This species EOO and AOO are unkown.

Only reference for the Island of Madeira, from unspecified locality (Blackwall 1859).

The population size and trend are unknown.

The habitat is unknown, the only specimen was captured in a garden at 200m altitude (Blackwall 1859).

The ecology of the species is unknown. The species and family are orb weavers feeding mostly on flying insects.

Unknown threats.

This species EOO and AOO are unknown.

Recorded from both Madeira Island and Porto Santo, from unspecified localities (Roewer 1960, Schmidt 1990).

The population size and trend are unknown.

There is poor information on species habitat, although the second record was from a sandy beach (Schmidt 1990).

The species ecology is unknown. Species of the same family and genus are active epigean hunters of insects and other arthropods.

Unknown threats.

Known from two lava tube systems (Wunderlich 1995, Reboleira et al. 2011). Given the relative scarcity and small size of caves in Madeira, this could correspond to the entire range of the species although, as noted above, it probably is a junior synonym of C. sexoculatus.

Only found in the lava tubes of Gruta dos Cardais in São Vicente, on northern Madeira Island, and Furnas do Cavalum in Machico, on eastern Madeira Island. Gruta dos Cardais is part of the largest known cave system in Madeira. The neighboring Grutas de São Vicente, which probably were once habitat for the species, are now in large part converted to show caves with extensive modifications in microclimate, including artificial lighting, water reservoirs and even newly built tunnels.

No decrease in EOO has been registered but it is inferred from decline in habitat quality.

No decrease in AOO was observed, but it is inferred from decline in habitat quality.

Two locations, Gruta dos Cardais and Furnas do Cavalum, are threatened by uncontrolled visits, accumulation of litter and, in the case of the first, being used as shelter for domestic animals (Reboleira et al. 2011). A potential location, Grutas de São Vicente, was probably lost in the 1990s to a touristic development.

The possible third location was lost more than 10 years ago, meaning the current trend in number of locations is probably stable despite the impeding threats.

The current threats are believed to cause a decrease in the species population numbers in unknown rates.

The uncontrolled visits by tourists and locals that think of caves as adventure playground, accumulation of litter and use by domestic animals cause major changes in the cave environment and consequent decrease in quality of habitat for the species. This is believed to be leading to a decrease in population numbers, although no monitoring is being made and the rates are unknown.

Only two subpopulations historically known.

Species known from two lava tube systems.

The quality of habitat is inferred to be decreasing due to severe changes in the environment of caves.

Ecology and traits are largely unknown as the only references to the species are from a short taxonomic description and a checklist. Yet, congeners are known to build sheet webs and this species might build them on cave walls on the hunt for insects.

The species was probably driven away from part of its historical range by touristic activities that include digging of new tunnels, water regime modifications (artificial pools) and artificial lighting. Both current locations are threatened by use of caves by domestic animals, uncontrolled visits and accumulation of litter.

Furnas do Cavalum are considered scientific patrimony by the "Plano Director Municipal" of Machico. Yet, this cave species would benefit from effective protection with adequate legislation of the two lava tube systems where it occurs with eventual restoration of natural conditions of the environment and recovery and re-introduction in the lost location. While this is not possible, or as an alternative, a strict code of conduct for touristic or other activities in caves should be enforced and both communication to the general public and training of touristic agents should be subject of a conservation plan.

Only known from a single lava tube system (Wunderlich 1992). Given the relative scarcity and small size of caves in Madeira, this could correspond to the entire range of the species.

Only found in the lava tubes of Furnas do Cavalum, close to Machico on eastern Madeira Island (Wunderlich 1992), although, if the synonymy with the more widespread C. anoculus is confirmed, it occupies two cave systems (see assessment for the latter species).

Possibly threatened by uncontrolled visits to the caves and accumulation of litter (Reboleira et al. 2011) which decrease the habitat quality and ability of the species to occupy its full historical range.

Possibly threatened by uncontrolled visits to the caves and accumulation of litter (Reboleira et al. 2011) which decrease the habitat quality and ability of the species to occupy its full historical range.

A single site is known for the species, which is currently under serious threat.

The single location is the full known historical range.

The population size of this species is unknown. It is possibly threatened by uncontrolled visits to the caves and accumulation of litter (Reboleira et al. 2011) which decrease the habitat quality and ability of the species to occupy its full historical range.

A single subpopulation exists of unknown size.

Species known from a single lava tube system, Furnas do Cavalum, Machico.

This is a troglobiont species with considerable eye reduction, depigmentation and appendage elongation. Ecology and traits are largely unknown as the only reference to the species is from a short taxonomic description. However, congeners are known to build sheet webs and this species might build them on cave walls on the hunt for insects.

This species is possibly threatened by uncontrolled visits to the caves and accumulation of litter (Reboleira et al. 2011) which decrease the habitat quality and ability of the species to occupy its full historical range.

Furnas do Cavalum are considered scientific patrimony by the "Plano Director Municipal" of Machico. Yet, this cave species would benefit from effective protection with adequate legislation of the lava tube system where it occurs with eventual restoration of natural conditions of the environment and recovery of its population. It should also be formally protected by adequate legislation.

Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest (Denis 1962, Wunderlich 1987, Crespo et al. 2014b). It was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.

Centromerus variegatus is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on the steep and humid northern slopes.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing a decline in area and the invasive species present seem not to affect the spider populations.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing a decline in area and the invasive species present seem not to affect the spider populations.

No known threats to the species.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing a decline in area and the invasive species present seem not to affect the spider population.

No population size estimates exist.

Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.

This species is a sheet-web builder on the tree branches and under stones, feeding mainly on small insects. The species seems closely associated to the laurisilva forest.

Unknown threats.

Most of the species range lies inside the Madeira Natural Park.

Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest (Denis 1962, Wunderlich 1987, Crespo et al. 2014b). It was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.

Ceratinopsis infuscata is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly the steep and humid northern slopes.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.

No known threats to the species.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.

No population size estimates exist.

Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.

Sheet-web builder of the canopy stratum, feeding on small insects.

Unknown threats.

Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.

Only four records for this species exist, mostly recent and all in laurisilva forest (Denis 1962, Crespo et al. 2014b). It was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.

Dipoenata longitarsis is known from a few sites in laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.

No known threats to the species.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.

No population size estimates exist.

Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.

As other species in the genus, D. longitarsis may feed mostly on ants at ground level and low vegetation.

Unknown threats.

Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.

Largely unknown, as there are only two records for the species (Denis 1962, Wunderlich 1992), both on open mountainous areas.

Drassodes rugichelis is known from two sites (Paúl da Serra and Pico do Cidrão), both on open mountain areas. The true range is however unknown and not possible to model with confidence.

No population size estimates exist.

The two only known sites for the species are in open, mountain areas.

The ecology of this species is mostly unknown, but it is probable that they are active nocturnal hunters at ground level.

The mountain areas of Madeira Island have been affected by recent wildfires, which might have affected this species.

Part of the known species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.

The restricted distribution of the species allows to known its EOO and AOO with reasonable confidence.

The species is restricted to the small Selvagens archipelago that lies between Madeira and the Canary Islands, where it possibly occupies all islets - Selvagem Grande, Selvagem Pequena and Ilhéu de Fora (Macías-Hernández et al. 2010).

No current threats to the species.

No current threats to the species.

No current threats to the species.

No current threats to the species.

No current threats to the species.

No population size estimates exist.

No current threats to the species.

The Selvagens archipelago is dominated by barren areas with low herbaceous vegetation and rocky outcrops.

The natural vegetation of Selvagem Grande has been largely recovered by successful projects coordinated by the Madeira Natural Park devoted to the eradication of invasive species.

This species is found across the islands living on barren and rocky areas. The diet of D. aneris is unknown, although most congeners are specialized hunters feeding on woodlice.

Although not currently a threat, the invasive D. crocata has been previously found on Selvagem Grande in the past (Macías-Hernández et al. 2010). It is possible that a future re-introduction of the species might lead to competition for resources with D. aneris with unpredictable consequences, as was already suggested for the extinction of at least one endemic Dysdera in the Azores (Cardoso et al. 2010).

The entire range of the species is within the Selvagens Nature Reserve.

Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest. It was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.

Dysdera coiffaiti is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not declining in area and the invasive species present should not affect this spider's population.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect this spider's population.

No known threats to the species.

No known threats to the species

No known threats to the species.

No population size estimates exist.

Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not declining in area and the invasive species present should not affect this spider's population.

Found across the laurisilva forest of Madeira Island, living on the soil. The diet of D. coiffaiti is unknown, although most congeners are specialized hunters feeding on woodlice.

Unknown threats.

Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.

A single record is published on the original description without a precise locality (Blackwall 1862). Two more records are recent and to be confirmed and were used on an attemp to model the species distribution.

Dysdera diversa is known only from high altitude areas of laurisilva forest (above 800m).

Inferred to be stable as the preferred habitat area and quality is stable.

Inferred to be stable as the preferred habitat area and quality is stable.

No known threats to the species.

Possibly stable as the preferred habitat area and quality is stable.

No species abundance estimates exist

High altitude laurisilva forest.

Preferred habitat area and quality is stable.

The species is found on few places of the high-altitude laurisilva forest of Madeira Island, living on the soil. The diet of D. diversa is unknown, although most congeners are specialized hunters feeding on woodlice.

Unknown threats.

All the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.

Only two subpopulations of this species are known. These are in close proximity, on the Island of Porto Santo, which has been extensively surveyed, therefore the entire current distribution of this species should be known.

The species seems to be restricted to the northeastern part of the island of Porto Santo. It was originally described from Pico Branco (Wunderlich 1995), the area with the most extensive and best preserved native vegetation on the island. A single juvenile was recently collected at the top of the neighbouring Pico do Facho, in a small area with few native plants (e.g. Heberdenia excelsa) within exotic pine and cedar trees.

Although the species is not known to ever have occupied areas outside its current range, this is extremely small (EOO is in effect < 1km²) and restricted to two nearby peaks with very few remnant native vegetation, with most areas surrounding them being converted to agricultural fields now abandoned or exotic pine and cedar plantations.

The species is not known to ever have occupied areas outside its current range, this being extremely small (AOO is in effect < 1km²) and restricted to two peaks with very few remnant native vegetation. Most areas surrounding them were converted to agricultural fields now abandoned or exotic pine and cedar plantations.

The two peaks where the species is found are surrounded by exotic tree plantations with numerous invasive plant species. The species seems to be able to survive mostly among native vegetation but also in few sheltered sites with planted trees. Yet, the spread of invasive plants might jeopardize the subpopulations in these two peaks.

Further subpopulations were almost certainly lost in nearby peaks (e.g. Moledo or Pico da Gandaia), but probably before the species description in 1995.

Inferred from possible decline in habitat quality (leading also to possible decline in EOO and AOO) due to the effects of invasive plant species that do not provide adequate shelter for the spider.

No population size estimates exist.

As only one juvenile individual (identified through clear somatic characters) was found in Pico do Facho despite intensive sampling, it is possible that this subpopulation is endangered due to loss of habitat quality in the near future. That would mean that only a single subpopulation (50%) in Pico Branco would be left.

The species seems to be restricted to rocky or few native vegetation areas with Erica platycodon or Heberdenia excelsa often within exotic pine and cedar.

Possible estimated decline in habitat quality (leading also to possible inferred decline in EOO and AOO) due to the effects of invasive plant species that do not provide adequate shelter for the spider.

The species is found living within scarce patches of native vegetation. The diet of D. portisancti is unknown, although most congeners are specialized hunters feeding on woodlice.

As the species seems to be able to survive mostly among native vegetation, probably due to difficulty in finding adequate shelter within other plant species, the spread of invasive plants might jeopardize its survival.

Part of the original habitat (Pico Branco) is included in the Natura network, but both localities urgently need to be restored jointly with the neighbouring peaks. The spider would benefit from recovery and re-introduction to these new areas which should have been part of its historical range with possible ex-situ breeding for both re-introduction and raising awareness on its emperiled status.

Distribution of the species is unknown as there is only a single record from Caldeirão do Inferno in 1962 (Denis 1962). It has not been found since this despite recent survey efforts.

Distribution of the species is unknown as there is a single record from Caldeirao do Inferno in 1962 (Denis 1962).

No population size estimates exist.

Probably humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.

The diet of D. vandeli is unknown, although most congeners are specialized hunters feeding on woodlice.

Unknown threats.

The known species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.

The species EOO and AOO are unknown.

Only mentioned from Madeira Island, with no locality data.

No population size estimates exist.

The species habitat is unknown.

If similar to other congeners, probably an active nocturnal hunter at ground level.

Unknown threats.

Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest (Kulczyński 1899, Crespo et al. 2014b). From previous data collection it was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.

Frontinellina dearmata is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.

No known threats to the species.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.

No population size estimates exist.

Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.

Sheet-web builder at the canopy of native trees feeding mainly on small insects.

Unknown threats.

Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.

Multiple collection sites have been recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest (Schenkel 1938, Denis 1962, Wunderlich 1987, Crespo et al. 2014b). It was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.

Frontiphantes fulgurenotatus is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.

No known threats to the species.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.

No population size estimates exist.

Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.

Sheet-web builder on the tree branches feeding mainly on small insects.

Unknown threats.

Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.

Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest (Schenkel 1938, Denis 1962, Crespo et al. 2014b). It was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.

Hahnia insulana is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

No known threats to the species.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

No population size estimates exist.

Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

This species is a sheet-web builder among the leaf-litter and low vegetation feeding mainly on small insects.

Unknown threats.

Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.

The species EOO and AOO are unknown.

Only recorded from the Island of Porto Santo, from undetermined locality.

No population size estimates exist.

The species habitat is unknown.

If valid, the species should be an active ground hunter feeding mainly on small/medium size arthropods.

Unknown threats.

Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, many of them recent and in a number of different habitats (Thorell 1875, Warburton 1892, Simon 1897, Kulczyński 1899, Schenkel 1938, Denis 1962, Denis 1963, Wunderlich 1992, Crespo et al. 2013). It was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.

Hogna heeri is known from varied and contrasting habitats, from open barren areas in Bugio (Desertas) to laurisilva forest in Madeira Island.

The species seems to be able to live on all kinds of habitat, even close to human settlements.

The species seems to be able to live on all kinds of habitat, even close to human settlements.

No known threats to the species.

The species seems to be able to live on all kinds of habitat, even close to human settlements.

No population size estimates exist.

The species seems to be able to live on all kinds of habitat, from barren areas to laurisilva forest.

Active ground hunter feeding mainly on small/medium size arthropods.

Unknown threats.

Part of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park and in the Desertas Nature Reserve.

Multiple collection sites have been recorded for the species, mostly recent in all Madeiran islands at low altitude (Kulczyński 1899, Denis 1962, Denis 1963, Schmidt 1990, Wunderlich 1992, Crespo et al. 2013). It was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.

Hogna insularum is known in open habitats across all Madeiran islands at low altitudes. On Madeira Island it only occupies the eastern region.

The preferred habitat of the species, open grassland or shrubland with frequent rock outcrops, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

The preferred habitat of the species, open grassland or scrubland with frequent rock outcrops, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

No known threats to the species.

The preferred habitat of the species, open grassland or shrubland with frequent rock outcrops, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

No population size estimates exist.

Open grassland or shrubland with frequent rock outcrops, very common in the eastern part of the archipelago at low altitudes.

The preferred habitat of the species is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

Active ground hunter feeding mainly on small/medium size arthropods.

Unknown threats.

Part of the species range is inside several protected areas including the Ponta de São Lourenco Special Protection Area and Desertas Nature Reserve.

Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, usually in open areas but at all altitudes, from coastal areas to the plateau of Paúl da Serra (Walckenaer 1837, Johnson 1863, Thorell 1875, Warburton 1892, Simon 1897, Kulczyński 1899, Schenkel 1938, Roewer 1960, Denis 1962, Denis 1963, Wunderlich 1992, Wunderlich 1995). It was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.

Hogna maderiana is known throughout the island of Madeira in open habitats.

The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.

The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.

No known threats to the species.

The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.

No population size estimates exist.

The species seems to be able to live on several open habitat types, including coastal areas and high-altitude plateaus dominated by grasses.

Active ground hunter feeding mainly on small/medium size arthropods.

Unknown threats.

The species EOO and AOO are unknown.

The true distribution of Hogna nonannulata is unknown (Roewer 1960, Wunderlich 1995), although it might be present exclusively in laurisilva forest.

No population size estimates exist.

The species was found from few sites in humid laurisilva forest (Ribeiro Frio) on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.

Active ground hunter feeding mainly on small/medium size arthropods.

Unknown threats.

The known locality is inside the Madeira Natural Park.

Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species (Blackwall 1857, Johnson 1863, Schmitz 1895, Kulczyński 1899, Cockerell 1924, Denis 1962, Schmidt 1990, Wunderlich 1992). It was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.

Across the entire island of Porto Santo and its small islets. Habitats include areas close to human settlements but exclude densely forested areas.

The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.

The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.

No current threats to the species.

The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.

No population size estimates exist.

The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements. It only avoids densely forested areas.

Active ground hunter feeding mainly on medium/large size arthropods.

Unknown threats.

A small part of the species range is inside the Porto Santo Network of Marine Protected Areas (which include islets).

Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in all habitat types (Blackwall 1862, Kulczyński 1899, Schenkel 1938, Denis 1962, Wunderlich 1992, Crespo et al. 2013, Crespo et al. 2014b). It was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.

Lathys affinis is known on all islands across the Madeira archipelago and on all habitat types, from laurisilva forest to open arid areas.

The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.

The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.

No known threats to the species.

The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.

No population size estimates exist.

The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.

Small cribellate web builder on vegetation or ground level feeding mainly on small insects.

Unknown threats.

Much of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park and in several protected areas across the archipelago.

Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest (Kulczyński 1909, Denis 1962, Crespo et al. 2014b). It was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.

Lepthyphantes impudicus is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing a decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

No known threats to the species.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

No population size estimates exist.

Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

This species is a sheet-web builder on the tree branches feeding mainly on small insects.

Unknown threats.

Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.

Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species in laurisilva forest (Schenkel 1938, Wunderlich 1987). It was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.

Lepthyphantes lundbladi is predicted to be present throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

No known threats to the species.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

No population size estimates exist.

Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.

This species is a sheet-web builder close to the soil, being first described from the entrance of a lava tube (Gruta da Ribeira do Inferno).

Unknown threats.

Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.

Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest (Wunderlich 1992, Crespo et al. 2014b). It was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.

Lepthyphantes mauli is known from different sites in laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

No known threats to the species.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.

No population size estimates exist.

Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.

The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.