Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomic paper
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Corresponding author:
Academic editor: Miguel Alonso-Zarazaga
Received: 15 Feb 2015 | Accepted: 07 Apr 2015 | Published: 14 Apr 2015
© 2015 Stylianos Chatzimanolis
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Chatzimanolis S (2015) A review of the genus Scaponopselaphus Scheerpeltz (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4735. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4735
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The genus Scaponopselaphus Scheerpeltz was originally described to accommodate the species Trigonopselaphus mutator Sharp.
In this paper, I review Scaponopselaphus and describe a new species from Colombia as Scaponopselaphus diaspartos n. sp. Illustrations are provided for the identification of specimens and the presence of spatulate setae on first mesotarsomere is shown to be a unique characteristic of Scaponopselaphus within Xanthopygina.
Xanthopygina, Staphylininae, Staphylinini, neotropics.
Between 1870 and 1940, the genus Trigonopselaphus Gemminger and Harold was treated as a dumping ground for species with securiform labial palpomere 3 and metallic coloration. Eventually species were moved out of Trigonopselaphus and into other genera such as Gastrisus Sharp, Nausicotus Sharp, and Torobus Herman (see
In this paper, I review the genus Scaponopselaphus Scheerpeltz. Scaponopselaphus was described (
Photographs were taken using a Visionary Digital Passport System with a Canon EOS 40D camera and MP-E 65 lens. Images were automontaged using Helicon Focus 6.2.2. SEM photographs were taken using a Neoscope JEOL desktop SEM and processed using the Fluid Mask 3 software. All specimens were examined using an Olympus SZX10 stereomicroscope. Measurements were made using an ocular micrometer. Width: length ratio measurements were made on the widest and longest parts of the structure. The comparison between the length of the median lobe and the paramere excludes the bulbous basal part of the median lobe. Total body length is measured from the anterior margin of frons to the posterior margin of tergite VIII. Terminology and label data follow the procedure established by
Depositories:
Scaponopselaphus Scheerpeltz, 1972: 38
Redescription: Habitus as in Fig.
Head transverse (Figs
Antenna (Fig.
Mouthparts. Labrum (Fig.
Pronotum subquadrate (Fig.
Elytra subequal to pronotum; with confluent or almost confluent punctures and large setae; with micropunctures but no other microsculpture; elytra appearing shining. Hind wings fully developed. Mesoventrite (Fig.
Legs. Tarsal segmentation 5-5-5; pro- and mesofemur in both sexes with ctenidium ventrally and proximally; meso- and metatibia with multiple rows of spurs; protibia without multiple rows of spurs but with single row of spurs apically. Protarsus (Fig.
Scaponopselaphus mutator (Sharp).
Abdomen with paired protergal glands present; expanding from segment III to segment V (widest) and then becoming narrower towards segment VIII. Abdominal tergites III-V (Fig.
Male and Female Genitalia. Aedeagus typical of Xanthopygina (Figs
Scaponopselaphus can be distinguished from all other genera in Xanthopygina by the combination of the following characters: (1) Head with distinctive microsculpture (Fig.
Known from the state of Pará in Brazil, the department of Vaupés in Colombia, the province of Sucumbios in Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, the departments of Loreto and Madre de Dios in Peru and from Suriname (Fig.
Specimens of Scaponopselaphus have been collected from wet tropical lowlands, however, further details on their habitat are unkown since almost all taxa have been collected with malaise or flight intercept traps. It is possible that the genus prefers forested habitats near rivers based on recent collecting events.
Habitus as in Fig.
Head transverse, width: length ratio = 1.47; surface of epicranium flat; with medium-sized umbilicate punctures throughout surface except medially, distance between punctures varies but typically equals diameter of puncture. Eyes large, length of eyes / length of head = 0.58, distance between eyes as wide as 1.44 times length of eye.
Pronotum subquadrate, width: length ratio = 1.13; with scattered large umbilicate punctures, distance between punctures varies but typically equals 0.5-1 times diameter of puncture. Mesoscutellum with medium-sized punctures, punctures not confluent. Elytra with large, almost confluent punctures; each row with approximately 11 punctures (measured at middle of elytron). Abdominal tergites III-V with strongly delineated curved (arch-like) carina.
Secondary sexual structures. Males with posterior border of sternite VII with deep U-shaped emargination; sternite VIII with deep, broad U-shaped emargination medially; sternite IX with deep V-shaped emargination medially. Females with no obvious secondary sexual structures. Aedeagus as in Fig.
Scaponopselaphus diaspartos can be distinguished from S. mutator based on the following characters: epicranium flatter and distance between eyes longer in S. diaspartos than in S. mutator; pronotum punctation more dense in S. diaspartos than in S. mutator (Fig.
The specific epithet is derived from the modern Greek word διάσπαρτος (scattered) and refers to the distribution of the peg setae on the parameres. The epithet is a noun in apposition.
Known from Vaupés, Colombia.
Trigonopselaphus mutator Sharp, 1876: 144
Habitus as in Fig.
Head transverse, width: length ratio = 1.38; surface of epicranium flat to slightly convex; with medium-sized umbilicate punctures throughout the surface except medially, distance between punctures varies but typically equals 1-2 times of puncture. Eyes large, length of eyes / length of head = 0.68, distance between eyes as wide as 1.28 times length of eye.
Pronotum subquadrate, width: length ratio = 1.10; with scattered large umbilicate punctures, distance between punctures varies but typically equals diameter of puncture. Mesoscutellum with confluent medium-sized punctures. Elytra with large, confluent punctures; each row with approximately 15 punctures (measured at middle of elytron). Abdominal tergites III-V with weakly delineated curved (arch-like) carina.
Secondary sexual structures (Fig.
See the Diagnosis of S. diaspartos.
Known from the state of Pará in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, the department of Loreto in Peru and from Suriname
These two specimens look rather similar to S. mutator, however, I am unable to place them in that species without male specimens from the same locality.
In the recently completed molecular phylogeny of Xanthopygina, Scaponopselaphus was shown to be the sister group of Elmas Blackwelder (
Scaponopselaphus does not appear to be very common in collections around the world. During the last 15 years, I was able to locate the genus only in the four museum collections listed in the Materials and Methods sections as depositories, even though I have visited most major museums in North America and Europe. However, I doubt that the genus is rare in the field and it is more likely that we have not sampled adequately at the correct habitat. Based on recent collecting events, it appears that Scaponopselaphus is easily collected with flight intercept traps in localities near rivers and it is quite likely that many more new species are awaiting discovery in South America.
I thank the curators and the collections managers of the collections listed in the material and methods section for the loan of specimens. I thank all reviewers and the subject editor for comments that improved this paper. The Natural History Museum of London allowed me to photograph the holotype of S. mutator, they retain the copyright of the photographs.