeme; pia, posterior immovable apodeme; sp1, sclerite sp1. Scale bars: a (A, C–G) = 0.5 mm, b (B) = 0.5 mm, c (H) = 0.25 mm.

Figure 3.  

Hypopygium of male Tipula (Vestiplex) balioptera, Norway, NVO.ins2018-168. A Tergite 9, dorsal view; B Left outer gonostylus, lateral view; C Left inner gonostylus, lateral view; D Genital bridge with proctiger, dorsal view. Scale bar absent.

Inner gonostylus of T. (V.) balioptera with beak extended (Fig. 2D and Fig. 3), while in T. (V.) laccata, beak is short (Starkevich et al. 2020: fig. 78). Genital bridge of T. (V.) balioptera with posterior apodeme triangular (Fig. 2E and Fig. 3D), while it is rounded in T. (V.) laccata (Starkevich et al. 2020: fig. 79). Females of T. (V.) balioptera can be easily separated by sternite 9 having additional lateral incisions (Starkevich et al. 2020: fig. 48) which are absent in T. (V.) laccata (Starkevich et al 2020: fig. 84).

Hypopygium. Tergite 9 forming a concave sclerotised saucer (Fig. 2A and Fig. 3A). Posterior margin of tergite 9 emarginated, with broad median V-shaped notch, with 2 yellow oblong projections and black median spinous tooth, additional small denticles on either side. Lateral angle of tergite 9 extended, horn-shaped. Anterior part of tergite 9 raised into sclerotised border, its lateral angle terminating into obtuse tooth. Gonocoxite unarmed (Fig. 2B). Outer gonostylus flattened, nearly parallel-sided with apex oblique (Fig. 2C and Fig. 3B). Inner gonostylus in shape of curved plate, dorsally with small acute spine, beak extended into rostrum with distal margin blackened, tipped with small tooth (Fig. 2D and Fig. 3C). Genital bridge with its sp1 forming anterior apodeme, posterior apodeme nearly triangular; sclerite sp1 well developed, bilobed (Fig. 2E and Fig. 3D). Aedeagal guide relatively narrow tube-shaped structure (Fig. 2F). Sperm pump with compressor apodeme having median incision (Fig. 2G). Posterior immovable apodeme slightly longer than compressor apodeme and slightly broadened. Anterior immovable apodeme irregularly-shaped. Aedeagus with distal part ventrally membranous, shovel-shaped (Fig. 2H).

Variation. The tergal median denticle on posterior margin of tergite 9 shows some variations, from single, obtuse (Fig. 2A) to stout (Fig. 3A) or split (Fig. 4A and B).

Figure 4.  

Tipula (Vestiplex) bo, male and female terminalia, paratypes. A Hypopygium dorso-lateral view; B Hypopygium dorsal view; C Ovipositor with cercus, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Ovipositor (Fig. 4C). Cercus yellowish, slightly shorter than tergite 10, with tip curved dorsally and with small incision (Fig. 2) which is absent in the Mongolian specimen; outer margin with rough and obtuse serration. Hypovalva in shape of pale elongated filament, lateral incision present (Starkevich et al. 2020: fig. 48).

Acknowledgements

References

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