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Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomy & Inventories
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Manuel J. Garre‡, John Girdley‡, Juan J Guerrero‡, Rosa M. Rubio‡, Antonio S. Ortiz‡|
Corresponding author: Antonio S. Ortiz (aortiz@um.es)
Academic editor: Robert Tropek
Received: 19 Feb 2025 | Accepted: 23 Apr 2025 | Published: 23 May 2025
© 2025 Manuel Garre, John Girdley, Juan Guerrero, Rosa Rubio, Antonio S. Ortiz
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Garre MJ, Girdley J, Guerrero J, Rubio RM, Ortiz AS (2025) An annotated checklist of the Tortricidae of the region of Murcia (Spain) with new records, distribution and biological data (Lepidoptera, Tortricoidea). Biodiversity Data Journal 13: e150786. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.13.e150786
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Abstract
Background
The Murcia Region is located at the south-east corner of the Iberian Peninsula and has a great diversity of Lepidoptera fauna, as a zoogeographical crossroads and biodiversity hotspot with almost 1,100 butterflies and moth species recorded. The study of its Microlepidoptera fauna has already been initiated previously for the families Crambidae and Pyralidae into the clade Obtectometra.
New information
This document presents a detailed and critical catalogue of Tortricidae moths (Lepidoptera, Tortricoidea) from the Murcia Region, derived from an analysis of museum specimens as well as both published and new observations. A total of two subfamilies (Tortricinae and Olethreutinae), 52 genera and 107 species have been identified and are provided here, complete with their collection details, references in literature and biological information. This includes chorotype, voltinism, larval feeding behaviour and the flight periods observed within the study area. Amongst these, seventy-four species are recorded for the first time, twenty-six species are corroborated from existing literature and merely seven species have yet to be seen in the Murcia Region.
Keywords
Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, checklist, chorology, distribution, new records, phenology, feeding patterns, Iberian Peninsula
Introduction
The Tortricidae, belonging to the superfamily Tortricoidea, are mostly nocturnal micromoths (Microlepidoptera) with an estimated 10,300 named species worldwide, of which the European fauna is represented by ca. 1,100 species (
The Tortricidae of the Iberian Peninsula are poorly recorded and more precise data are necessary for the production of distribution maps since only Aragon (
Historically, the first tortricid moths recorded and described from Murcia Region in
Later, in the second half of the 20th century,
In the 21st century,
The summary for the ecophysiological characterisation of the study area (south-eastern Iberian Peninsula) can be consulted in
The study of the Tortricidae family of the Region of Murcia is a continuation of those initiated for the families Crambidae (
Materials and methods
The list contains all species of Tortricidae collected by the authors along with the material deposited in the private collections of J.A. de la Calle, F. Lencina, F. Albert and F. Arcas. The study was carried out from 1978 to 2024 distributed in 424 samples taken in 57 locations belonging to 17 municipalities in the Region of Murcia (Fig.
Black and actinic (6 and 15 W) Heath traps, 125 W Robinson traps, 125 W mercury vapour traps and 4 W LED light traps were used for nocturnal sampling. Catches taken in the urban environment (street lighting) are also included. All these sampling points are located within the study area and cover protected areas like the mountainous Regional Parks of Sierra Espuña and Sierra de la Pila, the coastal Regional Parks of Calblanque, Monte de las Cenizas y Peña del Águila and Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar, Humedal del Ajauque y Rambla Salada, Saladares del Guadalentín and Revolcadores, as well as other natural areas without special protection including agricultural landscapes and urban environments.
All studied specimens are deposited in the entomological collection in the Zoology Department of Murcia University (Spain) and in the collections of Francisco Lencina, Fernando Albert and Francisco Arcas. The occurrence data can be accessed at GBIF by https://doi.org/10.15470/lo5ekw
Notes on the checklist
The subfamilies are systematically ordered and identified, based on the classification of Tortricidae by
Annotated checklist of Tortricidae recorded in the Murcia Region
Family Tortricidae
Subfamily Tortricinae
Tribe Cochylini
Phtheochroa cymatodana
Phtheochroa ochrobasana
Phtheochroa syrtana
Phtheochroa rugosana
Hysterophora maculosana
Cochylimorpha agenjoi
Cochylimorpha cultana
Cochylimorpha elongana
Cochylimorpha meridiana
Cochylimorpha decolorella
Cochylimorpha straminea
Cochylimorpha salinarida
Phalonidia albipalpana
Phalonidia contractana
Agapeta angelana
Eugnosta lathoniana
Aethes williana
Aethes margarotana
Aethes moribundana
Aethes languidana
Aethes flagellana
Aethes francillana
Aethes bilbaensis
Aethes tornella
Aethes scalana
Aethes perfidana
Aethes kindermanniana
Cochylidia heydeniana
Diceratura infantana
Longicornutia epilinana
Neocochylis molliculana
Pontoturania posterana
Tribe Tortricini
Tortrix viridana
Aleimma loeflingiana
Acleris variegana
Tribe Cnephasiini
Xerocnephasia rigana
Oxypteron schawerdai
Eana nevadensis
Cnephasia pasiuana
Cnephasia alfacarana
Cnephasia fulturata
Cnephasia sedana
Tribe Sparganothini
Sparganothis pilleriana
Platynota stultana
Tribe Archipini
Ditula joannisiana
Paramesia alhamana
Avaria hyerana
Pandemis heparana
Lozotaenia cupidinana
Cacoecimorpha pronubana
Clepsis unicolorana
Clepsis eatoniana
Clepsis siciliana
Lozotaeniodes cupressana
Tribe Olethreutini
Bactra lancealana
Bactra venosana
Bactra bactrana
Bactra simpliciana
Endothenia oblongana
Endothenia marginana
Endothenia pauperculana
Hedya nubiferana
Piniphila bifasciana
Lobesia botrana
Lobesia indusiana
Lobesia limoniana
Tribe Eucosmini
Thiodia trochilana
Thiodia couleruana
Acroclita subsequana
Epinotia thapsiana
Epinotia dalmatana
Zeiraphera griseana
Crocidosema plebejana
Pelochrista fusculana
Pelochrista mollitana
Pelochrista infidana
Eucosma cumulana
Eucosma gonzalezalvarezi
Eucosma callei
Gypsonoma minutana
Epiblema scutulana
Notocelia cynosbatella
Notocelia incarnatana
Pseudococcyx tessulatana
Clavigesta gerti
Rhyacionia buoliana
Rhyacionia pinicolana
Rhyacionia maritimana
Rhyacionia pinivorana
Tribe Enarmoniini
Ancylis sparulana
Tribe Grapholitini
Grapholita lunulana
Grapholita molesta
Cydia gilviciliana
Cydia ulicetana
Cydia ilipulana
Cydia vallesiaca
Cydia adenocarpi
Cydia conicolana
Cydia coniferana
Cydia pomonella
Cydia splendana
Cydia fagiglandana
Cydia amplana
Selania leplastriana
Selania resedana
Selania capparidana
Pammene fasciana
Analysis
The list includes 107 species in 52 genera and two subfamilies: Tortricinae (54 species) and Olethreutinae (53 species). Seventy-four new records (69.2%) from the Murcia Region are added to its Lepidopteran fauna. The number of species known from this territory, at this time, accounts for 9.7% of the European (1,100) and 20.3% of the Iberian species (527).
The most species-rich subfamily, Tortricinae, comprises 55.8% of all genera and 50.5% of all species, while Olethreutinae comprises 44.2% and 49.5%, respectively (Table
Numbers and percentages of known genera and species recorded for each subfamily in Murcia Region.
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Subfamilies |
Genus richness |
% Genus |
Species richness |
% Species |
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Tortricinae |
29 |
55.8 |
54 |
50.5 |
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Olethreutinae |
23 |
44.2 |
53 |
49.5 |
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Total |
52 |
100 |
107 |
100 |
Known Tortricidae diversity in the Murcia Region seems still relatively poor when compared to those in other Iberian Regions and with the whole of the Iberian Peninsula, as, for instance, the only three Iberian regions extensively surveyed like Catalonia (346 species;
The most species-rich Tortricidae genera in the Murcia Region are Aethes and Cydia (11 species, 10.3% each, respectively), Cochylimorpha (7 species, 6.5%) and Phtheochroa, Cnephasia, Bactra and Rhyacionia (4 species, 3.7% each, respectively). On the other hand, eleven of the studied genera are species-poor (2-3 species) and 34 genera are single species.
Species richness varies substantially amongst the different bioclimatic belts of the Murcia Region (Fig.
List of unique species in each bioclimatic area or in more than one bioclimatic area.
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Oro- and Supramediterranean |
Aethes moribundana (Staudinger, 1859) |
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Aethes flagellana (Duponchel, 1836) |
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Pontoturania posterana (Zeller, 1847) |
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Eana nevadensis (Rebel, 1929) |
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Piniphila bifasciana (Haworth, 1811) |
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Epiblema scutulana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) |
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Rhyacionia pinicolana (Doubleday, 1850) |
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Rhyacionia pinivorana (Lienig & Zeller, 1846) |
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Cydia conicolana (Heylaerts, 1874) |
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Mesomediterranean |
Phtheochroa cymatodana (Rebel, 1927) |
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Agapeta angelana (Kennel, 1919) |
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Aethes scalana (Zerny, 1927) |
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Aethes kindermanniana (Treitschke, 1830) |
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Diceratura infantana (Kennel, 1899) |
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Aleimma loeflingiana (Linnaeus, 1758) |
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Cnephasia pasiuana (Hübner, 1799) |
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Cnephasia fulturata Rebel, 1940 |
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Ditula joannisiana (Ragonot, 1889) |
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Paramesia alhamana (Schmidt, 1934) |
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Pandemis heparana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) |
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Hedya nubiferana (Haworth, 1811) |
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Eucosma callei Girdley, Garre, Rubio & Ortiz, 2025 |
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Notocelia cynosbatella (Linnaeus, 1758) |
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Notocelia incarnatana (Hübner, 1800) |
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Cydia splendana (Hübner, 1799) |
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Thermomediterranean |
Phtheochroa rugosana (Hübner, 1799) |
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Hysterophora maculosana (Haworth, 1811) |
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Cochylimorpha agenjoi (Razowski, 1963) |
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Cochylimorpha elongana (Fischer von Röslerstamm, 1839) |
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Cochylimorpha salinarida Groenen & Larsen, 2003 |
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Phalonidia albipalpana (Zeller, 1847) |
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Aethes williana (Brahm, 1791) |
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Aethes languidana (Mann, 1855) |
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Aethes bilbaensis (Rössler, 1877) |
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Cochylidia heydeniana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) |
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Neocochylis molliculana (Zeller, 1847) |
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Oxypteron schawerdai (Rebel, 1936) |
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Cnephasia sedana (Constant, 1884) |
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Platynota stultana (Walsingham, 1884) |
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Avaria hyerana (Millière, 1858) |
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Lozotaeniodes cupressana (Duponchel, 1836) |
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Bactra venosana (Zeller, 1847) |
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Bactra bactrana (Kennel, 1901) |
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Bactra simpliciana Chrétien, 1915 |
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Endothenia oblongana (Haworth, 1811) |
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Endothenia marginana (Haworth, 1811) |
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Endothenia pauperculana (Staudinger, 1859) |
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Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) |
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Lobesia indusiana (Zeller, 1847) |
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Lobesia limoniana (Millière, 1860) |
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Thiodia couleruana (Duponchel, 1835) |
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Acroclita subsequana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) |
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Zeiraphera griseana (Hübner, 1799) |
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Eucosma cumulana (Guenée, 1845) |
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Gypsonoma minutana (Hübner, 1799) |
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Grapholita molesta (Busck in Quaintance & Wood, 1916) |
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Cydia adenocarpi (Ragonot, 1875) |
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Selania resedana (Obraztsov, 1959) |
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Selania capparidana (Zeller, 1847) |
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Oro-, Supra- and Mesomediterranean |
Cochylimorpha meridiana (Staudinger, 1859) |
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Eugnosta lathoniana (Hübner, 1800) |
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Cnephasia alfacarana Razowski, 1958 |
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Cydia ulicetana (Haworth, 1811) |
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Pammene fasciana (Linnaeus, 1761) |
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Meso- and Thermomediterranean |
Phtheochroa syrtana Ragonot, 1888 |
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Cochylimorpha decolorella (Zeller, 1839) |
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Cochylimorpha straminea (Haworth, 1811) |
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Aethes margarotana (Duponchel, 1836) |
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Aethes francillana (Fabricius, 1794) |
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Acleris variegana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) |
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Clepsis eatoniana (Ragonot, 1881) |
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Bactra lancealana (Hübner, 1799) |
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Thiodia trochilana (Frölich, 1828) |
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Epinotia thapsiana (Zeller, 1847) |
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Epinotia dalmatana (Rebel, 1891) |
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Crocidosema plebejana (Zeller, 1847) |
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Pelochrista infidana (Hübner, 1824) |
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Eucosma gonzalezalvarezi Agenjo, 1970 |
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Pseudococcyx tessulatana (Staudinger, 1871) |
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Clavigesta gerti Larsen, 2010 |
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Rhyacionia buoliana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) |
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Ancylis sparulana (Staudinger, 1859) |
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Cydia ilipulana (Walsingham, 1903) |
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Cydia vallesiaca (Sauter, 1968) |
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Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus, 1758) |
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Cydia amplana (Hübner, 1799) |
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Selania leplastriana (Curtis, 1831) |
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Oro- and Supra- and Thermomediterranean |
Phtheochroa ochrobasana (Chrétien, 1915) |
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Tortrix viridana Linnaeus, 1758 |
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Pelochrista mollitana (Zeller, 1847) |
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Cydia coniferana (Saxesen, 1840) |
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All areas |
Cochylimorpha cultana (Lederer, 1855) |
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Phalonidia contractana (Zeller, 1847) |
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Longicornutia epilinana (Duponchel, 1843) |
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Lozotaenia cupidinana (Staudinger, 1859) |
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Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, 1799) |
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Clepsis unicolorana (Duponchel, 1835) |
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Clepsis siciliana (Ragonot, 1894) |
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Rhyacionia maritimana Pröse, 1981 |
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Cydia fagiglandana (Zeller, 1841) |
Chorological analysis for the family Tortricidae in the Murcia Region showed that the species of wide distribution chorotypes are most abundant at 53.3% of the total, including the Eurasiatic (33.6%), Cosmopolitan (8.4%), Holarctic (7.5%) and Palaearctic (3.7%) chorotypes. On the other hand, the Mediterranean species are also abundant with 46.7%, distributed amongst the Atlanto-Mediterranean (20.6%), Asiatic-Mediterranean (19.6%) and endemism (6.5%) chorotypes. These last results differ from those obtained in the study of the Crambidae and Pyralidae families where the Mediterranean species were the most abundant with 56.6% (
Regarding the biology of the species, the environmental conditions of the study area, which affect the availability of trophic resources for reproduction, suggest that most of the species are univoltins (49.5%) and bivoltins (41.1%), while a small proportion are polyvoltins (9.3%). The voltinism of some species is based on known data from central and northern European species, so the life cycles of species in warmer and drier regions in the south of the continent, as is the case in the Murcia Region, do not necessarily have the same characteristics. In this way, the flight period of many species may be earlier, more extended and even bi- and polyvoltinism may be more frequent due to the bioclimatic conditions of the Murcia Region.
In relation to the feeding strategies of caterpillars, 37.4% of the species are monophagous, 26.2% oligophagous, 17.8% polyphagous and the feeding behaviour for the remaining 18.7% is unknown. Approximately 20% of the listed species are opportunistic with great agricultural and forestry interest as they are considered pests of numerous cultivated and wild plants that dominate part of the Murcian territory. Amongst the species that feed on cultivated plants are Lobesia botrana and Sparganothis pilleriana feeding on vines; Cnephasia pasiuana on wheat; Cacoecimorpha pronubana on pomegranate and ornamental plants; Crocidosema plebejana on corn and cotton plants; Grapholita molesta, Cydia pomonella and Pandemis heparana on fruit trees; Cydia splendana, C. fagiglandana and Pammene fasciana on walnut trees; Selania leplastriana on cabbage. Species feeding on forest and wild crops are Rhyaciona buoliana and Tortrix viridana which can cause damage to pine and oak forests, respectively. Platynota stultana, originally from Mexico and the United States, is the case of a recently introduced pest. Detected in Europe for the first time in Murcia in 2009 by the Plant Health Services of Murcia, it was later found in crops in Almeria, Alicante and Granada. It is a polyphagous species that feeds on a wide variety of plant species, such as vines, pomegranates, ornamental plants, stone and seed fruit trees, alfalfa, lettuce, peppers, tomatoes, etc. (
On the other hand, some species are expanding their distribution in the Iberian Peninsula, such as Cochylimorpha salinarida, described with specimens collected in the Province of Alicante (
Discussion
Prior to our investigation, the number of known Tortricidae moth species in the Murcia Region was 32. Our study increases this number to a total of 107, based on an examination of museum specimens, published records and sampled individuals, accounting for 20.3% of all of the Iberian species known. This study presents an updated checklist of current Tortricidae moth species with their distribution and biological information for the Murcia Region in the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. This study serves as both a guide for collection in the poorly-sampled south-western European continent and a comprehensive reference list with the Tortricidae taxa and localities where conservation is an important priority for policy-makers, conservation planners and for the management of insect diversity in Spain. We encourage lepidopterists holding additional data on systematically collected tortricids to produce an updated dataset.
Acknowledgements
Thanks are due to José A. de la Calle, Francisco Lencina, Fernando Albert and Francisco Arcas for allowing access to their personal collections, while Claire Ward improved the manuscript linguistically. We are very grateful for this collegial and kind support. This study has been supported by the Regional Excellence 19908-GERM-15 project of the Fundación Séneca (Regional Government of Murcia, Spain). Collecting permits were issued by Environmental Authority of Murcia Region.
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