Biodiversity Data Journal : Taxonomic Paper
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Corresponding author: Sarah Faulwetter (sarahfaulwetter@gmail.com)
Academic editor: Vasilis Gerovasileiou
Received: 14 Sep 2017 | Accepted: 13 Dec 2017 | Published: 22 Dec 2017
© 2017 Sarah Faulwetter, Nomiki Simboura, Nikolaos Katsiaras, Giorgos Chatzigeorgiou, Christos Arvanitidis
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Faulwetter S, Simboura N, Katsiaras N, Chatzigeorgiou G, Arvanitidis C (2017) Polychaetes of Greece: an updated and annotated checklist. Biodiversity Data Journal 5: e20997. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e20997
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The last annotated checklist of marine polychaetes in Greece was published in 2001. Since then, global taxonomic progress, combined with many new species records for Greece, required a thorough review of the taxonomic, nomenclatural and biogeographic status of the national species list. This checklist revises the status of all extant polychaete species reported from the Greek Exclusive Economic Zone since 1832. The work was undertaken as part of the efforts on compiling a national species inventory (Greek Taxon Information System initiative) in the framework of the LifeWatchGreece Research Infrastructure.
This checklist comprises an updated and annotated inventory of polychaete species in Greek waters, compiled from literature reports, online databases, museum collections and unpublished datasets. The list provides information on 836 species-level taxa from Greece, of which 142 are considered questionable. An additional 84 species reported in the past are currently considered absent from Greece; reasons for the exclusion of each species are given. Fourteen species are reported here for the first time from Greek waters. At least 52 species in the present list constitute in fact a complex of cryptic or pseudo-cryptic species. Forty-seven species are considered non-native to the area. In addition to the species-level taxa reported in this checklist, eleven genera have been recorded from Greece with no representatives identified to species level. One replacement name is introduced. For each species, a comprehensive bibliographic list of occurrence records in Greece and the synonyms used in these publications are provided as supplementary material. Where necessary, the taxonomic, nomenclatural or biogeographic status is discussed. Finally, the findings are discussed in the wider context of Mediterranean polychaete biogeography, taxonomic practice and worldwide research progress.
Eastern Mediterranean, Polychaeta, Annelida, inventory, biodiversity, new records, replacement name
The history of polychaete studies in Greece can be traced back to classical antiquity. Aristotle, although he tended to neglect polychaetes in his works on natural history (
The first polychaete checklists covering the Greek waters were those of
After 2001, marine research, including benthic surveys (carried out by the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) and several universities) was intensified. Many new species records – often not only new for Greece, but also for the Mediterranean Sea – resulting from these studies, as well as the worldwide progress of taxonomic knowledge, required a thorough review of the taxonomic, nomenclatural and biogeographic status of many polychaete species recorded from Greece.
The construction of the Greek Taxonomic Information System (
Several recent studies indicate the paraphyletic status of polychaetes (e.g.
This checklist includes all polychaete taxa reported from the waters of the Greek Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) (as delimited by the Marine Regions database, see also
Greece is located centrally in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and thus lies in one of the world's marine biodiversity hotspots (
Existing checklists on Greek polychaetes were combined, complemented, verified and annotated with information on species occurrences in Greece, using over 260 bibliographic and online resources, covering almost 200 years of research (1832–2017). A comprehensive list of all references from Greece for each species is contained in Suppl. material
The final checklist was submitted to the World Register of Marine Species and the Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure to replace the latest version by
The nomenclature used here follows the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) and the most recent taxonomic literature. Taxa are arranged alphabetically in hierarchical order (genera and species within families); suprafamiliar classifications are omitted. The inclusion of species follows a conservative approach: species with a questionable presence in Greek waters are included in the list and clearly indicated as such; we excluded only species that are either considered taxonomically indeterminable according to the most recent taxonomic works or where Greek records were shown to be misidentifications. These are presented separately at the end of the manuscript.
For each species, one or more of the following types of information may be provided:
1. Nomenclature
If no information is provided in the "Nomenclature" field: Species has only been recorded under its currently accepted name.
If information is provided in the "Nomenclature" field: Not a comprehensive list of synonyms (for this, the reader is advised to consult WoRMS), but all names under which the species has been reported from Greece (respective literature resources for each name in Suppl. material
2. Native Status
If no information is provided in the "Native status" field: Species is considered native to the Mediterranean.
If information is provided in the "Native status" field: Contains information on the native status of the species in Greece, following the terminology and definitions by
3. Notes
If no information is provided in the "Notes" field: Species has an uncontroversial taxonomic and biogeographic status and regular records from Greece and the Mediterranean exist. A full reference list of all reports from Greece for each species can be found in Suppl. material
If information is provided in the "Notes" field: May contain information on:
Distribution information:
Where statements are made on the occurrence (or absence) of the species in other areas of the Mediterranean, this information was derived from a combined assessment of:
Information on species distributions outside the Mediterranean are derived from a combined assessment of literature sources and distribution records in the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) (unless a specific source is cited). Distribution information is not intended to list all known distributions of the species but rather to provide an estimate of the species’ likelihood to occur in the Mediterranean.
Questionable species:
Species are indicated as "questionable" if one or more of the following criteria are met:
Species reported as "cf." in primary records are not indicated as questionable, as the modifier "cf." already implies uncertainties in the identification and often a possible deviation from the nominal species.
Species complexes:
Species known to constitute a complex of cryptic (morphologically indistinguishable but genetically different) or pseudo-cryptic (morphologically very similar) species are here treated as sensu lato, following
Many records of Eupanthalis kinbergi in the Mediterranean actually belong to Euarche tubifex Ehlers, 1887, including the description by
Questionable status. In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece (
Type locality: Mediterranean.
Type locality: Mediterranean (Croatia).
Flabelligella mediterranea Kolmer, 1985
Originally described from the Hellenic Trench (Matapan Deep;
Reported from Greece by
Questionable status. In the Mediterranean, only reported from Greece (
Type locality: Mediterranean (Adriatic).
Questionable status. Mediterranean records of Ampharete acutifrons in the Mediterranean are doubted by several authors (e.g.
Ampharete grubei had long been considered a junior synonym of Ampharete acutifrons (Grube, 1860) and was reinstated by
Sabellides octocirrata (M. Sars, 1835)
Reported from worldwide locations but probably restricted to circumpolar areas; specimens from other regions may belong to other species (
Questionable status. Few records from the Mediterranean outside Greece (e.g. Spain:
Originally described from the Hellenic Trench (Matapan Deep;
Chloeia viridis Schmarda, 1861
Reported from Greece by
Type locality: Mediterranean (Sicily).
Non-native (casual)
Species complex. Reported from Greece by
Amphinome savignyi Brullé, 1832 | Hermodice carunculata (Pallas, 1766)
The identity of the circumtropical species Hermodice carunculata has been the subject of several investigations during the last years.
Non-native (casual).
Reported from Greece by
Questionable status. The Greek records of Notopygos megalops probably belong to a different species. Notopygos megalops was originally described based on a juvenile specimen from the Caribbean Sea and used to be considered a synonym of Notopygos crinita (Grube, 1855) before it was re-described by
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Specimens of Aphrodita aculeata from the Adriatic and Aegean may have been confused with Aphrodita alta Kinberg, 1865 or Aphrodita perarmata Roule, 1898 (
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Reported from Greece by
Hermione hystrix (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) | Laetmonice hystrix (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818)
Type locality: Mediterranean.
Type locality: Mediterranean.
Abarenicola claparedi (Levinsen, 1884) | Arenicola claparedei Levinsen, 1884
Type locality: Mediterranean.
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Reported from Greece by
Myzostoma asteriae Marenzeller, 1895
Originally described from Greece as parasitic on the starfish species Sclerasterias richardi (Perrier in Milne-Edwards 1882) and Sclerasterias neglecta (Perrier, 1891) collected near Santorini, Kythira and Samos; no other records from Greece. Almost nothing is known of the species' distribution; the extensive description of its anatomy by
Capitella capitata (Fabricius, 1780) | Capitella capitata capitata (Fabricius, 1780)
Questionable status. Species complex. Several sibling species have been separated from Capitella capitata sensu lato worldwide since
Capitella giardi (Mesnil, 1897) | Capitellides giardi Mesnil, 1897
Capitella minima Langerhans, 1881 | Capitomastus minimus (Langerhans, 1881)
Reported from Greece by
Questionable status. Listed by
Type locality: Mediterranean.
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Naples).
Questionable status. In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece (
Frequently reported from Greece and other parts of the Mediterranean; type locality: Mediterranean (Port-Vendres, France).
Leiocapitella dollfusi (Fauvel, 1936) | Leiocapitella glabra Hartman, 1947
Non-native (casual)
Reported from Greece by
Questionable status. In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece (
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Naples).
Non-native (casual)
Reported from Greece by
Questionable status. In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece (
Non-native (casual)
In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece, by
Non-native (questionable)
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Non-native (established)
Natively distributed in East Africa and the Red Sea, first Mediterranean record from Greece (
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Naples).
Morphologically very similar to Notomastus profundus (Eisig, 1887), therefore some authors have suggested a possible synonymy between the two species (
Reported from Greece by
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Naples).
Originally described from specimens collected in Marseilles and the Greek islands of Crete and Santorini.
Type locality: Mediterranean (French Riviera).
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Lion).
Type locality: Mediterranean.
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Naples).
Reported from Greece by Pérès (1959). Type locality: Mediterranean (Adriatic).
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Naples).
Spiochaetopterus costarum (Claparède, 1869) | Telepsavus costarum Claparède 1869
Species complex. Spiochaetopterus costarum was long believed to be a cosmopolitan species but in fact the name has been applied to a number of pseudo-cryptic species (e.g.
Phyllochaetopterus solitarius Rioja, 1917| Spiochaetopterus solitarius (Rioja, 1917)
Reported from Greece by
Arichlidon reyssi (Katzmann, Laubier & Ramos, 1974) | Bhawania reyssi Katzmann, Laubier & Ramos, 1974
Type locality: Mediterranean (Adriatic).
Chrysopetalum debile (Grube, 1855) | Paleanotus debile (Grube, 1855)
Type locality: Mediterranean (Villfranche-sur-Mer, France).
Aphelochaeta filiformis (Keferstein, 1862) | Cirratulus filiformis Keferstein, 1862
Aphelochaeta marioni (Saint-Joseph, 1894) | Tharyx marioni (Saint-Joseph, 1894)
In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece (
Aphelochaeta multibranchis (Grube, 1863) | Tharyx multibranchis (Grube, 1863)
Type locality: Mediterranean.
Caulleriella alata (Southern, 1914) | Heterocirrus alatus (Southern, 1914)
Mediterranean records could also comprise specimens of the recently described Caulleriella mediterranea Lezzi, 2017 which differs from Caulleriella alata mainly in having a biannulate instead of triannulate prostomium (
Caulleriella bioculata (Keferstein, 1862) | Heterocirrus bioculatus (Keferstein, 1862)
Reported from Greece by
Caulleriella caputesocis (Saint-Joseph, 1894) | Chaetozone caputesocis (Saint-Joseph, 1894)
Chaetozone corona Berkeley & Berkeley, 1941
Non-native (established)
Reported from Greece by
Reported from Greece by
Questionable status. Species complex. Chaetozone setosa is a complex of pseudo-cryptic species, with at least five species in northern Europe alone (
Caulleriella zetlandica (McIntosh, 1911)
Species complex. Often considered cosmopolitan, but ecological, morphological and genetic differences have been found in specimens from different geographical locations (
Audouinia tentaculata (Montagu, 1808) | Cirriformia tentaculata (Montagu, 1808)
Non-native (established)
In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece (e.g.
Questionable status.
Reported from Greece by
Monticellina dorsobranchialis (Kirkegaard, 1959) | Tharyx dorsobranchialis (Kirkegaard, 1959)
A species reported from worldwide locations, partly caused by inaccurate descriptions in the past; therefore
Monticellina heterochaeta Laubier, 1961| Tharyx heterochaeta (Laubier, 1961)
Possibly underreported, as the species was considered a synonym of Kirkegaardia dorsobranchialis (Kirkegaard, 1959) by
Monticellina tesselata (Hartman, 1960)
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Cirratulus chrysoderma Claparède, 1868
Questionable status; species complex. Reported from Greece by
Caulleriella killariensis (Southern, 1914)| Heterocirrus killariensis (Southern, 1914) | Tharyx killariensis (Southern, 1914)
Cirriformia filigera (Delle Chiaje, 1828) | Timarete filigera (Delle Chiaje, 1828)
Species complex. Timarete filigera has been recorded from worldwide locations, but many of these records probably belong to different species. Specimens from West Atlantic localities identified as Timarete filigera were re-examined morphologically and genetically by
Non-native (casual)
Species complex. Timarete punctata, originally described from the Caribbean, constitutes a complex of cryptic species. Molecular analyses of specimens morphologically identified as Timarete punctata by
Non-native (questionable)
Questionable status.
Type locality: Mediterranean (Banyuls-sur-Mer, France)
Reported from Greece by
Dorvillea rubrovittata (Grube, 1855) | Schistomeringos rubrovittata (Grube, 1855) | Staurocephalus rubrovittatus Grube, 1855
Type locality: Mediterranean (Adriatic). Considered cosmopolitan. However,
Non-native (casual)
Reported from Greece by
Species complex. Reported from Greece by
Ophryotrocha puerilis Claparède & Mecznikow, 1869 | Ophryotrocha puerilis puerilis Claparède & Mecznikow, 1869
Species complex. Neotype from Genoa, Italy.
Schistomeringos caeca (Webster & Benedict, 1884)
Reported from Greece by
Type locality: Mediterranean (Águilas, Spain).
Protodorvillea atlantica (McIntosh, 1885) | Schistomeringos atlanticus (McIntosh, 1885)
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Non-native (established)
In the Mediterranean reported from Greece (
Protodorvillea kefersteini (McIntosh, 1869) | Schistomeringos kefersteini (McIntosh, 1869) | Staurocephalus kefersteini McIntosh, 1896
Dorvillea neglecta (Fauvel, 1932) | Schistomeringos neglecta (Fauvel, 1923)
Dorvillea rudolphi (Delle Chiaje, 1828) | Schistomeringos rudolphi (Delle Chiaje, 1828) | Staurocephalus rudolphi (Delle Chiaje, 1828)
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Naples).
One specimen from Greece in the collections of the Senckenberg Museum (SMF 15256,
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Questionable status.
Non-native (questionable)
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Reported from Greece by
Reported from Greece by
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Naples).
Eunice harassii Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833
Records of Leodice harassii could include specimens of Eunice rubrocincta Ehlers, 1868, a Mediterranean species which
Eunice torquata Quatrefages, 1866 | Leodice torquata (Quatrefages, 1866)
The species resembles Leodice laurillardi (Quatrefages, 1866) in a number of diagnostic characters. The latter was synonymised with Leodice torquata by
Non-native (questionable)
Questionable status. Frequently reported from Greece and other parts of the Mediterranean (
Species complex. Frequently reported from Greece. However,
Lysidice unicornis (Grube, 1840) | Nematonereis unicornis (Grube, 1840)
The genus Nematonereis Schmarda, 1860 was synonymised with Lysidice Lamarck, 1818 by
Cryptogenic
In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece (
Several Greek specimens reported by
Type locality: Mediterranean (Marseille).
Species complex. Considered cosmopolitan in the past, but Marphysa sanguinea actually comprises a complex of numerous pseudo-cryptic species (
Eunice siciliensis Grube, 1840 | Palola siciliensis (Grube, 1840)
Type locality: Mediterranean (Palermo, Sicily, Italy).
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Fabricia sabella (Ehrenberg, 1836) | Fabricia stellaris stellaris (O. F. Müller, 1774) |
Questionable status. In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece (
New record for Greece. Eleven specimens, Lesvos Island,
Reported from Greece by
Specimens of Fabricia filamentosa Day 1963 from Greece (
Originally described from Greece by
Brada villosa (Rathke, 1843)
Questionable status. Species complex.
Questionable status. One specimen from Greece in the collections of the Senckenberg Museum (SMF 11285,
Species complex. Consists of at least two different putative cryptic species in the Arctic Ocean (
Type locality: Mediterranean.
Pherusa plumosa (Müller, 1776) | Stylarioides plumosa (O.F. Müller, 1776)
Questionable status.
Pherusa eruca (Claparède, 1869) | Piromis eruca (Claparède, 1869) | Stylarioides eruca (Claparède, 1869)
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Naples)
Pherusa monilifera (Delle Chiaje, 1841)
Pherusa flabellata (M. Sars in G.O. Sars, 1872) | Therochaeta flabellata (M. Sars in G.O. Sars, 1872)
Questionable status.
Glycera alba (O.F. Müller, 1776) | Glycera minuta (Bobretzky, 1870)
Frequently reported from the Mediterranean (e.g.
Glycera gigantea Quatrefages, 1866
Type locality: Mediterranean (Croatia).
Glycera convoluta Keferstein, 1862 | Glycera tridactyla Schmarda, 1861
See notes under Glycera rouxii Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833.
Non-native (casual)
Reported from Greece by
Eone nordmanni Malmgren, 1866 | Glycinde nordmanni (Malmgren, 1866)
Type locality: Mediterranean (Nice, France).
Reported from Greece by
Reported from Greece by
In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece (
Reported from Greece by
Gyptis propinqua Marion & Bobretzky, 1875 | Oxydromus propinquus (Marion & Bobretzky, 1875)
Type locality: Mediterranean (France).
Hesione pantherina Risso, 1826 | Hesione splendida Savigny in Lamarck, 1818
Hesione species display a high colour variability and it is currently unknown whether these are colour morphs of the same species or belong to different species (
Species complex.
Hesiospina aurantiaca (M. Sars, 1862) | Hesiospina similis (Hessle, 1925)
Frequently reported from Greece, considered cosmopolitan (
Reported by
Synonymised by
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Reported from Greece by
Reported from Greece by
Reported from Greece by
New record for Greece. One specimen, Elafonisi, Crete,
Gyptis mediterranea Pleijel, 1993
Reported from Greece by
Questionable status.
Ophiodromus agilis (Ehlers, 1864)
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Ophiodromus flexuosus (Delle Chiaje, 1827)
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Naples).
Ophiodromus pallidus (Claparède, 1864) | Podarke pallida (Claparède, 1864)
Type locality: Mediterranean (Port-Vendres, France).
Gyptis capensis (Day, 1963) | Podarkeopsis capensis (Day, 1963)
May have been confused with Podarkeopsis galangaui Laubier 1961 or Podarkeopsis arenicolus (La Greca, 1946), both native to the area but not included in any keys for the region and therefore probably underreported (
Reported from Greece by
Kefersteinia cirrhata (Keferstein, 1862)
Magalia perarmata Marion & Bobretzky, 1874 | Syllidia armata Quatrefages, 1866
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Originally described from the Hellenic Trench (Matapan deep;
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Marseille).
Type locality: Mediterranean (Algiers Bay).
Reported from Greece by
Reported from Greece by
Reported from Greece by
Reported from Greece by
Reported from Greece by
Reported from Greece by
One specimen from Greece in the collections of the Senckenberg Museum (SMF 11264,
Reported from Greece by
Hilbigneris gracilis (Ehlers, 1868) | Lumbriconereis gracilis Ehlers, 1868 | Lumbrineris gracilis (Ehlers, 1868)
Type locality: Mediterranean (Adriatic).
Lumbricalus adriatica (Fauvel, 1940) | Lumbrineris adriatica (Fauvel, 1940)
Type locality: Mediterranean (Adriatic).
Lumbrineris acuta Verrill, 1875 | Lumbrinerides acuta (Verrill, 1875)
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
In the Mediterranean known from Greece, Turkey (
New record for Greece. Two specimens, Pachia Ammos, Crete,
In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece (
Non-native (casual)
New record for Greece. One specimen, Elafonisi, Crete,
Lumbriconereis paradoxa Saint-Joseph, 1888 | Lumbrineriopsis paradoxa (Saint-Joseph, 1888) | Lumbrineris paradoxa Saint-Joseph, 1888
Lumbriconereis coccinea (Renier, 1804)| Lumbrineris coccinea (Renier, 1804)
Type locality: Mediterranean.
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Lumbriconereis latreilli Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1834 | Lumbrineris latreilli Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1834
Frequently reported from Greece, however, mainly on the basis of external and unreliable diagnostic characters. Species descriptions focusing on the maxillary apparatus and other unambiguous and size-independent characters have recently become available (
New record for Greece. Specimens previously reported as as Lumbrineris cingulata Ehlers, 1897 by
Type locality: Mediterranean (Baie de Rosas, Spain). Lumbrineris nonatoi has several diagnostic characters in common with the – later described – Gallardoneris iberica Martins, Carrera-Parra, Quintino & Rodrigues, 2012. Due to this confusion,
Ninoe kinbergi Ehlers, 1887 | Ninoe nigripes Verrill, 1873
Questionable status. Reported from Greece as Ninoe kinbergi by
Lumbrineris emandibulata Pillai, 1961
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Lumbrineris emandibulata mabiti Ramos, 1976
Type locality: Mediterranean (Catalan Coast).
Lumbriconereis fragilis (O.F. Müller, 1776) | Lumbrineris fragilis (O.F. Müller, 1776) | Scoletoma fragilis (O.F. Müller, 1776)
Species complex. Frequently reported from Greece and other parts of the Mediterranean (
Lumbriconereis funchalensis Kinberg, 1865 | Lumbrineris funchalensis (Kinberg, 1865) | Scoletoma funchalensis (Kinberg, 1865)
In the Mediterranean also known from the western and central basins (
Lumbriconereis impatiens (Claparède, 1868) | Lumbrineris impatiens Claparède, 1868 | Scoletoma impatiens (Claparède, 1868)
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Naples).
Lumbrineris rovignensis Fauvel, 1940 | Scoletoma rovignensis (Fauvel, 1940)
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Lumbrineris tetraura (Schmarda, 1861) | Scoletoma tetraura (Schmarda, 1861)
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Reported from Greece by
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Type locality: Mediterranean (Villefranche-sur-Mer, France).
Probably an underreported species, since older records of Magelona papillicornis F. Müller, 1858 may belong to Magelona mirabilis (
Questionable status. Until 1977, all European magelonids with mucronate chaetae on chaetiger 9 were assigned to Magelona papillicornis, originally described from Brazil. However,
One specimen from Greece in the collections of the Senckenberg Museum (SMF 11286,
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Naples).
Questionable status. Species complex. In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece (
Asychis biceps (M. Sars, 1861) | Chirimia biceps (M. Sars, 1861) | Chirimia biceps biceps (Sars, 1861)
In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece (
Clymene collaris (Claparède, 1869) | Euclymene collaris (Claparède, 1869)
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Naples).
Clymene lombricoides Quatrefages, 1866 | Euclymene lombricoides (Quatrefages, 1866)
Clymene oerstedii Claparède, 1863 | Euclymene oerstedii (Claparède, 1863)
Clymene palermitana Grube, 1840 | Euclymene palermitana (Grube, 1840) | Praxillella palermitana (Grube, 1840)
Type locality: Mediterranean (Palermo, Sicily, Italy).
Clymene robusta (Arwidsson, 1906) | Euclymene robusta (Arwidsson, 1906) | Heteroclymene robusta Arwidsson, 1906
Reported from Greece by
Clymenura clypeata (Saint-Joseph, 1894) | Leiochone clypeata Saint-Joseph, 1894 | Leiochone leiopygos (Grube, 1860)
Clymene santandarensis Rioja, 1917 | Euclymene santandarensis (Rioja, 1917) | Macroclymene santandarensis (Rioja, 1917)
Asychis capensis Day, 1961 | Maldane capensis (Day, 1961)
Questionable status. In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece (
Questionable status. In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece (
Asychis gotoi (Izuka, 1902) | Metasychis gotoi (Izuka, 1902)
Non-native (established)
Originally distributed in the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and the North Pacific; commonly reported from locations throughout the Mediterranean (
Reported from Greece by
Questionable status. Frequently reported from Greece and other Eastern Mediterranean locations; however,
Questionable status. In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece (e.g.
Reported from Greece by
Clymene affinis M. Sars in G.O. Sars, 1872 | Praxillella affinis (M. Sars in G.O. Sars, 1872)
Clymene gracilis Sars, 1861| Praxillella gracilis (M. Sars, 1861)
Clymene lophosetosa Orlandi, 1898 | Praxillella lophoseta (Orlandi, 1898)
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Naples).
Species complex. At least three putative cryptic species exist, one each in the Arctic and West Atlantic (
Questionable status. In the Mediterranean only reported from Greece (
Reported from Greece by
Aglaophamus rubella (Michaelsen, 1897) | Nephthys agilis Langerhans, 1880 | Nephthys rubella Michaelsen, 1897
Aglaophamus malmgreni (Théel, 1879) | Nephthys malmgreni Théel, 1879
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Nephtys pulchra Rainer, 1991
Reported from Greece by
Aglaophamus inermis (Ehlers, 1887) | Inermonephtys inermis (Ehlers, 1887)| Nephtys inermis Ehlers, 1887
Questionable status.
Micronephthys sphaerocirrata (Wesenberg-Lund, 1949)| Nephthys sphaerocirrata Wesenberg-Lund, 1949
Micronephthys maryae San Martín, 1982| Micronephthys stammeri (Augener, 1932)
Type locality: Mediterranean (Micronephthys maryae: Ibiza, Micronephthys stammeri: Adriatic).
Rarely reported from the Mediterranean, but was considered a synonym of Nephtys hombergii Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 until its resurrection and redescription by
Questionable status. Reported from Greece by
Type locality: Mediterranean (Gulf of Naples).
The description of Nephtys hystricis by
See notes under Nephtys hystricis McIntosh, 1900.
Neanthes succinea (Leuckart, 1847) | Nereis succinea Leuckart, 1847