Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomic Paper
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Corresponding author: Kar-Hoe Loh (khloh@um.edu.my)
Academic editor: Felipe Ottoni
Received: 23 Oct 2019 | Accepted: 01 Dec 2019 | Published: 06 Dec 2019
© 2019 Jianguo Du, Kar-Hoe Loh, Wenjia Hu, Xinqing Zheng, Yang Amri Affendi, Jillian Lean Sim Ooi, Zhiyuan Ma, Mohammed Rizman-Idid, Albert Apollo Chan
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Du J, Loh K-H, Hu W, Zheng X, Amri AY, Ooi JLS, Ma Z, Rizman-Idid M, Chan AA (2019) An updated checklist of the marine fish fauna of Redang Islands, Malaysia. Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e47537. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e47537
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Redang Islands Marine Park consists of nine islands in the state of Terengganu, Malaysia. Redang Island is one of the largest off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, which is famous for its crystal-clear waters and white sandy beaches. The ichthyofauna of the Redang archipelago was surveyed by underwater visual observations between August 2016 and May 2018. Census data were compiled with existing records into the checklist of the marine fish of the Redang archipelago presented herein. A total of 314 species belonging to 51 families were recorded. The most speciose families (Pomacentridae, Labridae, Scaridae, Serranidae, Apogonidae, Carangidae, Gobiidae, Chaetodontidae, Lutjanidae, Nemipteridae and Siganidae) were also amongst the most speciose at the neighbouring Tioman archipelago (except Chaetodontidae). The coral fish diversity index value for the six families of coral reef fishes (Chaetodontidae, Pomacanthidae, Pomacentridae, Labridae, Scaridae and Acanthuridae) of the study sites was 132. We estimated that there were 427 coral reef fish species in the Redang archipelago. According to the IUCN Red List, eight species are Near Threatened (Carcharhinus melanopterus, Chaetodon trifascialis, Choerodon schoenleinii, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, E. polyphekadion, Plectropomus leopardus, Taeniura lymma and Triaenodon obesus), eleven are Vulnerable (Bolbometopon muricatum, Chaetodon trifasciatus, Chlorurus sordidus, Dascyllus trimaculatus, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, E. polyphekadion, Halichoeres marginatus, Heniochus acuminatus, Nebrius ferrugineus, Neopomacentrus cyanomos and Plectropomus areolatus) and three are Endangered (Amphiprion clarkia, Cheilinus undulatus and Scarus ghobban) in the Redang archipelago.
Five species are new records for Malaysia (Ctenogobiops mitodes, Epibulus brevis, Halichoeres erdmanni, H. richmondi and Scarus caudofasciatus) and 25 species are newly recorded in the Redang archipelago.
Coral Fish Diversity Index, fish diversity, ichthyofauna, new record species
Redang archipelago is located about 45 km to the northeast of Kuala Terengganu and it has a surface area of about 2,484 ha, making it the largest of the nine islands within the Redang archipelago. The Redang archipelago comprises the islands of Redang, Pinang, Ling, Ekor Tebu, Kerengga Besar, Kerengga Kechil, Paku Besar, Paku Kechil and Lima (Fig.
The coral reefs of the Redang Islands are amongst the best on the east coast of Malaysia and are generally in good condition. Reef Check Malaysia has established an annual survey programme in Redang to assess the health of coral reefs since 2011. In 2016, the study showed that the reefs around Redang Islands are considered to be in “Good” condition, with live coral cover of 55.42%, which is above the average of 43.71% for reefs in Malaysia (
A total of 209 species and 92 genera from 40 families of fish were reported from Redang Islands Marine Park by
A total of 10 sites in the Redang archipelago (Fig.
The diversity of coral reef fish was estimated using the coral fish diversity index (CFDI) for restricted small areas as proposed by
The checklist is arranged alphabetically by class, order and family and then species in families are arranged alphabetically by genera and then species name. The newly recorded species from Malaysia are marked with an asterisk (*) and species newly recorded in the Redang archipelago are marked with ±. The following abbreviations are used: standard length (SL); total length (TL); kilometres (km); hectares (ha); synonyms (s); misidentification (m). For habitats types: coastal shore (CS); shallow reef (SR); reef-associated (RFA), demersal (DEM); pelagic (PEL). Other remarks:
There were 140 species belonging to 36 families recorded in our survey, of which, five species represent new records in Malaysia (Ctenogobiops mitodes, Epibulus brevis, Halichoeres erdmanni, H. richmondi and Scarus caudofasciatus) and 25 species represent new records in the Redang archipelago (Table
Subclass, Order, Family, Genus and species | Habitat types | Threat to humans | IUCN status | Other remarks |
Elasmobranchii |
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Order Carcharhiniformes | ||||
Family CARCHARHINIDAE (Requiem shark) | ||||
Carcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) | PEL, RFA | Traumatogenic | NT | [2000, 2001, 2019] |
Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell, 1837) | PEL, RFA | Traumatogenic | NT | [2000] |
Order Orectolobiformes | ||||
Family GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE (Nurse shark) | ||||
Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831) | CS, RFA | Traumatogenic | VU | [2000] |
Order Myliobatiformes | ||||
Family DASYATIDAE (Stingray) | ||||
Himantura sp. | [2000] | |||
Taeniura lymma (Forsskål, 1775) | RFA | Venomous | NT | [2000; 2001, 2011, 2019] |
Actinopteri | ||||
Order Acanthuriformes | ||||
Family ACANTHURIDAE (Surgeonfish) | ||||
Acanthurus dussumieri Valenciennes, 1835 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | SR, RFA | Venomous | [2000] | |
Acanthurus sp. | LC | [2001] | ||
Naso lituratus (Forster, 1801) | SR, RFA | Venomous | LC | [2000, 2001] |
Naso unicornis (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000] |
Family POMACANTHIDAE (Angelfish) | ||||
Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus (Bloch, 1787) | RFA | LC | [2000, 2019; 2001, s: Chaetodontoplus mesoleucas] | |
Pomacanthus annularis (Bloch, 1787) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2011, 2019] | |
±Pomacanthus imperator (Bloch, 1787) | SR | LC | [2019] | |
Pomacanthus sexstriatus (Cuvier, 1831) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Pomacanthus xanthometopon (Bleeker, 1853) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Family SIGANIDAE (Rabbitfish) | ||||
Siganus argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) | SR, RFA | Venomous | LC | [2000] |
Siganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797) | SR, RFA | Venomous | LC | [2001] |
Siganus corallinus (Valenciennes, 1835) | SR, RFA | Venomous | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] |
Siganus guttatus (Bloch, 1787) | SR, RFA | Venomous | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] |
Siganus javus (Linnaeus, 1766) | SR, RFA | Venomous | DD | [2011, 2019] |
Siganus puellus (Schlegel, 1852) | SR, RFA | Venomous | LC | [2000, 2001] |
Siganus punctatus (Schneider & Forster, 1801) | SR, RFA | Venomous | LC | [2011, 2019] |
Siganus spinus (Linnaeus, 1758) | SR, RFA | Venomous | LC | [2000] |
Siganus vermiculatus (Valenciennes, 1835 | SR, RFA | Venomous | LC | [2000, 2001] |
Siganus virgatus (Valenciennes, 1835) | SR, RFA | Venomous | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] |
Siganus vulpinus (Schlegel & Müller, 1845) | SR, RFA | Venomous | LC | [2000, 2019; 2001, s: Siganus vulpinis] |
Family ZANCLIDAE (Moorishn idol) | ||||
Zanclus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000; 2001, s: Zinclus cornutus] | |
Order Acropomatiformes | ||||
Family PEMPHERIDAE (Sweeper) | ||||
Pempheris oualensis Cuvier, 1831 | SR, RFA | [2000; 2019] | ||
Pempheris schwenkii Cuvier, 1855 | SR, RFA | [2000] | ||
Pempheris vanicolensis Bleeker, 1877 | SR, RFA | [2001] | ||
Order Anguilliformes | ||||
Family MURAENIDAE (Moray eel) | ||||
±Gymnothorax fimbriatus (Bennett, 1832) | SR, RFA | LC | [2019] | |
Gymnothorax javanicus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000, 2019] |
Order Aulopiformes | ||||
Family SYNODONTIDAE (Lizardfishes) | ||||
Synodus variegatus (Lacepède, 1803) | CS, RFA | LC | [2001, 2019] | |
Synodus sp. | [2000] | |||
Order Beloniformes | ||||
Family HEMIRAMPHIDAE (Halfbeaks) | ||||
Hemiramphus sp. | [2001] | |||
Hyporhamphus affinis (Güther, 1866) | SR, PEL | [2001, s: Hyporhampus affinis] | ||
Order Blenniiformes | ||||
Family BLENNIIDAE (Blennies) | ||||
±Aspidontus taeniatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1834 | SR, RFA | LC | [2019] | |
Atrosalarias fuscus (Rüppell, 1838) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Ecsenius bicolor (Day, 1888) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2019] | |
Ecsenius lineatus Klausewitz, 1962 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Ecsenius yaeyamaensis (Aoyagi, 1954) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Meiacanthus grammistes (Valenciennes, 1836) | SR, RFA | Venomous | LC | [2000] |
Plagoitremus rhinorhynchos (Bleeker, 1852) | SR, RFA | [2001, s: Plagoitremus rhinorhincus] | ||
Salarias sp. | [2001] | |||
Family TRIPTERYGIIDAE (Threefin, triplefin blennies) | ||||
Helcogramma striata Hansen, 1986 | SR, RFA | LC | [2011, 2019] | |
Order Centrarchiformes | ||||
Family KYPHOSIDAE (Rudderfish) | ||||
Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | Poisonous to eat | DD | [2001] |
Kyphosus sp. | [2000] | |||
Family TERAPONTIDAE (Grunts, tigerperches) | ||||
Terapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775) | CS, DEM | LC | [2001] | |
Order Gobiesociformes | ||||
Family GOBIESOCIDAE (Clingfish) | ||||
±Diademichthys lineatus (Sauvage, 1883) | SR, RFA | LC | [2019] | |
Order Gobiiformes | ||||
Family GOBIIDAE (Gobies) | ||||
±Amblyeleotris rubrimarginata Mohlmann & Randall, 2002 | SR, RFA | [2019] | ||
Amblyeleotris steinitzi (Klausewitz, 1974) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001] | |
Amblygobius phalaena (Valenciennes, 1837) | SR, RFA | [2001] | ||
Cryptocentrus cinctus (Herre, 1936) | SR, RFA | [2000, 2001] | ||
Ctenogobiops pomastictus Lubbock & Polunin, 1977 | SR, RFA | [2001, s: Ctenogobius pomastictus] | ||
*±Ctenogobiops mitodes Randall, Shao & Chen, 2007 | SR, RFA | [2019] | ||
±Eviota sebreei Jordan & Seale, 1906 | SR, RFA | LC | [2019] | |
±Exyrias bellissimus (Smith, 1959) | SR, RFA | LC | [2019] | |
Istigobius decoratus (Herre, 1927) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001] | |
Istigobius goldmanni (Bleeker, 1852) | SR, RFA | [2011, 2019] | ||
Istigobius nigroocellatus (Günther, 1873) | SR, RFA | [2011, 2019] | ||
Valenciennea longipinnis (Lay & Bennett, 1839) | SR, RFA | [2001] | ||
Valenciennea muralis (Valenciennes, 1837) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001] | |
Valenciennea sexguttata (Valenciennes, 1837) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, 2019] | |
Family MICRODESMIDAE (Dartfish) | ||||
Gunnelichthys monostigma Smith, 1958 | SR, RFA | [2000] | ||
Order Gonorynchiformes | ||||
Family CHANIDAE (Milkfish) | ||||
Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775) | CS, RFA | [2001] | ||
Order Holocentriformes | ||||
Family HOLOCENTRIDAE (Soldier, squirrelfish) | ||||
±Myripristis hexagona (Lacepède, 1802) | SR, RFA | LC | [2019] | |
Myripristis kuntee Valenciennes, 1831. | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, s: Myriptis kuntee] | |
Myripristis murdjan (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000] |
±Sargocentron cornutum (Bleeker, 1854) | SR, RFA | Venomous | LC | [2019] |
Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | Venomous | LC | [2011, 2019] |
Sargocentron praslin (Lacepède, 1802) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Sargocentron sp. | [2001] | |||
Order Mugiliformes | ||||
Family MUGILIDAE (Mullet) | ||||
Crenemugil crenilabis (Forsskål, 1775) | CS, RFA | [2001] | ||
Order Perciformes *sedis mutablis* | ||||
Family APOGONIDAE (Cardinalfishes) | ||||
Apogon aureus (Lacepède, 1802) | SR, RFA | [2001] | ||
Cheilodipterus artus Smith, 1961 | SR, RFA | [2000] | ||
Cheilodipterus intermedius Gon, 1993 | SR, RFA | [2001] | ||
Cheilodipterus macrodon (Lacepède, 1802) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000; 2001, m: Cheilodipterus heptaxona, s: Cheilodipterus microdon; 2019] | |
Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus Cuvier, 1828 | SR, RFA | [2000, 2001, 2011, 2019] | ||
Ostorhinchus chrysopomus (Bleeker 1854) | SR | [2001, s: Apogon crysopomus] | ||
Ostorhinchus compressus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1911) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, s: Apogon compressus; 2019] | |
Ostorhinchus cookii (Macleay, 1881) | SR, RFA | DD | [2000, s: Ostorhinchus cookie] | |
Ostorhinchus cyanosoma (Bleeker, 1853) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, s: Apogon cyanosoma] | |
±Ostorhinchus wassinki (Bleeker, 1860) | SR, RFA | [2019] | ||
Pristicon rhodopterus (Bleeker, 1852) | SR, RFA | [2001, s: Apogon rhodopterus] | ||
Taeniamia fucata (Cantor, 1849) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, s: Archaima fucata; 2019] | |
Taeniamia macroptera (Cuvier, 1828) | SR, RFA | [2001, s: Archaima macroptera; 2019] | ||
Taeniamia zosterophora (Bleeker, 1856) | SR, RFA | [2000, s: Archamia zoesterophora; 2001, s: Cheilodipterus zosterophora; 2019] | ||
Family CAESIONIDAE (Fusilier) | ||||
Caesio caerulaurea Lacepède, 1801 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Caesio cuning (Bloch, 1791) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Caesio teres Seale, 1906 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2019] | |
Caesio xanthonota Bleeker, 1853 | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, s: Caesio xanthonata] | |
Pterocaesio chrysozona (Cuvier, 1830) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Pterocaesio marri Schultz, 1953 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2019] | |
Family CARANGIDAE (Jack, pompanos) | ||||
Alepes melanoptera (Swainson, 1839) | PEL | LC | [2011, 2019] | |
Alepes sp. | [2001] | |||
Carangoides bajad (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2019] | |
Carangoides chrysophrys (Cuvier, 1833) | SR, RFA | [2000, s: Carangoides chrysophys] | ||
Carangoides gymnostethus (Cuvier, 1833) | SR, RFA | DD | [2000] | |
Caranx melampygus Cuvier, 1833 | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000] |
Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 | SR, RFA | [2000] | ||
Caranx tille Cuvier, 1833 | SR, RFA | [2000] | ||
Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000] |
Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001] | |
Scomberoides lysan (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001] | |
Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier, 1833) | SR, RFA | LC | [2011, 2019] | |
Trachinotus bailloni (Lacepède, 1801) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001] | |
Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède, 1801) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000] |
Family ECHENEIDAE (Remoras) | ||||
Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758 | RFA | DD | [2000, 2019] | |
Family EPHIPPIDAE (Spadefishes) | ||||
Platax teira (Forsskål, 1775) | CS, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Platax sp. | [2000] | |||
Family GERREIDAE (Mojarrs) | ||||
Gerres oyena (Forsskål, 1775) | CS, RFA | LC | [2001] | |
Family HAEMULIDAE (Sweetlips) | ||||
Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell, 1838) | SR, RFA | [2000] | ||
±Pletorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède, 1801 | SR, RFA | [2019] | ||
Plectorhinchus chrysotaenia (Bleeker, 1855) | SR, RFA | [2001, s: Plectorhinchus celebicus] | ||
Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède, 1802) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000, 2001] |
Plectorhinchus lessonii (Cuvier, 1830) | SR, RFA | [2000, s: Plectorhinchus lessoni] | ||
Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Family LETHRINIDAE (Emperors) | ||||
Lethrinus erythropterus Valenciennes, 1830 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Lethrinus microdon Valenciennes, 1830 | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000] |
Lethrinus olivaceus Valenciennes, 1830 | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000, 2001] |
Lethrinus ornatus Valenciennes, 1830 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Lethrinus sp. | [2001] | |||
Family LUTJANIDAE (Snapper) | ||||
Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000, 2001] |
Lutjanus bohar (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000] |
Lutjanus decussatus (Cuvier, 1828) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, 2019] | |
Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000] |
Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch, 1790 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Lutjanus quinquelineatus (Bloch, 1790) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, 2019] | |
Lutjanus russellii (Bleeker, 1849) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, s: Lutjanus russelli; 2019] | |
Lutjanus vitta (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Macolor niger (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001] | |
Family MONODACTYLIDAE (Monos, Moonyfishes) | ||||
Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758) | CS, PEL | DD | [2000, 2019; 2001, s: Monodactylus argentius] | |
Family MULLIDAE (Goatfish) | ||||
Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (Lacepède, 1801) | SR, RFA | DD | [2000] | |
Parupeneus ciliatus (Lacepède, 1802) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Parupeneus indicus (Shaw, 1803) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Upeneus tragula Richardson, 1846 | CS, RFA | LC | [2000, 2019] | |
Family NEMIPTERIDAE (Threadfin breams) | ||||
Pentapodus caninus (Cuvier, 1830) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001] | |
Pentapodus emeryii (Richardson, 1843) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Scolopsis affinis Peters, 1877 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019]. | |
Scolopsis bilineata (Bloch, 1793) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, s: Scolopsis bilineatus; 2019] | |
Scolopsis ciliata (Lacepède, 1802) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, s: Scolopsis ciliates; 2019] | |
Scolopsis lineata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, s: Scolopsis lineatus; 2019] | |
Scolopsis margaritifer (Cuvier, 1830) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2019; 2001, s: Scolopsis margaritifera] | |
Scolopsis monogramma (Cuvier, 1830) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2011, 2019] | |
Scolopsis trilineata Kner, 1868 | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, s: Scolopsis trilineatus] | |
Scolopsis vosmeri (Bloch, 1792) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Family PRIACANTHIDAE (Bigeyes) | ||||
Priacanthus blochii Bleeker, 1853 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Priacanthus hamrur (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Family PSEUDOCHROMIDAE (Dottyback) | ||||
Pseudochromis fuscus Müller & Troschel, 1849 | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, s: Pseudocromis fuscus] | |
Family SERRANIDAE (Grouper) | ||||
Aethaloperca rogaa (Forsskål, 1775). | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Cephalopholis boenack (Bloch, 1790) | SR, RFA | [2001, 2019] | ||
Cephalopholis cyanostigma (Valenciennes, 1828) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, 2019] | |
Cephalopholis formosa (Shaw, 1812) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, 2019; 2001, s: Cephalopholis formosus] | |
Cephalopholis microprion (Bleeker, 1852) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001] | |
Cephalopholis miniata (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Diploprion bifasciatum Cuvier, 1828 | SR, RFA | LC | [2001] | |
Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000, 2019; 2001, s: Ephinephelus fasciatus] |
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | VU | [2001, s: Ephinephelus fuscoguttatus] |
Epinephelus ongus (Bloch, 1790) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, s: Ephinephelus ongus] | |
Epinephelus polyphekadion (Bleeker, 1849) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | VU | [2000] |
Epinephelus quoyanus (Valenciennes, 1830) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2001, s: Ephinephelus quoyanus; 2019] |
Plectropomus areolatus (Rüppell, 1830) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | VU | [2000, s: Plectropomus aerolatus] |
Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède, 1802) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] |
Plectropomus maculatus (Bloch, 1790) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000, 2001] |
Order Perciformes | ||||
Family CHAETODONTIDAE (Butterflyfish) | ||||
Chaetodon adiergastos Seale, 1910 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Chaetodon auriga Forsskål, 1775 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Chaetodon baronessa Cuvier, 1829 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Chaetodon lineolatus Cuvier, 1831 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Chaetodon lunulatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 | SR, RFA | LC | [2001] | |
Chaetodon octofasciatus Bloch, 1787 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 | SR, RFA | NT | [2000] | |
Chaetodon trifasciatus Park, 1797 | SR, RFA | VU | [2000] | |
Chaetodon wiebeli Kaup, 1863 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001] | |
Chelmon rostratus (Linnaeus, 1758) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2019; 2001, s: Chelmon rostratum] | |
Coradion chrysozonus (Cuvier, 1831) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | SR, RFA | VU | [2000, s: Heniochus accuminatu; 2001, s: Heniochus acuminiatus] | |
Heniochus varius (Cuvier, 1829) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Family LABRIDAE (Wrasse) | ||||
Bodianus diana (Lacepède, 1801) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Bodianus mesothorax (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001] | |
Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch, 1791) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2019; 2001, s: Cheilinus clorourus] | |
Cheilinus fasciatus (Bloch, 1791) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Cheilinus trilobatus Rüppell, 1835 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Cheilinus undulatus Rüppell, 1835 | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | EN | [2001] |
Choerodon schoenleinii (Valenciennes, 1839) | SR, RFA | NT | [2000] | |
Diproctacanthus xanthurus (Bleeker, 1856) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
*±Epibulus brevis Carlson, Randall & Dawson, 2008 | SR, RFA | LC | [2019] | |
Epibulus insidiator (Pallas, 1770) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000, 2001] |
Gomphosus varius Lacepède, 1801 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
±Halichoeres bicolor (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | SR, RFA | LC | [2019] | |
Halichoeres biocellatus Schultz, 1960 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Halichoeres chloropterus (Bloch, 1791) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001] | |
Halichoeres dussumieri (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001] | |
*±Halichoeres erdmanni Randall & Allen, 2010 | SR, RFA | [2019] | ||
Halichoeres hortulanus (Lacepède, 1801) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, 2019] | |
Halichoeres leucurus (Walbaum, 1792) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, s: Halichoeres purpurascens; 2019] | |
Halichoeres marginatus Rüppell, 1835] | SR, RFA | VU | [2000, 2001] | |
Halichoeres melanochir Fowler & Bean, 1928 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Halichoeres melanurus (Bleeker, 1851) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001] | |
±Halichoeres nebulosus (Valenciennes, 1839) | SR, RFA | LC | [2019] | |
Halichoeres prosopeion (Bleeker, 1853) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
*±Halichoeres richmondi Fowler & Bean, 1928 | SR, RFA | LC | [2019] | |
Halichoeres scapularis (Bennett, 1832) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001]. | |
Halichoeres vrolikii (Bleeker, 1855) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch, 1791) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Labrichthys unilineatus (Guichenot, 1847) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001] | |
Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes, 1839) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Leptojulis cyanopleura (Bleeker, 1853) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Macropharyngodon meleagris (Valenciennes, 1839) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Oxycheilinus celebicus (Bleeker, 1853) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Oxycheilinus digramma (Lacepède, 1801) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, s: Oxychelinius diagrammus; 2019] | |
Oxycheilinus mentalis (Rüppell, 1828) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, s: Oxychelinius mentalis] | |
Oxycheilinus orientalis (Günther, 1862) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Oxycheilinus sp. | SR, RFA | [2001, s: Oxychelinius sp] | ||
Paracheilinus filamentosus Allen, 1974 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, s: Paracheilinus filamentous] | |
Pseudocheilinus evanidus Jordan & Evermann, 1903 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, s: Pseudocheilinus evanide] | |
Pteragogus cryptus Randall, 1981 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001] | |
Stethojulis bandanensis (Bleeker, 1851) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
±Stethojulis interrupta (Bleeker, 1851) | SR, RFA | LC | [2019] | |
Stethojulis trilineata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Thalassoma hardwicke (Bennett, 1830) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus, 1758) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, 2019] | |
Family PINGUIPEDIDAE (Sandperch) | ||||
Parapercis snyderi Jordan & Starks, 1905 | SR, RFA | [2000, 2019] | ||
Parapercis xanthozona (Bleeker, 1849) | SR, RFA | [2000, 2019] | ||
Family POMACENTRIDAE (Damselfish) | ||||
Abudefduf bengalensis (Bloch, 1787) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, 2019] | |
Abudefduf notatus (Day, 1870) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001] | |
Abudefduf septemfasciatus (Cuvier, 1830) | SR, RFA | [2000] | ||
Abudefduf sexfasciatus (Lacepède, 1801) | SR, RFA | [2001, 2019] | ||
Abudefduf sordidus (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, 2019] | |
Abudefduf vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] |
Amblyglyphidodon aureus (Cuvier, 1830) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2019] | |
Amblyglyphidodon curacao (Bloch, 1787) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster (Bleeker, 1847) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Amblyglyphidodon sp. | [2001] | |||
Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830) | SR, RFA | EN | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Amphiprion frenatus Brevoort, 1856 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Amphiprion melanopus Bleeker, 1852 | SR, RFA | LC | [2001] | |
Amphiprion ocellaris Cuvier, 1830 | SR, RFA | [2000, 2001, 2019] | ||
Amphiprion perideraion Bleeker, 1855 | SR, RFA | [2000, 2001, s: Amphiprion periderion; 2019] | ||
Cheiloprion labiatus (Day, 1870) | SR, RFA | [2000, 2001] | ||
Chromis atripectoralis Welander & Schultz, 1951 | SR, RFA | [2000, 2019; 2001, s: Cromis atripectoralis] | ||
Chromis lepidolepis Bleeker, 1877 . | SR, RFA | [2000, s: Chromis lepidolepsis] | ||
Chromis ternatensis (Bleeker, 1856) | SR, RFA | [2000] | ||
±Chromis viridis (Cuvier, 1830) | SR, RFA | [2019] | ||
Chromis weberi Fowler & Bean, 1928 | SR, RFA | [2000, s: Chromis weberii] | ||
Chrysiptera leucopoma (Cuvier, 1830) | SR, RFA | [2001] | ||
Dascyllus reticulatus (Richardson, 1846) | SR, RFA | [2000, 2019; 2001, s: Dascyllus reticulates] | ||
Dascyllus trimaculatus (Rüppell, 1829) | SR, RFA | VU | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Dischistodus chrysopoecilus (Bleeker, 1858) | SR, RFA | [2001, s: Dischistodus chrysopaecilus] | ||
Dischistodus melanotus (Bleeker, 1858) | SR, RFA | [2000, 2001, 2019] | ||
Dischistodus perspicillatus (Cuvier, 1830) | SR, RFA | [2000, 2019; 2001, s: Dischistodus perspiciliatus] | ||
Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon (Bleeker, 1852) | SR, RFA | [2000, s: Hemiglyphidodon plagiometapon; 2001, s: Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopodon] | ||
Neoglyphidodon melas (Valenciennes, 1830) | SR, RFA | [2000, 2001, 2019] | ||
Neoglyphidodon nigroris (Cuvier, 1830) | SR, RFA | [2001] | ||
Neoglyphidodon oxyodon (Bleeker, 1858) | SR, RFA | [2000] | ||
Neoglyphidodon thoracotaeniatus (Fowler & Bean, 1928) | SR, RFA | [2000] | ||
Neopomacentrus anabatoides (Bleeker, 1847) | SR, RFA | [2000, 2001] | ||
Neopomacentrus azysron (Bleeker, 1877) | SR, RFA | [2000, s: Neopomacentrus azyros] | ||
Neopomacentrus cyanomos (Bleeker, 1856) | SR, RFA | VU | [2000, 2019; 2001, s: Neopomacentrus cyanomus] | |
Neopomacentrus violascens (Bleeker, 1848) | SR, RFA | [2001] | ||
Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) | SR, RFA | [2000, 2001] | ||
Pomacentrus alexanderae Evermann & Seale, 1907 | SR, RFA | [2000, 2019; 2001, s: Pomacentrus alexandrae] | ||
±Pomacentrus armillatus Allen, 1993 | SR, RFA | [2019] | ||
Pomacentrus bankanensis Bleeker, 1854 | SR, RFA | [2001] | ||
Pomacentrus bintanensis Allen, 1999 | SR, RFA | [2001] | ||
Pomacentrus chrysurus Cuvier, 1830 | SR, RFA | [2000, 2001] | ||
Pomacentrus coelestis Jordan & Starks, 1901 | SR, RFA | [2000, s: Pomacentrus coelestris; 2001, 2019] | ||
Pomacentrus grammorhynchus Fowler, 1918 | SR, RFA | [2000; 2001, s: Pomacentrus gymmnorhynchus] | ||
Pomacentrus lepidogenys Fowler & Bean, 1928 . | SR, RFA | [2000] | ||
Pomacentrus moluccensis Bleeker, 1853 | SR, RFA | [2000, 2001, 2019] | ||
Pomacentrus philippinus Evermann & Seale, 1907 | SR, RFA | [2000, 2001] | ||
±Pomacentrus simsiang Bleeker, 1856 | SR, RFA | [2019] | ||
Pomacentrus tripunctatus Cuvier, 1830 | SR, RFA | [2011, 2019] | ||
Stegestes lividus (Forster, 1801) | SR, RFA | [2001, s: Stagestes lividus] | ||
Family SCARIDAE (Parrotfish) | ||||
Bolbometopon muricatum (Valenciennes, 1840) | SR, RFA | VU | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Chlorurus bleekeri (de Beaufort, 1940) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, s: Scarus bleekeri; 2019] | |
±Chlorurus capistratoides (Bleeker, 1847) | SR, RFA | LC | [2019] | |
Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål, 1775) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | VU | [2001, s: Scarus sordidus; 2019] |
*±Scarus caudofasciatus (Günther, 1862) | SR, RFA | LC | [2019] | |
Scarus ghobban Forsskål, 1775 | SR, RFA | EN | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Scarus niger Forsskål, 1775 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Scarus prasiognathos Valenciennes, 1840 | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, s: Scarus prasiognathus; 2019] | |
Scarus psittacus Forsskål, 1775 | SR, RFA | DD | [2011, 2019] | |
Scarus quoyi Valenciennes, 1840 | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, 2019] | |
Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1840 | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, 2019] | |
Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker, 1847 | SR, RFA | LC | [2001, 2019] | |
Scarus schlegeli (Bleeker, 1861) | SR, RFA | LC | [2001] | |
Scarus tricolor Bleeker, 1847 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Scaridae sp. | [2000] | |||
Family SCORPAENIDAE (Scoprionfish) | ||||
Pterois russellii Bennett, 1831 | SR, RFA | Venomous | [2011, 2019] | |
Family SPHYRAENIDAE (Barracuda) | ||||
Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771) | SR, RFA | Traumatogenic | LC | [2000, 2019] |
Sphyraena flavicauda Rüppell, 1838 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, 2019] | |
Sphyraena jello Cuvier, 1829 | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000] |
±Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829 | SR, RFA | LC | [2019] | |
Sphyraena qenie Klunzinger, 1870 | SR, RFA | LC | [2000, s: Sphyraena quenie] | |
Family SYNANCEIIDAE (Stonefish) | ||||
Inimicus didactylus (Pallas, 1769). | CS, RFA | Venomous | [2011, 2019] | |
Order Syngnathiformes | ||||
Family CENTRISCIDAE (Shrimpfish, Razorfish) | ||||
Aeoliscus strigatus (Günther, 1861) | SR, RFA | DD | [2001] | |
Order Tetraodontiformes | ||||
Family BALISTIDAE (Triggerfish) | ||||
Balistapus undulatus (Park, 1797) | SR, RFA | Traumatogenic. | [2000] | |
Balistoides viridescens (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | [2000; 2001, s: Balistiodes viridescens] | |
Melichthys vidua (Richardson, 1845) | SR, RFA | [2001] | ||
Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1829) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | [2000; 2001] | |
Sufflamen bursa (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | SR, RFA | [2000] | ||
Family BELONIDAE (Needlefish) | ||||
Strongylura incisa (Valenciennes, 1846) | SR, RFA | [2000] | ||
Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821) | SR, RFA | Traumatogenic | LC | [2001] |
Family DIODONTIDAE (Porcupinefish) | ||||
Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758 | RFA | Poisonous to eat | LC | [2000, 2019] |
Diodon liturosus Shaw, 1804 | RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | [2000, 2019] | |
Family MONACANTHIDAE (Filefish, Leatherjacket) | ||||
Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000, s: Aluterus monoceres; 2019] |
Aluterus scriptus (Osbeck, 1765) | SR, RFA | Reports of ciguatera poisoning | LC | [2000; 2001, s: Aluteres scriptus] |
Cantherhines dumerilii (Hollard, 1854) | SR, RFA | LC | [2000] | |
Family OSTRACIIDAE (Squared) | ||||
Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus, 1758 | SR, RFA. | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] | |
Family TETRAODONTIDAE (Pufferfish) | ||||
±Arothron mappa (Lesson, 1831) | SR, RFA | Poisonous to eat | LC | [2019] |
Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | SR, RFA | Poisonous to eat | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] |
Arothron stellatus (Anonymous, 1798) | SR, RFA | Poisonous to eat | LC | [2000, 2001, 2019] |
Newly recorded species notes (Fig.
Ctenogobiops mitodes Randall, Shao & Chen, 2007 (Fig.
Common name: Thread shrimpgoby.
Maximum size of 5.3 cm SL (
Epibulus brevis Carlson, Randall & Dawson, 2008 (Fig.
Common name: Latent slingjaw wrasse.
Maximum size of 18.5 cm SL (
Halichoeres erdmanni Randall & Allen, 2010 (Fig.
Common name: Erdmann's wrasse.
Maximum size of 7.2 cm (male) and 5.9 cm (female) SL (
Halichoeres richmondi Fowler & Bean, 1928 (Fig.
Common name: Richmond's wrasse.
Maximum size of 19 cm (male) TL (
Scaruscaudo fasciatus (Günther, 1862) (Fig.
Common name: Red barred parrotfish.
Maximum size of 50 cm TL (
m: Cheilodipterus heptaxona
s: Apogon crysopomus
s: Ostorhinchus cookie
Newly recorded in Redang islands + This study
s: Apogon rhodopterus
s: Archaima macroptera
s: Archamia zoesterophora
Newly recorded in Redang islands + This study.
s: Plagoitremus rhinorhincus
s: Caesio xanthonata
Newly recorded in Redang islands + This study
s: Carangoides chrysophys
Newly recorded in Redang islands + This study
s: Heniochus accuminatus
Newly recorded in Redang islands + This study.
Newly recorded in Redang islands + This study.
s: Ctenogobius pomastictus
* Newly recorded in Malaysia + This study.
Newly recorded in Redang islands + This study.
Newly recorded in Redang islands + This study.
This study.
This study.
Newly recorded in Redang islands + This study.
s: Plectorhinchus celebicus
s: Plectorhinchus lessoni
s: Hyporhampus affinis
Newly recorded in Redang islands + This study.
Newly recorded in Redang islands + This study.
This study.
* Newly recorded in Malaysia + This study.
Newly recorded in Redang islands + This study.
* Newly recorded in Malaysia + This study.
s: Halichoeres purpurascens
This study.
This study.
* Newly recorded in Malaysia + This study.
s: Oxychelinius mentalis
s: Oxychelinius sp.
s: Paracheilinus filamentous
s: Pseudocheilinus evanides
Newly recorded in Redang islands + This study.
s: Lutjanus russelli
s: Aluterus monoceres
Newly recorded in Redang islands + This study.
s: Scolopsis trilineatus
Newly recorded in Redang islands + This study.