Biodiversity Data Journal :
Data Paper (Biosciences)
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Corresponding author: Marcos Paulo Alves de Sousa (msousa@museu-goeldi.br), Alexandre Bragio Bonaldo (bonaldo@museu-goeldi.br)
Academic editor: Adriano Kury
Received: 19 Oct 2019 | Accepted: 20 Dec 2019 | Published: 31 Dec 2019
© 2019 Valéria da Silva, Manoel Aguiar-Neto, Dan Teixeira, Cleverson Santos, Marcos de Sousa, Timoteo da Silva, Lorran Ramos, Alexandre Bragio Bonaldo
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
da Silva VJ, Aguiar-Neto MB, Teixeira DJST, Santos CRM, de Sousa MPA, da Silva TM, Ramos LAR, Bragio Bonaldo A (2019) Harvestmen occurrence database (Arachnida, Opiliones) of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e47456. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e47456
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We present a dataset with information from the Opiliones collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Northern Brazil. This collection currently has 6,400 specimens distributed in 13 families, 30 genera and 32 species and holotypes of four species: Imeri ajuba Coronato-Ribeiro, Pinto-da-Rocha & Rheims, 2013, Phareicranaus patauateua Pinto-da-Rocha & Bonaldo, 2011, Protimesius trocaraincola Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997 and Sickesia tremembe Pinto-da-Rocha & Carvalho, 2009. The material of the collection is exclusive from Brazil, mostly from the Amazon Region. The dataset is now available for public consultation on the Sistema de Informação sobre a Biodiversidade Brasileira (SiBBr) (https://ipt.sibbr.gov.br/goeldi/resource?r=museuparaenseemiliogoeldi-collection-aracnologiaopiliones). SiBBr is the Brazilian Biodiversity Information System, an initiative of the government and the Brazilian node of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), which aims to consolidate and make primary biodiversity data available on a platform (
Harvestmen or Opiliones constitute the third largest arachnid order, with approximately 6,500 described species. Brazil is the holder of the greatest diversity in the world, with more than 1,000 described species, 95% (960 species) of which are endemic to the country. Of these, 32 species were identified and deposited in the collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi.
Amazon, arachnology, database, Opiliones, occurrence
The Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) is the second oldest, with a preserved collection, institution of research and natural history of Brazil and the oldest zoo of the country (
One of the largest collections of invertebrates of MPEG is the collection of Arachnology and its subcollections, amongst which are the Opiliones collection, which receive and preserve material evidence on the taxonomic, biogeographic and ecological diversity of these organisms, including specimens and associated data and metadata collected in the field, for research and educational purposes.
Harvestmen or Opiliones constitute the third largest arachnid order (
Despite the fact that the MPEG invertebrate collections are nearly as old as the institution itself, the Opiliones collection (Fig.
The North, Northwest and central areas of Brazil are not as well sampled regarding harvestmen as the South and Southwest portions of the country (
Coari, in the state of Amazonas, where the largest number of specimens of the collection were collected, is an important city for the investigation of development in Amazon, anthropic impacts and energy producing and where a large number of studies have been made in diverse areas of knowledge (
The objective of this datapaper is to characterise the MPEG Harvestmen collection data, synthesising data to serve as reference and a font of accessible information from part of the Brazilian biodiversity. Data is published through SiBBr: https://ipt.sibbr.gov.br/goeldi/resource?r=museuparaenseemiliogoeldi-collection-aracnologiaopiliones.
The specimens are preserved in fluid (alcohol 80%). The Opiliones collection of MPEG has received collections from many scientists who used various sampling methods. Sampling methods included pitfall traps, entomological beating trail, Malaise trap, Winkler apparatus, Swiping net, fogging, sieve, manual collection, as well as incidental encounters (see
The taxonomic organisation of the collection followed the Classification of Opiliones provided by
The collection includes specimens only from Brazil. Most samples come from the Amazon Region, from the following states: Pará (n = 1,378 vials), Amazonas (n = 1,338 vials), Rondônia (n = 13 vials) and Amapá (n = 4 vials). Other Brazilian States represented in the collection include: Piauí (n = 10 vials), Mato Grosso (n = 3 vials), Ceará (n = 2 vials) and Pernambuco (n = 1 vial). Most specimens were captured in Base de Operações Geólogo Pedro de Moura, Porto Urucu, Coari, Amazonas and in the Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Melgaço and Portel, Pará (Fig.
In relation to the richness of species for each state, Pará has the highest number of species (n = 20) recorded in the collection, while Amazonas has 13 species, Amapá, Rondônia, Piauí and Mato Grosso each have one species. The species Saramacia lucasae Jim & Soares, 1991 (
; .
The MPEG Opiliones collection includes approximately 6,400 specimens, distributed in 2,789 vials, represented by two suborders (Eupnoi and Laniatores), 13 families, 30 genera and 32 species. However, the number of species may be increased by adding the taxonomic information of material currently identified only at supraspecific levels (approximately 3,400 specimens). The most common suborder is Laniatores with 2,369 vials. Amongst these, there are 39 type specimens, of which four are holotypes and 35 are paratypes. All type specimens, included in the collection, are detailed below.
List of species with holotype and paratype in the collection:
Imeri ajuba Coronato-Ribeiro, Pinto-da-Rocha & Rheims, 2013 (
List of species with only paratype in the collection:
Stygnus kuryi Pinto-da-Rocha & Tourinho, 2012, Stygnus nogueirai Pinto-da-Rocha & Tourinho, 2012 and Stygnoplus tapirapeco Pinto-da-Rocha & Tourinho, 2012 (
Taxonomic ranks:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Arachnida
Order: Opiliones
Family: Agoristenidae, Biantidae, Cosmetidae, Cranaidae, Fissiphalliidae, Gonyleptidae, Kimulidae, Manaosbiidae, Samoidae, Sclerosomatidae, Stygnidae, Stygnommatidae, Zalmoxidae Fig.
Rank | Scientific Name |
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kingdom | Animalia |
phylum | Arthropoda |
class | Arachnida |
order | Opiliones |
family | Agoristenidae |
family | Biantidae |
family | Cosmetidae |
family | Cranaidae |
family | Fissiphalliidae |
family | Gonyleptidae |
family | Kimulidae |
family | Manaosbiidae |
family | Samoidae |
family | Sclerosomatidae |
family | Stygnidae |
family | Stygnommatidae |
family | Zalmoxidae |
Specimens in the collection date from 1965 to 2009 (Fig.
Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License
This collection currently has 6,400 specimens distributed in 13 families, 30 genera and 32 species. The full database is available via the Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT) of Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (version 6.1 published in 2018-07-26)
Column label | Column description |
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occurrenceID | An identifier for the Occurrence |
dcterms:modified | The most recent date-time on which the resource was changed |
dcterms:licence | A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource |
dcterms:rightsHolder | A person or organisation owning or managing rights over the resource |
institutionCode | The name (or acronym) in use by the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record |
datasetName | The name identifying the dataset from which the record was derived |
basisOfRecord | The specific nature of the data record - a subtype of the dcterms:type |
catalogNumber | An identifier for the record within the dataset or collection |
recordedBy | A list of names of people, groups or organisations responsible for recording the original Occurrence |
preparations | A list of preparations and preservation methods for a specimen |
otherCatalogNumbers | A list of previous or alternate fully qualified catalogue numbers or other human-used identifiers for the same Occurrence |
EventDate | The date-time or interval during which an Event occurred |
higherGeography | A list of geographic names less specific than the information captured in the locality term |
continent | The name of the continent in which the Location occurs |
country | The name of the country or major administrative unit in which the Location occurs |
stateProvince | The name of the next smaller administrative region than country |
county | The full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than stateProvince |
typeStatus | A list of nomenclatural types |
scientificName | The full scientific name |
kingdom | The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified |
phylum | The full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the taxon is classified |
class | The full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified |
order | The full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified |
family | The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified |
genus | The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified |
specificEpithet | The name of the first or species epithet of the scientificName |
infraspecificEpithet | The name of the lowest or terminal infraspecific epithet of the scientificName, excluding any rank designation |
collectionCode | The name, acronym, coden or initialism identifying the collection or dataset from which the record was derived |
Data publication protocol
To the publication of the data of the Opiliones collection, we used a consolidated protocol of data publication of the Goeldi Museum, previously adopted in collections of Ichthyology (
Curatorship and storage
The curatorial protocol involves receiving material that is identified and labelled, while data and metadata are digitised. The materials are deposited in the collection and air-conditioned to 22°C. The specimens are immersed in 80% alcohol solution for permanent storage.
The authors would like to thank MPEG Biogeo-Informatics Department who helped processing the data. We thank the Programa de Capacitação Institucional (MPEG/MCTIC) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifíco e Tecnológico, CNPq (grant number 300124/2018-0 to VJS; 300836/2018-0 to DJST; PQ grant 304965/2012-0 to ABB) and CRMS thanks Sistema de Informação sobre a Biodiversidade Brasileira (SiBBr) for the financial support (CNPq project numbers 401901/2014-9; 442021/2016-0) and to Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP. Project number 1343/13).