Biodiversity Data Journal :
Single Taxon Treatment
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Corresponding author: Huayan Chen (chen.4084@buckeyemail.osu.edu), Elijah J Talamas (billy.jenkins@GMAIL.COM)
Academic editor: Matthew Yoder
Received: 28 Oct 2019 | Accepted: 08 Oct 2020 | Published: 26 Oct 2020
© 2020 Huayan Chen, Elijah Talamas, Marie-Claude Bon, Matthew Moore
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Chen H, Talamas EJ, Bon M-C, Moore MR (2020) Gryon ancinla Kozlov & Lê (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae): host association, expanded distribution, redescription and a new synonymy. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e47687. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e47687
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Gryon Haliday (Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) is a cosmopolitan genus of egg-parasitoid wasps primarily associated with Heteroptera.
Gryon ancinla Kozlov & Lê is reported for the first time outside of Vietnam, in China and Cambodia, and as an egg parasitoid of the pestiferous leaf-footed bug, Acanthocoris scaber (L.). Gryon ancinla is redescribed based on recently collected specimens and compared to closely related species of Gryon in the region. Gryon clavaerus Kozlov & Lê is treated as a junior synonym and some characters found in the charon species group are discussed.
Acanthocoris scaber (L.) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) is a pest that feeds on many economically important vegetables including chili, potato, tomato, and eggplant in China (
The taxonomy of Gryon in southeast Asia is in need of thorough revision, as in much of the world. The conspicuous characters of the charon species group, to which G. ancinla belongs, enabled us to consider a limited number of species names when identifying the specimens. We considered the possibility that some species may have ranges that extend from Asia into Africa. Indeed, G. ancinla is similar to some African Gryon species but the molecular data at hand indicate that it is distinct from the African species in the current analysis. We assign the name G. ancinla to these specimens because we are confident that their morphology matches that of the holotype specimen and they are from the same geographic region. There remain a number of Asian species in the charon species group for which we have not yet examined primary types, and examination of more material is required to fully assess the morphological variation and geographic range of G. ancinla. This study should thus be considered as one of many steps forward in the advancement of the taxonomy of Gryon and the reader should be aware that future work will undoubtedly result in more nomeclatural adjustments.
The charon species group was proposed by
Gryon Species Comparison |
Range of Interspecific K2P Distances (%) |
G. ancinla-G. drunoris |
12.9–14.8 |
G. ancinla-G. sp. (BOLD:ADO2077) |
14.8–16.7 |
G. ancinla-G. sp. 1 charon group |
11.4–13.7 |
G. ancinla-G. sp. 2 charon group |
14.0–14.6 |
G. drunoris-G. sp. (BOLD:ADO2077) |
15.7–16.1 |
G. drunoris-G. sp. 1 charon group |
14.6–14.8 |
G. drunoris-G. sp. 2 charon group |
16.2–16.6 |
G. sp. 1 charon group-G. sp. (BOLD:ADO2077) |
16.4–16.6 |
G. sp. 1 charon group-G. sp. 2 charon group |
15.0 |
G. sp. 2 charon group-G. sp. (BOLD:ADO2077) |
16.2 |
Species | Origin | Genbank Accession | Collecting Unit Identifier | Specimen Depository | DNA Depository |
Gryon ancinla | China | MT604053 | FSCA 00094670 | FSCA | FSCA |
Gryon ancinla | China | MT604054 | FSCA 00094672 | FSCA | FSCA |
Gryon ancinla | China | MT604055 | FSCA 00094673 | FSCA | FSCA |
Gryon ancinla | China | MT604056 | USNMENT01335659 | FSCA | EBCL |
Gryon ancinla | China | MT604057 | USNMENT01335640 | FSCA | EBCL |
Gryon ancinla | China | MT604058 | SCAU 3017206 | SYSU | SYSU |
Gryon ancinla | China | MT604059 | FSCA 00094671 | FSCA | FSCA |
Gryon drunoris | Vietnam | MT604060 | FSCA 00094674 | FSCA | FSCA |
Gryon drunoris | Vietnam | MT604061 | FSCA 00094680 | FSCA | FSCA |
Gryon drunoris | Vietnam | MT604062 | FSCA 00094682 | FSCA | FSCA |
Gryon drunoris | Vietnam | MT604063 | FSCA 00094684 | FSCA | FSCA |
Gryon sp. 1, charon group | South Africa | MT604064 | SAM-HYM-P093268 | SAMC | FSCA |
Gryon sp. 1, charon group | South Africa | MT604065 | SAM-HYM-P093626 | SAMC | FSCA |
Gryon sp. 2, charon group | South Africa | MT604066 | SAM-HYM-P093671 | SAMC | FSCA |
Species of Gryon in which the frontal depression is surrounded by carinae.
Species | Basis of determination |
G. ancinla Kozlov & Lê | Examination of holotype |
G. charon (Nixon) | Examination of holotype |
G. drunoris Kozlov & Lê | Examination of holotype |
G. dasyni (Nixon) |
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G. hakonense (Ashmead) | Examination of holotype |
G. ingens Veenakumari & Rajmohana |
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G. kenyotum Mineo |
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G. krishnagiriense Sharma | Examination of holotype |
G. letus (Nixon) | Examination of holotype |
G. lucmon Mineo | Examination of holotype |
G. mudugeriense Sharma | Examination of holotype |
G. nigriclavatum (Dodd) | Examination of holotype |
G. odontogonusi (Risbec) | Examination of lectotype |
G. oophagum (Nixon) |
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G. paracharontis Mineo | Examination of holotype |
G. parakenyotum Mineo | Examination of holotype |
G. philippinense (Ashmead) | Examination of lectotype |
G. sponus Kozlov & Lê | Examination of holotype |
G. urum Mineo |
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The description of G. ancinla was generated using vSysLab (vsyslab.osu.edu), an online, matrix-based tool for generating species descriptions.
Specimens SCAU 3040175–3040176 were photographed using CombineZP and AutoMontage extended-focus software, using a JVC KY-F75U digital camera, Leica Z16 APOA microscope and 1X objective lens. Specimens were photographed using a Macroscopic Solutions Macropod using a 20X Mitutoyo objective lens with images rendered using Helicon Focus. Scanning electron micrographs were produced using Phenom Pro Desktop SEM and aligned in Helicon focus.
Comprehensive identification tools are not presently available for Gryon in southeast Asia. Our determination of G. ancinla was made through direct comparison with holotypes and images of holotypes in the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR) (Hanoi, Vietnam) (
Genomic DNA was nondestructively isolated from the entire specimen using a Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit (Hilden, Germany). The barcode region of the mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I (CO1) was amplified using the universal barcoding primer sets LCO1490/HCO2198 (
All sequences generated from this study are deposited in GenBank (MT604053–MT604066) and all residual DNAs are archived at EBCL, FSCA, and SYSU (Table
CO1 barcodes were translated into amino acids and aligned using the default settings of ClustalW (
Gryon ancinla Kozlov & Lê, 1996,
Gryon clavaerus Kozlov & Lê syn. n., 1996,
Size: Female body length: 1.26–1.86 mm (n=9).
Color: Color of body: dark brown to black, rarely with reddish-brown areas. Color of legs: coxae dark brown to black, otherwise yellow.
Head: Number of papillary sensilla on A7: 2. Number of papillary sensilla on A8: 2. Color of antenna in female: A1–A6 yellow, A7–A12 brown. Number of mandibular teeth: 3. Shape of mandibular teeth: dorsal tooth distinctly the largest. Shape of clypeus: roughly rectangular with rounded corners. Number of clypeal setae: 6. Epiclypeal carina: present. Facial striae: absent. Central keel: present. Line of setae above interantennal process: absent. Setation of compound eye: short and sparse, often appearing absent with light microscopy. Setation of orbital furrow: present along dorsal half of compound eye. Macrosculpture of frontal depression: transversely rugose. Sculpture of frons outside of frontal depression: areolate rugose. Lateral margin of frontal depression: delimited by carina. Dorsal margin of frontal depression: delimited by carina. Smooth area at base of mandible: present. Malar striae: absent. Genal carina: present. Hyperoccipital carina: present between lateral ocelli. Anterior margin of occipital carina on gena: crenulate. Occipital carina: terminating near dorsal margin of compound eye.
Mesosoma: Epomial carina: present. Sculpture of lateral pronotum: transversely rugose. Netrion sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as a smooth furrow, anteriorly terminating in a pit. Sculpture of mesoscutum: coarsely rugose, with rugae oriented longitudinally at posterior margin. Posterior mesoscutellar sulcus: foveate. Posterior margin of mesoscutellum: extending over metanotum, metascutellum not visible in dorsal view. Posterior margin of metascutellum: straight. Sculpture on posteroventral surface metascutellum: antero-posteriorly strigose. Sculpture of metanotal trough: foveate. Length of postmarginal vein in fore wing: about twice as long as stigmal vein. Length of marginal vein in fore wing: about half as long as stigmal vein. Lateral propodeal carina: continuous across posterior propodeum, forming flange around metasomal depression. Sculpture of metasomal depression: radially strigose. Preacetabular sulcus: present as a line of punctures. Orientation of acetabular carina: parallel to mesopleural carina. Posterior limit of acetabulum: nearly reaching ventral mesopleural carina. Postacetabular sulcus: crenulate. Episternal foveae: absent. Mesopleural carina: present. Cells or foveae along ventral margin of mesopleural carina: present. Sculpture of femoral depression: irregularly rugose. Prespecular sulcus: indicated by crenulae. Sculpture of speculum: transversely rugose. Mesepimeral sulcus: comprised of circular foveae. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: weakly rugulose in ventral half. Paracoxal sulcus: indicated by large, irregular cells along anterior margin of metapleuron. Anteroventral extension of the metapleuron: long, reaching base of mesocoxa. Metapleural structure: dorsoventrally divided by carina, posterior portion densely setose.
Metasoma: Form of sulcus on anterior T1: simple line of foveae. Lateral pit on anterior T1: absent. Macrosculpture of T1: longitudinally striate. Setation of T1: present in a posterolateral triangular area. Smooth area on anterior T2: present. Setation of T2: sparse medially, dense laterally. Macrosculpture of T2: irregularly rugose. Posterior margin of T6: concave. Lateral pit on anterior S1: absent. Transverse sulcus on anterior S2: absent. Macrosculpture of S2: sparsely striate, striae attenuating posteriorly.
Variation: Specimens FSCA 00094670 and FSCA 00094672 (Fig.
Females of G. ancinla have a 6-merous clava (Fig.
Gryon clavaerus (Fig.
Humeral pit
The mesoscutal humeral pit (Fig.
Setation of the orbital furrow
Setation of the orbital furrow can separate some species in the charon group and perhaps other species groups. Gryon ancinla has setation only in the dorsal part of the orbital furrow (Figs
The neighbor-joining analysis revealed relatively large sequence divergences between clusters of Gryon CO1 barcodes (Fig.
Gryon contains widespread species and geographically broad analysis is needed to identify synonyms. This study characterizes a species found in southeast Asia to facilitate comparison with similar species of Gryon in the region and to associate ecological data with a taxonomic name.
We extend our thanks to the CanaColl Foundation, which funded a visit by Elijah Talamas to the Canadian National Collection and to Lubomír Masner (CNCI) who hosted this visit. We are extremely grateful to Sergey Bolokobilskij (ZIN) for providing the images of the holotype of Gryon ancinla and to Yingqi Liu (China Agricultural University, Beijing), who provided images of the holotyope of Gryon charon. Specimens from South Africa were made available on loan thanks to the efforts of Simon van Noort and Aisha Mayekiso (SAMC) and specimens from Cambodia were made available by Nam Sangheok (SNU). We thank Cheryl Roberts and Lynn Combee (FDCAS-DPI) for their assistance with generating CO1 barcodes for this project. Elijah Talamas and Matthew Moore were supported by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. Huayan Chen was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31900346). Taxonomic research on Gryon in Asia and Africa is supported by a USDA-APHIS Farm Bill, Biological Control of Bagrada Bug. The USDA is an equal opportunity employer and does not endorse any commercial product mentioned in this research.