Biodiversity Data Journal :
Research Article
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Corresponding author: Erik Arndt (erik.arndt@hs-anhalt.de)
Academic editor: Felipe Ottoni
Received: 03 Jun 2019 | Accepted: 31 Jul 2019 | Published: 06 Aug 2019
© 2019 Erik Arndt, Ronald Fricke
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Arndt E, Fricke R (2019) Intertidal fishes of Mauritius with special reference to shallow tidepools. Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e36754. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e36754
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Intertidal fishes are found in large numbers and play an important role in their ecosystems, but knowledge of their ecology is still very limited in many tropical regions. Within this context, data from intertidal fishes in Mauritius were compiled from different sources and intertidal resident species were examined in Mauritian tidepools. A total of 292 fish species occurring in Mauritius were reported from intertidal habitats, of which 62 species represent permanent intertidal residents. The species number in the studied pools increased, not only with the proportion of stones and rock covering the pool bottom, but also with pool facilities, for example, the supply of boulders and a high coverage of macro-algae. All examined pools were dominated by two species, Bathygobius coalitus and Istiblennius edentulus. Their abundance increased with decreasing pool size, peaking in pools with a surface area between 1-2 m2 during the lowest level of ebb tide. This 'overcrowding effect' may be linked to the absence of predators in these very small pools. The comparison of present data with results of a survey made in the same area in 1995 suggested a decrease of resident species occurred during the last decades, probably linked to human influences, such as eutrophication and water pollution.
Teleostei, Western Indian Ocean, intertidal residents, tidepools, ecology
Intertidal species occupy the narrow band of near-shore habitats between the tidemarks of seas and oceans (
In a first overview of intertidal fishes,
On the other hand, intertidal fishes are found in large numbers of species and may reach high abundances. Based on their quantitative occurrence, it can be inferred that they make an important contribution to the intertidal food web by functioning in their roles as herbivores or predators. Though quantitative analyses of food webs including intertidal fishes are still scarce, we know that the diversity of herbivores is higher in tropical zones than in temperate regions and that intertidal fishes may have a strong influence on algal diversity and algal abundance in temperate as well as tropical areas (see
Against this background, one aim of the present study is to make a first compilation of data on fish species occurring in the intertidal zone in Mauritius. A second aim is the examination of intertidal resident species in Mauritian tidepools. The results of this study will increase our knowledge on intertidal communities in the Western Indian Ocean and could inspire further research towards use of intertidal species for monitoring and applied approaches in environmental research.
The island of Mauritius is located in the Western Indian Ocean (Fig.
Despite its small size, Mauritius has a large diversity of coastal habitats. Besides sandy beaches, mostly connected to the lagoon, there are estuaries of 51 rivers and streams, which are often connected to mangrove areas formed by the two rhizophoracean species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Savigny and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (
Five groups of tidepools were examined in four localities of Mauritius (Fig.
The pools were visited first in September/October 2017 and once more in September/October 2018. The following characterisation of tidepools refers to the condition in September/October 2018. Information concerning surface area and depth refers to the condition at lowest level of ebb tide.
Albion (AL). From the northern point of the public beach onwards, the north-western region of Albion includes a rocky coast with numerous tidepools. Two groups of tidepools were examined, including six pools close to the end of Avenue des Dattiers (in several maps erroneously referred to as Ave. des Rossiers) and five pools close to the end of Avenue St. Géran. The latter site is located 400 m south-east from that at the end of Avenue des Dattiers.
The pools close to the end of Avenue des Dattiers comprised three small (6-10 m2) and three larger basins (20-40 m2 at the lowest level of ebb tide) with a depth of 25-50 cm, where area and depth did not correlate. The bottom substrates resembled those in the pools at Avenue St. Géran except in two of the smaller pools, which had rocky bottoms only. One of these pools was permanently streamed through by seawater, the remaining five were isolated except for a short period during the highest point of flood tide. The southernmost of these pools is shown in (Fig.
The pools close to the end of Avenue St. Géran had a surface area of 16-45 m2 and a depth of 25-40 cm during the lowest level of ebb tide. Rocky bottom covered approximately 35-80% of the bottom surface. In the two largest pools, there also occurred macro-algae and soft-corals (less than 5% of bottom surface) and tiny green algae representing the potential food of blennies and pomacentrids. The tiny green algae were too small to estimate their ground cover. One of these pools was isolated except during the highest point of flood and two were continuously streamed through by seawater.
The five pools with highest diversity were all located in the vicinity of Albion (Suppl. material 2).
Pointe aux Caves, below lighthouse (LH). Pointe aux Caves is characterised by a high rock cliff with two platforms lying one metre above the mean water level (Bhikajee 1996), i.e. a few decimetres above the middle high water level. The northern platform contains three rockpools, two of which were examined (Fig.
Blue Bay (BB). A triangular area of flat rocks, consisting of lava tuff, extends at the southern end of Blue Bay, close to the 'Le Peninsula Bay' Beach Resort and Spa. Depending on seasonal water level, the lower parts of this rock flat constitute a number of tidepools. Seven of these tidepools were examined. The surface area of these pools ranged between 1-15 m2 during the lowest level of ebb tide and 4-36 m2 during flood tide. The maximum depth ranged between 10-25 cm at lowest level of ebb tide. The bottom surface was mostly characterised by sand (50-80% bottom cover) and stones (10-40% bottom cover), while living brown algae occurred in four of the pools (usually with 10-15% bottom cover, but covering 50% of the bottom surface in one of the smaller pools). The largest and westernmost pool is shown in Fig.
Péreybère (PE). Several shallow tidepools are located 1000 m north-east of Péreybère public beach. Three pools were examined; these had a surface area of 36-54 m2 and a maximum depth of 15-25 cm during the lowest level of ebb tide. The bottom was covered with sand (70-90% of the bottom surface) and stones and a notable amount of dead brown algae floated in two of the pools. The pools were isolated for less than 2-6 hours during a single tidal cycle. The largest and westernmost pool is shown in Fig.
In order to get a complete list of intertidal fish species in Mauritius, all available literature was searched, extracting data on fishes recorded from intertidal habitats and their localities. Besides the published records from Mauritius (
Particular attention was given to fishes reported from tidal pools, because pools are well-defined intertidal habitats that isolate their communities at least during ebb tides, making observations and examination of fishes relatively easy. In contrast, the border between the tidal and subtidal zones appears to be a smooth transition that is difficult to identify in many other near-shore habitats such as sand flats, rock cliffs or lagoons. Tidepools were also the subject of field examinations in the scope of the present work.
Fishes may occur in the intertidal zone for quite different reasons or in various periods of their life. Therefore, it is necessary to classify different 'types' of intertidal fishes. The definition of these terms follows
R – permanent residents, spending their entire life (juvenile to adult) within tidepools or the intertidal zone. They are often highly adapted for intertidal life by possessing specialised behavioural or physiological adaptations.
O – opportunists (also secondary or temporary or partial residents), living in the intertidal zone / tidepools during specific life history stages or seasons. They are also widely distributed in the subtidal zone.
T – transients (or tidal visitors), using the intertidal zone including tidepools transiently for foraging. They may end up accidentally trapped in pools as the tide goes out.
The assignment to one of these categories was established on the basis of literature references such as
The fishes of selected tidepools (see description above) were examined in September/October 2017 and 2018 by underwater visual census, i.e. fishes in each pool were observed and photographed. The main objectives during field work in 2017 were the selection of pool sites and the identification of fish species in these pools. Individuals were not counted during the field work in 2017. In 2018, the pools were examined systematically, i.e. fishes in each pool were observed and registered both near to the lowest level of ebb tide and highest level of flood by day. One additional examination took place in each pool by night. Photos for later analyses were taken of any fish for which a definite field identification was not possible. During the surveys at low tide-level, the number of permanent resident species was counted to estimate their abundance (cf.
Besides pool resident and transient fishes, several pool parameters were recorded in order to assess whether pools with particular characteristics support a higher number of fish species or fish individuals. The pool parameters are:
Spearman rank correlations were calculated to show simple correlations between certain pool characteristics and the total number of species per pool or the number of individuals of a fish species.
Direct gradient analyses (redundancy analysis, RDA) were used to relate the abundance of species to measured pool characteristics (
All primary data collected for this study are available as supplementary files. Suppl. material 1 contains parameters and characteristics of the examined tidepools; suppl. material 2 contains the recorded permament intertidal resident fish species in Mauritian shallow tidepools.
A total of 292 fish species from Mauritius were reported from intertidal habitats in literature (Table
List of intertidal fish species with their residency status and references to their tidepool records in Mauritius. Genus and species classification follows
Families and species |
Status |
Sources and Remarks |
Museum material from tidepools in Mauritius |
Acanthuridae Bonaparte, 1835 – Surgeonfishes, unicornfishes |
|||
Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
O |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius. |
|
Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
O |
|
USNM 348969 (1) |
Acanthurus polyzona (Bleeker, 1868) |
O |
|
USNM 341559 (1) |
Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
O |
Remarks: O acc. to |
USNM 344298 (65), 348973 (16), 348975 (24) |
Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes, 1835 |
O |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal ( |
|
Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) |
O |
|
USNM 348986 (2) |
Naso brevirostris (Cuvier, 1829) |
O |
Remarks: In mangrove creeks ( |
|
Naso unicornis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
O |
|
USNM 349093 (1), 349094 (1) |
Ambassidae Klunzinger, 1870 – Asiatic glassfishes |
|||
Ambassis natalensis (Lacepède, 1802) |
T |
Remarks: Freshwater, estuarine and marine. From mouth of a stream with mangrove shore in Mauritius. |
BMNH 2002.6.30.1197-1296 |
Anguillidae Rafinesque, 1810 – Freshwater eels |
|||
Anguilla bengalensis Gray, 1831 |
T |
Remark: Freshwater, estuarine and marine. |
|
Anguilla bicolor McClelland, 1841 |
T |
Remark: Freshwater, estuarine and marine. |
|
Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 |
T |
Remark: Freshwater, estuarine and marine. |
|
Anguilla mossambica (Peters, 1852) |
T |
Remark: Freshwater, estuarine and marine. |
|
Antennariidae Jarocki, 1822 – Frogfishes |
|||
Antennarius commerson (Lacepède, 1798) |
O |
|
|
Antennarius hispidus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) |
O |
Remarks: No detailed locality published from Mauritius. Intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Antennarius striatus (Shaw, 1794) |
O |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Antennatus coccineus (Lesson, 1831) |
O |
|
|
Antennatus nummifer (Cuvier, 1817) |
O |
|
|
Antennatus tuberosus (Cuvier, 1817) |
O |
Remark: Mauritian tidepool records Heemstra et al. 1995 (USNM material). |
USNM 349867 (1), 349868 (1) |
Histrio histrio (Linnaeus, 1758) |
O |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Apogonidae Günther, 1859 – Cardinal fishes |
|||
Apogon caudicinctus Randall & Smith, 1988 |
O |
Remark: USNM material from tidepools (0-1 m) in Mauritius. |
USNM 349769 (2) |
Apogon semiornatus Peters, 1876 |
O |
|
|
Apogonichthys ocellatus (Weber, 1913) |
O |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal. Intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Fowleria variegata (Valenciennes, 1832) |
O |
|
USNM 346958 (1) |
Ostorhinchus aureus (Lacepède, 1802) |
O |
Remarks: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal. Intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Ostorhinchus holotaenia (Regan, 1905) |
O |
|
|
Ostorhinchus taeniophorus (Regan, 1908) |
O |
Remark: R acc. to |
USNM 349764 (1), 349766 (17) |
Pristiapogon fraenatus (Valenciennes, 1832) |
O |
Remarks: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal. Intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Rhabdamia gracilis (Bleeker, 1856) |
O |
Remark: Only records from deeper water known in Mauritius ( |
|
Siphamia mossambica Smith, 1955 |
O |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Aulostomidae Rafinesque, 1815 – Trumpetfishes |
|||
Aulostomus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766) |
T |
|
|
Balistidae Rafinesque, 1810 – Triggerfishes |
|||
Balistoides viridescens (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) |
O |
|
|
Rhinecanthus aculeatus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
O |
Remark: R acc. to |
|
Blenniidae Rafinesque, 1810 – Blennies |
|||
Alloblennius anuchalis Springer & Spreitzer, 1978 |
R! |
|
|
Alloblennius parvus Springer & Spreitzer, 1978 |
R! |
Remark: In the surge zone of rocky coasts, over edges of drop-offs and in tidepools ( |
|
Alticus monochrus Bleeker, 1869 |
R |
Remarks: On rocks in the surge zone and outside water, occasionally in tidepools, 0-1m ( |
SMNS 16884 (1); USNM 344364 (40), 344265 (1), 344266 (2) |
Antennablennius bifilum (Günther, 1861) |
R! |
Remark: From the surge zone to 5 m, also in tidepools. |
SMNS 16908 (1); USNM 341904 (1) |
Aspidontus tractus Fowler, 1903 |
O |
Remarks: Only records from deeper water known in Mauritius. Intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Blenniella chrysospilos (Bleeker, 1857) |
R |
|
SMNS 16943 (2) |
Blenniella gibbifrons (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) |
R! |
Remark: R acc. to |
SMNS 16883 (21), 16929 (2); USNM 344269 (1) |
Blenniella periophthalmus (Valenciennes, 1836) |
R! |
|
SMNS 16894 (1), 16904 (2); USNM 344270 (1), 344271 (14) |
Cirripectes castaneus (Valenciennes, 1836) |
O |
|
|
Cirripectes quagga (Fowler & Ball, 1924) |
O |
|
|
Cirripectes randalli Williams, 1988 |
?O/R |
|
USNM 344250 (3) |
Cirripectes stigmaticus Strasburg & Schultz, 1953 |
O |
Remarks: Material from Mauritius includes subtidal records only. Intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Cirrisalarias bunares Springer, 1976 |
R! |
Remark: Adults in tidepools, surge channels and outer reef slopes near surface ( |
|
Dodekablennos fraseri Springer & Spreitzer, 1978 |
R! |
|
USNM 343646 (1), 344272 (1), 344273 (7) |
Enchelyurus kraussii (Klunzinger, 1871) |
?O/R |
Remark: Material from Mauritius includes subtidal records only ( |
|
Entomacrodus lemuria Springer & Fricke, 2000 |
R |
Remark: In the near shore surge zone ( |
USNM 341905, 339747 (4 paratypes) |
Entomacrodus epalzeocheilos (Bleeker, 1859) |
R |
Remark: In intertidal areas, e.g. reef flats exposed to waves, rocky shores and tidepools ( |
USNM 344254 (1) |
Entomacrodus striatus (Valenciennes, 1836) |
R! |
Remark: "Accidental visitor" (= T) acc. to |
USNM 341906 (11), 344255 (3) |
Entomacrodus vermiculatus (Valenciennes, 1836) |
R! |
Remark: Adults are found in the intertidal area, actively shuttling back and forth between rockpools and air ( |
USNM 344256 (6) |
Istiblennius bellus (Günther, 1861) |
R! |
Remark: Adults in intertidal flats and rock shores ( |
SMNS 16877 (43), 16900 (4); USNM 344258 (4), 344259 (12), 344260 (22) |
Istiblennius dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1836) |
R! |
Remarks: Rocky shorelines and mangrove areas ( |
SMNS 16923 (2) |
Istiblennius edentulus (Forster & Schneider, 1801) |
R! |
Remark: Intertidal, may remain out of water under rocks or seaweeds ( |
SMNS 16875 (12), 16907 (5), 16935 (2); USNM 342078 (4), 344261 (40), 344262 (20), 344263 (141) |
Istiblennius spilotus Springer & Williams, 1994 |
R! |
|
SMNS 16882 (1) |
Istiblennius steindachneri (Pfeffer, 1893) |
R |
Remarks: Material from Mauritius includes subtidal records only. Intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Mimoblennius rusi Springer & Spreitzer, 1978 |
R! |
Remarks: In tidepools and rocky surge areas ( |
|
Omobranchus elongatus (Peters, 1855) |
R |
Remarks: In rocky reefs with oysters and in estuaries ( |
SMNS 16919 (1); USNM 341865 (3) |
Parenchelyurus hepburni (Snyder, 1908) |
R |
Remark: In the intertidal zone ( |
|
Salarias fasciatus (Bloch, 1786) |
R |
Remarks: Intertidal ( |
|
Bothidae Smitt, 1892 – Left eye flounders |
|||
Bothus mancus (Broussonet, 1782) |
O |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal ( |
|
Bothus pantherinus (Rüppell, 1830) |
O |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal ( |
|
Callionymidae Bonaparte, 1831 – Dragonets |
|||
Diplogrammus infulatus Smith, 1963 |
R! |
Remark: In tidepools with seaweeds and shallow waters ( |
|
Chaetodontidae Rafinesque, 1815 – Butterflyfishes |
|||
Chaetodon auriga Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775 |
O |
Remarks: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal. Intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Chaetodon lunula (Lacepède, 1802) |
T |
Remarks: R acc. to |
USNM 348121 (4), 348122 (7), 348123 (9) |
Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758 |
?T/O |
Remarks: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal. Intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
?T/O |
Remarks: Kenyan intertidal record from mangrove creeks. No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Clinidae Swainson, 1839 – Klipfishes, kelp blennies |
|||
Springeratus polyporatus Fraser, 1972 |
R! |
Remark: All clinids are R acc. to |
SMNS 16895 (1), 16913 (1) |
Congridae Kaup, 1856 – Conger eels |
|||
Conger cinereus Rüppell, 1871 |
O |
|
SMNS 16888 (2); USNM 342780 (2), 342781 (1), 342785 (9) |
Conger wilsoni (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) |
O |
Remark: So far only known from Rodrigues ( |
|
Creediidae Waite, 1899 – Sand burrowers |
|||
Chalixodytes tauensis Schultz, 1943 |
O |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal ( |
|
Limnichthys nitidus Smith, 1958 |
O |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal ( |
SMNS 16887 (1) |
Dactylopteridae Gill, 1861 – Flying gurnards |
|||
Dactyloptena orientalis (Cuvier, 1829) |
?O/T |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal ( |
|
Dinematichthyidae Whitley, 1928 – Viviparous brotulas |
|||
Mascarenichthys heemstrai Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007 |
O |
|
USNM 349826 (1) |
Diodontidae Billberg, 1833 - Boxfishes |
|||
Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758 |
?O/T |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Eleotridae Bonaparte, 1835 – Sleepers |
|||
Eleotris fusca (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) |
R |
Remark: In Mauritius found in coastal creeks and mangrove areas. |
|
Eleotris mauritiana Bennett, 1832 |
R |
Remark: In coastal creeks and streams with mangrove areas of Mauritius. |
USNM 347883 (14) |
Hypseleotris cyprinoides (Valenciennes, 1837) |
?R/O |
Remarks: Inhabiting freshwater streams, also entering estuaries ( |
|
Ophiocara porocephala (Valenciennes, 1837) |
?R/O |
Remarks: In estuaries, river mouths and freshwater creeks, upstream from the tidal zone ( |
|
Fistulariidae Stark, 1828 – Flutemouths |
|||
Fistularia commersonii Rüppell, 1838 |
T |
|
USNM 348086 (1) |
Gerreidae Bleeker, 1859 – Mojarras |
|||
Gerres filamentosus Cuvier, 1829 |
O |
Remarks: Found in marine, brackish and freshwater; juveniles in mangrove areas and tidal creeks ( |
|
Gerres oyena (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
O |
Remark: Mauritian record in mouth of a stream with mangrove shore, 0-1m. |
USNM 349511 (19) |
Gobiidae Cuvier, 1816 – Gobies |
|||
Amblygobius albimaculatus Rüppell, 1830 |
O |
Remarks: In estuaries and mangrove areas. No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Asterropteryx semipunctata Rüppell, 1830 |
O |
Remark: T acc. to |
SMNS 16945 (1) |
Awaous commersoni (Schneider in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) |
O |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal ( |
|
Bathygobius coalitus (Bennett, 1832) |
R! |
Remark: USNM material (leg. Heemstra et al. 1995) from tidal rockpools and a mangrove area. |
USNM 348023 (26), 348024 (72), 348025 (44), 348026 (4) |
Bathygobius cocosensis (Bleeker, 1854) |
R! |
|
|
Bathygobius cotticeps (Steindachner, 1879) |
R! |
Remark: Only known from Rodrigues ( |
|
Bathygobius fuscus (Rüppell, 1830) |
R! |
|
SMNS 16886 (2), 16909 (3), 16928 (1) |
Callogobius flavobrunneus (Smith, 1958) |
R! |
Note: Callogobius sp listed as R by |
USNM 348030 (11) |
Cotylopus acutipinnis Guichenot, 1863 |
O |
|
|
Eviota distigma Jordan & Seale, 1906 |
?R/O |
SMNS material* (Australia) Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal ( |
|
Eviota nigripinna Lachner & Karnella, 1980 |
?R/O |
Remarks: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal. Intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Eviota prasina (Klunzinger, 1871) |
R! |
|
SMNS 16916 (4), 16936 (4); USNM 347920 (9), 347921 (3), 347927 (9) |
Favonigobius reichei (Bleeker, 1854) |
R |
Remarks: In weedy areas of intertidal zone, also in mangroves and estuaries. Mauritian record in mouth of a stream with mangroves. |
USNM 347776 (4) |
Fusigobius maximus (Randall, 2001) |
?R/O |
Remarks: In tidal reef flats and shallow lagoons. Only deeper records known from Mauritius ( |
SMNS 16944 (2) |
Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822) |
T |
Remarks: No detailed published record from Mauritius ( |
|
Gnatholepis anjerensis (Bleeker, 1851) |
O |
Remarks: R acc. to |
|
Gnatholepis cauerensis (Bleeker, 1853) |
O |
Remark: R acc. to |
|
Gobiodon rivulatus (Rüppell, 1830) |
O |
Remarks: No detailed published record from Mauritius ( |
USNM 400202 (2) |
Hetereleotris apora (Hoese & Winterbottom, 1979) |
?O/T |
Remarks: Only subtidal records known from Mauritius. Intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Hetereleotris georgegilli Gill, 1998 |
O |
|
|
Hetereleotris poecila (Fowler, 1946) |
O |
Remark: USNM material (leg. Heemstra et al. 1995) from tidal rockpools. |
USNM 344333 (5) |
Hetereleotris vinsoni Hoese, 1986 |
?O/R |
|
|
Hetereleotris zanzibarensis (Smith, 1958) |
O |
|
USNM 344325 (2) |
Hetereleotris zonata (Fowler, 1934) |
R! |
|
USNM 344334 (5) |
Istigobius decoratus (Herre, 1927) |
O |
Remarks: Only juveniles in Mauritian tidepools (Arndt, unpubl. obs.); SMNS material, Taiwan. |
USNM 347858 (2), 347860 (1) |
Oxyurichthys lonchotus (Jenkins, 1903) |
T |
Remark: USNM material from a mangrove area. |
USNM 347778 (1) |
Periophthalmus kalolo Lesson, 1831 |
R |
Remarks: No detailed locality published from Mauritius. Active and hunting at low tide in the intertidal zone ( |
|
Priolepis cincta (Regan, 1908) |
O |
|
USNM 344220 (1) |
Priolepis semidoliata (Valenciennes, 1837) |
?O/R |
Remark: R acc. to |
SMNS 16891 (2); USNM 344222 (1), 344223 (3), 344232 (10) |
Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas, 1770) |
O |
Remark: Only freshwater records are known from Mauritius. |
|
Stenogobius polyzona (Bleeker, 1867) |
T |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal ( |
|
Valenciennea sexguttata (Valenciennes, 1837) |
O |
Remark: USNM material from tidal rockpools. |
USNM 347889 (2) |
Haemulidae Gill, 1885 – Sweetlips, grunts |
|||
Diagramma picta (Thunberg, 1792) |
O |
Remarks: Kenyan intertidal record in a mangrove creek; also in estuaries and seagrass meadows ( |
|
Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
O |
Remarks: Found in mangrove creeks, near estuaries ( |
|
Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède, 1802) |
O |
Remark: USNM material from a mangrove area. |
USNM 349308 (1) |
Holocentridae Bonaparte, 1833 – Squirrelfishes, soldierfishes |
|||
Myripristis seychellensis Cuvier, 1829 |
O |
|
USNM 349254 (1) |
Neoniphon sammara (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
O |
|
USNM 348936 (1) |
Sargocentron diadema (Lacepède, 1802) |
O |
Remark: Records in the lagoon of Mauritius are below the low tide line ( |
|
Sargocentron punctatissimum (Cuvier, 1829) |
O |
Remark: Sargocentron sp was listed as O by |
SMNS 16924 (1); USNM 348945 (9), 348946 (6), 348949 (6) |
Kuhliidae Jordan & Evermann, 1896 – Flagtails |
|||
Kuhlia caudavittata (Lacepède, 1802) |
O |
|
SMNS 16878 (45) |
Kuhlia mugil (Forster in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) |
O |
Remarks: R acc. to |
SMNS 16879 (11); USNM 348951 (31), 348952 (3), 348954 (3), 349508 (9), 349509 (12), 349510 (2) |
Kuhlia rupestris (Lacepède, 1802) |
O |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal ( |
|
Labridae Cuvier, 1816 – Wrasses |
|||
Anampses meleagrides Valenciennes, 1840 |
T |
EA 2018 |
|
Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch, 1791) |
T |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal (Fricke 1999). |
|
Cheilinus oxycephalus Bleeker, 1853 |
T |
|
USNM 348611 (1) |
Cheilio inermis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
T |
Remarks: Kenyan intertidal record in a mangrove creek; records from Mauritius subtidal ( |
|
Coris aygula Lacepède, 1801 |
T |
Remarks: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Coris cuvieri (Bennett, 1831) |
T |
Remarks: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Coris formosa (Bennett, 1830) |
T |
Remarks: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Gomphosus caeruleus Lacepède, 1801 |
T |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal ( |
|
Halichoeres hortulanus (Lacepède, 1801) |
T |
Remarks: T acc. to |
|
Halichoeres lamarii (Valenciennes, 1839) |
T |
Remarks: T acc. to |
SMNS 16925 (3); USNM 348647 (2), 348648 (1) |
Halichoeres nebulosus (Valenciennes, 1839) |
T |
Remark: T acc. to |
SMNS 16893 (1) |
Halichoeres scapularis (Bennett, 1832) |
T |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal ( |
|
Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes, 1839) |
T |
|
USNM 348794 (1) |
Stethojulis albovittata (Bonnaterre, 1788) |
T |
Remarks: O acc. to |
SMNS 16920 (2); USNM 348800 (4), 348801 (2), 348804 (6) |
Stethojulis strigiventer (Bennett, 1832) |
T |
Remarks: Kenyan intertidal record from mangrove creek; records from Mauritius subtidal ( |
|
Thalassoma amblycephalum (Bleeker, 1856) |
T |
Remarks: R acc. to |
SMNS 16889 (3), 16918 (2), 16934 (9); USNM 348814 (1), 348820 (2) |
Thalassoma genivittatum (Valenciennes, 1839) |
T |
|
SMNS 16933 (1); USNM 348821 (2) |
Thalassoma hardwicke (Bennett, 1830) |
T |
|
SMNS 16896 (1); USNM 348812 (1) |
Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
T |
Remarks: O acc. to |
USNM 348929 (3), 348930 (1), 348931 (2) |
Thalassoma quinquevittatum (Lay & Bennett, 1839) |
T |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius. |
|
Thalassoma trilobatum (Lacepède, 1801) |
T |
|
SMNS 16876 (22), 16903 (10), 16932 (2); USNM 348806 (13), 348807 (7), 348811 (21), 348925 (9), 348926 (4), 348927 (2) |
Leiognathidae Gill, 1893 – Ponyfishes |
|||
Leiognathus equulus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
O |
Remarks: Juveniles common in mangrove areas, estuaries, tidal creeks and sometimes in lower reaches of freshwater streams. USNM material from mouth of a stream with mangrove shore. |
USNM 349512 (93) |
Lethrinidae Bonaparte, 1831 – Emperors |
|||
Lethrinus harak (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
?O/T |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
?O/T |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal ( |
|
Lethrinus lentjan (Lacepède, 1803) |
?O/T |
Remarks: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Lutjanidae Gill, 1861 – Snappers |
|||
Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
O |
Remark: Juveniles and young adults occur in estuaries, lower reaches of freshwater streams and tidal creeks ( |
USNM 349314 (2) |
Lutjanus bohar (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
O |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
O |
USNM 349313 (1) |
|
Lutjanus fulvus (Forster, 1801) |
O |
Remark: USNM material from mangrove area. |
USNM 349312 (2) |
Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792) |
O |
SMNS material* (Taiwan) Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Lutjanus russellii (Bleeker, 1849) |
O |
Remark: Only one record (Port Louis, harbour) known from Mauritius ( |
|
Monacanthidae Nardo, 1843 – Filefishes |
|||
Aluteres scriptus (Osbeck, 1765) |
O |
Remarks: Juveniles found in mangrove creeks in Kenya. Only subtidal records known from Mauritius (EA 2017). |
|
Monodactylidae Jordan & Evermann, 1898 – Moonfishes |
|||
Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
T |
Remarks: In bays, estuaries, tidal creeks etc. ( |
USNM 349505 (20) |
Monodactylus falciformis Lacepède, 1801 |
T |
Remarks: In bays, estuaries, tidal creeks etc. No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Moringuidae Gill, 1885 – Spaghetti eels |
|||
Moringua ferruginea Bliss, 1883 |
?O/T |
|
SMNS 16890 (1), 16898 (19), 16922 (10) |
Moringua javanica (Kaup, 1856) |
?O/T |
Remark: In the Mascarene archipelago, so far only known from Réunion and Rodrigues ( |
|
Mugilidae Jarocki, 1822 – Mullets |
|||
Agonostomus telfairii Bennett, 1832 |
T |
Remarks: Freshwater, estuarine and marine. No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Chelon melinopterus (Valenciennes, 1836) |
T |
|
SMNS 16912 (1) |
Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
T |
Remarks: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Crenimugil seheli (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
T |
Remarks: Mangrove areas, estuaries, tidepools, also in freshwater ( |
|
Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 |
T |
Remarks: USNM material from a mangrove area. Also in estuaries and rivers ( |
USNM 349828 (4) |
Osteomugil robustus (Günther, 1861) |
T |
Remark: Freshwater, estuarine and marine. |
|
Planiliza macrolepis (Smith, 1846) |
T |
Remark: In the Mascarene archipelago so far only known from Rodrigues ( |
|
Mullidae Rafinesque, 1815 – Goatfishes |
|||
Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (Lacepède, 1801) |
O |
Remark: USNM material from a mangrove area. |
USNM 349318 (5) |
Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (Valenciennes, 1831) |
O |
Remarks: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal; intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Parupeneus barberinus (Lacepède, 1801) |
O |
Remark: Records in the lagoon of Mauritius ( |
|
Parupeneus ciliatus (Lacepède, 1802) |
O |
Remarks: No detailed locality published from Mauritius; intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Parupeneus heptacanthus (Lacepède, 1802) |
O |
Remark: Only subtidal records published from Mauritius ( |
|
Parupeneus indicus (Russell in Shaw, 1803) |
O |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Parupeneus macronemus (Lacepède, 1801) |
O |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal ( |
|
Parupeneus trifasciatus (Lacepède, 1801) |
O |
Remarks: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal; intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Upeneus vittatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
O |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Muraenidae Rafinesque, 1815 – Moray eels |
|||
Anarchias seychellensis Smith, 1962 |
R |
Remarks: Often found in tidepools ( |
|
Echidna nebulosa (Ahl, 1789) |
R! |
|
USNM 342098 (1), 342099 (1) |
Echidna polyzona (Richardson, 1845) |
R |
|
USNM 342101 (2) |
Gymnothorax buroensis (Bleeker, 1857) |
R |
Remark: Primarily found in the surge zone ( |
USNM 3442112 (4) |
Gymnothorax chilospilus Bleeker, 1864 |
R |
|
USNM 342118 (1) |
Gymnothorax enigmaticus McCosker & Randall, 1982 |
O |
Remark: May occur in intertidal reefs ( |
|
Gymnothorax eurostus (Abbott, 1860) |
O |
|
USNM 342121 (1) |
Gymnothorax fimbriatus (Bennett, 1832) |
O |
Remarks: Young specimens in tidepools ( |
|
Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830) |
O |
Remark: Young specimens in tidepools ( |
USNM 342130 (4), 342131 (3), 342132 (1) |
Gymnothorax griseus (Lacepède, 1803) |
O |
|
USNM 342258 (1), 342260 (1) |
Gymnothorax javanicus (Bleeker, 1859) |
O |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Gymnothorax johnsoni (Smith, 1962) |
O |
Remark: Only subtidal records known from Mauritius ( |
|
Gymnothorax margaritophorus Bleeker, 1864 |
O |
|
USNM 342142 (1) |
Gymnothorax melatremus Schultz, 1953 |
O |
|
USNM 342147 (1) |
Gymnothorax meleagris (Shaw, 1795) |
O |
Remarks: No detailed locality published from Mauritius. Young specimens in tidepools ( |
SMNS 16899 (1) |
Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl, 1789) |
R |
Remarks: Juvenile and adult specimens in tidepools ( |
|
Gymnothorax phasmatodes (Smith, 1962) |
O |
Remark: Only subtidal records known from Mauritius ( |
|
Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844) |
O |
Remarks: Young specimens in shallow water and tidal pools ( |
SMNS 16921 (1), USNM 342263 (1), 342264 (1) |
Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacepède, 1803) |
O |
Remarks: Young specimens in shallow water and tidal pools ( |
|
Strophidon sathete (Hamilton, 1822) |
R |
Remarks: In estuarine areas ( |
|
Uropterygius macrocephalus (Bleeker, 1864) |
O |
|
USNM 342094 (8) |
Ophichthidae Günther, 1870 – Snake eels |
|||
Leiuranus semicinctus (Lay & Bennett, 1839) |
O |
|
USNM 342249 (1) |
Muraenichthys schultzei Bleeker, 1857 |
O |
Remark: Mauritian records in 0-1 m (in tidepools and in mouth of a stream with mangrove shore). |
USNM 342245 (1), 342246 (1) |
Myrichthys maculosus (Cuvier, 1816) |
O |
Remarks: Mauritian records subtidal, 1.5 m or deeper ( |
|
Scolecenchelys robusta Hibino & Kimura, 2015 |
?O/R! |
Remarks: Mauritian records in tidepools and deeper to 8 m. Taxonomy follows |
SMNS 16890 (1 paratype), USNM 342241 (1), 342244 (2) |
Yirrkala tenuis (Günther, 1870) |
T |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Ophidiidae Rafinesque, 1810 - Cusk eels |
|||
Brotula multibarbata Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 |
T |
||
Ostraciidae Rafinesque, 1810 |
|||
Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758) |
T |
Remarks: In mangrove creeks, in estuaries and harbours ( |
|
Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus, 1758 |
T |
|
USNM 348109 (1) |
Plesiopidae Günther, 1861 – Longfins, roundheads |
|||
Plesiops coeruleolineatus Rüppell, 1835 |
R! |
Remarks: Under rubble and stones in flood basins and pools ( |
USNM 343772 (3), 343774 (8) |
Plesiops mystaxus Mooi, 1995 |
?R!/O |
Remark: Tidepool records from Pointe aux Caves (leg. Heemstra et al. 1995, USNM material). |
USNM 343787 (1) |
Plotosidae Bleeker, 1858 – Eel catfishes |
|||
Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787) |
O |
|
USNM 350022 (2) |
Polynemidae Rafinesque, 1815 – Threadfins |
|||
Leptomelanosoma indicum (Shaw, 1804) |
T |
Remarks: Inshore, including tidepools, estuaries and lower reaches of streams ( |
|
Polydactylus plebeius (Broussonet, 1782) |
T |
Remark: USNM material from a mangrove area. |
USNM 349503 (1) |
Pomacanthidae Jordan & Evermann, 1898 – Angelfishes |
|||
Pomacanthus semicirculatus (Cuvier, 1831) |
O |
Remarks: T acc. to |
|
Pomacentridae Bonaparte, 1831 – Damselfishes |
|||
Abudefduf margariteus (Cuvier, 1830) |
O |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal ( |
|
Abudefduf septemfasciatus (Cuvier, 1830) |
O |
|
USNM 346062 (7), 342063 (30), 346064 (5) |
Abudefduf sexfasciatus (Lacepède, 1801) |
O |
Remarks: R acc. to |
|
Abudefduf sordidus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
O |
Remark: O acc. to |
SMNS 16881 (2), 16905 (2), USNM 346055 (4), 346067 (6), 346068 (13) |
Abudefduf sparoides (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) |
O |
Remark: R acc. to |
USNM 346056 (8), 346060 (2) |
Abudefduf vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) |
O |
Remarks: O acc. to |
|
Chromis viridis (Cuvier, 1830) |
O |
Remark: Known records from Mauritius are subtidal ( |
|
Chrysiptera biocellata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) |
O |
|
USNM 346016 (1) |
Chrysiptera brownriggii (Bennett, 1828) |
O |
Remarks: R acc. to |
|
Chrysiptera glauca (Cuvier, 1830) |
O |
Remarks: O acc. to |
USNM 346019 (1), 346021 (4) |
Chrysiptera unimaculata (Cuvier, 1830) |
O |
|
USNM 346026 (1) |
Dascyllus carneus Fischer, 1885 |
O |
Remarks: Kenyan intertidal record in a mangrove creek; no detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Dascyllus trimaculatus (Rüppell, 1829) |
O |
Remarks: Kenyan intertidal record in a mangrove creek; only subtidal records published from Mauritius ( |
|
Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis (Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875) |
O |
Remark: R acc. to |
USNM 345725 (2) |
Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus Fowler & Ball, 1924 |
O |
Remarks: Known records from Mauritius are subtidal; intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus (Bleeker, 1859) |
O |
Remark: T acc to |
USNM 346040 (9), 346042 (4) |
Plectroglyphidodon phoenixensis (Schultz, 1943) |
O |
|
USNM 346043 (1) |
Plectroglyphidodon randalli Allen, 1991 |
O |
|
USNM 346044 (10) |
Pomacentrus agassizii Bliss, 1883 |
O |
|
SMNS 16895 (1), 16915 (1) |
Pomacentrus caeruleus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 |
O |
Remark: Known records in Mauritius are below low tide line or much deeper ( |
|
Stegastes luteobrunneus (Smith, 1960) |
O |
Remark: Stegastes sp = O acc. to |
USNM 347015 (1) |
Stegastes limbatus (Cuvier, 1830) |
R! |
Remark: Several tidepool records from Mauritius (leg. Heemstra et al. 1995, USNM material). |
USNM 347001 (6), 347002 (7), 347003 (16) |
Stegastes nigricans (Lacepède, 1802) |
O |
Remarks: Intertidal record from Réunion. Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal. |
|
Stegastes pelicieri Allen & Emery, 1985 |
O |
Remarks: Intertidal record from Réunion. Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal. |
|
Stegastes punctatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) |
O |
Remarks: Intertidal record from Réunion. No detailed locality published published from Mauritius. |
|
Pseudochromidae Müller & Troschel, 1849 – Dottybacks, eel blennies |
|||
Haliophis guttatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
R |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Scaridae Rafinesque, 1810 – Parrotfishes |
|||
Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) |
O |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal ( |
|
Scarus ghobban Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775 |
O |
Remarks: No intertidal record known from Mauritius; intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Scarus psittacus Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775 |
O |
Remark: Kenyan intertidal records in mangrove creeks; no detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Scorpaenidae Risso, 1827 – Scorpionfishes |
|||
Caracanthus madagascariensis (Guichenot, 1869) |
?O/T |
|
USNM 349960 (1) |
Dendrochirus zebra (Cuvier, 1829) |
T |
|
SMNS 16938 (1), USNM 349895 (2), 349897 (1) |
Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828) |
T |
|
USNM 349904 (1) |
Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) |
?O/T |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (Garrett, 1864) |
?O/T |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
SMNS 16927 (1) |
Scorpaenopsis gibbosa (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) |
?O/T |
Remark: No confirmed intertidal record from Mauritius so far ( |
|
Sebastapistes mauritiana (Cuvier, 1829) |
R |
Remark: In outer intertidal reef flats, lagoons and pools exposed to wave action. |
SMNS 16914 (1), USNM 349972 (3) |
Sebastapistes strongia (Cuvier, 1829) |
?R/O |
|
SMNS 16910 (1) |
Sebastapistes tinkhami (Fowler, 1946) |
?O/T |
|
USNM 349975 (6) |
Serranidae Swainson, 1839 – Groupers |
|||
Cephalopholis argus Schneider, 1801 |
O |
Remarks: T acc. to |
USNM 349591 (1) |
Cephalopholis boenak (Bloch, 1790) |
O |
SMNS material* (Taiwan) Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Cephalopholis urodeta (Forster, 1801) |
O |
|
USNM 349605 (1) |
Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus (Bloch, 1790) |
O |
Remarks: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Epinephelus hexagonatus (Forster in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) |
O |
|
SMNS 16926 (1), USNM 349558 (8), 349559 (1), 349562 (2) |
Epinephelus merra Bloch, 1793 |
O |
|
USNM 349565 (11) |
Epinephelus rivulatus (Valenciennes, 1830) |
O |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Epinephelus spilotoceps Schultz, 1953 |
O |
Remark: No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
O |
Remark: Juveniles may occur in tidepools ( |
SMNS 16901 (1), USNM 349572 (12), 349573 (1), 349574 (5) |
Epinephelus tukula Morgans, 1959 |
O |
Remarks: Juveniles may occur in tidepools ( |
|
Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg, 1792) |
O |
Remark: T acc. to |
SMNS 16906 (1), USNM 349546 (6), 349550 (1), 349551 (3) |
Pseudogramma polyacantha (Bleeker, 1856) |
O |
Remark: So far, only tidepool records from Rodrigues are known. |
|
Siganidae Richardson, 1837 – Rabbitfishes |
|||
Siganus sutor (Valenciennes, 1835) |
?O/T |
|
SMNS 16897 (1) |
Siganus laqueus Bonde, 1934 |
O |
Remarks: Juveniles enter weedy estuaries ( |
|
Soleidae Bonaparte, 1833 – Soles |
|||
Pardachirus marmoratus (Lacepède, 1802) |
T |
Remarks: In intertidal mangrove creeks; Mauritian records in shallow lagoon, but below the low tide line ( |
|
Synanceiidae Swainson, 1839 – Stonefishes |
|||
Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider, 1801 |
?O/T |
Remark: No confirmed intertidal record from Mauritius so far ( |
|
Syngnathidae Bonaparte, 1831 – Seahorses, pipefishes |
|||
Choeroichthys valencienni Kaup, 1856 |
?O/T |
Remark: Mauritian records subtidal or deeper ( |
|
Corythoichthys flavofasciatus (Rüppell, 1838) |
?O/T |
Remarks: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal; intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Doryrhamphus bicarinatus Dawson, 1981 |
?O/T |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal. |
|
Halicampus mataafae (Jodan & Seale, 1906) |
?O/T |
Remark: Known records from Mauritius are subtidal ( |
|
Hippichthys cyanospilus (Bleeker, 1854) |
R |
Remarks: In estuaries, mangroves and freshwater of coastal streams; Mauritian records from a mangrove area (leg. Heemstra et al. 1995, USNM material). |
USNM 348075 (1) |
Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell, 1838) |
R |
Remarks: In tidal creeks, estuaries, mangroves and freshwater of coastal streams; Mauritian records from a mangrove area (leg. Heemstra et al. 1995, USNM material). |
USNM 348076 (2) |
Microphis millepunctatus (Kaup, 1856) |
R |
Remarks: In estuaries, mangroves and freshwater of coastal streams; Mauritian records from a mangrove area (leg. Heemstra et al. 1995, USNM material). |
USNM 348078 (4) |
Nannocampus pictus (Duncker, 1915) |
?O/T |
|
SMNS 16902 (2) |
Phoxocampus belcheri (Kaup, 1856) |
T |
Remark: T acc. to |
USNM 348072 (1) |
Synodontidae Gill, 1861 – Lizardfishes |
|||
Saurida gracilis (Quoy & Gamard, 1824) |
?O/T |
Remark: Intertidal records from mangrove areas. |
USNM 349534 (2) |
Synodus variegatus (Lacepède, 1803) |
?T/O |
Remarks: Intertidal record from Réunion; found on reef flat, 0-1 m in Mauritius. |
|
Trachinocephalus trachinus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) |
?T/O |
Remarks: In estuaries and intertidal mangrove creeks. No detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Terapontidae Richardson, 1842 – Thornfishes |
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Terapon jarbua (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) |
O |
Remarks: Kenyan record in an intertidal mangrove creek; no detailed locality published from Mauritius ( |
|
Tetraodontidae Bonaparte, 1831 – Pufferfishes |
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Amblyrhynchotes honckenii (Bloch, 1775) |
O |
Remarks: Common in tidepools and estuaries ( |
|
Arothron immaculatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) |
O |
Remark: Intertidal records from mangrove areas. |
USNM 348088 (7) |
Canthigaster amboinensis (Bleeker, 1864) |
O |
|
SMNS 16896 (1), USNM 48090 (1), 348092 (1) |
Canthigaster janthinoptera (Bleeker, 1855) |
O |
Remarks: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal; intertidal record from Réunion. |
|
Canthigaster natalensis (Günther, 1870) |
O |
|
USNM 348095 (2), 348096 (1), 348098 (8) |
Canthigaster solandri (Richardson, 1845) |
O |
Remarks: May occur in intertidal areas ( |
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Canthigaster valentini (Bleeker, 1853) |
O |
Remark: Records from Mauritius possibly subtidal. |
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Tripterygiidae Whitley, 1931 – Triplefin blennies |
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Enneapterygius abeli (Klausewitz, 1960) |
R! |
Remark: Mauritian records from the surge zone and tidepools (leg. Heemstra et al. 1995, USNM material). |
USNM 344032 (8), 344070 (1) |
Enneapterygius elegans (Peters, 1876) |
?R/O |
|
|
Enneapterygius philippinus (Peters, 1868) |
R! |
Remarks: T acc. to |
SMNS 16892 (2), 16911 (19), 16937 (16), USNM 343957 (1), 343959 (1), 343960 (1) |
Enneapterygius tutuilae Jordan & Seale, 1906 |
?R/O |
|
|
Helcogramma alkamr Holleman, 2007 |
R |
Remarks: In high energy tidal environments ( |
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Helcogramma fuscopinna Holleman, 1982 |
R |
Remark: In Mauritius on rocks of the surge zone. |
Moray eels (Muraenidae), gobies (Gobiidae), roundheads (Plesiopidae), damselfishes (Pomacentridae), triplefin blennies (Tripterygiidae), blennies (Blenniidae), kelp blennies (Clinidae), dragonets (Callionymidae) and probably also snake eels (Ophichthidae) include permanent intertidal residents that may spend their whole life in tidepools. This applies to 32 out of the 62 permanent residents in Table
Table
Eight permanent residents were recorded from the 23 tidepools examined in September/October 2018 (Table
Permanent resident species in 23 examined shallow Mauritian tidepools in the year 2018. Location of records: AL – Albion; BB – Blue Bay; LH – Lighthouse at Pointe aux Caves; PE – Péreybère.
Species |
N (pools) |
Locations |
Remarks |
Alticus monochrus |
7 |
AL |
Always single individuals in the pool, whereas lots of individuals were active on the seaward rocks. |
Bathygobius coalitus |
20 |
AL, BB, LH, PE |
By far the most abundant species in BB, reaching abundances up to 5 ind./m2. Also occurring in the smallest and shallowest pools. |
Blenniella cf. periophthalmus |
2 |
AL |
Few individuals. Also recorded in BB in the year 2017. |
Echidna nebulosa |
2 |
AL |
Single individuals. Also recorded in BB in the year 2017. |
Istiblennius bellus |
11 |
AL, LH |
Very abundant species in AL and LH; reaching abundances up to 2.5 ind./m2. Also recorded in BB in the year 2017. |
Istiblennius edentulus |
22 |
AL, BB, LH, PE |
Very abundant species in BB, AL and PE; reaching abundances up to 4 ind./m2 in BB and 2.5 ind./m2 in AL. |
Istiblennius dussumieri |
1 |
BB |
Single individual. |
Stegastes limbatus |
3 |
AL, BB |
One or two individuals near large boulders, defending their territory aggressively. |
Bathygobius coalitus and Istiblennius edentulus were the most widespread species in the tidepools. The abundance of B. coalitus decreased with increasing depth of the pools (p = 0.04) and with increasing pool surface (p < 0.001). B. coalitus occupied very shallow areas of pools, often closely crowded during lowest level of ebb tide. A similar 'overcrowding-effect' was seen in I. edentulus with a significantly negative correlation between its abundance and pool surface area during ebb tide (p < 0.001). The influence of these parameters on the occurrence of B. coalitus and I. edentulus was also confirmed by the RDA. Furthermore, the ordination showed a close relationship between the abundance of I. edentulus and the coverage of algae on one side and a relationship between B. coalitus and pools with a long period of isolation during the tidal cycle on the other side (Fig.
Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the two most common intertidal residents Bathygobius coalitus and Istiblennius edentulus in the examined tidepools. Axes 1 and 2 explain 66.7% of the variance of species data and 100% that of environmental data. Only environmental parameters with highest explanatory value are shown.
Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the intertidal residents in the examined rockpools at the west coast of Mauritius (AL, LH). Axes 1 and 2 explain 50.0% of the variance of species data and 97.9% that of environmental data. A species fit was set by 15% (meaning that the three species with lowest explanatory value are not shown).
Besides the present study, a few further publications specifically dealing with intertidal fishes in the Western Indian Ocean do exist.
Two tidepool studies took place in the northern Indian Ocean.
In the present field study, the total number of permanent intertidal residents was low compared with the results of the field trip by Heemstra and co-workers in the year 1995 (in
A comparably low number of resident species does not necessarily mean low abundances of fish. On one hand, a number of opportunists and transients appeared especially in larger pools (cf. species in Table
It is not surprising that larger tidepools, containing more algal and rock ledge cover, host a larger and more diverse population of fish. Pool depth, volume and also the variety of microhabitats such as presence of shells, pebbles and rock ledges influence richness and total abundance of fish strongly (
It is well known that a large number of intertidal fishes stay in intertidal habitats only temporarily, most of which use the shelter in these narrow and more or less isolated habitats as juveniles, but move to deeper water once they reach the adult stage. This can be observed in mangrove areas (
Tidepools also offer shelter for juvenile temporary residents (
A considerable portion of littoral fishes occurs in the intertidal environment and the present study yielded a large number of intertidal species in Mauritian waters. However, knowledge about local distribution and ecology of these species is still much more fragmentary than that of intertidal species in the North-eastern Pacific or North Atlantic. Intertidal habitats are prone to human influences. The comparison of past and present data from Mauritius suggests a decline of intertidal residents over the last decades. A more detailed knowledge of intertidal communities and more long-term data could enable us to use intertidal fishes as indicators of environmental change and human impact.
For this reason, a future monitoring of tidepool communities and more detailed analyses, for example, with respect to the distribution of feeding types in the communities and the linking of community parameters to parameters of water quality, is highly desirable, not only in Mauritius but also elsewhere.
We greatly thank Philippe Bourjon (Réunion) for much helpful advice regarding the species and the field work in Mauritius and we are indebted to Julian Evans (Malta) for the linguistic review and his comments on the manuscript. Helke Gröger-Arndt supported the examination of tidepools and intertidal fishes, which is gratefully acknowledged.
Excel file (*.xlsx) of tidepool parameters. Rows are tidepool parameters and columns are sample sites. Abbreviation of locations: AL – Albion; BB – Blue Bay; LH – Lighthouse at Pointe aux Caves; PE – Péreybère.
Description of tidepool parameters: Ao_ebb - water surface area during ebb tide (in m2); Ao_flow - water surface area during flow tide (in m2); Depth - pool depth during ebb tide (in cm); Isolation - the duration within one tidal cycle in which water did not stream into or out of the pool (in % of one tidal cycle); S_sand, S_stone, S_algae - bottom coverage with substrates during low tide, i.e. sand, stones including rocks and boulders or macro-algae (in %); Boulders – bottom coverage with boulders during low tide (in %). Note that boulders are structures that provide space for hiding places. Their percentage of bottom coverage is part of 'S_stone'.
Additionally, latitudes and longitudes of the pools are given.
Excel file (*.xlsx) of counted permanent resident species in tidepools. Rows are species and columns are sample sites. Abbreviation of locations: AL – Albion; BB – Blue Bay; LH – Lighthouse at Pointe aux Caves; PE – Péreybère.
Additionally, the sum of species, sum of individuals and two diversity parameters (Brillouin's Index and evenness after Buzas & Gibson) are given.