First report of Dicopus longipes (Subba Rao) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from India with new distribution data on some species

A. Rameshkumar; J. Poorani; M. Anjana

doi:10.3897/BDJ.3.e4692

Biodiversity Data Journal : Taxonomic paper

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Taxonomic paper

First report of Dicopus longipes (Subba Rao) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from India with new distribution data on some species

A. Rameshkumar^‡, J. Poorani^‡, M. Anjana^§

‡ ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore 560024, India

§ Western Ghats Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Calicut 673006, India

Corresponding author:

Academic editor: Jose Fernandez-Triana

Received: 07 Feb 2015 | Accepted: 06 Mar 2015 | Published: 10 Mar 2015

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Rameshkumar A, Poorani J, Anjana M (2015) First report of Dicopus longipes (Subba Rao) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from India with new distribution data on some species . Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4692. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4692

Abstract

Dicopus longipes (Subba Rao) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) is recorded from India for the first time. New additional distribution records of Mymaridae from the southern Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala are documented.

Keywords

Mymaridae, distribution, India.

Introduction

Fairyflies (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) are internal egg parasitoids of insects except two species that parasitize the larvae of eulophids (Huber et al. 2006). From India, 31 genera and 134 species of Mymaridae have been reported so far (Manickavasagam and Rameshkumar 2013, Ramesh Kumar et al. 2013). The mymarid fauna of India is not well documented as several states and biodiversity rich areas of India have not been surveyed so far for mymarids. Because mymarids are small to tiny, only Malaise traps and yellow pan traps yield good field collections. In this paper, we document new records of mymarids for the southern Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. One species, Dicopus longipes (Subba Rao), is reported as new to India.

Materials and methods

Parasitoids were collected from Kasaragod, Kozhikode, Palakkad, and Idukki districts of Kerala and Coimbatore and Salem districts of Tamil Nadu using sweep netting, yellow pan traps and Malaise traps in different ecosystems (Noyes 1982). Collected specimens were processed using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) (Brown 1993) and card/slide mounted for identification. Voucher specimens are deposited in the reference collections of the National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (ICAR-NBAIR), Bangalore, India and the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Western Ghat Regional Centre, Calicut, India.

Taxon treatments

Acmopolynema indochinense Soyka

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continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Kerala
; municipality:
Palakkad
; locality:
Chittur
; samplingProtocol:
Yellow pan trap
; eventDate:
2011-02-04
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
Kumar
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Distribution

Acmopolynema indochinense (Fig. 1), hitherto known from Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh (Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy 2007), is a new record for Kerala.

Figure 1.

Acmopolynema indochinense, lateral view.

Acmopolynema malabaricum Subba Rao

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continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Tamil Nadu
; municipality:
Salem
; locality:
Yercaud
; samplingProtocol:
Yellow pan trap
; eventDate:
2014-08-06
; individualCount:
4
; sex:
females
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureae of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Distribution

Acmopolynema malabaricum (Fig. 2) was known only from Kerala (Hayat and Anis 1999) and is new to Tamil Nadu.

Figure 2.

Acmopolynema malabaricum, lateral view.

Acmopolynema problema Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy

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continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Kerala
; municipality:
Palakkad
; locality:
near Silent Valley
; samplingProtocol:
Sweep net
; eventDate:
2013-01-16
; habitat:
Weedy field
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
Nikhil
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Distribution

Acmopolynema problema (Fig. 3) has been recorded from only Karnataka (Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy 2007) and is recorded here from Kerala.

Figure 3.

Acmopolynema problema, lateral view.

Alaptus sp.

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continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Kerala
; municipality:
Palakkad
; locality:
Pattambi
; verbatimLocality:
RARS campus
; samplingProtocol:
Yellow pan trap
; eventTime:
2014-01-25
; habitat:
Paddy field
; individualCount:
5
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Distribution

Alaptus (Fig. 4) includes some of the smallest mymarids. From India, it was recorded from Delhi, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu (Subba Rao and Hayat 1983), Karnataka (Manickavasagam et al. 2011), and Pudhucherry (Rameshkumar et al. 2011). We record it here from Kerala.

Figure 4.

Alaptus sp., lateral view.

Camptoptera matcheta Subba Rao

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continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Tamil Nadu
; municipality:
Salem
; locality:
Yercaud
; samplingProtocol:
Yellow pan trap
; eventDate:
2014-08-06
; habitat:
Weedy filed
; individualCount:
3
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Distribution

Camptoptera matcheta (Fig. 5) was known only from Karnataka (Subba Rao 1989) and is new to Tamil Nadu.

Figure 5.

Camptoptera matcheta, lateral view.

Dicopus longipes (Subba Rao)

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continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Kerala
; municipality:
Palakkad
; locality:
RARS campus
; samplingProtocol:
Yellow pan trap
; eventDate:
2014-01-25
; habitat:
Paddy field
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
Female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; identificationID:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Diagnosis

Dicopus longipes (Fig. 6) differs from D. noyesi Manickavasagam by the following features: antennal scape uniformly slender (distinctly bulging subapically in D. noyesi), F1 almost as long as F2 (distinctly shorter in D. noyesi), F6 and F7 slightly bottle shaped, the apex of each segment shorter and wider (F5 to F7 bottle-neck shaped, the apex of each segment distinctly long and narrow in D. noyesi).

Figure 6.

Dicopus longipes, lateral view.

Distribution

Malaysia (Subba Rao 1984); India (Kerala). Pricop and Andriescu (2011) have mentioned that D. longipes is known from India, but it appears to be incorrect. After Subba Rao (1984) described it from Malaysia-Sabah under Kubja, the only subsequent reference to this species was by Huber (2009) when he synonymised Kubja with Dicopus.

Dicopus noyesi Manickavasagam

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continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Kerala
; municipality:
Calicut
; locality:
red hills
; samplingProtocol:
Yellow pan trap
; eventDate:
2014-04-25
; habitat:
Weedy field
; individualCount:
2
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Distribution

Dicopus noyesi (Fig. 7) was recorded from Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu (Manickavasagam and Rameshkumar 2011) and we record it here from Kerala.

Figure 7.

Dicopus noyesi, lateral view.

Eofoersteria sp.

Materials Download as CSV

continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Kerala
; municipality:
Palakkad
; locality:
Pattambi
; verbatimLocality:
RARS campus
; samplingProtocol:
Yellow pan trap
; eventDate:
2014-01-25
; habitat:
Paddy field
; individualCount:
11
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR
continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Kerala
; municipality:
Calicut
; locality:
Mavoor
; verbatimLocality:
Medical college campus
; samplingProtocol:
Yellow pan trap
; eventDate:
2012-11-22
; habitat:
grassy field
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Distribution

Eofoersteria (Fig. 8) was recorded from Tamil Nadu (Subba Rao and Hayat 1983) and Karnataka (Manickavasagam et al. 2011). We record it here from Kerala.

Figure 8.

Eofoersteria sp., lateral view.

Eubroncus sp.

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continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Tamil Nadu
; municipality:
Valparai
; locality:
Urulikkal
; verbatimLocality:
Periyar nagar
; samplingProtocol:
Yellow pan trap
; eventTime:
2014-05-04
; habitat:
Weedy field
; individualCount:
1, 1
; sex:
male, female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Distribution

Eubroncus (Fig. 9) is a rarely collected genus previously known from West Bengal (Hayat and Khan 2009) and Karnataka (Manickavasagam et al. 2011). We record it here from Tamil Nadu.

Figure 9.

Eubroncus sp., lateral view.

Gonatocerus monticolus Zeya

Material Download as CSV

continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Kerala
; municipality:
Calicut
; locality:
Vengeri
; samplingProtocol:
Malaise trap
; eventTime:
2014-02-13
; habitat:
Weedy field
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
Raseena
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Distribution

Gonatocerus monticolus (Fig. 10) is known only from its type locality in Uttar Pradesh (Zeya and Hayat 1995). We record it here from Kerala.

Figure 10.

Gonatocerus monticolus, lateral view.

Gonatocerus trialbifuniculatus Subba Rao

Material Download as CSV

continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Kerala
; municipality:
Calicut
; locality:
Vengeri
; samplingProtocol:
Malaise trap
; eventDate:
2014-02-13
; habitat:
Weedy field
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
Raseena
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Distribution

Gonatocerus trialbifuniculatus (Fig. 11) is known only from Karnataka (Zeya and Hayat 1995). We record it here from Kerala.

Figure 11.

Gonatocerus trialbifuniculatus, lateral view.

Kikiki huna Huber

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continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Tamil Nadu
; municipality:
Salem
; locality:
Yercaud
; samplingProtocol:
Yellow pan trap
; eventDate:
2014-08-06
; habitat:
Weedy field
; individualCount:
24
; sex:
females
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Distribution

Costa Rica, Hawaiian Islands, Trinidad and Tobago (Huber and Noyes 2013); Argentina (Triapitsyn 2013); India (Tamil Nadu).

Taxon discussion

Kikiki is unique among Mymaridae in having 4-segmented funicle, 2-segmented clava and 3-segemented tarsi. Only the type species, K. huna Huber (Fig. 12), is known so far. In India, Kikiki was first recorded by Manickavasagam and Palanivel (2013) from Tamil Nadu, but they did not confirm the species identity. The size of K. huna ranges from 150 to 170 µm and it holds the record for being the smallest winged insect known at present (Huber and Noyes 2013).

Figure 12.

Kikiki huna: Lateral and dorsal view.

a: Female, lateral view
b: Female, dorsal view

Litus sutil Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy

Material Download as CSV

continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Tamil Nadu
; municipality:
Salem
; locality:
Yercaud
; samplingProtocol:
Yellow pan trap
; eventDate:
2014-08-06
; habitat:
Weedy field
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Distribution

Litus sutil (Fig. 13) was known from Meghalaya (Ramesh Kumar et al. 2013). We record it here from Tamil Nadu.

Figure 13.

Litus sutil, lateral view.

Litus triapitsyni Rehmat and Hayat

Material Download as CSV

continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; municipality:
Salem
; locality:
Yercaud
; samplingProtocol:
Yellow pan trap
; eventTime:
2014-08-06
; habitat:
Weedy field
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Distribution

Litus triapitsyni Rehmat and Hayat (Fig. 14) was recorded from Assam (Rehmat et al. 2009). We record it here from Tamil Nadu.

Figure 14.

Litus triapitsyni, lateral view.

Ooctonus nigrotestaceus Subba Rao

Materials Download as CSV

continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Kerala
; municipality:
Idukki,
; locality:
Vellimala
; samplingProtocol:
Sweep net
; eventDate:
2013-04-07
; habitat:
Weedy field
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
Abhilash
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR
continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Kerala
; municipality:
Idukki
; locality:
Mannavan shola
; samplingProtocol:
Malaise trap
; eventDate:
2013-04-07
; habitat:
Weedy field
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
Bijoy
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Distribution

Ooctonus nigrotestaceus Subba Rao (Fig. 15) was originally described from Karnataka (Subba Rao 1989). We record it here from Kerala.

Figure 15.

Ooctonus nigrotestaceus, lateral view.

Schizophragma sp.

Material Download as CSV

continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Tamil Nadu
; municipality:
Salem
; locality:
Yercaud
; samplingProtocol:
Yellow pan trap
; eventTime:
2014-08-06
; habitat:
Weedy field
; individualCount:
1
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Distribution

Schizophragma sp. (Fig. 16) was recorded from Meghalaya (Ramesh Kumar et al. 2013). We record it here from Tamil Nadu.

Figure 16.

Schizophragma sp., lateral view.

Stethynium sp.

Material Download as CSV

continent:
Asia
; country:
India
; countryCode:
IND
; stateProvince:
Kerala
; municipality:
Calicut
; locality:
East hills
; samplingProtocol:
Yellow pan trap
; eventDate:
2014-04-25
; habitat:
Weedy field
; individualCount:
3
; sex:
female
; lifeStage:
Adult
; recordedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; identifiedBy:
A Rameshkumar
; institutionID:
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources
; institutionCode:
ICAR-NBAIR

Distribution

Stethynium sp. (Fig. 17) was recorded from Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh (Subba Rao and Hayat 1983). We record it here from Kerala.

Figure 17.

Stethynium sp., lateral view.

Analysis

Acknowledgements

The first author is thankful to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research for funding his work under the Network Project on Insect Biosystematics. Thanks are due to Dr. Abraham Verghese, Director, ICAR-NBAIR, for facilities provided and encouragement. The third author is thankful to the Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment for the financial assistance, Dr. K. Rajmohana (Research guide) and Dr. P. M Sureshan (Officer-in-charge, WGRC, Zoological Survey of India) for their support and facilities.

Author contributions

A. Rameshkumar - Collection, Identification, Manuscript preparation

J. Poorani - Collection, Identification, Imaging, Manuscript preparation

M. Anjana - Collection, Identification

References

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Hayat M, Anis SB (1999)

The Indian species of Acmopolynema with notes on Acanthomymar (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae)

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297

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313

. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1999.10433796

Hayat M, Khan FR (2009)

First record of Eubroncus from India (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) with description of a new species

Journal of Threatened Taxa

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The genus Dicopomorpha (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) in Africa and a key to Alaptus-group genera

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244

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Huber JT, Noyes JS (2013)

A new genus and species of fairyfly, Tinkerbella nana (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae), with comments on its sister genus Kikiki, and discussion on small size limits in arthropods

Journal of Hymenoptera Research

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Huber JT, Mendel Z, Protasov A, LaSalle J (2006)

Two new Australian species of Stethynium (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), larval parasitoids of Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Eucalyptus

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1921

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Manickavasagam S, Palanivel S (2013)

First report of two mymarid genera, Cleruchus Enock and Kikiki Huber and Beardsley (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from India

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Manickavasagam S, Rameshkumar A (2011)

First report of three genera of fairyflies (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from India with description of a new species of Dicopus and some other records

Zootaxa

3094

63-68

Manickavasagam S, Rameshkumar A (2013)

A Checklist of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of India

Madras Agricultural Journal

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562

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Manickavasagam S, Rameshkumar A, Rajmohana K (2011)

First report of four species of fairyflies from India, key to Indian species of four genera and additional distributional records of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)

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Noyes JS (1982)

Collecting and preserving chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea).

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334

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Pricop E, Andriescu I (2011)

Dicopus minutissimus Enock (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), representative of a genus and species new to Romania, with notes on other species.

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Rameshkumar A, Manickavasagam S, Jebanesan A (2011)

Diversity and new distributional records of fairyflies (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) from the state of Kerala, India

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Abstract

Keywords

Introduction

Materials and methods

Taxon treatments

Acmopolynema indochinense Soyka

Distribution

Acmopolynema malabaricum Subba Rao

Distribution

Acmopolynema problema Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy

Distribution

Alaptus sp.

Distribution

Camptoptera matcheta Subba Rao

Distribution

Dicopus longipes (Subba Rao)

Diagnosis

Distribution

Dicopus noyesi Manickavasagam

Distribution

Eofoersteria sp.

Distribution

Eubroncus sp.

Distribution

Gonatocerus monticolus Zeya

Distribution

Gonatocerus trialbifuniculatus Subba Rao

Distribution

Kikiki huna Huber

Distribution

Taxon discussion

Litus sutil Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy

Distribution

Litus triapitsyni Rehmat and Hayat

Distribution

Ooctonus nigrotestaceus Subba Rao

Distribution

Schizophragma sp.

Distribution

Stethynium sp.

Distribution

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Author contributions

References

Supplementary material