Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomic Paper
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Corresponding author: AJ Fleming (ajfleming604@gmail.com)
Academic editor: Pierfilippo Cerretti
Received: 28 Nov 2019 | Accepted: 01 Feb 2020 | Published: 21 Feb 2020
© 2020 AJ Fleming, D. Monty Wood, M. Alex Smith, Tanya Dapkey, Winnie Hallwachs, Daniel Janzen
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Fleming A, Wood DM, Smith MA, Dapkey T, Hallwachs W, Janzen D (2020) A new genus and new species in the tribe Uramyini (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Area de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e48907. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e48907
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We describe one new genus and its one new species from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. Our study provides a concise description of this new species using morphology, life history, molecular data and photographic documentation.
Chorotegamyia gen. n. is described, along with its type species, Chorotegamyia aureofacies sp. n. A modified key to the Uramyini is given to further elucidate the tribe.
The tribe Uramyini was originally proposed by
This paper proposes a new genus and new species within the tribe Uramyini. The most basic synapomorphies of the Uramyini include the following combination of shared character states: bare prosternum, bare arista, haired eyes, frontal setae extending only to the base of the pedicel, the short fine anepimeral seta, cylindrical bodyplan, the "u"- shaped lappets of the posterior spiracle and the hinged "L"-shaped terminalia with the end of the basiphallus extending beyond the hinge with the distiphallus (
The management of voucher specimens has been detailed in previous papers in this series, most recently by
All caterpillars reared from the ACG efforts receive a unique voucher code in the format yy–SRNP–xxxxx. Any parasitoid emerging from a caterpillar receives the same voucher code as a record of the rearing event. If and when the parasitoid is later dealt with individually, it receives a second voucher code unique to it, in the format DHJPARxxxxxxx. These voucher codes, assigned to both host and parasitoids, may be used to obtain the individual rearing record at http://janzen.bio.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso.
All inventoried specimens, discussed herein, were collected under Costa Rican government research permits issued to DHJ and the Tachinidae samples were exported under permit by DHJ from Costa Rica to their final depository in the CNC. Tachinid identifications for the inventory are done by DHJ in coordination with a) visual inspection of morphology by AJF and DMW, b) DNA barcoding by MAS and CBG (Center for Biodiversity Genomics, Guelph) and c) databasing and association with host caterpillars by DHJ and WH through the inventory itself.
The date of capture, cited for each specimen, is the date of eclosion of the fly and not the date of capture of the caterpillar. The eclosion date is much more representative of the time when that fly species is on the wing than is the time of capture of the parasitized caterpillar. The “collector” is the parataxonomist who found the caterpillar, rather than the person who later retrieved the newly eclosed fly and processed it by freezing, pinning, labelling and oven-drying. The primary type material of the newly-described species is housed in the Diptera collection of the Canadian National Collection (CNC).
CNC Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Canada
The species account and description, presented in this paper, are complemented by a series of color photos, used to illustrate morphology. Terminology used follows
Examples of measurements and landmark anatomical features.
We generated DNA extracts from single legs using a standard glass fibre protocol (
Male: Head: slightly elongate, in frontal view slightly taller than wide, triangular in profile, wider at axis of pedicel than at axis of vibrissa. Height of gena 0.3x-0.4x eye height. Inner vertical setae stout, incurved and medially crossed, nearly half of eye height; outer vertical setae short to absent. Ocellar triangle extending into occiput, ocellar setae strong and proclinate. Fronto-orbital plate with lowest frontal seta situated at level of base of pedicel. Frontal vitta prominent and inwardly pinched, at narrowest point narrower than ocellar triangle. Vibrissae crossed, level with lower facial margin. Facial ridge bare. Antennal insertion situated below middle level of eye. Pedicel with short dorsal setae equal in length to pedicel; postpedicel short and slightly bean-shaped, twice as long as pedicel, short and parallel-sided, rounded at apex. Arista elongate, bare and filiform. Eyes haired. Thorax: prosternum bare. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 3:3 acrostichal setae; 3:3 dorsocentral setae; 2:2 intra-alar setae; 2:2 supra-alar setae; 4 postpronotal setae; 3 katepisternal setae, 2 anterior and 1 posterior to suture. Scutellum densely haired, strong pair of medially crossed preapical setae and 3 pairs of marginal setae. One pair of weak but differentiated widely-spaced scutellar discal setae. One strong anepimeral seta stronger and longer than others, but not extending beyond margin of upper calypter. Meron with 6-10 regular setae. Lappets of posterior spiracle appearing as a fringe of hairs of equal length surrounding the spiracle leaving a central "u"-shaped opening. Postmetacoxal bridge unsclerotized. Legs: anteroventral surface of forecoxa gold tomentose with several strong setae, ventral surface bare; anterior tibia with a regularly-sized fringe of equally-spaced setae along anterodorsal surface, posterodorsally with two strong setae. Posterior tibia with 3 large strong posteroventral setae, posterodorsal surface with a ragged irregular fringe of 4–5 strong setae. Tarsal claws black, pulvilli elongate subequal to length of tarsal claws. Wing: costal spine absent. R4+5 at base with 2–3 setulea dorsally and 1–2 setulae ventrally. Bend of vein M obtuse, vein terminating in wing margin. Stub of CuA1 terminating in wing margin, 1.9x length of cross-vein dm-cu. Abdomen: abdomen elongate, almost 2x as long as wide; mid-dorsal depression of T1+2 reaching to hind margin; median marginal setae on T3 and complete rows of marginal setae on T4–T5 (reduced on T5); T3–T5 each with one pair of median discal setae. Terminalia: cercus sharply pointed and strongly tapered, basal section of syncercus 1/3 as long as apical section; strongly curved when viewed laterally; surstylus narrow and scythe-like in lateral view, apices unusually sharp; surstyli angled medially in dorsal view; surstylus 1.6x as long as cercus. Phallus distinctly hinged as in the remainder of the Dexiinae.
Female: As in male with the following exceptions: width of head at widest point 4.2 times width of vertex (in frontal view), profile 1.6x wider at axis of pedicel, than at axis of vibrissa, frontal view head height 1.17x head width. Height of gena 0.43x eye height. Two proclinate orbital setae, hind one slightly shorter than anterior. Postpedicel longer than in males nearly 2.4x as long as pedicel. Height of gena longer in females than in males. Thorax: Scutellum densely haired, strong pair of inwardly crossed preapical setae and 3 pairs of marginal setae. Meron with 6-10 regular setae. Legs: tarsal claws black, pulvilli short approximately 0.5x length of tarsal claws. Wing: as in males. Abdomen: abdomen elongate but slightly more globose than male; median marginal setae on T3 and complete row of marginal setae on T4–T5; T3–T5 each with one pair of median discal setae. Terminalia: not examined.
Our diagnosis of the new genus suggests it belongs to the tribe Uramyini, based on the following combination of character states which it shares with its tribemates (Uramya Robineau-Desvoidy, Itaplectops Townsend and Thelairaporia Guimaraes): frontal setae extending only to the base of the pedicel, bare prosternum, the short fine anepimeral seta not reaching the midpoint of the lower calypter, vein R4+5 ending at wing margin, elongated "cylindrical" body plan, the "u"-shaped lappets of the posterior spiracle and the distinctively hinged and "L"-shaped terminalia with the end of the basiphallus extending beyond the hinge with the distiphallus (
Chorotegamyia gen. n. is named with reference to the Chorotega Indian tribe historical residents of the province of Guanacaste in North Western Costa Rica.
Costa Rica, ACG, Guanacaste Province, 295 m elevation.
Male, length: 11–12 mm (Fig.
Female, length: 12–13 mm (Fig.
Chorotegamyia aureofacies sp. n. is a medium-sized reddish-gold fly. It can be recognized easily within the tribe by the brilliant gold coloration of the fronto-orbital plate and parafacials, the two postsutural supra-alar setae and the distinctive gold ocellar triangle (Fig.
Chorotegamyia aureofacies sp. n. from the Latin adjective, “aurus” for gold and the noun "facies" for face, with reference to its brilliant gold tomentose head.
Costa Rica, ACG, Guanacaste Province, 295 m elevation.
Chorotegamyia aureofacies sp. n. has been reared nine times from a single species of Lepidoptera, collected in old secondary succession dry forest, from a massive outbreak of caterpillars of Norape nigrovenosa (Druce, 1906) (Megalopygidae). This is the only record of this species of fly out of 4,113 rearings of megalopygid caterpillars in the ACG inventory (1978-2019), of at least 20 species of caterpillars from all ACG ecosystems, 180 of these caterpillars being parasitized by Tachinidae of at least 23 species. This species of caterpillar burrows deep into the soil to spin a very tough double-walled cocoon and the fly larva emerges from the prepupal cadaver to make its puparium inside the moth cocoon next to the cadaver. The batch of caterpillars that yielded the nine C. aureofacies specimens (one per caterpillar) was also parasitized by three other species of Tachinidae (Lespesia, Avibrissosturmia, and Hyphantrophaga).
Revised key to the Uramyini This key is an adaptation of the key to the genera printed in |
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1 | Proclinate orbital setae present only in females; mid-dorsal depression on T1+2 extending almost to tergal margin | 2 |
– | Two strong proclinate orbital setae present in both sexes; mid-dorsal depression on T1+2 not extending to tergal margin | 3 |
2 | Vertical bristles of male short weak and proclinate; eyes of male closely approximated medially, nearly obliterating frontal vitta; three postsutural supra-alar setae; often with two or more discal setae on T3–T5 | Uramya Robineau-Desvoidy |
– | Veritcal bristles of male strong and medially crossed; eyes of male not so closely approximated as to obliterate frontal vitta; two postsutural supra-alar setae; only one pair of discal setae on T3–T5 | Chorotegamyia Fleming & Wood gen. n. |
3 | Facial ridge with four to five small, erect setae above vibrissa; scutellum with pair of widely-separated discal bristles; two katepisternal setae; abdominal tergites lacking discal bristles on T4 | Itaplectops Townsend |
– | Facial ridge with few recumbent hairs above the vibrissa; scutellum without discal setae; three katepisternal setae; abdominal tergites T3 and T4 each with pair of median discal setae | Thelairaporia Guimarães |
We gratefully acknowledge the unflagging support of the team of ACG parataxonomists (