Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomic paper
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Corresponding author:
Academic editor: Guanyang Zhang
Received: 26 Mar 2015 | Accepted: 23 Apr 2015 | Published: 24 Apr 2015
© 2015 Tadashi Ishikawa, Masayuki Saito, Keiko Kishimoto-Yamada, Toshihide Kato, Osamu Kurashima, Motomi Ito
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Ishikawa T, Saito M, Kishimoto-Yamada K, Kato T, Kurashima O, Ito M (2015) Inventory of the Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) in Komaba Campus of the University of Tokyo, a highly urbanized area in Japan. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4981. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4981
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The Heteroptera, or true bugs, forms one of the major insect groups with respect to the very diverse habitat preferences, including both aquatic and terrestrial species, as well as a variety of feeding types. The first comprehensive inventory of the Heteroptera at Komaba Campus of the University of Tokyo, or an urban green space in the center of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan, was conducted.
A total of 115 species in 29 families of the suborder Heteroptera were identified. The area had a high species richness compared with other urbanized and suburbanized localities in Tokyo. The campus is found to show a substantial difference in heteropteran species compositions, despite being close to the other localities surrounded by highly urbanized zones in central Tokyo.
Arthropoda, assemblage, biodiversity information, true bugs, urban green space
Although central part of the Tokyo Metropolis is a highly urbanized area, it contains several large green spaces for landscaping, such as the Imperial Palace and Meiji Jingu (Shinto Shrine), where well-preserved and managed vegetation is present (
The hemipteran suborder Heteroptera (true bugs) is one of the major insect groups with respect to the habitat preferences, including aquatic, semi-aquatic, and terrestrial species with a variety of feeding types represented by varying degrees of herbivory, predation (including sucking vertebrate blood), mycophagy, and polyphagy (
The approximately 1,300 known heteropteran species of Japan are estimated to represent more than 80% of the possible total number of species (
Komaba Campus of the University of Tokyo provides the comparatively small green spaces surrounded by a highly urbanized zones in central Tokyo. Within the campus, appropriately maintained forests, shrubs and grasslands fill spaces among a number of buildings and athletic fields. Recently, two remarkable true bug species were found from broadleaf angiosperms in this campus; one was reported as a new species (
The present paper documents the first comprehensive inventory for the heteropteran fauna in the Komaba Campus, which represents a model case of extensive research on the fauna of small green spaces in central Tokyo. We also discuss the characteristics of the heteropteran fauna on the campus in comparison with those exhibited in other urbanized or suburbanized localities in Tokyo.
This research was carried out at Komaba Campus (35.66006N 139.68521E; at an altitude of approximately 35 m above sea level) of the University of Tokyo, Meguro City, Tokyo, Japan, which is situated within the center of Tokyo and surrounded by highly urbanized environments including residential quarters and business complexes (Figs
All specimens were collected by our research group (TI, MUS, KKY, and TK) using the following methods: net sweeping (including visual searches), UV light trap (using a high-intensity discharge lamp), and Tullgren funnels. The net sweeping method was used 41 times from April 2013 to May 2014 for a maximum of two hours per day in the daytime. The light trap method was carried out eight times from May 2013 to February 2014 for 1–1.5 hours per day shortly after sunset. Insects collected by the net sweeping and light trap methods were killed with ethyl acetate soon after capture. Sampling of the leaf litter fauna was carried out on November 28, 2013. Shortly after sampling, the leaf litter heteropterans were extracted from the sample by using Tullgren funnels, and fixed in plastic bottles filled with 60–70% ethanol. The extraction period was two days. All specimens were dried at room temperature and mounted for morphological examination.
Species identification and the determination of postembryonic developmental stage and sex were performed under a stereoscopic microscope (Olympus SZ61, Tokyo, Japan) by TI, using
The similarities in species composition (occurrence or absence) were examined using a similarity index, Jaccard distances of assemblage, for the Komaba Campus and six localities in Tokyo as reference sites (Table
Detailed characteristics of each reference site. All sites are situated in Tokyo (see Fig.
Locality | Site area (ha) | Environment aspect | Number of species | Reference (for number of species) |
Meiji Jingu | 70 | highly urbanized | 83 |
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Akasaka Imperial Gardens | 51 | highly urbanized | 80 |
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Imperial Palace | 115 | highly urbanized | 133 | |
Mizumoto Park | 94 | moderately urbanized | 96 |
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Kusabana Hills | 2200 | suburbanized | 81 |
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Ome City | 10000 | suburbanized | 90 |
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In this study, a total of 1,541 specimens were collected and 115 species in 29 families of Heteroptera were detected on the Komaba Campus. Of these specimens, 1,451 individuals were captured by net sweeping, 75 individuals by light traps, and 15 individuals by Tullgren funnels (Table
List of species collected by net sweeping, light traps, and Tullgren funnels in Komaba Campus of the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Family | Species | Net sweeping | Light trap | Tullgren funnel |
Enicocephalidae | Hoplitocoris lewisi (Distant, 1903) | 3 | 0 | 10 |
Enicocephalidae | Stenopirates japonicus (Esaki, 1935) | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Corixidae | Micronecta orientalis Wróblewski, 1960 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Notonectidae | Anisops ogasawarensis Matsumura, 1915 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Hydrometridae | Hydrometra procera Horváth, 1905 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Veliidae | Microvelia douglasi Scott, 1874 | 106 | 0 | 0 |
Veliidae | Microvelia horvathi Lundblad, 1933 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
Gerridae | Aquarius elongatus (Uhler, 1897) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Gerridae | Aquarius paludum paludum (Fabricius, 1794) | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Gerridae | Gerris latiabdominis Miyamoto, 1958 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
Saldidae | Saldula saltatoria (Linnaeus, 1758) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Tingidae | Corythucha ciliata (Say, 1832) | 28 | 0 | 0 |
Tingidae | Corythucha marmorata (Uhler, 1878) | 45 | 0 | 0 |
Tingidae | Cysteochila consueta Drake, 1948 | 36 | 0 | 0 |
Tingidae | Dulinius conchatus Distant, 1903 | 16 | 0 | 0 |
Tingidae | Stephanitis nashi Esaki et Takeya, 1931 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
Tingidae | Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott, 1874) | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Tingidae | Stephanitis svensoni Drake, 1912 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Tingidae | Stephanitis takeyai Drake et Maa, 1955 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Tingidae | Uhlerites debilis (Uhler, 1896) | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Apolygus hilaris (Horváth, 1905) | 47 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Apolygus spinolae (Meyer-Dür, 1841) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Apolygus subpulchellus (Kerzhner, 1988) | 134 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Atractotomoidea castanea Yasunaga, 1999 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Campylomma lividum Reuter, 1885 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Campyloneura virgula (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1836) | 9 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Castanopsides hasegawai Yasunaga, 1992 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Miridae | Charagochilus angusticollis Linnavuori, 1961 | 24 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Cimidaeorus hasegawai Nakatani, Yasunaga et Takai, 2000 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Coridromius chinensis Liu et Zhao, 1999 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Creontiades coloripes Hsiao, 1963 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Dryophilocoris miyamotoi Yasunaga, 1999 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Eurystylus coelestialium (Kirkaldy, 1902) | 13 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Eurystylus luteus Hsiao, 1941 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Harpocera orientalis Kerzhner, 1979 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Kasumiphylus kyushuensis (Linnavuori, 1961) | 1 | 7 | 0 |
Miridae | Monalocoris filicis (Linnaeus, 1758) | 44 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Neolygus pteleinus (Kerzhner, 1977) | 10 | 1 | 0 |
Miridae | Philostephanus rubripes (Jakovlev, 1876) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Phylus miyamotoi Yasunaga, 1999 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Pilophorus setulosus Horváth, 1905 | 16 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Pilophorus typicus (Dsitant, 1909) | 6 | 1 | 0 |
Miridae | Psallus bagjonicus Josifov, 1983 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Psallus edoensis Yasunaga et Vinokurov, 2000 | 36 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Psallus roseoguttatus Yasunaga et Vinokurov, 2000 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Pseudoloxops miyamotoi Yasunaga, 1997 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Pseudophylus flavipes (Nitobe, 1906) | 43 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Sejanus komabanus Yasunaga, Ishikawa et Ito, 2013 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Stethoconus japonicus Schumacher, 1917 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
Miridae | Taylorilygus apicalis (Fieber, 1861) | 15 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Termatophylum hikosanum Miyamoto, 1965 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Trigonotylus caelestialium (Kirkaldy, 1902) | 47 | 3 | 0 |
Miridae | Yamatolygus sp. | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Miridae | Zanchius tarasovi Kerzhner, 1988 | 16 | 0 | 0 |
Nabidae | Nabis kinbergii Reuter, 1872 | 11 | 0 | 0 |
Anthocoridae | Amphiareus obscuriceps (Poppius, 1909) | 16 | 12 | 0 |
Anthocoridae | Cardiastethus exiguus Poppius, 1913 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
Anthocoridae | Orius minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) | 112 | 1 | 0 |
Anthocoridae | Orius nagaii Yasunaga, 1993 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Anthocoridae | Orius sauteri (Poppius, 1909) | 14 | 0 | 0 |
Anthocoridae | Physopleurella armata Poppius, 1909 | 0 | 23 | 0 |
Reduviidae | Empicoris minutus Usinger, 1946 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Reduviidae | Haematoloecha nigrorufa (Stål, 1867) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Reduviidae | Velinus nodipes (Uhler, 1860) | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Pachygronthidae | Pachygrontha antennata (Uhler, 1860) | 27 | 0 | 0 |
Pachygronthidae | Pachygrontha similis Uhler, 1896 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Rhyparochromidae | Botocudo japonicus (Hidaka, 1959) | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Rhyparochromidae | Gyndes pallicornis (Dallas, 1852) | 9 | 1 | 0 |
Rhyparochromidae | Metochus abbreviatus Scott, 1874 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
Rhyparochromidae | Neolethaeus dallasi (Scott, 1874) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Rhyparochromidae | Pamerana scotti (Distant, 1901) | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Rhyparochromidae | Panaorus japonicus (Stål, 1874) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Rhyparochromidae | Stigmatonotum geniculatum (Motschulsky, 1863) | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Rhyparochromidae | Togo hemipterus (Scott, 1874) | 16 | 0 | 0 |
Geocoridae | Geocoris proteus Distant, 1883 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
Geocoridae | Geocoris varius (Uhler, 1860) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Blissidae | Dimorphopterus bicoloripes (Distant, 1883) | 45 | 0 | 0 |
Lygaeidae | Nysius plebeius Distant, 1883 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
Lygaeidae | Nysius sp. | 175 | 0 | 0 |
Malcidae | Chauliops fallax Scott, 1874 | 29 | 0 | 0 |
Berytidae | Metacanthus pulchellus Dallas, 1852 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Berytidae | Yemma exilis Horváth, 1905 | 18 | 1 | 0 |
Largidae | Physopelta gutta (Burmeister, 1834) | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Largidae | Physopelta parviceps Blöte, 1931 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Pyrrhocoridae | Pyrrhocoris sibiricus Kuschakewitsch, 1866 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Alydidae | Leptocorisa chinensis Dallas, 1852 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
Alydidae | Paraplesius vulgaris (Hsiao, 1964) | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Alydidae | Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius, 1775) | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Rhopalidae | Liorhyssus hyalinus (Fabricius, 1794) | 7 | 0 | 0 |
Rhopalidae | Rhopalus maculatus (Fieber, 1837) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Rhopalidae | Stictopleurus punctatonervosus (Goeze, 1778) | 4 | 0 | 0 |
Coreidae | Acanthocoris sordidus (Thunberg, 1783) | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Coreidae | Cletus punctiger (Dallas, 1852) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Coreidae | Cletus schmidti Kiritshenko, 1916 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
Coreidae | Homoeocerus unipunctatus (Thunberg, 1783) | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Coreidae | Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Coreidae | Paradasynus spinosus Hsiao, 1963 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Plataspidae | Megacopta punctatissima (Montandon, 1896) | 12 | 0 | 0 |
Cydnidae | Adomerus triguttulus (Motschulsky, 1866) | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Cydnidae | Adrisa magna (Uhler, 1860) | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Cydnidae | Chilocoris confusus Horváth, 1919 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Cydnidae | Macroscytus japonensis Scott, 1874 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
Cydnidae | Microporus nigrita (Fabricius, 1794) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Scutelleridae | Poecilocoris lewisi (Distant, 1883) | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Pentatomidae | Aelia fieberi Scott, 1874 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Pentatomidae | Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Pentatomidae | Dybowskyia reticulata (Dallas, 1851) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Pentatomidae | Eysarcoris annamita Breddin, 1909 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Pentatomidae | Glaucias subpunctatus (Walker, 1867) | 1 | 3 | 0 |
Pentatomidae | Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) | 3 | 3 | 0 |
Pentatomidae | Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Pentatomidae | Plautia stali Scott, 1874 | 10 | 6 | 1 |
Acanthosomatidae | Acanthosoma denticaudum Jakovlev, 1880 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Acanthosomatidae | Acanthosoma giganteum Matsumura, 1913 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Acanthosomatidae | Sastragala esakii Hasegawa, 1959 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Known as a recent alien species to Japan (
Known as a recent alien species to Japan (
Known as a recent alien species to Japan (
So far known as “Campylomma chinense Schuh, 1984” in Japan (
Known as a recent alien species to Japan (Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture) (
Recently rediscovered after being undetected for 59 years (
Recently described as a new species from Komaba Campus (