Biodiversity Data Journal :
Taxonomic paper
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Corresponding author:
Academic editor: Rodolphe Rougerie
Received: 14 Jun 2015 | Accepted: 15 Jul 2015 | Published: 17 Jul 2015
© 2015 Olga Schmidt
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Schmidt O (2015) List of primary types of the larentiine moth species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) described from Indonesia - a starting point for biodiversity assessment of the subfamily in the region. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5447. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5447
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The Indonesian geometrid moth fauna is rich and diverse, yet it is poorly studied. This is particularly the case for the second largest geometrid subfamily Larentiinae which comprises moths with predominantly high mountainous distribution in the tropics. The present study provides a first inventory of the primary type specimens of larentiine moth species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) described from Indonesia.
The list of species described from Indonesia is arranged alphabetically by the tribe, genus, and species, and presents data on 251 species and subspecies. For each species type status, type locality, depository, and a full reference to the original description are listed. Synonyms with Indonesian type localities are included. The study indicates a large part of the Indonesian geometrid fauna belong to the tribe Eupitheciini.
Checklist, diversity, Eupitheciini, geometrid moths, Larentiinae, type specimens, Republic of Indonesia
Indonesia is a large archipelago, comprising thousands of islands in Southeast Asia and Oceania, with a total area of about 1,91 million square kilometers. It shares land borders with Malaysia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea, and maritime boundaries with the neighbouring countries including Australia, Palau, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Although several surveys of the rich and diverse fauna of Macrolepidoptera have been conducted in selected regions of Indonesia (e.g.
Larentiinae are the second most species-rich geometrid subfamily after Ennominae, with 6,230 described species (
The present list brings together scattered knowledge on the larentiine moths described from Indonesia. Major taxonomic papers embracing data on the Lepidoptera fauna of Indonesia were checked, from the earliest records by
The name of the original genus is given in parentheses after the name of the valid genus. The status of the type is noted. Citations of references for each species are given under "Nomenclature". The altitude is presented as in the original description. Valid species, valid subspecies and synonyms with Indonesian type localities are included. "Distribution" embraces the type locality only.
Type locality: [West Papua], Dutch New Guinea
The species is illustrated in
The species is illustrated in
Type locality: Java, Mt Arjuno
Type locality: Syntype localities: India, Khasia Hills, Celebes (south) [Sulawesi]
The species is described from India, Khasia Hills and Indonesia, Celebes (south) [Sulawesi]. The species is illustrated in
Type locality: Sumatra, Slopes of Mt Korintji, 7300 ft.
Type locality: Sumatra, Slopes of Mt Korintji, 7300 ft.
The species A. attenuata (Moore, 1887) is illustrated in
The species A. filicata (Swinhoe, 1892) is illustrated in
The species B. dilatata Walker (1866) is illustrated in
The species is illustrated in
Type locality: Sumatra, Slopes of Mt Korintji
The species C. semiscripta Warren (1906) is illustrated in
The species C. ghosha Walker (1862) is illustrated in
The species is illustrated in
The subspecies C. stellata oblitera is described as C. griseipalpis oblitera
The species is described as subspecies of G. mesophoena celebensis. The species G. celebensis is illustrated in
The species G. derogata (Walker, 1866) is illustrated in
Synonym: G. semivinosa
The species is described from Malaysia, Borneo, Sarawak and deposited in OUM. The synonym G. (Chloroclystis) semivinosa
The species G. nepotalis is described as subspecies of G. latipennis Prout (1958) and illustrated in
The species is illustrated in
The synonym G. maculilinea (Warren, 1898) is described from [West Papua], Key [Kai] Islands
Synonym: M. ampla
The species is described from Malaysia, Borneo and deposited in OUM. The synonym M. (Megatheca?) ampla (Warren, 1899) is described from Lesser Sunda Islands, Lombok
The species is illustrated in
The species P. palpata (Walker, 1862) is illustrated in
The species is illustrated in
The species is illustrated in
Synonym: P. conferta
The species is described from Malaysia, Borneo and deposited in OUM. The synonym P. (Eupithecia) conferta (Swinhoe, 1902) is described from Kalimantan, Pulo Laut. The species P. obliterata is illustrated in
The species is illustrated in
Synonyms: P. interrupta, P. phanoides, P. praelustris
The species is described from British New Guinea [Papua New Guinea], Mt Kebea, 3000 ft. Three synonyms P. interrupta (
Synonym: P. pallidivirens pullivirens
The species is described from British New Guinea [Papua New Guinea], Upper Aroa River. The synonym P. (Chloroclystis) pallidivirens pullivirens (Prout, 1935) is described from Java (east), Nongkodjadjar
The species is illustrated in
The species is illustrated in
The species Z. baliensis Prout (1958) is described as subspecies of Z. xylinaria Walker (1863). The synonym Z. xylinaria florensis Prout (1958) is described from Lesser Sunda Islands, Flores (south)
Synonyms: Z. xylinaria subaequata, Z. subrubida
The species is described from Malaysia, Borneo, Sarawak, deposited in OUM and illustrated in
The synonym P. multiplicata erebenna Prout (1935) is described from Java (east), Mt Moenggal, 9000 ft. and Bromo to Caldeira
The species is illustrated in
The species is illustrated in
Synonym: H. hypelaina
The species is described from [West Papua], Arfak Mts, Angi Lakes, 6000 ft. The synonym H. (Phthonoloba) hypelaina (Prout, 1929) is described from [Moluccas], Ceram [Seram] (central), Manusela
The species is illustrated in
The species is illustrated in
The species Sauris usta (Warren, 1895) is illustrated in
The species is illustrated in
The species is illustrated in
The species T. (Sauris) erecta Warren (1895) is illustrated in
Type locality: Sumatra, Slopes of Mt Korintji, 7300 ft.
Synonym: G. subpilosa
The species is described from British New Guinea [Papua New Guinea], Upper Aroa River. The synonym G. subpilosa
The synonym X. roseopicta Warren (1903) is described from Celebes [Sulawesi]
The species is originally described as subspecies (ab.) of X. ludifica Warren (1898)
Synonym: A. pictaria flavifascia
The species A. pictaria is described from India, Darjeeling. The synonym A. pictaria flavifascia Prout (1935) is described from [Java (east)], Nongkodjadjar and Singolangoe. The species A. pictaria is illustrated in
Synonym: A. pulchella interposita
The species is described from India, Nilgiri district, S slopes, 3000 ft. The synonym A. pulchella interposita Prout (1935) is described from Java (east), Nongkodjadjar
The species belong neither to that genus, nor to the tribe Asthenini (
The species belong neither to that genus, nor to the tribe Asthenini (
The synonym E. subrosea (Warren, 1897) is described from Bali
The species is illustrated in
Synonym: E. metriopis
The species is described from Malaysia, Borneo. The synonym E. metriopis (Meyrick, 1897) is described from Borneo and nr Kalimantan, Pulo Laut. The species E. plumbacea is illustrated in
Synonym: P. subcaesia neutralis
The species is described from [Papua New Guinea], Upper Aroa River. The synonym P. subcaesia neutralis (Prout, 1922) is described from [Moluccas], Ceram [Seram], Manusela, 6000 ft.
The species is described as subspecies of P. ornatipennis (Prout, 1941) and illustrated in
The species is described as subspecies of P. ornatipennis (Prout, 1941) and illustrated in
Lectotype has been designated (
Synonym: S. viriditincta
The species is described from [Papua New Guinea], Angabunga River. The synonym S. viriditincta (Rothschild, 1916) is described from [West Papua], Snow Mountains, Utakwa [Oetakwa] River, 2500-3000 ft.
The species is described as subspecies of V. sordidata (Moore, 1888) and illustrated in
The species is described as subspecies of V. sordidata (Moore, 1888) and illustrated in
The species is described as subspecies of V. sordidata (Moore, 1888) and illustrated in
The species is described as subspecies of V. vinosa (Warren, 1907) and illustrated in
The current list presents data on 210 species and 41 subspecies of larentiine moths described from Indonesia so far, of which 33 species occur on Borneo (Malaysia) and were in detail illustrated by Holloway (1997). The Indonesian type specimens are deposited in NHM (239 specimens), OUM (six specimens), NBC (two specimens), and in NHRS, RBINS, ZMMU and ZSM (one specimen each). The majority of species (66%) were described by L.B. Prout, followed by W. Warren (17%). The species and subspecies described from Indonesia belong to seven tribes, namely Asthenini (1.2%), Cidariini (4%), Eupitheciini (38.2%), Larentiini (0.4%), Melanthiini (4%), Trichopterygini (19.1%), Xanthorhoini (10.8%) or have uncertain tribal placement (22.3%).
The tribal placement of many species needs to be evaluated. However, according to preliminary data involving the study of the species described from other regions and apparently occurring in Indonesia (Schmidt, unpubl. data), the tribe Eupitheciini and its close allies seem to be dominant in Indonesia. Moreover, the high-altitude Indonesian fauna is poorly studied so far. Considering high diversity of eupitheciines in mountainous regions and unresolved taxonomic problems in the group (e.g. sibling species), a large proportion of Eupitheciini among the larentiine moths is expected.
Many aberrant specimens were reported from Indonesia. For example,
The following observations resulted from the study of literature:
Many thanks to Rosichon Ubaidillah and Hari Sutrisno (LIPI), John Chainey, Martin Honey and Geoff Martin (NHM), Wolfram Mey (MNHU), Jean-Luc Boevé and Chantal van Nieuwenhove (RBINS) for offering access to the geometrid collections under their care, to Al Samuelson (Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii), Jeremy Holloway (NHM), Rob de Vos and Willem Hogenes (ZMA N, now NBC) and Ben Brugge (NBC), Manfred Sommerer (Munich), Scott Miller and Patricia Gentili-Poole (Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.) and Axel Hausmann (ZSM) for the loan of material. Sincere thanks to Rodolphe Rougerie, Axel Hausmann, Hossein Rajaei and Antoine Lévêque for valuable comments on the manuscript. I am grateful to Stefan Schmidt (ZSM) for advice and support.