Biodiversity Data Journal :
Single Taxon Treatment
|
Corresponding author: Menno Schilthuizen (menno.schilthuizen@naturalis.nl), Iva Njunjić (info@taxonexpeditions.com)
Academic editor: Kenneth Hayes
Received: 21 Oct 2019 | Accepted: 05 Feb 2020 | Published: 20 Feb 2020
© 2020 Menno Schilthuizen, Jonathan Lim, Anthonie van Peursen, Massimiliano Alfano, Awang Bikas Jenging, Daniele Cicuzza, Alexandre Escoubas, Pierre Escoubas, Ulmar Grafe, Jamil Ja, Peter Koomen, Aleks Krotoski, Denise Lavezzari, Laura Lim, Rudie Maarschall, Ferry Slik, Derek Steele, Dennis Teck Wah Ting, Ine van Zeeland, Iva Njunjić
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Schilthuizen M, Lim JP, van Peursen ADP, Alfano M, Jenging AB, Cicuzza D, Escoubas A, Escoubas P, Grafe U, Ja J, Koomen P, Krotoski A, Lavezzari D, Lim L, Maarschall R, Slik F, Steele D, Ting DTW, van Zeeland I, Njunjić I (2020) Craspedotropis gretathunbergae, a new species of Cyclophoridae (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda), discovered and described on a field course to Kuala Belalong rainforest, Brunei. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e47484. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e47484
|
Terrestrial Caenogastropoda form an important but threatened component of the Borneo tropical rainforest malacofauna, where the group is nearly as rich in species as the Stylommatophora. They are, however, more sensitive to drought, temperature extremes and forest degradation.
On a field course at Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre in Brunei Darussalam (Borneo), a new caenogastropod species, belonging to the genus Craspedotropis, was discovered by the course participants. The participants decided to name the species Craspedotropis gretathunbergae n. sp., in honour of the climate change activist Greta Thunberg, as caenogastropod land snails, such as this species, are likely to suffer because of climate change.
Land snails, Borneo, lowland dipterocarp rainforest, new species
Although Mollusca is, after Arthropoda, the second-most species-rich animal phylum on land (at least in terms of described species), their species numbers are only moderately high compared with the arthropods (
We are using field courses to several biodiversity hotspots in the world for such a purpose and we use the term 'taxon expeditions' for this (
In this paper, we describe a new species from the large caenogastropod family Cyclophoridae. In the Southeast Asian tropics, non-Stylommatophora (i.e. Neritopsina and Caenogastropoda) comprise nearly half of the total malacofauna. These snails are, however, more sensitive to habitat disturbance than the Stylommatophora. Studies of malacofauna conservation biology on limestone hills in Sabah have previously shown (
The description of the new cyclophorid that follows is the concerted effort of untrained ‘citizen scientists’ working together in a field lab. The specific epithet was decided upon during a voting session, in which participants could suggest and vote for scientific names.
We collected living snails by hand, at night, amongst vegetation along the left (south) bank of the Belalong river, 50 m downstream of Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre. Specimens were sorted to putative morphospecies and then further examined morphologically with a dissection microscope with 10× and 20× eye pieces. Photographs and video were made either with a smartphone through the eyepiece of a microscope or on a translucent white acrylic sheet with a Nikon D800e fitted with a Laowa 25 mm ultra-macro lens. Drawings were made based on the photographs. Specimens were deposited in the collection of the University of Brunei Darussalam Museum (UBDM).
Craspedotropis
Spire (Fig.
Aperture (Fig.
Operculum (Figs
Body (Fig.
Genitalia: Not studied.
Amongst the Bornean cyclophorids, Craspedotropis gretathunbergae n. sp. is most similar to C. borneensis (
We name this species in honour of the young climate activist Greta Thunberg, because caenogastropod microsnails from tropical rainforests, like this new species, are very sensitive to the droughts and temperature extremes that are likely to be more frequent as climate change continues. Via mutual contacts, we have approached Ms. Thunberg and learned that she would be 'delighted' to have this species named after her.
Following Recommendation 51C of the Code (
Borneo: Brunei Darussalam: Temburong District: Ulu Temburong lowland rainforest.
In tropical mixed dipterocarp lowland rainforest. All individuals were found alive at the foot of a steep hill-slope, next to a river bank, foraging at night on the upper surfaces of green leaves of understorey plants, up to 1 m above ground level.
The generic classification of minute cyclophorids in Southeast Asia is somewhat confused. The genera Craspedotropis
All work described in this paper (fieldwork, morphological study, microphotography, taxonomic description and diagnosis) was carried out in a field centre with basic equipment and no internet access, by untrained ‘citizen scientists’ guided by expert scientists, on a 10-day taxon expedition. While we are aware that this way of working has its limitations in terms of the quality of the output (for example, we were unable to perform dissections or to do extensive literature searches), the benefits include rapid species discovery and on-site processing of materials.
We gratefully acknowledge Mr. Rodzay Wahab, Dyg. Hajah Roshanizah binti Haji Rosli, Mr. Mohammad Salleh and Mr. Teddy Chua at Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre (KBFSC) for support and staff at the Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Research for assistance in organising the field course. This field course was carried out under permit UBD/AVC/-RI/1.21.1[a] from Universiti Brunei Darussalam. We appreciate the help provided by Bart Van Camp and George Monbiot in making contact with Greta Thunberg.
All authors participated in the collecting of the specimens. MS & JL prepared the description of Craspedotropis gretathunbergae. AE, PE, AvP prepared the photographs. MS wrote the draft manuscript. All authors read, commented on and approved the manuscript.
This collection of short clips shows one of the paratype individuals actively crawling on a dead leaf. Some of the soft parts (tentacles, proboscis, foot) are visible, as well as the operculum and details of the shell.