Given the high number of recent records (Dankittipakul and Singtripop 2010), it was possible to perform species distribution modelling (see methods for details).

This species has been recorded from multiple localities in northern Thailand. The species distribution model predicts this species could also be present in northwestern Laos and eastern Myanmar.

As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, we infer the trend to be stable.

As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, we infer the trend to be stable.

No known threats to the species.

As it is a relatively widespread species, we infer the trend to be stable.

No population size estimates exist.

As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, we infer the trend to be stable.

This species has been observed in deciduous dipterocarp forests. Observations have also been made around human infrastructures and from siamese tulip fields (Dankittipakul and Singtripop 2010).

This species seems not to be restricted to any particular habitat type and to be tolerant to human disturbance.

Both females and males of this species were collected by Malaise traps. This suggest they are free-living ground-dwellers hunting actively (Dankittipakul and Singtripop 2010). Scytodids, spitting spiders, in general are cursorial and nocturnal hunters that have specialised prey catching techniques. These spiders are also the only ones that are known to have prosomal glands that secrete not only venom but also silk. Scytodids are able to squirt a mixture of venom and gluey silk towards its prey which then gets stuck in the substrate, the venom causing a paralysis. The female lays eggs in a silken retreat and the eggs are carried in the chelicerae and pulled together with a couple of silk threads (Dippenaar-Schoeman and Jocqué 1997).

No known threats to the species.

There are several protected areas inside the range of this species (United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre 2017).

Given the reasonable number of records (Brescovit and Rheims 2001, Valerio 1981), it was possible to perform species distribution modelling (see methods for details).

This species has been recorded from four localities in Costa Rica. In 2001, it was reported from San Jose (Brescovit and Rheims 2001) and in 1980s from La Gloria, Guanacaste Province and Tilaran (Valerio 1981). The species distribution model predicts this species could also be present in Panama.

No population size estimates exist.

This species is known to live in lowland tropical forest (Valerio 1981) but the SDMs indicate it might be able to occupy higher altitudes.

Scytodids, spitting spiders, in general are cursorial and nocturnal hunters that have specialised prey catching techniques. These spiders are also the only ones that are known to have prosomal glands that secrete not only venom but also silk. Scytodids are able to squirt a mixture of venom and gluey silk towards its prey which then gets stuck in the substrate, the venom causing paralysis. Females lay eggs in a silken retreat and the eggs are carried in the chelicerae and pulled together with a couple of silk threads (Dippenaar-Schoeman and Jocqué 1997). Scytodes females may tolerate the presence of their offspring for some time after hatching (Nentwig 1985).

There has been a forest loss of 199,007 ha in Costa Rica between the years 2001 and 2016 (Global Forest Watch 2014). In southern Costa Rica in particular, almost three quarters of its forested habitat has been lost. Regeneration has offset the deforestation to some point, however, the continued fragmentation of forests and increasing edge habitats can finally lead to a decline in habitat quality and therefore in population size (Zahawi et al. 2015). However, we do not know for certain whether this species is dependent on these forests and what are the effects to its survival in case the decline continues.

There are several protected areas within the range of this species, for example La Amistad National Park (United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre 2017).

Given the relatively high number of records (Muma 1953, Crews 2011), it was possible to perform species distribution modelling (see methods for details).

This species has been recorded from Jamaica only, first prior to 1935 (Muma 1953) and then several records in 2006 (Crews 2011). This species is endemic to Jamaica, although it has been transported on bananas to New York (Crews 2011).

As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, able to live in different habitat types, we infer the trend to be stable.

As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, able to live in different habitat types, we infer the trend to be stable.

No known threats to the species.

As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, able to live in different habitat types, we infer the trend to be stable.

No population size estimates exist.

As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, able to live in different habitat types, we infer the trend to be stable.

This species has been reported from dry coastal limestone forests, inland dry forests and banana plantations from sea level to 500 m altitude (Crews 2011).

This is a ground-dwelling species hiding in crevices, found in different forest types and plantations and assumed not to be affected by forest loss.

Selenopids, commonly known as flatties or wall spiders, are wandering spiders living free and usually found on walls or under rocks. Due to their flat habitus, they can hide inside narrow crevices. When disturbed these spiders flee moving sideways to hide. Egg sacs of this species are single and flat, paper-like and they are attached under bark where the female guards them (Dippenaar-Schoeman and Jocqué 1997, Crews 2011). This species seems to do quite well in transformed landscapes and has been collected on Eucalyptus and banana plantations (Crews 2011).

No known threats to the species.

There is at least one protected area, Portland Bight, within the range of this species (United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre 2017).

Unknown EOO or AOO.

A single specimen is known from the type locality in Yercaud, India, recorded prior to 1931 (Gravely 1931).

Population size and trend are unknown.

Yercaud belongs to the ecoregion of tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests (Olson et al. 2001). Otherwise, with only one over 80 years old record, the preferred habitat remains unknown.

Selenopids, commonly known as flatties or wall spiders, are wandering spiders usually found on walls or under rocks. Due to their flat habitus, they can hide inside narrow crevices. When disturbed, these spiders flee moving sideways to hide. Egg sacs of congeners are single and flat, paper-like and they are attached under bark where the female guards them (Dippenaar-Schoeman and Jocqué 1997, Crews 2011).

No known threats.

Given the relatively high number of records (Gertsch and Mulaik 1940, Gertsch 1958, Gertsch and Ennik 1983, GBIF.org 2018b), it was possible to perform species distribution modelling (see methods for details).

This species is present near the Gulf of Mexico on Mexico and Texas, USA (Gertsch and Mulaik 1940, Gertsch 1958, Gertsch and Ennik 1983, GBIF.org 2018b).

As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, able to live in different habitat types, we infer the trend to be stable.

As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, able to live in different habitat types, we infer the trend to be stable.

No known threats to the species.

As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, able to live in different habitat types, we infer the trend to be stable.

No population size estimates exist.

As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, able to live in different habitat types, we infer the trend to be stable.

This species thrives in arid, desert-like habitats in Texas and Mexico (Gertsch 1958, Gertsch and Ennik 1983, GBIF.org 2018b) commonly living under rocks, in caves, shrubland, sand dunes and occasionally in artificial habitats such as palm groves and road cuts (Gertsch and Mulaik 1940, Gertsch 1958, Gertsch and Ennik 1983, GBIF.org 2018b).

It preferred habitat, desert-like arid, is increasing in extent (United States Department of Agriculture 2003).

The spiders of the genus Loxosceles are nocturnal ground-dwelling hunters that live under stones and other ground objects. Loxoscelids build a retreat with irregular webs. The webs of these species have been described as white, adhesive and flocculent. Many species in this genus have been reported to have strong venom since the haematoxins in the venom of Loxosceles destroys the cells of the skin after biting often resulting in necrosis (Gertsch 1958).

No known threats.

Many different nature reserves, wilderness areas, national parks and other protected lands fall within this species range (United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre 2017).

Unknown EOO or AOO.

This species is known only from the type locality in Jiangxi, China, recorded in 1989 (Li 1991).

No population size estimates exist.

The type locality falls in the region of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest (Olson et al. 2001). Otherwise the preferred habitat of this species remains unknown.

Heteropodids are nocturnal, wandering spiders which do not build webs but a retreat from silk (Song et al. 1999).

Unknown threats.

Given the relatively high number of records (Hirst 1992), it was possible to perform species distribution modelling (see methods for details).

This species is known from New South Wales and Victoria in Australia and the latest known record date was in 1988 (Hirst 1992).

There is decline in habitat quality with consequent inferred decline in EOO as there has been reported decline in the rainfall and increase in the daily maximum temperature within the species range (Murphy and Timbal 2008).

There is decline in habitat quality with consequent inferred decline in AOO as there has been reported decline in the rainfall and increase in the daily maximum temperature within the species range (Murphy and Timbal 2008).

There is decline in habitat quality with consequent inferred decline in number of locations as there has been reported decline in the rainfall and increase in the daily maximum temperature within the species range (Murphy and Timbal 2008).

Inferred from decline in AOO and habitat quality.

No population size estimates exist.

There is decline in habitat quality with consequent inferred decline in number of subpopulations as there has been reported decline in the rainfall and increase in the daily maximum temperature within the species range (Murphy and Timbal 2008).

Isopeda seems to be present only in areas with rainfall above 500 mm. One of the records was reported from Hardings swamp (Hirst 1992).

There is decline in habitat quality as there has been reported decline in the rainfall and increase in the daily maximum temperature (Murphy and Timbal 2008).

Males of I. echuca have been observed from August to June, although it has been suggested both males and females may be present throughout the year and the existing gaps may be due to insufficient sampling and inactivity of the spiders (Hirst 1992). Spiders of the family Sparassidae in general are nocturnal and wandering hunters living on the soil surface or on plants (Jocqué and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006).

Since this species seems to prefer moist habitats, the ongoing climate change is affecting the habitat quality as there has been reported decline in the rainfall and daily maximum temperatures are rising (Murphy and Timbal 2008).

At least part of the range of this species is inside protected areas, namely Barmah National Park and Heathcote-Graytown National Park (United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre 2017). Given the effects of the ongoing climate change, it would be essential to manage the sites where this species is known to occur.

Unknown EOO or AOO.

This species is known from only two localities, Doi Suthep and Doi Pui in Thailand, both recorded in 1986 (Jäger 2001).

No population size estimates exist.

There is no recorded habitat data for this species. The localities fall somewhere between tropical and subtropical moist broadeaf forest and tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest areas (Olson et al. 2001).

Spiders of the family Sparassidae, in general, are nocturnal and wandering spiders live on the soil surface or on plants. They are sometimes also found in caves (Jocqué and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006).

Unknown threats.

There are only few records for this species, however, they seem to be within protected areas or, at least, near protected areas in Thailand, e.g. Salawin Wildlife Sancturary (United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre 2017).

Unknown EOO or AOO.

Known only from the type locality in Luang Prabang Province, Laos, recorded in 2012 (Jäger 2012).

A single specimen was found in a limestone cave (Jäger 2012) and we assume the species to be exclusive to this habitat type.

This is a pale-coloured species whose single specimen was found from a cave in limestone (Jäger 2012).

Unknown threats.

Unknown EOO or AOO.

This species is known from only two localities in western Hainan, China, both recorded in 2005 (Tong 2013, Tong and Li 2008).

No population size estimates exist.

This species was found only from caves (Tong 2013, Tong and Li 2008) and we assume it to be exclusive to this habitat type.

Members of the family Tetrablemmidae are small to tiny spiders known as “armored spiders” due to their heavily scleritised bodies. These three-clawed, ecribellate, haplogyne spiders are covered with a hardened shell or abdominal scutae (ventral, dorsal and lateral) hinged with softer material allowing expansion between the plates in a bellows-like way (Lehtinen 1981; Labarque and Grismado 2009; Whyte and Anderson 2017). They are typically found in tropical and semitropical habitats, although a species of Shearella has been found living in dry coastal habitats (Lehtinen 1981). Very little is known about their behaviour although Burger et al. (2006) recorded the first observation of tetrablemmid spiders mating in Thailand and the web and egg-sac construction of Brignoliella vulgaris have been observed (Lehtinen 1981). Tetrablemmid spiders have been collected from moss and leaf litter; under stones, bark or logs; in soil samples including hanging soils such as in orchids and epiphytes as well as in dark caves (Tong and Li 2008). Some cave and soil dwelling species have reduced number of eyes such as in the genus Tetrablemma which have only four (Whyte and Anderson 2017). The cave dwelling species Tetrablemma brevidens is part of the first report of tetrablemmid spiders recorded from China found on Hainan Island by Tong and Li (2008).

Unknown threats.

At least one locality seems to be partly within Jiaxi Nature Reserve (United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre 2017).

Unknown EOO or AOO.

Known only from the type locality in Tarma, Peru, recorded once prior to 1881 (Keyserling 1881).

No population size estimates exist.

The preferred habitat of this species is unknown, although congeners tend to live at high altitudes (Andes and paramos; both areas need more exploration and collection of specimens) (Levi 1986). The habitats around Tarma are dry montane grasslands and shrublands, deserts and xeric shrublands (Olson et al. 2001).

Spiders of the family Tetragnathidae are orb-weavers building a web with often only few radii and spirals (Álvarez-Padilla 2007). Some species build their webs horizontally above water (Jocqué and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006) and commonly they have been observed to build their webs near water sources, along river marigins for instance. Spiders of this family are usually found in the centre of the web or in the vegetation near the web where they tend to hide.

Unknown threats.

Given the reasonable number of records (Pickard-Cambridge 1894, Dimitrov and Hormiga 2009a, GBIF.org 2018a), it was possible to perform species distribution modelling (see methods for details).

This species is present in Costa Rica and Panama. According to Dimitrov and Hormiga (2009a), the genus Cyrtognatha is widespread in South America, Central America and the southern parts of North America, although the majority of the species are known from single localities. The latest known record is from 1995, from La Amistad International Park in Panama (Dimitrov and Hormiga 2009a). Since there are only few data from a limited number of localities on this species, its range might be relatively narrow as predicted by the models (Dimitar Dimitrov pers. comm.).

Population size and trend are unknown.

This species seems to prefer tropical cloud and lowland rainforests (Dimitrov and Hormiga 2009a).

Cyrtognatha species build horizontal or, in some cases, also vertical orb webs. There are usually only few radii and spiral turns in the web and also an open hub where the spider often sits. They flee from their web if disturbed and then hide in the vegetation (Dimitrov and Hormiga 2009b).

The major potential threat to this species could be habitat destruction such as deforestation and aridification due to climate change (Dimitar Dimitrov pers. comm.).

At least part of the range of this species is inside protected areas since it has been recorded from Volcan Chiriqui inside Volcan Baru National Park (Pickard-Cambridge 1894) and La Amistad International Park (Dimitrov and Hormiga 2009a) which covers an area of 570,045 ha (UNESCO 2017). However, it is not known if the species is effectively protected since there are no follow-up collections or monitoring (Dimitar Dimitrov pers. comm.).

EOO and AOO are unknown.

Known only from the type locality in Barberton, Transvaal, South Africa, recorded once in 1897 (Purcell 1903).

Population size and trend are unknown.

There is no recorded habitat data available. The type locality falls into the ecoregion of tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannahs and shrublands (Olson et al. 2001).

Spiders of the family Theraphosidae are free-living, ground-dwelling spiders. They build a burrow lined with silk or hide in a retreat under a rock (Jocqué and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006). Theraphosid males do not moult when they reach maturity and they also have a shorter lifespan compared to females (Costa and Pérez-Miles 2002). Burrows often have their own two chambers: one is for the spider to moult and the other to eat and rest (Locht et al. 1999).

Unknown threats.

Unknown EOO and AOO.

This species has been recorded only once from unspecified locality in Mexico prior to 1999 (Vol 1999). Although the geographical origin of this species is not mentioned in the bibliography, this genus has been broadly trafficked for the pet trade from Mexico into Europe and Northern America (the type specimen itself was reared in captivity). Only known to the scientific world from a single female moult, this monogeneric genus appears to hold several undescribed species, which have not yet been scientifically analysed and whose range cannot be mapped. It is therefore impossible at this stage in our knowledge to assess the distribution range of this particular species, although the fact that it has not been scientifically analysed but appears in the pet trade might indicate it does not inhabit remote localities but is rather highly localised. It is possibly threatened with deforestation and illegal trade.

Population size and trend are unknown.

There is a variety of tropical and subtropical forest types in Mexico along with deserts and xeric shrublands (Olson et al. 2001). Since the type locality is unspecified, the suitable habitat preferred by this species cannot be inferred.

Spiders of the family Theraphosidae are free-living, ground-dwelling spiders. They build a burrow lined with silk or hide in a retreat under a rock (Jocqué and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006). Theraphosid males do not moult when they reach maturity and they also have shorter lifespans compared to females (Costa and Pérez-Miles 2002). The burrow might have two chambers: one is for the spider to moult and the other to eat and rest (Locht et al. 1999).

This genus has been broadly trafficked for the pet trade from Mexico into Europe and Northern America and therefore collection as a pet may be a threat to this particular species as well.

It would be essential to raise awareness and communication of the consequences of trade on exotic animals captured from the wild.

This species is on the pet trade at an international level.

Unknown EOO or AOO.

This species was collected from the pet trade, confirmed from an unspecified locality in Vietnam with no date (Schmidt 2005).

No population size estimates exist.

Since the type locality is unspecified, the preferred habitat for this species cannot be inferred.

Spiders of the family Theraphosidae are free-living, ground-dwelling spiders. They build a burrow lined with silk or hide in a retreat under a rock (Jocqué and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006). Theraphosid males do not moult when they reach maturity and they also have a shorter lifespan compared to females (Costa and Pérez-Miles 2002).

Collection of individuals from the wild to feed the pet market may be a threat to this species.

It would be essential to raise awareness and communication of the consequences of the pet trade on exotic animals.

Only three records (Ferretti and Barneche 2012) make it impossible to assess the true distribution of the species.

This species is known only from Chaco province, Argentina, found and recorded in 2012 (Ferretti and Barneche 2012).

E. larae is capable of inhabiting even modified areas with human disturbance (Ferretti and Barneche 2012) which may suggest the EOO of this species is probably not experiencing any decline. Yet, this is very uncertain.

E. larae is capable of inhabiting even modified areas with human disturbance (Ferretti and Barneche 2012) which may suggest the AOO of this species is probably not experiencing any decline. Yet, this is very uncertain.

No population size estimates exist.

Specimens were found in the area between humid and dry Chaco in flat grasslands surrounded by forest. This species was also abundant in golf courses along with other artificial and disturbed habitats (Ferretti and Barneche 2012).

This species tolerance to human disturbance can be advantageous to its survival.

Spiders of the family Theraphosidae are free-living, ground-dwelling spiders. They build a burrow lined with silk or hide in a retreat under a rock (Jocqué and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006). Theraphosid males do not moult when they reach maturity and they also have a shorter lifespan compared to females (Costa and Pérez-Miles 2002). E. larae is active at night and come outside their burrow to wait for a prey. Burrows can be deep and temperature inside it can be almost 10ºC cooler compared to the outside temperature. The population density can be high with many specimens within a few square metres (Ferretti and Barneche 2012).

No known threats.

Unknown EOO or AOO

This species has been recorded only once from an unconfirmed type locality prior to 1917 (Chamberlin 1917). The description paper sets the type locality as Tortugas in Florida and therefore the type locality here is considered as Dry Tortugas National Park. However, Rudloff (2008) suggested this locality would be more likely Tortuga Island in Hispaniola (Cuba). Hence, the known distribution of this species remains unconfirmed.

No population size estimates exist.

Since the type locality is unspecified, the preferred habitat by this species cannot be inferred.

Spiders of the family Theraphosidae are free-living, ground-dwelling spiders. They build a burrow lined with silk or hide in a retreat under a rock (Jocqué and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006). Theraphosid males do not moult when they reach maturity and they also have a shorter lifespan compared to females (Costa and Pérez-Miles 2002).

Unknown threats.

Unknown EOO or AOO.

Known only from two localities, from Soriano in Uruguay, recorded prior to 1901 (Pocock 1901) and from Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, recorded prior to 1923 (Mello-Leitão 1923).

Population size and trend are unknown.

Unknown preferred habitat.

Spiders of the family Theraphosidae are free-living, ground-dwelling spiders. They build a burrow lined with silk or hide in a retreat under a rock (Jocqué and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006). Theraphosid males do not moult when they reach maturity and they also have a shorter lifespan compared to females. Plesiopelma species line their burrows with silk. One species from the same genus, Plesiopelma longisternale, was captured by pitfall traps in Uruguay (particularly in Sierra de las Animas, Maldonado and Quebrada de los Cuervos, Treinta y Tres) (Costa and Pérez-Miles 2002). Ferretti et al. (2012) observed that both females and juveniles of Plesiopelma longisternale were absent during a same seasonal period and were found from pitfall traps. Males have been collected at least from April to December. Females were found carrying egg-sacs during December and January in the field and the sacs were reported to contain over 100 eggs. P. longisternale females were reported to live over 4 years in the laboratory and moulted every 1.5 years, usually in spring (Costa and Pérez-Miles 2002).

Unknown threats.

Given the relatively high number of records (Pocock 1895, Samarawckrama et al. 2005, Benjamin et al. 2012, Gabriel 2013), it was possible to perform species distribution modelling (see methods for details).

This species is endemic to Sri Lanka and restricted to its central parts, last recorded in the wild in the 1990s but many pet records are from 2000s (Pocock 1895, Samarawckrama et al. 2005, Benjamin et al. 2012, Gabriel 2013).

Large and expanding human settlements surround the existing habitat of the species.

Large and expanding human settlements surround the existing habitat of the species.

Based on predicted forest loss in the area (Global Forest Watch 2014).

Inferred from the loss of AOO and habitat quality. Possible decrease of population size due to the pet trade is also a strong possibility.

Population size is unknown but inferred to be declining due to habitat loss and capture from nature due to pet trade.

Large and expanding human settlements surround the existing habitat of the species.

Species in this genus prefer very specific microhabitats, mainly tree holes and on the bark of trees and are found in remnant forests surrounded by extensive human settlements in Sri Lanka.

Large and expanding human settlements surround the existing habitat of the species (Global Forest Watch 2014).

Species of Poecilotheria are tree-dwellers, where they spin small webs in the bifurcations of branches. Given their large size, they might feed on small vertebrates besides the regular large invertebrate diet.

Habitat transformation and the pet trade form the main threats to this species.

At least part of the species estimated range is within protected areas, namely Knuckles and Pedro Forest/Pidurutalagala Conservation Forest and Agra bopats P.R State Forest in Sri Lanka (United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre 2017). Large and expanding human settlements cause a threat to this species and they are in need of additional protection. More awareness on the side effects of the pet trade, namely increasing pressure over wild populations, needs to be made.

Traded at the international level.

Given the relatively high number of records (Levi 1953, Paquin et al. 2008), it was possible to perform species distribution modelling (see methods for details).

This species was found in many localities from the south-eastern United States (Levi 1953) to Quebec, Canada (Paquin et al. 2008). It appears the species is widespread and occurs in a number of different climatic regions.

Although no monitoring was conducted, given the wide range and no known threats, we infer the trend to be stable.

Although no monitoring was conducted, given the wide range and no known threats, we infer the trend to be stable.

No known threats to the species.

Although no monitoring was conducted, given the wide range and no known threats, we infer the trend to be stable.

No population size estimates exist.

Although no monitoring was conducted, given the wide range and no known threats, we infer the trend to be stable.

Paquin et al. (2008) report this species from mixed forest in Quebec, Canada. Individuals were collected in pan traps and from beating. Several older records from the southeast lack habitat information, except one record from Maryland, USA from "old bird nest" (Levi 1953).

Given the wide range, it is doubtful that the species occupies a specific habitat, but the exact habitat requirements are unknown.

Ecology of this particular species is largely unknown. Contrary to most theridiids, Dipoena do not build webs and feed almost exclusively on ants at ground level, on low bushes or on the bark of trees.

No known threats to the species

At least part of the species range is inside protected areas, namely Parc National de la Yamaska in Quebec, Canada (Paquin et al. 2008) and several other conservation areas and National Parks within the USA (United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre 2017).

Given the relatively high number of records (Blackwall 1870, Simon 1881, Chyzer and Kulczyński 1894, Brignoli 1967, Brignoli 1976, Levy and Amitai 1981, Vanuytven et al. 1994, Naumova 2009, Wunderlich 2011, Elverici 2012, Helsdingen and Ijland 2015, Dimassi et al. 2016), it was possible to perform species distribution modelling (see methods for details).

This species should be widely distributed across the Mediterranean and further north (Blackwall 1870, Simon 1881, Chyzer and Kulczyński 1894, Brignoli 1967, Brignoli 1976, Levy and Amitai 1981, Vanuytven et al. 1994, Naumova 2009, Wunderlich 2011, Elverici 2012, Helsdingen and Ijland 2015, Dimassi et al. 2016).

As it is a widespread species with no specific habitat requirements or known threats, we assume the trend to be stable.

As it is a widespread species with no specific habitat requirements or known threats, we assume the trend to be stable.

No known threats to the species.

As it is a widespread species with no specific habitat requirements or known threats, we assume the trend to be stable.

No population size estimates exist.

As it is a widespread species with no specific habitat requirements or known threats, we assume the trend to be stable.

L. convexa prefers dry habitats and lives on bushes and under stones (Le Peru 2011); specimens were found from shrublands, rocky and grazed areas with Juniper trees (Juniperus oxycedrus and J. phoenica) (IJland et al. 2012). It also occurs in coniferous forests and has been collected from slopes with stony debris (Helsdingen and Ijland 2015).

Dry and xerix habitats are in fact increasing and therefore the habitat trend for this species can be inferred to be at least stable.

Ecology of this particular species is largely unknown. Contrary to most theridiids, Lasaeola do not build webs and feed almost exclusively on ants at ground level, on low bushes or on the bark of trees. Females occur from January to June and also in November, while males are seen in spring and in October (Le Peru 2011).

No known threats to the species.

There are several protected areas inside the range of this species (United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre 2017).

Given the relatively high number of records (Saaristo 2006), it was possible to perform species distribution modelling (see methods for details).

This species is endemic to the Seychelles island of Silhouette, all records are from 1990s (Saaristo 2006).

The habitat has been deteriorating due to the effects of invasive plant species, yet we do not know if this affects the species.

The habitat has been deteriorating due to the effects of invasive plant species, yet we do not know if this affects the species.

No estimates exist.

This species was found only in Pisonia forest and spins its webs in vegetation (Saaristo 2006).

Although the habitat has been deteriorating due to the effects of invasive plant species, Sesato setosa appears to dwell in areas around the local village, hence it is unknown if the species is being affected.

This species spins its web in the vegetation (Saaristo 2006). Otherwise, the ecology of this particular species is largely unknown. Theridiids in general build space webs which are irregular in shape; threads are often configured in different directions (Jocqué and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006). These threads tend to break easily when capturing prey. These glue-bearing threads make it difficult for prey to flee and easy for a spider to capture them.

This species habitat is threatened due to the effects of invasive plants, especially Cinnamomum verum. Yet, we do not know if it affects the spider.

This species is found in the Silhouette National Park, yet the park is not currently managed. Invasive species were managed on Silhouette until 2010 but any actions have been abandoned since. If the spider is in any way affected by invasive plant species, it may be essential to its survival to take consider invasive species management as a possible action.

Very few records in Israel (Levy and Amitai 1982, Levy 1998) do not allow knowing the true range of the species.

This species has been recorded for the Negev, a desertic and semidesertic region of southern Israel, recorded in 1973 (Levy and Amitai 1982).

No population size estimates exist.

This species is found in arid desertic and semidesertic areas of the Negev, southern Israel. (Levy and Amitai 1982).

We do not know of any threats to the habitat.

Ecology of this particular species is largely unknown. Theridiids in general build space webs which are irregular in shape; threads are often configured in different directions (Jocqué and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006). These threads tend to break easily when capturing prey. These glue-bearing threads make it difficult for prey to flee and easy for a spider to capture them.

Unknown threats.

Unknown EOO or AOO.

This species is known only from the type locality in Myanmar, prior to 1898 (Thorell 1898).

No population size estimates exist.

Myanmar belongs to the ecoregion of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (Olson et al. 2001). Otherwise the habitat requirements of this particular species remain unknown.

Ecology of this particular species is largely unknown. Theridiids in general build space webs which are irregular in shape; threads are often configured in different directions (Jocqué and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006). These threads tend to break easily when capturing prey. These glue-bearing threads make it difficult for prey to flee and easy for a spider to capture them.

Unknown threats.

Given the relatively high number of records (Zhu and Song 1992, Song and Li 1997, Song et al. 1999, Yoshida et al. 2000, Yin et al. 2012), it was possible to perform species distribution modelling (see methods for details).

Recorded from several sites in China between the 1980s and 1990s (Zhu and Song 1992, Song and Li 1997, Song et al. 1999, Yoshida et al. 2000, Yin et al. 2012). The last known record is from Orchid Island, Taiwan (Yoshida et al. 2000). This species is predicted to also occur in Myanmar.

As it is a widespread species with no specific habitat requirements or known threats, we assume the trend to be stable.

As it is a widespread species with no specific habitat requirements or known threats, we assume the trend to be stable.

No known threats to the species.

As it is a widespread species with no specific habitat requirements or known threats, we assume the trend to be stable.

No population size estimates exist. This species is widespread in South East Asia.

As it is a widespread species with no specific habitat requirements or known threats we assume the trend to be stable.

The predicted range of this species covers the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests and temperate and mixed forests (Olson et al. 2001). Otherwise the preferred habitat is unknown.

Ecology of this particular species is largely unknown. Theridiids in general build space webs which are irregular in shape; threads are often configured in different directions (Jocqué and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006). These threads tend to break easily when capturing prey. These glue-bearing threads make it difficult for prey to flee and easy for a spider to capture them.