Biodiversity Data Journal :
Data Paper (Biosciences)
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Corresponding author: Bang Van Tran (vn.vanbang@gmail.com)
Academic editor: John-James Wilson
Received: 19 Aug 2019 | Accepted: 13 Nov 2019 | Published: 27 Nov 2019
© 2019 Bang Tran, Duy Le, Huy Hoang, Duc Hoang
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Tran BV, Le D, Hoang HQ, Hoang DM (2019) Occurrence data of terrestrial vertebrates of Son Tra Peninsula, Da Nang City, Vietnam. Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e39233. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e39233
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The forest of Son Tra Peninsula was designated as a nature reserve in 1977 and serves as a green lung for Da Nang City. Due to the economic development scheme of Da Nang City, the forest of the peninsula has been disturbed by human activities and by invasive plant species. Moreover, the management board of the nature reserve lacked sufficient data of the species distribution of its biodiversity for developing future management and conservation plans. To provide and enhance knowledge for the distribution of wildlife species in Son Tra Peninsula, we conducted field surveys over two years to collect data on species richness and distribution and then build a biodiversity database for the protected area.
The project collected the occurrence data of 145 species of terrestrial vertebrates, accounting for 51.6% of vertebrate species known from the peninsula with total of 900 observations. In addition, distribution data of six threatened species were recorded on the peninsula.
distribution, occurrence, mammal, aves, reptile, amphibian
Son Tra Peninsula of Da Nang City is well known as a home for one of the most beautiful primates, the red-shanked douc (Pygathrix nemaeus) and the forest is considered as the “green lung” of the city. Located on the peninsula, Son Tra Nature Reserve was established in 1977 to protect the forest and its biodiversity in an area of ca. 4,000 ha. The nature reserve then was reduced to 3,871 ha in the “National Planning for Biodiversity Conservation toward 2020 and vision to 2030”. In addition, the peninsula was planned for national tourism development with an area of 1,056 ha from 2016. Hence, the total area allocated for conserving the habitat for wildlife was reduced to 3,383 ha. Therefore, the forestry area, as well as the biodiversity of the peninsula, including the nature reserve, will be impacted under the pressure of economic development for the city.
Before the re-unification of Vietnam, the fauna of Son Tra was surveyed and 23 mammal species were reported for the peninsula (
Research on conservation and restoration of terrestrial and marine ecosystems at Son Tra Nature Reserve, Da Nang City. Project code: 26/15 – ĐTĐL.CN - XHTN
Project manager: Dr Duc Minh Hoang
Project coordinatior: Mr. Bang Van Tran
Other principle members of the project are: Dr Truong Hong Luu, Dr. Long Ngoc Vu, Mr. Bach Xuan Le Nguyen, Mr. Hoa Xuan Nguyen, Dr. Vy Xuan Nguyen, Asso. Prof. Minh Van Vo, Dr. Long Thang Ha and Mr. Thien Quang Huynh.
The project was carried out on Son Tra Peninsula focusing on Son Tra Nature Reserve, Da Nang City. In addition, the project also covers the marine ecosystem surrounding the Son Tra Nature Reserve.
The project was designed in three steps. Firstly, the status of land cover and distribution of important marine ecosystems (seagrass and coral reef) was mapped by using current satellite images. After that, a database of the biodiversity of the nature reserve, including terrestrial and marine ecosystems based on field surveys data, was transferred to local authorities. Lastly, based on the results of the project, one sustainable management plan will be recommended to the management board of the nature reserve, as well as for the peninsula.
Project was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam. Funding Number 26/15-DTĐ.CN-XH.
The project was conducted at Son Tra Peninsula where Son Tra Nature Reserve is located. The forest of the peninsula, based on satellite images from 2016, comprises seven habitat types: poor evergreen broadleaf forest (1,872 ha), medium evergreen broadleaf forest (1,445 ha), planted forest (252 ha), bare land/grassland with Merremia spp. (226 ha); bare land/other grassland (368 ha); agricultural land/other (118 ha) and residential land (807 ha). Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians are our targeted taxa. The fieldwork was conducted from 2016 to 2017 with 46 survey-days.
The mammal fauna was studied by applying three methods, including visual survey in both day and night-time to record easily recognised species, mist nets were used for capturing bats and box traps were used for capturing small mammals like rodents and shrews. While the visual surveys were conducted along the roads and available trails in the forest, mist nets and box traps were set up near streams. The visual survey was also the main method to collect bird data by using binoculars and a camera with telephoto lens for taking the photos of species. The herpetofauna was surveyed in both day and night-time to maximise results. Surveyors focused on streams together with the roads to observe and capture animals by hand. The surveys usually took place from 06h00 till noon, from 14h00 to 17h00 and from 19h00 to 23h00.
Controlling data: Each observation of an animal contained fundamental information such as location (coordinates and altitude), habitat and name of surveyor. The coordinates and altitude of locality were derived from hand-held Garmin GPS (model 64 CSX). The habitat type was based on the current classification system for land cover of Son Tra Peninsula as provided in the section of study extent. Regarding species identification, herpetofauna species and small mammals, such as bats and rodents, were identified based on examination of specimens. A Guide to the Mammals of South-East Asia (
Controlling nomenclature name of species: To ensure using the updated scientific name and common name of species, we double-checked the nomenclature of species with online databases: Mammal species of the world (
Son Tra Nature Reserve is located in Son Tra Peninsula, which is situated on the north-east edge of Da Nang City. The geographic coordinates of the peninsula are 10°06' N to 10°09' N and 108°13' E to 108°21' E (Fig.
; .
The occurrence data contained the distribution location for 145 species, belonging to four classes: Mammalia (20 species), Aves (82 species), Reptilia (27 species) and Amphibia (16 species). There is a total of 900 records, including 128 records for the mammals, 445 records for birds, 145 records for reptiles and 182 records for amphibians (Suppl. material
Scientific name | Common name | IUCN Category | Number of records |
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Ophiophagus hannah | King cobra | VU | 1 |
Cuora mouhotii | Keeled box turtle | EN | 1 |
Pitta nympha | Fairy pitta | VU | 3 |
Psittacula alexandri | Red-breasted parakeet | NT | 1 |
Pygathrix nemaeus | Red-shanked douc | EN | 35 |
Nycticebus pygmaeus | Pygmy slow loris | VU | 2 |
The project was conducted from January 2015 to December 2018. Data were collected within the project timeline during four field trips in April 2016, October 2016, May 2017 and August 2017.
The data were prepared by following DARWIN CORE.
Column label | Column description |
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occurrenceID | The Globally Unique Identifier number for the recored |
basisOfRecord | The specific nature of the data record: PreservedSpecimen, HumanObservation |
eventDate | date format as YYYY-MM-DD |
year | Year of the event was recorded |
month | The month of the event was recorded |
date | The date of the event was recorded |
verbatimEventDate | The verbatim original representation of the date and time information for an Event: the format of date as MM/DD/YYYY |
scientificName | The full scientific name including the genus name and the lowest level of taxonomic rank with the authority |
kingdom | The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified |
phylum | The full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the taxon is classified. |
class | The full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified |
order | The full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified |
family | The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified |
genus | The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified |
specificEpithet | The name of the first or species epithet of the scientificName |
scientificNameAuthorship | The authorship information with the date for the scientificName formatted |
taxonRank | The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName |
identifiedBy | Name of identifier to the taxon that recorded |
dateIdentified | The date on which the subject was identified as representing the Taxon. |
decimalLatitude | The verbatim original latitude of the Location |
decimalLongitude | The verbatim original longitude of the Location |
geodeticDatum | The geodetic datum for coordinates: WGS84 |
verbatimCoordinateSystem | The spatial coordinate system for the verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude: decimal degrees |
continent | The name of the continent in which the Location occurs |
country | The name of the country or major administrative unit in which the Location occurs |
countryCode | The standard code for the country in which the Location occurs: VN |
stateProvince | The name of the next smaller administrative region than country: Danang |
county | The full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than stateProvince: Son Tra |
locality | Name of the Nature Reserve: Son Tra Nature Reserve |
language | A language of the resource: English |
institutionCode | The acronym of name of Southern Institute of Ecology, SIE |
collectionCode | The name, acronym, coden or initialism identifying the collection or dataset from which the record was derived: SIEZC |
individualCount | the number of individuals that were recorded for the event |
preparations | name of methods for preserving specimen |
This paper is a part of the project "Research on conservation and restoration of terrestrial and marine ecosystems at Son Tra Nature Reserve, Da Nang City", project code: 26/15 – DTDL.CN - XHTN, which was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam. The authors also would like to express thanks to Da Nang Forest Protection Department that allowed the field surveys to be conducted. Thanks also given to Herbert H. Covert for his help in English of the manuscript.
Each author contributed equally to the data collecting process and to writing the paper.
The file contains occurrence data of terrestrial vertebrate species in Son Tra Peninsula, Da Nang City. Data were organised in 14 columns and 901 rows with first row as the header.