Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomic Paper
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Corresponding author: Magdi S. El-Hawagry (elhawagry@cu.edu.eg)
Academic editor: Arturo Goldarazena
Received: 24 Mar 2020 | Accepted: 26 Apr 2020 | Published: 29 Apr 2020
© 2020 Magdi El-Hawagry, Salah El-Din El-Azab, Mahmoud Abdel-Dayem, Hathal Al Dhafer
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
El-Hawagry MS, El-Azab SE-DA, Abdel-Dayem MS, Al Dhafer HM (2020) Biting midges of Egypt (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e52357. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e52357
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This study is one in a series of planned studies on different Egyptian dipteran taxa aiming to catalogue the whole order in Egypt.
All known Egyptian taxa of the family Ceratopogonidae (biting midges) are systematically catalogued. A total number of 64 species belonging to 11 genera, four tribes and four subfamilies has been treated. Data for this study have been compiled from both available literature and specimens collected from different Egyptian localities by the authors. An updated classification, synonymies, type localities, world distributions by biogeographic realm(s) and country, Egyptian localities and dates of collection are provided comprising some new locality records. The study treats all previous inaccuracies in the classification of the family in Egypt.
Checklist, geographical distribution, Egyptian localities, dates of collection.
Ceratopogonidae is an extremely diverse family of small nematocerous flies (usually less than 3 mm) commonly known as biting midges, with some 130 recognised genera and almost 6,300 extant species distributed worldwide (
The females of most ceratopogonid species are blood-suckers of vertebrates, particularly along sea shores, rivers, lakes and mangrove swamps. Members of the genera Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse are the best known to suck the blood of vertebrate animals, including humans, to get protein for egg-laying. Culicoides is the most important ever, as many species of which are implicated in the spread of pathogens and parasites to man and other animals. However, although members of the genus Leptoconops are not known to be involved in the spread of disease, they are important biting pests as their bites are painful and reactions to them last for several days in sensitive people (
Ceratopogonid adults can be distinguished by their wings: wing with hind margin with simple setulae, with eight or fewer longitudinal veins reaching margin, vein M1+2 usually forked, vein R2+3 straight or virtually so (arrowed) not arched and basal medial cross-vein absent (
In Egypt, biting midges constitute a major threat to the tourism industry, especially at recreational beaches and in the resort areas of Southern Sinai, the North Coast and the Red Sea shores (
Some previous studies have been carried out to study the Egyptian fauna of biting midges, including:
In the present study, a total of 64 species belonging to 11 genera, four tribes and four subfamilies has been catalogued (Table
Subfamily |
Tribes |
Genera |
Species |
Leptoconopinae |
— |
1 |
3 |
Forcipomyiinae |
— |
2 |
13 |
Dasyheleinae |
— |
1 |
10 |
Ceratopogoninae |
4 |
7 |
38 |
Total |
4 |
11 |
64 |
This study is one in a series of planned studies on different Egyptian dipteran taxa aiming to catalogue the whole order in Egypt (
Data sources. The present catalogue is based mainly on data obtained from previous studies on the Egyptian Ceratopogonidae (all treated species have been recorded in previous studies), in addition to specimens collected by the author and his co-workers from different Egyptian localities using light traps (only 8 species: Atrichopogon homoius Ingram and Macfie, Atrichopogon luteicollis (Becker), Forcipomyia psilonota (Kieffer), Forcipomyia fuliginosa (Meigen), Culicoides circumscriptus Kieffer, Culicoides distinctipennis Austen, Culicoides puncticollis (Becker) and Culicoides schultzei (Enderlein)). A great deal of information, including synonymies (particularly Old World synonyms) and distributional data has been obtained from relevant literature and website databases as well. These sources are listed in the following subsections.
Study area. Egypt, the study area, is a part of the Great Desert Belt, it is characterised by a warm and almost rainless climate and it is one of the driest countries in the world (
Classification and arrangement of taxa. The current classification and arrangement of taxa of the family Ceratopogonidae basically follows that used in the world catalogues (
World distribution. Data on world distribution are mainly according to
Local distribution (Egyptian localities) and dates of collection. The distributional data and dates of collection that are known so far in the different ecological zones of Egypt are given. Localities within each ecological zone are arranged alphabetically and written after a colon following the ecological zone, for example, "Lower Nile Valley & Delta: EI-Qanatir, EI-Mansoura, Marsafa ".
The basic sources for this part of the catalogue are data from some specimens collected from different Egyptian localities by the authors, in addition to literature records from previous studies on the Egyptian fauna of biting midges, including:
Abbreviations used:
Leptoconops Skuse, 1889 [
Mycterotypus Noè, 1905 [
Protersesthes Kieffer, 1921 [
Tersesthes Townsend, 1893 [
Schizoconops Kieffer, 1918 [
Holoconops Kieffer, 1918 [
Microconops Kieffer, 1921 [
Leptoconops kerteszi Kieffer, 1908 [
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Gebel Maryiam, Moaskar). Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Cairo. Sinai: Bir El-Abd. Western Desert: Saqqara, Wadi El-Natroun.
Dates of collection in Egypt: December to July.
Leptoconops macfiei Clastrier, 1975 [
AF: Sudan, Yemen (Kamaran Is.). PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Gebel Maryiam, Moaskar). Sinai: Bir El-Abd.
Dates of collection in Egypt: January to April.
Holoconops transversalis Kieffer, 1921 [
PA: ?Egypt, Tunisia.
Local distribution in Egypt: Unknown.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
?- This species was listed as recorded from Egypt by Steyskal & El-Bialy (1967), but no specimens or published records have been found
Atrichopogon Kieffer, 1906 [
Kempia Kieffer, 1913 [
Gymnohelea Kieffer, 1921 [
Dolichohelea Edwards, 1929 [
Lophomyidium Cordero, 1929 [
Psilokempia Enderlein, 1936 [
Meloehelea Wirth, 1956 [
Psammopogon Remm, 1979 [
Rostropogon Remm, 1979 [
Impensukempia Yu, 2001 [
Bessamyia Yu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Hao, Yan and Zhao, 2005 [
Atrichopogon callipotami Macfie, 1924 [
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Cairo.
Dates of collection in Egypt: December.
Ceratopogon flavitarsatus Becker, 1903 [
Atrichopogon flavitarsatus: Szadziewski, 1984 [
PA: Egypt, Spain.
Local distribution in Egypt: Upper Nile Valley: Luxor.
Dates of collection in Egypt: December.
Atrichopogon homoium Ingram & Macfie, 1921 [
Atrichopogon alfierii Kieffer, 1925 [
AF: Ghana. PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Ayiat, El-Hager (Mansheyet El-Qanatir), El-Qanatir, El-Badrasheen, Maadi. Upper Nile Valley: Assiout, Asswan, Beni Hassan, Dendera, Girga.
Dates of collection in Egypt: August to December.
Atrichopogon isis Kieffer, 1925 [
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi (at border of the Nile).
Dates of collection in Egypt: October.
Ceratopogon luteicollis Becker, 1903 [
Ceratopogon flavoscutellatus Becker, 1908 [
Atrichopogon atriscapula: Macfie 1924 [
Atrichopogon aegyptius Kieffer, 1925 [
Atrichopogon phrixus de Meillon, 1943 [
Atrichopogon sanani Boorman & van Harten, 2002 [
AF: South Africa, Sudan, Yemen. PA: Algeria, Canary Islands, Egypt, Israel, Spain.
Local distribution in Egypt: Fayoum: Shakshook. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Cairo, El-Hager (Mansheyet El-Qanatir), Maadi (at border of the Nile). Upper Nile Valley: Asswan, Beni Hassan, Dendera, Edfu, Girga, Luxor. El Sammaneen (Luxor). Western Desert: El-Bustan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: August to December.
Atrichopogon osiris Kieffer, 1925 [
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi.
Dates of collection in Egypt: October.
Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 [
Labidomyia Stephens, 1829 [
Tetraphora Philippi, 1865 [
Prohelea Kieffer, 1911 [
Euprojoannisia Brèthes, 1914 [
Euforcipomyia Malloch, 1915 [
Cryptoscena Enderlein, 1936 [
Proforcipomyia Saunders, 1957 [
Ceratopogon psilonota Kieffer, 1911 [
Ceratopogon aplonota Kieffer, 1911 [
Ceratopogon seychelleana Kieffer, 1911 [
Ceratopogon seychelleana var. fulvithorax Kieffer, 1911 [
Forcipomyia indecora Kieffer, 1914 [
Forcipomyia litoralis Santos Abreu, 1918 [
Forcipomyia ingrami Carter, 1919 [
Forcipomyia egypti Macfie, 1924 [
Forcipomyia hathor Kieffer, 1925 [
Forcipomyia conogensis Goetghebuer, 1933 [
Forcipomyia flavipilosella Goetghebuer, 1933 [
Forcipomyia lulengaensis Goetghebuer, 1935 [
Forcipomyia superata Goetghebuer, 1935 [
Forcipomyia griseipluma Goetghebuer, 1935 [
Forcipomyia griseolella Goetghebuer, 1948 [
AF: Widely distributed. PA: Algeria, Andorra, Azores, Bahrain, Canary Is., Egypt, Israel, Spain.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moaskar). Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Ayiat, El-Qanatir, Maadi. Upper Nile Valley: Asswan, Benni Hassan. Western Desert: El-Bustan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: August to December.
Forcipomyia biannulata Ingram & Macfie, 1924 [
Forcipomyia bicolorata Goetghebuer, 1935 [
Forcipomyia marginella Goetghebuer, 1935 [
Forcipomyia quatuorguttata Goetghebuer, 1935 [
Forcipomyia nigricosta Goetghebuer, 1935 [
Forcipomyia pallidula Goetghebuer, 1948 [
Forcipomyia abonnenci Clastrier, 1959 [
AF: Widespread. PA: Canary Islands, Egypt, Israel.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moaskar). Fayoum: Shakshook. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: El-Badrasheen, El-Qanatir. Upper Nile Valley: Asswan, Sohag (El-Shewash).
Dates of collection in Egypt: September to February.
Apelma nilicola Kieffer, 1925 [
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi. Upper Nile Valley: Sohag (El-Shewash).
Dates of collection in Egypt: September and October.
Forcipomyia urnigera Kieffer, 1925 [
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi (at border of the Nile).
Dates of collection in Egypt: July.
Lepidohelea Kieffer, 1917 [
Forcipomyia pulcherrima Santos Abreu, 1918 [
Lepidohelea ornatipes Kieffer, 1921 [
Lepidohelea formosae Kieffer, 1922 [
Forcipomyia lepidota Ingram and Macfie, 1924 [
Forcipomyia variegata Goetghebuer, 1933 [
Forcipomyia marsafae Ghonaim, Ibrahim and Ali, 2001 [
AF: Widely distributed. AU: Hawaii. NE: USA. OR: Widely distributed. PA: Canary Islands, Egypt, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: El-Badrasheen, El-Qanatir, Marsafa. Upper Nile Valley: Asswan, Luxor (El-Sammaneen), Sohag (El-Shewash).
Dates of collection in Egypt: September to April.
Microhelea Kieffer, 1917 [
Phasmidohelea Mayer, 1937 [
Ceratopogon fuliginosa Meigen, 1818 [
Ceratopogon villosa Zetterstedt, 1850 [
Ceratopogon crudelis Karsch, 1886 [
Ceratopogon hirtipes de Meijere, 1907 [
Forcipomyia brevimana Lundström, 1910 [
Ceratopogon inornatipennis Austen, 1912 [
Forcipomyia bipunctata var. obscura Santos Abreu, 1918 [
Ceratopogon alboclavata Kieffer, 1919 [
Ceratopogon canaliculata Goetghebuer, 1920 [
Forcipomyia nilotheres Macfie, 1924 [
Forcipomyia inornatipennis var. ornaticrus Ingram and Macfie, 1924 [
Forcipomyia atripennis Goetghebuer, 1935 [
Forcipomyia auripila Goetghebuer, 1935 [
Forcipomyia curtimana Goetghebuer, 1935 [
Forcipomyia grisescens Goetghebuer, 1935 [
Forcipomyia vicina Goetghebuer, 1935 [
Forcipomyia longiradialis Tokunaga, 1940 [
Forcipomyia takagii Tokunaga, 1941 [
Lasiohelea wansoni Harant and Baur, 1946 [
AF: Widely distributed in AF, NE, NEO, OR and PA.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: El-Badrasheen, Giza. Upper Nile. Valley: Assiout. Western Desert: El-Bustan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: December & April.
Synthyridomyia Saunders, 1957 [
Ceratopogon murinus Winnertz, 1852 [
Helea murina var. abdominalis Santos Abreu, 1918 [
Apelma aurosparsum Kieffer, 1919 [
Forcipomyia sulfurea Kieffer, 1923 [
Forcipomyia hirtipalpis Kieffer, 1924 [
Forcipomyia sate Kieffer, 1925 [
Forcipomyia longitarsis Tokunaga, 1940 [
Forcipomyia moascari Macfie, 1943 [
Forcipomyia attonsa Goetghebuer, 1950 [
Forcipomyia tokunagai Wirth, 1973: 356 [
Forcipomyia submurina Remm, 1980 [
Widespread in AF, PA and NE.
Local distribution in Egypt: Coastal Strip: Alexandria (Sidi Gaber). Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar), Suez (Guyot Garden). Lower Nile Valley & Delta: El-Qanatir, Maadi. Upper Nile Valley: Asswan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: August to April.
Dasyhelea Kieffer, 1911 [
Prokempia Kieffer, 1913 [
Pseudoculicoides Malloch, 1915 [
Tetrahelea Kieffer, 1925 [
Dicryptoscena Enderlein, 1936 [
Sebessia Remm, 1979 [
Borkentimyia Yu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Hao, Yan and Zhao, 2005 [
Dasyhelea inconspicuosa var. arenivaga Macfie, 1943 [
PA: Algeria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Egypt, Israel, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Upper Nile Valley: Asswan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: November to March.
Dasyhelea arenosa Kieffer, 1925 [
PA: Algeria, Egypt, Spain.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Pyramids.
Dates of collection in Egypt: April.
Dasyhelea begueti Kieffer, 1922 [
Dasyhelea astyla Kieffer, 1922b: 510. Type locality: Algeria.
Dasyhelea hirtipes Kieffer, 1922b: 510 (as variety of begueti, preoccupied by Dasyhelea hirtipes (Kieffer, 1917). Type locality: Algeria.
PA: Algeria, Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Coastal Strip: Alexandria (sea shore). Eastern Desert: Suez (Guyot Gardens), Wadis near Helwan. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi.
Dates of collection in Egypt: April and October.
Dasyhelea inconspicuosa var. egypti Macfie, 1943 [
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar), Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi.
Dates of collection in Egypt: February to November.
Dasyhelea fusca Carter, Ingram and Macfie, 1921 [
AF: Ghana, Madagascar, Mozambique, South Africa. AF: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar).
Dates of collection in Egypt: March and April.
Dasyhelea inconspicuosa var. heliophila Macfie, 1943 [
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Nifisha).
Dates of collection in Egypt: July.
Dasyhelea ismailiae Macfie, 1943 [
AF: South Africa. PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar).
Dates of collection in Egypt: February and March.
Dasyhelea luteocincta Kieffer, 1925 [
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi.
Dates of collection in Egypt: October.
Ceratopogon modestus Winnertz, 1852 [
Ceratopogon aestivus Winnertz, 1852 [
Dasyhelea longipalpis Kieffer, 1913 [
Dasyhelea inclusa Kieffer, 1918 [
Dasyhelea strobli Kieffer, 1919 [
Dasyhelea pratensis Goetghebuer, 1920 [
Dasyhelea bihamata Kieffer, 1923 [
Dasyhelea moascari Macfie, 1943 [
Dasyhelea densipilosa Tokunaga, 1963 [
AF: Yemen. PA: Afghanistan, Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., China, Czech Republic, Egypt, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Iran, Japan, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Lower Nile Valley & Delta: EI-Qanatir, EI-Mansoura, Marsafa. Western Desert: EI-Bustan (Beheira).
Dates of collection in Egypt: February, April, August and November.
Dasyhelea nyasae Ingram and Macfie, 1925 [
AF: Malawi, Uganda. PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Western Desert: EI-Bustan (Beheira).
Dates of collection in Egypt: February.
Culicoides Latreille, 1809 [
Padrosia Rafinesque, 1815 [
Oecacta Poey, 1853 [
Psychophaena Philippi, 1865 [
Haematomyidium Goeldi, 1905 [
Cotocripus Brèthes, 1912 [
Oxyhelea Kieffer, 1921 [
Diplosella Kieffer, 1921 [
Haemophoructus Macfie, 1925 [
Prosapelma Kieffer, 1925 [
Synhelea Kieffer, 1925 [
Hoffmania Fox, 1948 [
Beltranmyia Vargas, 1953 [
Selfia Khalaf, 1954 [
Monoculicoides Khalaf, 1954 [
Macfiella Fox, 1955 [
Avaritia Fox, 1955 [
Trithecoides Wirth and Hubert, 1959 [
Anilomyia Vargas, 1960 [
Drymodesmyia Vargas, 1960 [
Diphaomyia Vargas, 1960 [
Glaphiromyia Vargas, 1960 [
Mataemyia Vargas, 1960 [
Meijerehelea Wirth and Hubert, 1961 [
Pontoculicoides Remm, 1968 [
Callotia Vargas and Kremer, 1972 [
Wirthomyia Vargas, 1973 [
Sensiculicoides Shevchenko, 1977 [
Remmia Glukhova, 1977 [
Silvaticulicoides Glukhova, 1977 [
Neoculicoides Boorman and Lane, 1979 [
Nullicella Lee, 1982 [
Sinocoides Chu, 1983 [
Jilinocoides Chu, 1983 [
Amossovia Glukhova, 1989 [
Silvicola Mirzaeva and Isaev, 1990 [
Tokunagahelea Dyce and Meiswinkel, 1995 [
Fastus Liu, 2005 [
Marksomyia Bellis and Dyce, 2011 [
Devalquia Choufani and Nel, 2013 [
Culicoides azerbajdzhanicus Dzhafarov, 1962 [
AF: Senegal. PA: Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Morocco, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: El-Tour, Marsa Abu Zabad, Wadi Ba'aba'a (S. Sinai).
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
Culicoides bedfordi Ingram and Macfie, 1923 [
AF: Cameroon, Kenya, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zimbabwe. PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: EI-Hamra, EI-Qanatir. Upper Nile Valley: Luxor. Western Desert: Baharriya Oasis (EI-Hara), Wadi El-Natroun.
Dates of collection in Egypt: August to December.
Culicoides calloti Kremer, Delécolle and Bailly-Choumara and Chaker, 1979 [
PA: Egypt, Israel, Morocco.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: El-Tour (Wadi Dissa), Hammam Moussa.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
Culicoides cataneii Clastrier, 1957 [
PA: Algeria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Italy, former Yugoslavia, Morocco, Russia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: El-Arish.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
Culicoides catharinae Kremer, Delécolle and Braverman, 1991 [
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: St. Catherine (S. Sinai).
Dates of collection in Egypt: June.
Culicoides circumscriptus Kieffer, 1918 [
Culicoides nadayanus Kieffer, 1918 [
Culicoides edwardsi Goetghebuer, 1921 [
Culicoides algarum Kieffer, 1924 [
Culicoides salicola Kieffer, 1924 [
Culicoides salicola var. pictidorsum Kieffer, 1924 [
Culicoides albonotatus Vimmer, 1932 [
Culicoides albosignatus Vimmer, 1932 [
Culicoides polymaculatus Vimmer, 1932 [
Culicoides pulcher Zilahi-Sebess, 1934 [
Culicoides kirovabadicus Dzhafarov, 1964 [
Culicoides circumscriptus matsuensis Lien, Weng and Lin, 1996 [
Culicoides circumscriptus meridionalis Xue, Liu and Yu, 2003 [
OR & PA: Widespread in Asia and Europe, Egypt, Tunisia.
Local distribution in Egypt: Coastal Strip: Abis. Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Fayoum: EI-Siliyin, Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Abbassiya (Cairo), Abu-Rawash, Aga, El-Hager (Mansheyet El-Qanater), EI-Qanatir, Mit Yaish (Mit Ghamr), Nawasa El-Gheit. Upper Nile Valley: Assiout (Biblaw), Minya. Western Desert: Abis, El-Bustan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: March to November.
Culicoides distinctipennis Austen, 1912 [
Forcipomyia multiguttata Goetghebuer, 1935 [
AF: Widespread. PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia. Fayoum: EI-Siliyin. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Abbassiya, Abu-Rawash, Ashmoun, Ayiat, Bulaq El-Dakrour, Cairo, El-Khanka, El-Mansoura, EI-Qanatir, Etay El-Baroud, Kafr Hamza, Kafr Tarkhan, Maadi, Mit Yaish (Mit Ghamr), Shatanuf. Upper Nile Valley: Assiout. Western Desert: El-Bustan, Itay El-Baroud.
Dates of collection in Egypt: May to December.
Culicoides firuzae Dzhafarov, 1958 [
PA: Armenia, Azerbaijan Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Wadi Ba’aba’a.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
Culicoides hanae Braverman, Delécole and Krémer, 1983 [
PA: Egypt, Israel.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Qadesh Barnea (El-Arish).
Dates of collection in Egypt: November.
Culicoides imicola Kieffer, 1913 [
Ceratopogon pallidipennis Carter, Ingram and Macfie, 1920 [
Culicoides iraqensis Khalaf, 1957 [
Culicoides minutus Sen and Das Gupta, 1959 [
Culicoides pseudoturgidus Das Gupta, 1962 [
AF: Widespread. OR: India, Laos, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. PA: Algeria, Cyprus, France, the Near and Middle East, Morocco, Portugal, Spain.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar), Suez. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Giza, Bulaq El-Dakrour.
Dates of collection in Egypt: February to May.
Culicoides jumineri Callot and Krémer, 1969 [
PA: Algeria, Corsica, Egypt, Israel, Morocco, Tunisia, Portugal, Spain, Turkey.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Ga’al.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
Culicoides kingi Austen, 1912 [
Culicoides nilotes Kieffer, 1925 [
AF: Sudan. PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi. Sinai: Bir El-Abd.
Dates of collection in Egypt: February to April and August to November.
Culicoides langeroni Kieffer, 1921 [
PA: Egypt, Iran, Israel, Tunisia.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Bir El-Abd, El-Tour, Hammam Moussa.
Dates of collection in Egypt: July.
Culicoides leucostictus Kieffer, 1911 [
Culicoides praetermissus Carter, Ingram and Macfie, 1920 [
Culicoides distinctipennis var. egypti Macfie, 1924 [
Culicoides pharao Kieffer, 1925 [
AF: Widespread. PA: Cyprus, Egypt, Israel.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi. Upper Nile Valley: Assiout, Minya. Western Desert: Wadi El-Natroun.
Dates of collection in Egypt: October to April.
Culicoides marcleti Callot, Krémer and Basset, 1968 [
PA: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Spain, Tunisia.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Khirba.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
Culicoides maritimus Kieffer, 1924 [
Culicoides submaritimus Dzhafarov, 1962 [
PA: Europe (Widespread), Middle East and North Africa.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Bir El-Abd, Salmana, Ga’al, Khirba.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
Culicoides mesghalii Naval, 1973 [
PA: Egypt, Iran, Israel.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Mersa Abu Zabad.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
Culicoides navaiae Lane, 1983 [
PA: Egypt, Saudi Arabia.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Khirba.
Dates of collection in Egypt: April.
Culicoides neavei Austen, 1912 [
Doubtful record.
AF: Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Upper Volta, Zaire, Zimbabwe. PA: ?Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: ?Eastern Desert: ?Ismailia.
?- This Afrotropical species was listed as recorded from Egypt by Morsy et al. (1989), but no specimens have been found to ensure this record. It must be considered very doubtful as an Egyptian species.
Culicoides newsteadi Austen, 1921 [
Culicoides biclavatus Kieffer, 1924 [
Culicoides halophilus Kieffer, 1924 [
Culicoides pulicaris var. edwardsi Goetghebuer, 1933 [
Culicoides pulicaris var. edwardsianus Goetghebuer, 1933 [
PA: Algeria, Egypt, Europe (distributed through much of Europe), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Morocco.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Sheikh Zowaiid (N. Sinai). Western Desert: El-Bustan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: February and March.
Culicoides pilosipennis Kieffer, 1925 [
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Suez (Guyot Garden).
Dates of collection in Egypt: April.
Culex pulicaris Linnaeus, 1758 [
Culicoides setosinervis Kieffer, 1913 [
Culicoides pullatus Kieffer, 1915 [
Culicoides stephensi Carter, 1916 [
Culicoides cinerellus Kieffer, 1919 [
Culicoides quinquepunctatus Goetghebuer, 1921 [
Culicoides flaviplumus Kieffer, 1924 [
Culicoides sawamotoi Kono and Takahasi, 1940 [
PA: Widespread.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Sinai: Bir El-Abd.
Dates of collection in Egypt: March to July.
Ceratopogon puncticollis Becker, 1903 [
Ceratopogon pulicaris form algecirensis Strobl, 1900 [
Culicoides impressus Kieffer, 1918 [
Culicoides distigma Kieffer, 1922 [
Culicoides donatieni Kieffer, 1922 [
Culicoides sciniphes Kieffer, 1925 [
Culicoides bipunctatus Vimmer, 1932 [
Culicoides tripunctatus Vimmer, 1932 [
Culicoides wenigi Vimmer, 1932 [
Culicoides flavitarsis Vimmer, 1932 [
Culicoides griseovittatus Vimmer, 1932 [
Culicoides luteosignatus Vimmer, 1932 [
Culicoides vavrai Vimmer, 1932 [
PA: Balearic Is., Belgium, British Is., Corsica, Cyprus, Dodecanese Is., France, Hungary, Italy, Middle East, North Africa, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine.
Local distribution in Egypt: Coastal Strip: Alexandria, Burg El-Arab, Burg Rashid. Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Fayed, Nifisha & Moascar), Suez. Fayoum: Sinnuris. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Abbassiya, Abu-Rawash, Aga, Bulaq El-Dakrour, Cairo, Desouk, El-Basatin, EI-Mansoura, Giza, Maadi, Mit Yaish (Mit Ghamr). Upper Nile Valley: Dairout, Minya. Western Desert: Abis, Itay El-Baroud.
Dates of collection in Egypt: March to November.
Culicoides riethi Kieffer, 1914 [
Culicoides cordatus Kieffer, 1921 [
Culicoides crassiforceps Kieffer, 1924 [
Culicoides gigas Root and Hoffman, 1937 [
NE: from Alaska to Manitoba, south to British Columbia, Wyoming and Nebraska. PA: China, Egypt, Europe (widespread), Iran, Japan, Mongolia, Morocco.
Local distribution in Egypt: Coastal Strip: Roseta. Fayoum: El-Siliyin Lower Nile valley & Delta: Abu-Rawash. Upper Nile Valley: Asswan (Botanical Garden, High Dam), Minya. Western Desert: Wadi El-Natroun.
Dates of collection in Egypt: throughout the year.
Culicoides sahariensis Kieffer, 1923 [
Culicoides similis baghdadensis Khalaf, 1957 [
Culicoides coluzzii Callot, Kremer and Bailly-Choumara, 1970 [
PA: Algeria, Cyprus, Italy, Portuguese, Sicily, Spain, Middle East, Turkey.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Bir El-Abd, Bir Lahfan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
Ceratopogon schultzei Enderlein, 1908 [
Culicoides irroratus Goetghebuer, 1948 [
AF: Widespread. AU: New Ginea. OR: Indonesia. PA: China, Cyprus, Japan, Korea, Middle East, North Africa, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
Local distribution in Egypt: widely distributed.
Dates of collection in Egypt: throughout the year.
Culicoides sejfadinei Dzhafarov, 1958 [
Culicoides flavidus Dzhafarov, 1959 [
PA: Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, China, France, Greece, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Middle East, Morocco, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: Wadi Sa’al.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
Diplosella sergenti Kieffer, 1921 [
Culicoides citrinellus Kieffer, 1923 [
Culicoides mosulensis Khalaf, 1957 [
Culicoides turkmenicus Gutsevich, 1959 [
PA: Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: El-Tour, Wadi Ba’aba’a.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
Culicoides similis Carter, Ingram and Macfie, 1920 [
AF: Widespread. OR: India, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand. PA: Middle East, Morocco.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Kafr El-Zaiyat, Shatanouf.
Dates of collection in Egypt: February to July.
Ceratopogon stigma Meigen, 1818 [
Culicoides kiefferi Goetghebuer, 1910 [
Culicoides cordiformitarsis Carter, 1916 [
Culicoides unimaculatus Goetghebuer, 1920 [
Culicoides stigmoides Callot, Kremer and Deduit, 1962 [
NE: Canada. PA: Egypt, Europe (widespread).
Local distribution in Egypt: Unknown.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
This species was listed as recorded from Egypt by Steyskal & El-Bialy (1967), but no other published records or specimens have been found.
Culicoides vitreipennis Austen, 1921 [
PA: Egypt, Israel.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia (Moascar). Sinai: Bir El-Abd.
Dates of collection in Egypt: April to July.
Alluaudomyia Kieffer, 1913 [
Neoceratopogon Malloch, 1915 [
Prionognathus Carter, Ingram and Macfie, 1921 [
Thysanognathus Ingram and Macfie, 1922 [
Isoecacta Garrett, 1925 [
Thysanognathus melanosticta Ingram and Macfie, 1922 [
Thysanognathus nilogenes Kieffer, 1925 [
AF: Widespread. PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Ismailia. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Ayiat, Maadi. Upper Nile Valley: Beni Hassan.
Dates of collection in Egypt: October to March.
Serromyia Meigen, 1818 [
Prionomyia Stephens, 1829 [
Atmobia Bigot, 1857 [
Ceratolophus Kieffer, 1899 [
Johannseniella Williston, 1907 [
Ceratolophana Strand, 1928 [
Serromyia mangrovi Delécole and Braverman, 1987 [
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Sinai: E-Shira el Gharkana, Marsa Abu Zabad, Ras Muhammad.
Dates of collection in Egypt: Unknown.
Johannsenomyia Malloch, 1915 [
Dicrohelea Kieffer, 1917 [
Ceratopogon imparunguis Becker, 1903 [Becker 1903: 72]. Type locality: Egypt.
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Cairo. Upper Nile Valley: Luxor.
Dates of collection in Egypt: November and December.
Macropeza Meigen, 1818 [
Macroptilum Becker, 1903 [
Haasiella Kieffer, 1913 [
Macroptilum nudum Becker, 1903 [
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Cairo. Upper Nile Valley: Sohag (EI-Shewash).
Dates of collection in Egypt: September to November.
Nilobezzia Kieffer, 1921 [
Crespinia Kieffer, 1923 [
Parrotia Kieffer, 1923 [
Sphaerobezzia Zilahi-Sebess, 1940 [
Parrotia nilotica Kieffer, 1925 [
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Maadi.
Dates of collection in Egypt: October.
Bezzia Kieffer, 1899 [
Pseudobezzia Malloch, 1915 [
Allobezzia Kieffer, 1917 [
Lasiobezzia Kieffer, 1925 [
Homobezzia Macfie, 1932 [
Sivabezzia Remm, 1974 [
Pygobezzia Remm, 1974 [
Aspinabezzia Dow and Turner, 1976 [
Bezzia aegyptia Kieffer, 1925 [
PA: Egypt.
Local distribution in Egypt: Eastern Desert: Suez.
Dates of collection in Egypt: September.
Ceratopogon albicornis Meigen, 1818 [
Ceratopogon pallidetarsata Strobl, 1900 [
Bezzia strobli Kieffer, 1919 [
Bezzia brevinervis Kieffer, 1919 [
Homobezzia atrata Macfie, 1944 [
AF: Gambia, Nigeria, South Africa, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. PA: Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, Europe (widespread), Israel, Lebanon.
Local distribution in Egypt: Fayoum: Etsa, Fayoum City. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Banha, Cairo, EI-Mansoura, El-Qanatir, Maadi, Marsafa. Western Desert: EI-Bustan (Beheira).
Dates of collection in Egypt: March to November.
We would like to extend our sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this study [research group: RGP-1438-082].
All authors contributed equally to this manuscript