Telothyria van der Wulp, 1890: 44, [also 1890: 167]. Type species: Telothyria cupreiventris van der Wulp, 1890, by subsequent designation of Brauer & Bergenstamm (1891: 378 [also 1891: 74]).

Thereuops Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891: 378 [also 1891: 74]. Type species: Miltogramma brevipennis Schiner, 1868 (preocc. by Miltogramma brevipennis Bigot, 1861), by subsequent designation of Brauer & Bergenstamm (1891: 378 [also 1891: 74]). Synonymy proposed by Aldrich 1929 :7. [see below under Telothyria schineri Fleming & Wood, nom. n.]

Therevops. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Thereuops Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 (Aldrich 1929: 7, 33).

Thelothyria. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Telothyria van der Wulp, 1890 (Brauer & Bergenstamm 1893: 132 [also 1893: 44]).

Comatacta Coquillett, 1902: 199. Type species: Brachycoma pallidula van der Wulp, 1890 (= Stomoxys variegata Fabricius, 1805), by original designation. Syn. n.

Leskiopsis Townsend, 1916: 627. Type species: Myiobia thecata Coquillett, 1895, by original designation. Synonymy proposed by Wood and Zumbado 2010: 1412.

Ptilomyia Curran, 1925: 8 (preocc. by Ptilomyia Coquillett, 1910). Type species: Ptilomyia plumata Curran, 1925, by original designation. Synonymy proposed by Curran 1928: 112.

Ptilomyoides Curran, 1928: 112. Type species: Ptilomyia becquaerti Curran, 1925, by monotypy. Syn. n.

Eutelothyria Townsend, 1931: 332. Type species: Eutelothyria itaquaquecetubae Townsend, 1931, by original designation. Syn. n.

Ptilomyiopsis Townsend, 1933: 527 (nomen novum for Ptilomyia Curran). Type species: Ptilomyia plumata Curran, 1925, by designation of the same species for Ptilomyia Curran, 1925. [Curran 1928 proposed the synonymy of Ptilomyia Curran, 1925 with Comatacta Coquillett, 1902. Despite this proposed synonymy Townsend 1933 proposed a replacement name for Ptilomyia Curran, erected on the basis of Ptilomyia plumata Curran, 1925 which Townsend considered to be generically distinct from Comatacta; junior synonym of Comatacta Coquillett, 1902 [teste Curran 1928: 112]]. Syn. n.

Euptilomyia Townsend, 1939: 451. Type species: Euptilomyia frontalis Townsend, 1939, by original designation. Syn. n.

Floradalia Thompson, 1963: 486. Type species: Floradalia major Thompson, 1963, by original designation. Syn. n.

Other species included in Telothyria Robineau-Desvoidy

bequaerti Curran, 1925: 352 (Ptilomyia). Holotype male (AMNH), by original designation. Type locality: Brazil, Roraima, San Alberto. [Type locality cited in Curran (1928) as Honduras in error] Comb. n.

brasiliensis Townsend, 1929: 369 (Leskiopsis). Holotype female (USNM). Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Itaquaquecetuba.

cruenta Giglio-Tos, 1893: 3 (Chaetona). Holotype female (MRSN), by original designation. Type locality: Mexico. Comb. n.

cupreiventris van der Wulp, 1890: 169 in key [1890: 182, description] (Telothyria). Lectotype male [not female as published, Townsend 1931: 91] (BMNH), by fixation of Townsend 1931: 91. Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa.

frontalis Townsend, 1939: 451 (Euptilomyia). Syntypes, 2 males (USNM), by original designation. Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Juquía [cited in Guimarães 1971: 121 as Itaquaquecetuba]. Comb. n.

illucens van der Wulp, 1890: 169 [also 1890: 183] (Telothyria). Syntypes, 3 males and 2 females (3 in BMNH). Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa.

insularis Curran, 1927: 12 (Comatacta). Holotype male (AMNH), by original designation. Type locality: Puerto Rico, San Juan. Comb. n.

itaquaquecetubae Townsend, 1931: 333 (Eutelothyria). Holotype male (USNM), by original designation. Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Itaquaquecetuba Comb. n.

major Thompson, 1963: 486 (Floradalia). Holotype female (CNC), by original designation. Type locality: Trinidad, Maracas Valley. Comb. n.

micropalpus Curran, 1925: 9 (Ptilomya). Holotype male (AMNH), by original designation. Type locality: Brazil, “Piedra Blanca” (as “Chapada”, in error according to Arnaud 1963: 126). Comb. n.

minor Thompson, 1963: 488 (Floradalia). Holotype male (CNC), by original designation. Type locality: Trinidad, St. Augustine. Comb. n.

nautlana Townsend, 1908: 101 (Comatacta). Holotype male [sex not given in original description, determined from holotype examination] (USNM), by original designation. Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, San Rafael, Jicaltepec. Comb. n.

placida van der Wulp, 1890: 169 [also 1890: 182] (Telothyria). Holotype female (BMNH). Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa.

plumata Curran, 1925: 8 (Ptilomya). Lectotype male (AMNH), designated by Arnaud (1963). Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, "Chapada" [probably in or near present-day Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães]. Comb. n.

relicta van der Wulp, 1890: 171 (Telothyria). Holotype female (BMNH). Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Atoyac.

rufopygata Bigot, 1889: 262 (Viviana, as "V.? rufopygata"). Holotype female (BMNH). Type locality: Mexico.

rufostriata van der Wulp, 1890: 172 (Telothyria). Syntypes, 1 male and 1 female (BMNH). Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz (Atoyac) and Tabasco (Teapa).

schineri Fleming & Wood, nom. n. for Miltogramma brevipennis Schiner, 1869

brevipennis Schiner, 1868: 324 (Miltogramma). Holotype male (NHMW). Type locality: Brazil. Junior primary homonym of Miltogramma brevipennis Bigot 1861. [Miltogramma brevipennis Schiner 1868 is a junior primary homonym of Miltogramma brevipennis Bigot, 1861 a valid name within the Sarcophagidae. The authors hereby propose the replacement name Telothyria schineri for Miltogramma brevipennis Schiner. The type material originally referenced by Schiner is conserved, with the specific epithet being selected in honor of Ignaz Rudolph Schiner.]

thecata Coquillett, 1895: 105 (Myiobia). Lectotype male (USNM), by fixation of Townsend in Townsend 1939: 250 (mention of “Ht male” from Bucks and Delaware counties in USNM is regarded as a lectotype fixation). Type locality: USA, Pennsylvania, Bucks County.

trinitatis Thompson, 1963: 484 (Eutelothyria). Syntypes males and females (1 male in CNC), by original designation. Type locality: Trinidad, Brazil (village name). Comb. n.

variegata Fabricius, 1805: 281 (Stomoxys). Holotype male (ZMUC), by original designation. Type locality: South America. Comb. n.

tricincta Fabricius, 1805: 301 (Musca). Holotype female (ZMUC). Type locality: South America. Syn. n.

pallidula van der Wulp, 1890: 95 (Brachycoma). Holotype male (BMNH). Type locality: Mexico, North Yucatan, Temax.

Male. Head: frons narrow 1/10-1/8 of head width; 1–4 reclinate orbital setae; anteriormost reclinate orbital seta distinctly longer than uppermost frontal seta; ocellar setae most often absent, if present then these appearing short and underdeveloped, easily confused with vertical setulae arising behind anterior ocellus; eye bare, ventral margin below level of vibrissa; fronto-orbital plate ranging from shining silver or gold to brownish with a silver sheen; fronto-orbital plate with short black or blonde hairs interspersed among frontal setae; fronto-orbital plate with setae not extending below lower margin of pedicel; lower margin of face slightly lower than vibrissa almost not visible in profile; facial ridge bare in most species, the few exceptions possessing yellow almost inconspicuous hairs along margin; palpus either straight or with a slight club at apex, sparsely haired; arista ranging from bare to plumose, usually distinctly-thickened on basal 1/2, ranging in color from orange to dark brown-black. Thorax: gray to golden tomentose over a black to reddish-brown ground color; thorax covered in dense plumose blonde hairs or plumose hairs confined to lateral surfaces with disc of scutum covered in thin black hairs; prosternum bare; chaetotaxy: one proepimeral seta; one proepisternal seta; 4–5 postpronotal setae, basal setae arranged in a straight line; supra-alar setae 1–2:3; intra-alar setae 1–2:2–3; dorsocentral setae 3–4:3–4; acrostichal setae 3–4:3–4; katepisternum with 2–3 setae; meral setae usually absent in the traditional sense instead meral row replaced by a fan of long plumose hairs (Fig. 2c). Scutellum with three pairs marginal setae; apical scutellar setae crossed apically, 1/8–1/10th as long as subapical scutellars; basal scutellar setae equal in length to subapical setae, often slightly shorter; subapical setae straight, ranging from divergent to convergent; ranging from gray to golden pollinose. Legs: ranging in ground color from yellow to dark reddish-brown; coxae covered in dense plumose blonde hairs. Wing: slightly longer than abdomen; translucent slightly hyaline; all veins bare, with 1–2 setula at base of vein R₄₊₅; apical cell open at or just before the apex of wing; bend of vein M obtuse-angled. Abdomen: ground color ranging from a deep maroon, to different tonalities of yellow-orange with longitudinal middorsal brown markings; middorsal depression on syntergosternite 1+2 (ST1+2) reaching to hind margin of tergite; median marginal setae present only on tergite 4 (T4) and tergite 5 (T5) (one exception Telothyria omissa sp. n., which lacks the marginal setae on tergite 4 (T4)); median discal setae absent on ST1+2–T4, occasionally present on T5; sex patch absent. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 with median cleft ranging from deeply excavated and smoothly V-shaped, to shallow and only slightly separated; margins either bare or covered in dense pollinosity; lateral lobes of sternite either sharply pointed, rounded apically or squared, sometimes with a small group of strong setulae along outer margins; basal section of sternite 5 subequal to slightly longer than length of apical lobes. Cerci in posterior view sharply pointed and triangular typically with a well defined basal shoulder separating upper lobe from apical section, ranging from slightly shorter to subequal in length of surstyli, fused along entire length; in lateral view, with a strong downward curve on apical 1/3, and several strong widely spaced setae along basal 2/3. Surstylus in lateral view, almost equilateral along its length, rounded at tip, sometimes slightly pinched at midpoint appearing digitiform, appearing fused with epandrium, when viewed dorsally straight and slender or with a slight sinusoidal curve, parallel at apices. Distiphallus either long and slender or short and stout, ranging from 1.5X to 2X as long as basiphallus and tubular, weakly tapering apically. Distiphallus, hinged at a strong acute angle with basiphallus, a synapomorphy of the Dexiinae.

Female as in male except in the following aspects: head: bearing 2–3 pairs of proclinate orbital setae, as well as 2–3 pairs of reclinate inner orbital setae; one pair of outer vertical setae present; thorax: meron bearing either typical meral setae not plumose blonde hairs as in male (Fig. 2d) or a mix of both plumose blonde hairs and regular setae (Fig. 2e); legs: can display dimorphic coloration from males; abdomen: slightly more globose than males, coloration of the abdomen can be dimorphic between the sexes; female terminalia were not dissected, however external examination showed these to be unspecialized.

Telothyria can be recognized most easily by the presence of long plumose hairs covering more than 50% of the thoracic surfaces, a trait that was historically used to unify the genera within the tribe. In males of the genus, and many of the females, the meral setae are also replaced with these plumose hairs. Characters of note within Telothyria are: prosternum bare; fronto-orbital plate haired; parafacial bare; arista ranging from plumose to bare; ocellar setae weakly developed or absent; eye bare; females of all species with two pairs of well-developed proclinate orbital setae, absent in males; first postsutural supra-alar seta poorly developed in length at most 0.5X second postsutural supra-alar; the three major setae of the postpronotum arranged in a straight line; most of the thorax covered in plumose blonde or coppery hairs (some species lack these setae dorsally) (Fig. 1); wings lacking costal spine. Abdomen with median marginal setae only on T4 and T5 (exception Telothyria omissa sp. n.), and discal setae absent.

From southeastern USA west to Mexico and south to Brazil.

Within the ACG inventory Telothyria has been reared from two families of lepidopteran hosts throughout the diverse ecosystems of the research area, Crambidae, and Tortricidae. Guimarães (1977), suggested Spodoptera sp. of the family Noctuidae, however he failed to identify the species of Telothyria and as such casts a doubt on this potential host.

Based on our observations of the apomorphies shared by the species assigned to the tribe Telothyriini, expressed as a result described herein, we propose the synonymy of all the genus-group names listed above within the tribe Telothyriini. Most recently, it has been suggested that the Telothyriini are a phylogenetically nested sub-clade within the Dexiinae (Stireman et al. 2019); this evidence, is still the subject of discussion, as the reconstruction of the Dexiinae is still unclear. So, for the sake of continuity, taking into account all the available evidence, and given the remarkable difference between Telothyria and other genera within the Dexiinae, the authors have chosen to maintain the Telothyriini as a monotypic tribe, until further examination is conducted to clarify its classification.

Male. Length: 5–9 mm (Fig. 3). Head (Fig. 3b): frons narrow, 1/5 of head width; frontal vitta prominent and visible 1/12 head width; gena 1/5 of head height; four reclinate orbital setae; anteriormost reclinate orbital almost equal to uppermost frontal seta; ocellar setae absent; outer vertical seta absent; fronto-orbital plate gold throughout inclusive of ocellar triangle; fronto-orbital plate with short blonde hairs interspersed among frontal setae; parafacial pale silver; facial ridge bare; palpus short digitiform, sparsely haired along outer margin; arista brown, distinctly thickened on basal 1/10, microtrichia at most 3X as long as width of arista; postpedicel entirely orange; postocular region behind margin of eye upper half gold, with lower half including gena silver tomentose; upper half of occiput gold tomentose. It should be noted that in the case of the holotype of Telothyria aidani sp. n. the type specimen has dented eyes, a feature not normally present in the species. However, due to the condition of the remainder of the series this specimen was chosen as the best representative. Thorax (Fig. 3a, c): golden tomentose, with one pair of distinct outer dorsal stripes, inner pair of stripes reaching up to halfway between insertion of first and second postsutural dorsocentral setae; thorax entirely covered in dense plumose blonde hairs; chaetotaxy: 4–5 postpronotal setae, basal setae arranged in a straight line; supra-alar setae 2:3; intra-alar setae 1:3; dorsocentral setae 3:3; acrostichal setae 3:3; katepisternum with three setae. Scutellum golden tomentose; two pairs of strong marginal setae (basal and subapical) and a small pair of crossed apical scutellar setae 1/5th as long as subapical scutellars; basal scutellar setae subequal in length to subapical setae; subapical setae straight; underside of scutellum bearing plumose blonde hairs below basal scutellar setae. Legs: foreleg and midleg all yellow ground color, with only tarsal segments brown; hindleg yellow ground color on coxa and proximal half of femur and dark brown extending from distal half of femur to tarsal segments; anterior leg tibia with irregularly sized fringe of equally spaced setae along anteroventral surface, with two posterodorsal setae. Wings: basicosta ivory white; all veins bare, with only 1–2 setulae at base of R₄₊₅.; calypters pale white translucent with a narrow yellowish fringe, upper calypter with a fringe of long setulae along margin. Abdomen (Fig. 3a, c): ground color yellow-orange; ST1+2 brown over medial 50%, with yellow ventrolaterally, extending into a longitudinal middorsal brown stripe terminating in a band along posterior edge of T4; T3–T5 with dense gold tomentum along anterior marginal 10%, thinning and extending over remainder of tergite; T5 orange ground color with gold tomentum, anterior edge of tergite with a slightly darker brown band and medial triangle; median marginal setae present only on T4 and T5; median discal setae absent. Male terminalia (Fig. 3d, e, f): Sternite 5 with a wide deeply separated median cleft, widely U-shaped, margins tomentose; lateral lobes of sternite rounded and blunt apically, outer margins covered in strong setae; basal section of sternite 5 2X as long as apical lobes. Cerci in posterior view sharply pointed, basally swollen along the basal 1/5, fused along entire length; medial undeveloped, entire structure narrow and needle-like spatha shaped. In lateral view cerci, with a strong beaklike downward curve, and several strong widely spaced setae along basal 1/5th. Surstylus in lateral view rounded and curved at tip, overall narrow digitiform in appearance; fused with epandrium; when viewed dorsally surstyli appear inwardly convergent with a very slight club or swelling apically. Distiphallus 3X as long as basiphallus and tubular, slightly pointed at apex.

Female. Length: 5–7 mm (Fig. 4). Head (Fig. 4b): as in male with the following exceptions: fronto-orbital plate 50% gold; parafacial brilliant silver; frons 1/4 of head width; three inner reclinate orbital setae; two proclinate orbital setae; outer vertical seta present; palpus short and clubbed. Thorax (Fig. 4a, c): katepisternum with three setae; meron with 6–7 typical meral setae. Legs: foreleg brilliant yellow ground color throughout; midleg and hindleg brilliant yellow ground color. Abdomen (Fig. 4a, c): ground color brown dorsally on ST1+2 and T3 with orange laterally; T4 entirely brown ground color; T5 as in male; marginal setae present on T4, T5 only.

Telothyria aidani sp. n. can be distinguished from all other Telothyria by the following combination of traits: ocellar setae absent, parafacial pale silver, postpedicel entirely orange, arista plumose on lower half with microtrichia at most 3X as wide as arista, facial ridge bare, thorax entirely covered in dense plumose blonde hairs. Differs from T. alexanderi by ST1+2 brown over medial 50%, in females abdominal coloration overall darker than that of females of T. alexanderi, ground color brown dorsally on ST1+2 and T3 with orange laterally, and T4 entirely brown ground color. CO1 barcode differs from Telothyria alexanderi by 1%.

Telothyria aidani sp. n. the new species is named in honor of my second son Aidan José Fleming. Just as we honor those who have worked before us, we must also recognize the potential of those who might continue our work and carry our legacy into the future.

Costa Rica, ACG, Guanacaste Province, 85–305 m elevation.

Telothyria aidani sp. n. has been reared 11 times from two species of Lepidoptera in the family Crambidae: Herpetogramma Janzen04 and Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775) in dry forest and dry-rain lowland intergrade.

Male. Length: 6 mm (Fig. 5). Head (Fig. 5b): frons narrow, 1/5 of head width; frontal vitta prominent and visible 1/12 head width; gena 1/5 of head height; 3–4 reclinate orbital setae; anteriormost reclinate orbital almost equal to uppermost frontal seta; ocellar setae absent; outer vertical seta absent; fronto-orbital plate gold throughout; fronto-orbital plate with short blonde hairs interspersed among frontal setae; parafacial pale silver; facial ridge bare; palpus short digitiform, sparsely haired along outer margin; arista plumose, brown, distinctly thickened on basal 1/10, microtrichia at most 3X as long as width of arista; postpedicel entirely orange; postocular region behind margin of eye upper half gold, with lower half including gena silver tomentose; upper half of occiput gold tomentose. Thorax (Fig. 5a, c): pale brassy-golden tomentose, with two distinct outer dorsal stripes, inner stripes reaching only slightly beyond suture, up to but not beyond insertion of first postsutural dorsocentral seta, these almost invisible through dense blonde hairs; thorax entirely covered in dense plumose blonde hairs; chaetotaxy: 4–5 postpronotal setae, basal setae arranged in a straight line; supra-alar setae 2:3; intra-alar setae 1:3; dorsocentral setae 3:3; acrostichal setae 3:3; katepisternum with three setae. Scutellum golden tomentose; two pairs of strong marginal setae (basal and subapical) and a small pair of crossed apical scutellar setae 1/5th as long as subapical scutellars; basal scutellar setae subequal in length to subapical setae; subapical setae straight; underside of scutellum bearing plumose blonde hairs below basal scutellar setae. Legs: foreleg and midleg all yellow ground color, with only tarsal segments brown; hindleg yellow ground color on coxa and proximal 2/3 of femur and dark brown extending from distal 1/3 of femur, with yellow tibia, and brown tarsal segments; anterior leg tibia with irregularly sized fringe of equally spaced setae along anteroventral surface, with two posterodorsal setae. Wings: basicosta ivory white; all veins bare, with only 1–2 setulae at base of R₄₊₅; calypters pale white translucent with a narrow yellowish fringe, upper calypter with a fringe of long setulae along margin. Abdomen (Fig. 5a, c): ground color yellow-orange; ST1+2 brown over medial 30%, with yellow ventrolaterally, extending into a longitudinal middorsal brown stripe terminating in a band along posterior edge of T4; T3–T5 with dense brassy-silver tomentum along anterior marginal 10%, thinning and extending over remainder of tergite; T5 orange ground color with gold tomentum, anterior edge of tergite with a slightly darker brown band and medial triangle; median marginal setae present only on T4 and T5; median discal setae absent. Male terminalia: not examined.

Female. Length: 6–8 mm (Fig. 6). Head (Fig. 6b): as in male with the following exceptions: fronto-orbital plate up to 50% gold; parafacial brilliant silver; frons 1/4 of head width; three inner reclinate orbital setae; two proclinate orbital setae; outer vertical seta present; palpus short and clubbed. Thorax (Fig. 6a, c): pale brassy-golden tomentose beneath golden hairs; meron with 5–7 typical meral setae. Legs: colored as in male. Abdomen (Fig. 6a, c): ground color orange entirely with a dorsocentral brown stripe along T3 and T4 and anterior 1/2 of T5; T5 as in male; marginal setae present on T4, T5 only.

Telothyria alexanderi sp. n. can be distinguished from all other Telothyria by the following combination of traits: ocellar setae absent, parafacial pale silver, postpedicel entirely orange, arista plumose on lower half with microtrichia at most 3X as long as width of arista, facial ridge bare, thorax entirely covered in dense plumose blonde hairs. Differs from T. aidani by ST1+2 brown over medial 30%, females generally lighter than those of T. aidani, with ground color orange entirely and a dorsocentral brown stripe along T3 and T4 and anterior 1/2 of T5. CO1 barcode differs from Telothyria aidani sp. n. by 1%.

Telothyria alexanderi sp. n. the new species is named in honor of my first son Alexander José Fleming, who inspires me everyday to continue to learn and strive to make this world a better place for the future.

Costa Rica, ACG, Guanacaste Province, 85–305 m elevation.

Telothyria alexanderi sp. n. has been reared five times from two species of Lepidoptera in the family Crambidae: Herpetogramma Janzen04 and Spoladea recurvalis in dry forest and dry-rain lowland intergrade.

Male. Length: 9–11mm (Fig. 7). Head (Fig. 7b): frons narrow, 1/7 of head width; frontal vitta narrow, but prominent and visible 1/48 head width; gena 1/10 of head height; three reclinate orbital setae; anteriormost reclinate orbital almost equal to uppermost frontal seta; ocellar setae reduced but present, at most hair-like; outer vertical seta absent; fronto-orbital plate pale brassy-gold throughout; fronto-orbital plate with short pale reddish blonde hairs interspersed among frontal setae; parafacial pale silver; facial ridge bare with at most 6–8 supravibrissal hairs extending 1/5 the facial ridge; palpus elongate and digitiform with slight upward turn apically, sparsely haired along outer margin; arista brown, smoothly tapered, microtrichia at most equal to width of arista; postpedicel entirely orange; postocular region behind margin of eye upper half gold, with lower half including gena silver tomentose; upper half of occiput gold tomentose. Thorax (Fig. 7a, c): brassy-gold tomentose, with four distinct dorsal stripes, outer pair light and diffuse but evident, inner pair extending midway between 1st and 2nd dorsocentral setae; thorax entirely covered in dense plumose blonde hairs (sometimes sparse on disc of scutum); chaetotaxy: 4–5 postpronotal setae, basal setae arranged in a straight line; supra-alar setae 2:3; intra-alar setae 2:2; dorsocentral setae 3:3; acrostichal setae 3:3; katepisternum with two setae. Scutellum gold tomentose; with plumose hairs along anterior margins only, disc of scutellum with only short black setulae; two pairs of strong marginal setae (basal and subapical) and a small pair of crossed apical scutellar setae 1/5th as long as subapical scutellars; basal scutellar setae subequal in length to subapical setae; subapical setae straight; underside of scutellum bearing plumose blonde hairs below basal scutellar setae. Legs: all legs with yellow ground color, midleg and hindleg appearing darker due to dense covering of black hairs; anterior leg tibia with regular fringe of equally spaced setae along anteroventral surface, with two posterodorsal setae. Wings: basicosta orange; all veins bare, with only 1–2 setulae at base of R₄₊₅; calypters pale white translucent, upper calyter with fringe of long white hairs. Abdomen (Fig. 7a, c): ground color dark brown dorsocentrally, with yellow lateroventrally apparent when viewed dorsally; ST1+2 dorsomedially dark brown over 3/5 with yellow laterally; T4 entirely dark brown ground color, and T5 entirely orange; T3–T5 with dense gold tomentum along anterior margin of tergite, diffusing over entire tergite appearing to have a golden sheen when viewed with the naked eye; T5 orange ground color with gold tomentum; a complete row of marginal setae on T4 and T5; median discal setae absent. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 with a wide deeply separated median cleft, widely U-shaped, margins tomentose; lateral lobes of sternite elongate, rounded and blunt apically, bearing many strong setae; basal section of sternite 5 .75X as long as apical lobes. Cerci in posterior view sharply pointed, basally swollen along the basal 2/3, fused along entire length; medial shoulder well developed, anterior 1/3 narrow and needle-like sharply tapered. In lateral view cerci, with a strong beaklike downward curve, and several strong widely spaced setae along basal 1/5th. Surstylus in lateral view rounded and curved at tip, overall narrow digitiform in appearance; fused with epandrium; when viewed dorsally surstyli appear inwardly convergent with a very slight club or swelling apically. Distiphallus 4X as long as basiphallus and tubular, slightly pointed at apex.

Female. Unknown at this time.

Telothyria auranticrus sp. n. can be distinguished from all other Telothyria by the following combination of traits: frons narrow, fronto-orbital plate pale brassy-gold throughout, parafacial pale silver, two katepisternal setae, thorax entirely covered in dense plumose blonde hairs, sometimes sparse on disc of scutum, T4 entirely dark brown, and T5 orange with gold tomentum.

Telothyria auranticrus sp. n. From the Latin adjective, “aurantium” for orange and the noun "crus" for leg, in reference to its bright orange legs.

Mexico, Veracruz Province, Lake Catemaco; San Luis Potosi Province, Xilitila.

Specimens hand collected two times, further ecology not available.

Male. Length: 10 mm (Fig. 8). Head (Fig. 8b): frons narrow, 1/6 of head width; frontal vitta narrow yet prominent and visible 1/24 head width; gena 1/11 of head height; 2–3 reclinate orbital setae; anteriormost reclinate orbital almost equal to uppermost frontal seta; ocellar setae absent; outer vertical seta absent; fronto-orbital plate silver throughout; fronto-orbital plate with short blonde hairs interspersed among frontal setae; parafacial pale silver; facial ridge bare; palpus short digitiform with slight upward turn apically, sparsely haired along outer margin; arista brown, apically orange, smoothly tapered, microtrichia at most as long as width of arista; postpedicel entirely orange; postocular region behind margin of eye including gena silver tomentose; occiput gold tomentose over upper 3/4. Thorax (Fig. 8a, c): gold tomentose, with two almost indistinct pairs of dorsal stripes, outer pair short extending up to 2nd postsutural dorsocentral, broken widely across suture, inner stripes short and slightly broken across suture, only extending up to 1st postsutural dorsocentral; thorax entirely covered in dense plumose blonde hairs; chaetotaxy: 4–5 postpronotal setae, basal setae arranged in a straight line; supra-alar setae 2:3; intra-alar setae 1:2; dorsocentral setae 3:4; acrostichal setae 3:3; katepisternum with three setae. Scutellum gold tomentose; two pairs of strong marginal setae (basal and subapical) and a small pair of crossed apical scutellar setae 1/5th as long as subapical scutellars; basal scutellar setae subequal in length to subapical setae; subapical setae straight; underside of scutellum bearing plumose blonde hairs below basal scutellar setae. Legs: foreleg yellow entirely, midleg dark along tibia and tarsal segments, hindleg with coxa and proximal half of femur yellow, and remainder dark brown in color; anterior leg tibia with regular fringe of equally spaced setae along anteroventral surface, with two posterodorsal setae. Wings: basicosta ivory white; all veins bare, with only 1–2 setulae at base of R₄₊₅; calypteres white translucent with a narrow yellowish fringe. Abdomen (Fig. 8a, c): ground color dark brown dorsocentrally, with yellow lateroventrally apparent when viewed dorsally; ST1+2 dorsomedially dark brown over 60%, with yellow laterally; T4 with anterior half of tergite yellow ground color, and caudal 1/2 dark brown ground color; T3–T5 with dense silver tomentum along anterior margin of tergite, diffusing over entire tergite, appearing to have a silver sheen when viewed with the naked eye; T5 orange ground color with silver tomentum; median marginal setae absent from T3 and a complete row of marginal setae on T4 and T5; median discal setae absent. Male terminalia: not examined.

Female. unknown at this time.

Telothyria auriolus sp. n. can be distinguished from all other Telothyria by the following combination of traits: frons narrow, fronto-orbital plate silver throughout, parafacial pale silver, three katepisternal setae, two postsutural intra-alar setae, basicosta ivory white, thorax entirely covered in dense plumose blonde hairs, median marginal setae absent from T3.

Telothyria auriolus sp. n. From the Latin adjective, “auriolus” meaning made of gold, in reference to its overall light color and its brilliant yellow legs.

Mexico, Chiapas Province, Palenque Ruins; Honduras, Atlantida, 950 m elevation.

Specimens hand collected five times at high elevations, further ecology not available.

Male. Length: 8–10 mm (Fig. 9). Head (Fig. 9b): frons narrow, 1/6 of head width; frontal vitta narrow yet prominent and visible 1/24 head width; gena 1/12 of head height; four reclinate orbital setae; anteriormost reclinate orbital subequal to uppermost frontal seta; ocellar setae reduced, almost absent; outer vertical seta absent; fronto-orbital plate pale brassy-gold throughout; fronto-orbital plate with short blonde hairs interspersed among frontal setae; parafacial pale silver; facial ridge bare; palpus elongate and slender digitiform with slight upward turn apically, sparsely haired along outer margin slightly darkened at tips; arista brown, smoothly tapered, microtrichia short at most as long as width of arista; postpedicel only 1/10 orange adjacent to pedicel; postocular region behind margin of eye upper 3/4 gold, with lower portion including gena silver tomentose; upper 3/4 of occiput gold tomentose. Thorax (Fig. 9a, c): dark ground color with brassy gold tomentum tomentose, with two pairs of distinct dorsal stripes, outer pair thick and prominent, inner pair extending up to second postsutural dorsocentral seta, when viewed from behind a fifth stripe appears dorsocentrally between postsutural acrostichal setae; thorax covered in dense plumose blonde hairs throughout; chaetotaxy: 4–5 postpronotal setae, basal setae arranged in a straight line; supra-alar setae 2:3; intra-alar setae 2:3; dorsocentral setae 3:3; acrostichal setae 4:3; katepisternum with two setae. Scutellum dark brown ground color, slightly gold tomentose; two pairs of strong marginal setae (basal and subapical) and a small pair of crossed apical scutellar setae 1/5th as long as subapical scutellars; basal scutellar setae subequal in length to subapical setae; subapical setae straight; underside of scutellum bearing plumose blonde hairs below basal scutellar setae. Legs: foreleg with yellow ground color covered in dark hairs giving tibia and tarsal segments an overall dark appearance; midleg and hind leg dark brown ground color, both with yellow coxa; anterior leg tibia with regular fringe of equally spaced setae along anteroventral surface, and 2–3 posterodorsal setae. Wings: basicosta beige/orange brown basally; wings brown slightly infuscate, all veins bare, with only 1–2 setulae at base of R₄₊₅; calypters brassy brown translucent, with a narrow yellowish fringe. Abdomen (Fig. 9a, c): ground color dark burnt orange to with brown medially apparent when viewed dorsally; ST1+2 dark over dorsomedial 50%, with yellow laterally and dark stripe laterally which continues along T3 and T4; T3–T5 with dense gold tomentum along anterior margin of tergite, diffusing over entire tergite appearing to have a golden sheen when viewed with the naked eye; T5 orange ground color with gold tomentum; median marginal setae on ST1+2–T3 and a complete row on T4 and T5; median discal setae absent. Male terminalia (Fig. 9d, e, f): Sternite 5 with a narrow deeply cloven median cleft, narrowly V-shaped, margins tomentose; lateral lobes of sternite elongate and subtriangular apically, outer margins covered in strong setae, overall appearance like rabbit ears; basal section of sternite 5 almost 1/2 as long as length of apical lobes. Cerci in posterior view sharply pointed with a strong rectangular shoulder, slightly longer than surstyli, fused along entire length; medial shoulder rounded and smoothly tapered, not abrupt as in other species. In lateral view cerci, with a strong downward bend, along apical 1/2, and several strong widely spaced setae along basal 1/3rd. Surstylus in lateral view narrow and digitiform rounded at tip; fused with epandrium; when viewed dorsally surstyli appearing straight and convergent. Basiphallus long and narrow, distiphallus 3X as long as basiphallus, weakly tapering apically.

Female. Unknown at this time.

Telothyria bicuspidata sp. n. can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of traits: frons narrow, fronto-orbital plate pale brassy-gold throughout, thorax covered in dense plumose blonde hairs throughout, two katepisternal setae, three postsutral intra-alar setae, wings slightly infuscate, calypters brassy brown, and median marginal setae present on ST1+2 and T3.

Telothyria bicuspidata sp. n. From the Latin prefix "bi-" meaning two, the noun, "cuspis" meaning tooth, and the suffix "ata" in reference to T5 resembling a pair of canine (cuspid) teeth.

Costa Rica, Puntarenas Province, Monteverde 1500 m elevation.

Specimens hand collected, six times from 1500 m, further ecology not available.

Female. Length: 6 mm (Fig. 10). Head (Fig. 10b): frons narrow, 1/3 of head width; frontal vitta narrow yet prominent and visible 1/12 head width; gena 1/10 of head height; three reclinate inner orbital setae uppermost reclinate orbital pair slightly convergent, and two proclinate orbital setae; ocellar setae absent; outer vertical seta present; fronto-orbital plate pale brassy-gold along upper third inclusive of ocellar triangle; fronto-orbital plate with short blonde hairs interspersed among frontal setae; parafacial brilliant silver; facial ridge bare; palpus apically clubbed and slightly upturned; arista brown, smoothly tapering to apical 1/8, microtrichia at most 1.5X as long as width of arista; postpedicel orange over at most 30% of surface, proximal to pedicel; postocular region behind margin of eye upper 1/3 gold, with lower 2/3 including gena silver tomentose; upper 1/3 of occiput gold tomentose. Thorax (Fig. 10a, c): light brown ground color covered with pale gold tomentum, with four distinct thoracic stripes outer pair broken across suture; plumose blonde hairs absent from disc of scutum; chaetotaxy: 5–6 postpronotal setae, basal setae arranged in a straight line; supra-alar setae 2:3; intra-alar setae 2:2; dorsocentral setae 3:3; acrostichal setae 3:3; katepisternum with three setae; meron lacking plumose hairs with 4–5 typical meral setae. Scutellum brassy-gold tomentose; underside of scutellum bearing plumose blonde hairs; two pairs of strong marginal setae (basal and subapical) and a small pair of crossed apical scutellar setae 1/8–1/10th as long as subapical scutellars; basal scutellar setae subequal in length to subapical setae; subapical setae straight; underside of scutellum bearing plumose blonde hairs below basal scutellar setae. Legs: foreleg ground color yellow over coxa, femur, and tibia, tarsal segments appearing darker due to covering of dark hairs; midleg and hindleg with yellow coxa, and remainder dark brown entirely; anterior leg tibia with irregularly sized, tapered fringe of equally spaced setae along basal half of anteroventral surface, one posterodorsal seta. Wings: basicosta ivory white; all veins bare, with only one setula at base of R₄₊₅; calypters pale white translucent. Abdomen (Fig. 10a, c): ground color mostly brown with yellow-orange present ventrolaterally; ST1+2–T4 with gold tomentum at tergal margin changing to silver tomentum extending over up to 50% of tergite; T5 brown along anterior margin with yellow apically, tergite covered with silver tomentum along anterior 50%; marginal setae present on T4 and T5; median discal setae absent.

Male. Unknown at this time.

Telothyria carolinacanoae sp. n. can be distinguished from all other Telothyria by the following combination of traits: ocellar setae absent, plumose blonde hairs absent from disc of scutum, katepisternum with three setae, two postsutural intra-alar setae, and T1+2–T4 with gold tomentum at tergal margin changing to silver tomentum extending over up to 50% of tergite, ground color mostly brown with yellow-orange present ventrolaterally.

Telothyria carolinacanoae sp. n. is named in recognition of Carolina Cano's outstanding work on the team that conducts the caterpillar and parasite inventory from ACG’s Estación Biológica San Gerardo.

Costa Rica, ACG, Guanacaste Province, 292m elevation.

Telothyria carolinacanoae sp. n. has been reared once from a single species of Lepidoptera in the family Crambidae: Herpetogramma phaeopteralis, in rain forest.

Male. Length: 10–11mm (Fig. 11). Head (Fig. 11b): frons narrow, 1/5 of head width; gena 1/8 of head height; two reclinate orbital setae; anteriormost reclinate orbital almost equal to uppermost frontal seta; ocellar setae absent, or apparently absent; outer vertical seta absent; fronto-orbital plate brassy-gold throughout; fronto-orbital plate with short black hairs interspersed among frontal setae; parafacial brassy-gold, almost concolorous with fronto-orbital plate; facial ridge bare; palpus long slender digitiform with slight upward turn apically, sparsely haired along outer margin; arista orange-brown, smoothly tapered, microtrichia at most 3X as long as width of arista, concolorous with postpedicel; postpedicel only 30% orange, directly adjacent to pedicel; postocular region behind margin of eye including gena gold tomentose; occiput dark grey to silver tomentose. Thorax (Fig. 11a, c): pale brassy tomentose, with four thick and distinct dorsal stripes, bearing a basal dark dorsomedial stripe on postsutural scutum directly adjacent to scutellum; plumose blonde hairs absent from disc of scutum, punctuated on anepisternum at base of postpronotum with a spot of long brown plumose hairs, dorsally thorax densely covered in black hairs; chaetotaxy: 4–5 postpronotal setae, basal setae arranged in a straight line; supra-alar setae 2:3; intra-alar setae 2:3; dorsocentral setae 3:3; acrostichal setae 4:4; katepisternum with three setae. Scutellum dark brown ground color with brassy tomentosity along margin 20%; two pairs of strong marginal setae (basal and subapical) and a small pair of crossed apical scutellar setae 1/5th as long as subapical scutellars; basal scutellar setae subequal in length to subapical setae; subapical setae straight; underside of scutellum bearing regular non-plumose black hairs below basal scutellar setae. Legs: all legs dark brown ground color; anterior leg tibia with regular fringe of equally spaced setae along anteroventral surface, one posterodorsal setae. Wings: basicosta brown; all smoky-brown slightly infuscate all veins bare, with only one setula at base of R₄₊₅; calypters brassy brown, lower calypter with a narrow yellow fringe, upper calypter with a narrow brown fringe. Abdomen (Fig. 11a, c): ground color bright orange, with orange to maroon spots apparent when viewed dorsally; ST1+2 maroon over dorsomedial 40%, T3 and T4 each with only some dark brown spots present dorsomedially; light silver tomentum along T3–T5, extending over entire tergite appearing to have a silver sheen when viewed with under certain angles of light; T5 orange ground color with a slightly darker apex and a light silver tomentum; median marginal setae present only on T4 and T5; median discal setae absent. Male terminalia (Fig. 11d, e, f): Sternite 5 with a wide deeply excavated median cleft, smoothly V-shaped, margins covered in dense pollinosity; lateral lobes of sternite rounded apically, with a group of strong setulae along outer margins; basal section of sternite 5 subequal to slightly longer than length of apical lobes. Cerci in posterior view sharply pointed triangular sharply widening to a rectangular shoulder along the basal section, equal in length to surstyli, fused along entire length; in lateral view, with a slight downward angle on apical 1/3; when viewed dorsally entire genital capsule can be said to be quite hirsute bearing several strong setulae throughout. Surstylus in lateral view, almost equilateral along its length rounded and downwardly curved at tip, appearing digitiform; surstylus appearing fused with epandrium; when viewed dorsally surstyli appear slender with a slight inward curve at apices. Pregonite short and not very well developed, apically rounded, bare. Postgonite, elongate and slender, sharply pointed at its tip, subequal in length to pregonite. Basiphallus long and slender, as a short humplike process. Distiphallus subequal in length to basiphallus and tubular, slightly pointed at apex.

Female. Unknown at this time.

Very distinctive species of Telothyria can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of traits: ocellar setae absent, or apparently absent, fronto-orbital plate and parafacial pale brassy-gold, with four thick and distinct dorsal stripes, bearing a basal dark dorsomedial stripe on postsutural scutum directly adjacent to scutellum, plumose blonde hairs absent from disc of scutum, punctuated on anepisternum at base of postpronotum with a spot of long brown plumose hairs, dorsally thorax densely covered in black hairs, katepisternum with three setae, and entire abdomen bright orange.

Telothyria clavata sp. n. From the Latin noun, “clavus” for the stripes on the tunics of Roman senators, in reference to the uniquely bold dorsal stripes.

Costa Rica, Puntarenas Province, Monteverde 1400–1500 m elevation.

Specimens hand collected once, ecology not available.

Male. Length: 7–9 mm (Fig. 12). Head (Fig. 12b): frons narrow, 1/6 of head width; gena 1/8 of head height; three reclinate orbital setae; anteriormost reclinate orbital almost equal to uppermost frontal seta; ocellar setae absent; outer vertical seta absent; fronto-orbital plate brassy-gold throughout; vertex and ocellar triangle black; fronto-orbital plate with short blonde hairs interspersed among frontal setae; parafacial pale brassy-gold; facial ridge bare; palpus short digitiform with slight upward turn apically, sparsely haired along outer margin; arista brown, smoothly tapered, microtrichia at most 3X as long as width of arista; postpedicel only 30% orange, directly adjacent to pedicel; postocular region behind margin of eye including upper hald of gena gold tomentose, lower half of gena silver tomentose; upper 1/4 of occiput gold tomentose. Thorax (Fig. 12a, c): gray tomentose, with two almost indistinct outer dorsal stripes, and inner stripes not evident; thorax laterally covered in dense plumose blonde hairs; chaetotaxy: 4–5 postpronotal setae, basal setae arranged in a straight line; supra-alar setae 1:3; intra-alar setae 1:2; dorsocentral setae 3:3; acrostichal setae 3:3; katepisternum with three setae. Scutellum gray tomentose; two pairs of strong marginal setae (basal and subapical) and a small pair of crossed apical scutellar setae 1/5th as long as subapical scutellars; basal scutellar setae subequal in length to subapical setae; subapical setae straight; underside of scutellum bearing regular non-plumose black hairs below basal scutellar setae. Legs: all legs dark brown ground color throughout; anterior leg tibia with irregularly sized fringe of equally spaced setae along anterodorsal surface, one posterodorsal seta. Wings: basicosta dark brown, wing slightly infuscate, almost imperceptibly so, amber color overall; all veins bare, with only 1–2 setulae at base of R₄₊₅; calypters cinereous translucent with a thin brown fringe on lower calypter. Abdomen (Fig. 12a, c): ground maroon apparent when viewed dorsally with dark burnt orange color along lateral surfaces; ST1+2 maroon over 90%, with yellow spots, T3 and T4 each with some orange present ventrolaterally; T3–T5 with dense silver tomentum along extending over entire tergite appearing to have a silver sheen when viewed with the naked eye; T5 maroon ground color with gold tomentum; median marginal setae present only on T4 and T5; median discal setae absent. Male terminalia (Fig. 12d, e, f): Sternite 5 with an extremely wide and deeply separated median cleft, V-shaped, margins tomentose; lateral lobes of sternite outwardly pointed subtriangular apically, outer margins covered in a crest of strong setae; basal section of sternite 5 1/3 as long as length of apical lobes. Cerci in posterior view sharply pointed along apical half, basal half rectangular with a widened shoulder medially, equal in length to surstyli, fused along entire length. In lateral view cerci, with a strong downward curve, and several strong widely spaced setae along basal 2/3rds. Surstylus in lateral view bluntly rounded at tip, slightly downwardly pointed but not curved, overall digitiform in appearance; fused with epandrium; when viewed dorsally surstyli appear robust and straight with a very slight club apically. Basiphallus short and stout and stout, distiphallus subequal to in length to basiphallus, weakly tapering apically.

Female. Length: 5–7 mm (Fig. 13). Head (Fig. 13b): as in male with the following exceptions: ocellar triangle dark brassy; fronto-orbital plate gray; parafacial silvery–gray; frons 1/5 of head width; 2–4 inner reclinate orbital setae; two proclinate orbital setae; outer vertical seta present; palpus long and clubbed bare apically. Thorax (Fig. 13a, c): katepisternum with three setae; meron with 9–12 typical meral setae and some long blonde hairs along anterior edge. Legs: colored as in male. Abdomen (Fig. 13a, c): ground color as in male; T3–T5 with silver tomentum along anterior edge of tergites; T5 as in male; marginal setae present on T4, T5 only.

Telothyria cristata sp. n. can be distinguished from all other Telothyria by the following combination of traits: ocellar setae absent, parafacial entirely gold, silvery–gray in females, postpedicel only 30% orange, directly adjacent to pedicel, thorax with only two outer stripes evident, plumose blonde hairs absent from disc of scutum, abdominal ground color dark maroon to blackish under certain angles of light, with dark orange lateroventrally from ST1+2–T5, and T5 maroon with silver tomentum. T. cristata differs from its closest congener T. cupreiventris Van der Wulp, by the presence of orange along the lateral surfaces of the abdomen in both males and females.

Telothyria cristata sp. n. From the Latin adjective “cristatum” meaning crested, in reference to the crest of hairs that line ST5 in the male terminalia.

Costa Rica, ACG, Alajuela Province, 360–500 m elevation.

Telothyria cristata sp. n. has been reared six times from six species of Lepidoptera in the family Crambidae: Pilemia Janzen42, Pilemia periusalis, Piletosoma thialis, Desmia benealisDHJ02, Herpetogramma Solis11 in dry forest, rain forest, and dry-rain lowland intergrade.

Telothyria cupreiventris van der Wulp, 1890: 169 in key [also 1890: 182 in description]. Lectotype male [not female as published, Townsend 1931: 91] (BMNH), by fixation of Townsend (1931: 91). Type locality: Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa.

Male. Length: 7–9 mm (Fig. 14). Head (Fig. 14b): frons narrow, 1/5 of head width; gena 1/15 of head height; 3–4 reclinate orbital setae; anteriormost reclinate orbital almost subequal to uppermost frontal seta; ocellar setae absent; outer vertical seta absent; fronto-orbital plate brassy-gold throughout; fronto-orbital plate with short reddish hairs interspersed among frontal setae; parafacial pale brassy-gold; facial ridge bare; palpus short digitiform with slight upward turn apically, sparsely haired along outer margin; arista brown, smoothly tapered, microtrichia at most 3X as long as width of arista; postpedicel only 30% dark burnt-orange, directly adjacent to pedicel. Thorax (Fig. 14a, c): gray tomentose, with two almost indistinct outer dorsal stripes, and inner stripes not evident, these truncated and only slightly evident; thorax laterally covered in dense plumose reddish-brown hairs; chaetotaxy: 4–5 postpronotal setae, basal setae arranged in a straight line; supra-alar setae 2:3; intra-alar setae 1:2; dorsocentral setae 3:3; acrostichal setae 3:3; katepisternum with 3–5 setae. Scutellum reddish-brown glabrous, lacking any obvious tomentum; two pairs of strong marginal setae (basal and subapical) and a small pair of crossed apical scutellar setae 1/5th as long as subapical scutellars; basal scutellar setae subequal in length to subapical setae; subapical setae straight. Legs: all legs dark brown ground color throughout. Wings: smoky brown infuscate; basicosta dark brown; all veins bare, with only 1–2 setulae at base of R₄₊₅. Abdomen (Fig. 14a, c): ground color dark maroon apparent when viewed dorsally; ST1+2–T5 maroon throughout, lacking any yellow or orange spots; T3–T5 with dense silver tomentum extending over entire tergite appearing to have a silver sheen when viewed with the naked eye; T5 maroon ground color with gold tomentum; median marginal setae present only on T4 and T5; median discal setae absent. Terminalia: not examined.

Female. Length: 5–7 mm (Fig. 15). Head (Fig. 15b): as in male with the following exceptions: fronto-orbital plate gray; parafacial silvery–gray; frons 1/5 of head width; 2–4 inner reclinate orbital setae; two proclinate orbital setae; outer vertical seta present; palpus long and clubbed bare apically. Thorax (Fig. 15a, c): katepisternum with three setae; meron with 9–12 typical meral setae. Legs: colored as in male. Abdomen (Fig. 15a, c): ground color as in male; T3–T5 with silver tomentum along anterior edge of tergites; T5 as in male; marginal setae present on T4, T5 only.

Telothyria cupreiventris can be distinguished from all other Telothyria by the following combination of traits: ocellar setae absent, parafacial entirely gold, silvery–gray in the female, postpedicel only 30% dark burnt-orange, directly adjacent to pedicel, thoracic stripes truncated and only slightly evident, plumose hairs on thorax absent from disc of scutum, lateral plumose hairs reddish-brown mixed with blonde, abdominal ground color dark maroon appearing blackish under certain angles of light, without any traces of orange lateroventrally, and T5 with silver tomentum. Telothyria cupreiventris differs from T. cristata by the entirely maroon abdomen, and its reddish-brown plumose hairs present on lateral surfaces of thorax.

Mexico, Tabasco and Veracruz.

Ecology of Telothyria cupreiventris van der Wulp unknown.

Female. Length: 5 mm (Fig. 16). Head (Fig. 16b): frons 1/3 of head width; gena 1/10 of head height; three pairs of reclinate inner orbital setae uppermost pair slightly convergent, and two proclinate orbital setae; ocellar setae minimal but present; outer vertical seta present; fronto-orbital plate pale brassy-gold along upper half inclusive of ocellar triangle; fronto-orbital plate with short blonde hairs interspersed among frontal setae; lower half of fronto-orbital plate and entire parafacial brilliant silver; facial ridge bare; palpus bearing a very slight apical club and slightly upturned; arista brown, apically turning almost orange at base, smoothly tapering to apical 1/8, microtrichia shorter than width of arista; postpedicel orange over at most 30% of surface; postocular region behind margin of eye upper 2/3 gold, with lower 1/3 including gena silver tomentose; upper 3/4 of occiput gold tomentose. Thorax (Fig. 16a, c): brassy-gold tomentose, with four distinct thoracic stripes outer pair broken across suture; thorax covered in dense plumose blonde hairs laterally; chaetotaxy: four postpronotal setae, basal setae arranged in a straight line; supra-alar setae 2:3; intra-alar setae 2:3; dorsocentral setae 3:3; acrostichal setae 3: (unknown as holotype is damaged); katepisternum with three setae; meron lacking plumose hairs with six typical meral setae. Scutellum brassy-gold tomentose; two pairs of strong marginal setae (basal and subapical) and a small pair of parallel apical scutellar setae 1/8–1/10th as long as subapical scutellars; basal scutellar setae subequal in length to subapical setae; subapical setae convergent; underside of scutellum bearing plumose blonde hairs below basal scutellar setae. Legs: foreleg with yellow ground color on coxa and femur, tibia and tarsal segments darkened due to hair covering; midleg and hindleg with yellow coxae, pale brown femur, and dark brown remainder; anterior leg tibia with regular fringe of equally spaced setae along anteroventral surface, one posterodorsal setae. Wings: basicosta beige; all veins bare, with only one setula at base of R₄₊₅, present on both dorsal and ventral surfaces; calypters pale white translucent. Abdomen (Fig. 16a, c): holotype female abdomen damaged, making the discerning of features difficult. Ground color dark brown dorsally with yellow-orange present ventrolaterally; T1+2–T4 with gold-silver tomentum extending over up to 50% of tergite; T4 entirely dark brown in ground color; T5 with a bronze-brown tomentum, and dark brown ground color basally turning orange apically; marginal setae present on T4 and T5; median discal setae absent.

Male. Unknown at this time.

Telothyria diniamartinezae sp. n. can be distinguished from all other Telothyria by the following combination of traits: ocellar setae minimal but present, plumose hairs on thorax absent from disc of scutum, katepisternum with three setae, three postsutural intra-alar setae, legs with yellow coxa, T4 entirely dark brown, and T5 mostly dark brown with orange apically and covered in bronze-brown tomentum.

Telothyria diniamartinezae sp. n. is named in recognition of Dinia Martinez's outstanding work on the team that conducts the caterpillar and parasite inventory from ACG’s Estación Biológica Quica.

Costa Rica, ACG, Alajuela Province, 400 m elevation.

Telothyria diniamartinezae sp. n. has been reared once from a single species of Lepidoptera in the family Crambidae: Neoleucinodes Janzen02, in rain forest.

Male. Length: 8 mm (Fig. 17). Head (Fig. 17b): frons narrow, 1/5 of head width; gena 1/12 of head height; three reclinate orbital setae uppermost reclinate orbital pair slightly convergent; anteriormost reclinate orbital subequal in length to uppermost frontal seta; ocellar setae absent; outer vertical seta absent; ocellar triangle and fronto-orbital plate dark gold; fronto-orbital plate with short brown to black hairs interspersed among frontal setae; parafacial gold; facial ridge bare; palpus digitiform, apically terminating in a small bulbous club; arista brown, smoothly tapering to apical 1/8, microtrichia at most 1.5X as long as width of arista; pedicel orange and postpedicel orange over 60% of surface; postocular region behind margin of eye including gena gold tomentose; upper half of occiput gold tomentose, postgena silver tomentose. Thorax (Fig. 17a, c): brassy-gold tomentose, with two distinct outer dorsal stripes broken across suture, and two short inner stripes extending up to first postsutural dorsocentral seta; thorax covered in dense plumose blonde hairs laterally, plumose hairs on disc of scutum sparse, and mixed in with short black hairs; chaetotaxy: five postpronotal setae, basal setae arranged in a straight line; supra-alar setae 2:3; intra-alar setae 2:3; dorsocentral setae 3:3; acrostichal setae 3:3; katepisternum with three setae. Scutellum brassy-gold tomentose; two pairs of strong marginal setae (basal and subapical) and a small pair of crossed apical scutellar setae 1/8–1/10th as long as subapical scutellars; basal scutellar setae subequal in length to subapical setae; subapical setae straight; underside of scutellum bearing plumose blonde hairs below basal scutellar setae. Legs: foreleg ground color yellow on coxa and femur, appearing darker from tibia to tarsi; both midleg and hindleg dark brown entirely, with yellow coxae; anterior leg tibia with regular fringe of equally spaced setae along anteroventral surface, with one posterodorsal setae. Wings: basicosta brown; all veins bare, with only one setula at base of R₄₊₅; calypters pale translucent with thin slightly orange fringe. Abdomen (Fig. 17a, c): ground color appearing brown-black dorsally with yellow-orange ventrolaterally; ST1+2 brown over medial 50%, with yellow ventrolaterally, extending into a longitudinal middorsal brown stripe bisected by a brown band along posterior edges of T3 and T4; T1+2–T4 with dense brassy tomentum extending over entire tergite; T5 brown ground color changing to dark orange apically, covered with gold tomentum; marginal setae present on T4 1/2 as long as those present on and T5; median discal setae absent. Male terminalia: not examined.

Female. Length: 6 mm (Fig. 18). Head (Fig. 18b): as in male with the following exceptions: fronto-orbital plate pale brassy gold over upper 50%; parafacial brilliant silver; frons 1/3 of head width; two inner reclinate orbital setae; two proclinate orbital setae; outer vertical seta present; palpus apically clubbed and distinctly upturned. Thorax (Fig. 18a, c): katepisternum with three setae; meron with only 10–12 typical meral setae. Legs: foreleg coxa with yellow ground color, femur yellow on ventral half, dark gray on posterior surfaces, yellow ground color but appearing darker from tibia to tarsal segments; both midleg and hindleg black throughout, with yellow coxae; anterior leg tibia with irregular tapered fringe of equally spaced setae along basal half of anteroventral surface, 2–3 anterodorsal setae, and 1–2 strong posterodorsal seta. Abdomen (Fig. 18a, c): ST1+2 and T3 50% brown dorsally, with yellow lateroventrally, T4 entirely brown, and T5 yellow-orange entirely.

Telothyria duniagarciae sp. n. can be distinguished from all other Telothyria by the following combination of traits: ocellar setae absent, arista brown, with microtrichia at most 1.5X as long as width of arista, pedicel orange and postpedicel orange over 60% of surface, parafacial gold, silver in females, thorax covered in dense plumose blonde hairs laterally, plumose hairs on disc of scutum present yet sparse, and mixed in with short black hairs, katepisternum with three setae, legs yellow, abdominal ground color yellow-orange, and T5 yellow with silver tomentum.

Telothyria duniagarciae sp. n. is named in recognition of Dunia Garcia's outstanding work on the team that conducts the caterpillar and parasite inventory from ACG’s Estación Biológica Cacao.

Costa Rica, ACG, Alajuela and Guanacaste Provinces, 121–410 m elevation.

Telothyria duniagarciae sp. n. has been reared three times from two species of Lepidoptera in the families Crambidae and Depressariidae: Ategumia Solis01, and Filinota Janzen154 respectively, in rain forest.

Female. Length: 5 mm (Fig. 19). Head (Fig. 19b): frons narrow, 1/4 of head width; gena 1/10 of head height; three reclinate inner orbital setae uppermost reclinate orbital pair slightly convergent, and two proclinate orbital setae; ocellar setae absent; outer vertical seta present; fronto-orbital plate pale brassy-gold along upper third inclusive of ocellar triangle; fronto-orbital plate with short blonde hairs interspersed among frontal setae; parafacial brilliant silver, posterior half of gena concolorous silver tomentose; facial ridge bare; palpus apically clubbed and slightly upturned; arista brown, smoothly tapering to apical 1/8, microtrichia at most 1.5X as long as width of arista; pedicel orange, postpedicel orange over at most 30% of surface; postocular region behind margin of eye upper 1/3 gold, with lower 2/3 including gena silver tomentose; upper 1/3 of occiput gold tomentose. Thorax (Fig. 19a, c): brassy-gold tomentose dorsally, grey laterally, with four distinct thoracic stripes outer pair broken across suture; thorax covered in dense plumose blonde hairs laterally, short black hairs dorsally; chaetotaxy: 4–5 postpronotal setae, basal setae arranged in a straight line; supra-alar setae 2:3; intra-alar setae 2:3; dorsocentral setae 3:3; acrostichal setae 3:3; katepisternum with three setae; meron lacking plumose hairs with 4–5 typical meral setae. Scutellum brassy-gold tomentose; two pairs of strong marginal setae (basal and subapical) and a small pair of crossed apical scutellar setae 1/8–1/10th as long as subapical scutellars; basal scutellar setae subequal in length to subapical setae; subapical setae straight; underside of scutellum bearing plumose blonde hairs below basal scutellar setae. Legs: foreleg with yellow ground color throughout; midleg and hindleg bearing yellow coxae with dark yellow-brown femur, tibia, and tarsal segments; anterior leg tibia with regular tapered fringe of equally spaced setae along basal 1/3 of anteroventral surface, at most 3–4 setae and one strong posterodorsal seta. Wings: basicosta beige, with slight darkening to pale brown towards wing insertion; all veins bare, with only one setula at base of R₄₊₅; calypters pale white translucent with a pale beige fringe. Abdomen (Fig. 19a, c): ground color mostly brown with yellow-orange present ventrolaterally; T1+2–T4 with gold tomentum at tergal margin changing to silver tomentum extending over up to 50% of tergite; T5 black marroon along anterior margin with yellow apically, tergite covered with silver tomentum along anterior 50%; marginal setae present on T4 and T5; median discal setae absent.

Male. Unknown at this time.

Telothyria duvalierbricenoi sp. n. can be distinguished from all other Telothyria by the following combination of traits: ocellar setae absent, fronto-orbital plate mostly silver, pale brassy-gold along upper third inclusive of ocellar triangle, plumose hairs on thorax absent from disc of scutum, thorax brassy-gold tomentose dorsally, grey laterally, katepisternum with three setae, legs dark reddish-brown, abdominal ground color yellow-orange, and T5 black marroon along anterior margin with yellow apically, entirely covered in silver tomentum. Differentiates from Telothyria insularis Curran with its entirely silver gena, the presence of four thin dorsal stripes on the thorax, and the color of the coxae.

Telothyria duvalierbricenoi sp. n. is named in recognition of Duvalier Briceño's outstanding work on managing the caterpillar and parasite inventory from his home and rearing barn in Brasilia, Alajuela Province. Costa Rica.

Costa Rica, ACG, Alajuela Province, 109 m elevation.

Telothyria duvalierbricenoi sp. n. has been reared once times from a single species of Lepidoptera in the family Crambidae: Salbia cassidalis (Guenée, 1854), in rain forest.