Biodiversity Data Journal : Taxonomic Paper
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Taxonomic Paper
One new species of the genus Sinopoda from Hubei Province, with description of the male of Sinopoda angulata (Araneae, Sparassidae)
expand article infoYang Zhu‡, Yang Zhong§, Tingbang Yang|
‡ The State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering of China, Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
§ Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, Hubei, China
| Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
Corresponding author: Yang Zhong (hubeispider@aliyun.com), Tingbang Yang (tingbang_yang@aliyun.com)
Academic editor: Jeremy Miller
Received: 12 Jun 2020 | Accepted: 24 Aug 2020 | Published: 03 Sep 2020
© 2020 Yang Zhu, Yang Zhong, Tingbang Yang
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Zhu Y, Zhong Y, Yang T (2020) One new species of the genus Sinopoda from Hubei Province, with description of the male of Sinopoda angulata (Araneae, Sparassidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e55377. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e55377
ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4CFF874A-968A-429C-B887-740DD3DB63EA
Open Access

Abstract

Background

In the past year, Prof. Jian Chen conducted several spider collections in Hubei Province. Almost 1000 spiders were collected. After diagnosis, two of them were found to belong to the genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999.

New information

Two Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 species, both from Hubei Province, including one new species, are treated in the current paper: S. angulata Jäger, Gao & Fei, 2002 and S. yichangensis sp. n. (♂). The male of S. angulata is described for the first time from Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province. New geographic records are provided as well as photos of the copulatory organs and habitus.

Keywords

biodiversity, huntsman spiders, China, taxonomy

Introduction

The genus Sinopoda was established by Jäger (1999), with Sinopoda forcipata (Karsch, 1881) as its type species. Currently, Sinopoda is the fourth most speciose genus of the subfamily Heteropodinae Thorell, 1873, and includes 126 species (Bertkau 1872, Thorell 1873, Plantnick 2020). Of these, a total of 41 species were collected from caves (Plantnick 2020). The species of the genus Sinopoda are small to large spiders whose body length ranges from 3 to 26 mm, with much longer legs relative to their body (Jäger 1999). Members of this genus are known from South-, East- and Southeast-Asia: Brunei, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam (Grall and Jäger 2020). From China, 65 species are known; among them, 18 species are only known from females and 4 from males (Plantnick 2020). The species S. angulata was first described based on a female specimen from Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, Hubei Province. Recently, the authors examined specimens collected from Hubei Province and found that two females and two males seemed to belong to this species. One new species of this genus is also described in this paper.

Materials and methods

Specimens were examined and measured with a Leica M205C stereomicroscope. Points arising from the tegular appendages are listed as clock-positions from the left bulb in ventral view. Male palps were examined after dissection and detached from the spiders’ bodies and the epigynes were examined and illustrated after dissection. Epigynes were removed and cleared in warm lactic acid before illustration. All photographs were taken with a Leica DFC450 digital camera attached to a Leica M205C stereomicroscope, with 10–20 photographs taken in different focal planes and combined using image stacking software (Leica LAS). Photographic images were edited using Adobe Photoshop CC 2015. Left palps are illustrated. Most hairs and macrosetae are omitted in the palp drawings. All specimens are deposited in the Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China (CBEE).

Leg measurements are shown as: total length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). The number of spines is listed for each segment in the following order: prolateral, dorsal, retrolateral, ventral (in femora and patellae, ventral spines are absent and the fourth digit is omitted in the spination formula). Abbreviations used in the text and figures are given below:

ALE—anterior lateral eyes;

AME—anterior median eyes;

AW—anterior width of prosoma;

C—conductor;

CH—clypeus height;

dRTA—dorsal branch of RTA;

E—embolus;

EA—embolic apophysis;

FD—fertilisation duct;

FE—femur;

GA—glandular appendage;

LL—lateral lobes;

LS—lobal septum;

Mt—metatarsus;

OL—opisthosoma length;

OW—opisthosoma width;

Pa—patella;

PL—prosoma length;

PLE—posterior lateral eyes;

PME—posterior median eyes;

Pp—palp or palpus;

PP—posterior part of spermathecae;

PW—prosoma width;

RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis;

SP—spermophor;

ST—subtegulum;

T—tegulum;

Ta—tarsus;

Ti—tibia. I, II, III, IV—legs I to IV;

vRTA—ventral branch of RTA.

Taxon treatments

Sinopoda angulata Jäger, Gao & Fei, 2002

Material    Download as CSV 
  1. scientificName:
    Sinopoda angulata Jäger, Gao & Fei, 2002
    ; order:
    Araneae
    ; family:
    Sparassdiae
    ; genus:
    Sinopoda
    ; specificEpithet:
    angulata
    ; scientificNameAuthorship:
    Jäger, Gao & Fei, 2002
    ; country:
    China
    ; countryCode:
    CHN
    ; stateProvince:
    Hubei Province
    ; county:
    Badong
    ; locality:
    Jingsihou National Nature Reserve
    ; decimalLatitude:
    31.33
    ; decimalLongitude:
    110.42
    ; samplingProtocol:
    by hand
    ; year:
    2019
    ; month:
    8
    ; day:
    24
    ; individualCount:
    4
    ; sex:
    2 females and 2 males
    ; lifeStage:
    adult
    ; preparations:
    in ethyl alcohol
    ; recordedBy:
    Jian Chen
    ; identifiedBy:
    Jian Chen
    ; dateIdentified:
    August 2019

Description

Male (Fig. 3). PL 6.5, PW 5.3, AW 2.8, OL 6.7, OW 4.2. Eyes: AME 0.34, ALE 0.43, PME 0.39, PLE 0.48, AME–AME 0.23, AME–ALE 0.07, PME–PME 0.28, PME–PLE 0.63, AME–PME 0.40, ALE–PLE 0.46, CH AME 0.16, CH ALE 0.23. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2121; Fe: I–III 323, IV 321; Pa: I–IV 101; Ti: I 2026, III–IV 2126; Mt: I–II 1014, III–IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 11.0 (3.3, 1.4, 2.2, –, 4.1), I 36.9 (9.5, 3.2, 10.2, 10.9, 3.1), II 40.2 (10.3, 2.8, 11.6, 12.3, 3.2), III 30.6 (8.2, 2.2, 8.7, 8.9, 2.6), IV 33.4 (8.8, 2.3, 9.0, 10.2, 3.1). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Cheliceral furrow with three anterior and four posterior teeth, with 28 denticles. Dorsal prosoma reddish to yellowish-brown, posterior margins dark, with distinct fovea and shallow radial furrows. Chelicerae deep reddish-brown. Sternum yellowish-brown, with margin deep brown. Gnathocoxae and labium deep yellowish-brown, with margin deep brown. Legs yellowish-brown, with dark spots. Dorsal opisthosoma yellowish-brown with distinct bright patch in posterior half. Ventral opisthosoma uniformly yellowish-brown with some irregular patches.

Figure 1.  

Sinopoda angulata Jäger, Gao & Fei, 2002, left male palp, prolateral (A), ventral (B) and retrolateral (C) view. Abbreviations: C—conductor, dRTA—dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis, E—embolus, EA—embolic apophysis, SP—spermophore, ST—subtegulum, T—tegulum, vRTA—ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

Figure 2.  

Sinopoda angulata Jäger, Gao & Fei, 2002. A–C Left male palp, prolateral (A), ventral (B) and retrolateral (C) view D Epigyne, ventral view E Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: FD—fertilisation duct, GA—glandular appendage, LL—lateral lobes, LS—lobal septum, PP—posterior part of spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 3.  

Sinopoda angulata Jäger, Gao & Fei, 2002. A male, dorsal view B male, ventral view C female, dorsal view D female, ventral view. Scale bars: 2 mm.

Figure 4.  

Sinopoda yichangensis sp. n., left male palp in prolateral (A), ventral (B) and retrolateral (C) view. Abbreviations: C—conductor, dRTA—dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis, E—embolus, EA—embolic apophysis, SP—spermophore, ST—subtegulum, T—tegulum, vRTA—ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

Figure 5.  

Sinopoda yichangensis sp. n., left male palp in prolateral (A), ventral (B) and retrolateral (C) view. Scale bar：0.5mm.

Figure 6.  

Sinopoda yichangensis sp. n., male in dorsal view (A) ventral view (B). Scale bars: 2 mm.

Palp as in diagnosis (Figs 1, 2). Cymbium longer than tibia. Conductor curved, arising in 1-o’clock position. Spermophore slightly curved in ventral view. Proximal part of tegulum covering embolus base. RTA arising subdistally from tibia with dRTA distinctly curved in retrolateral view.

Female. For details see Jäger et al. 2002.

Diagnosis

Males of this species resemble those of Sinopoda pyramidalis Zhong, Jäger, Chen & Liu, 2019 (Zhong et al. 2019: Figs 50A–C and 51A–D) in having the embolus strongly S-shaped and embolic apophysis pointed in distal part, forming a triangle, but can be separated by: 1) embolus arising from tegulum at the 6-o’clock position in ventral view (8:30- to 9-o’clock position in S. pyramidalis); 2) dRTA narrow and dorsally digitiform in ventral view (broad, bulging in S. pyramidalis); 3) tegulum covering proximal part of embolus in ventral view (only small part of proximal embolus in S. pyramidalis) (Figs 1, 2A–C). Females of this species are similar to those of Sinopoda shennonga (Peng, Yin & Kim, 1996) (Jäger et al. 2002: Figs. 6–7) in having the lobal septum half the width of the lateral lobe and posterior part of spermathecae considerably larger than glandular projection, but differ from S. shennonga by: 1) epigynal field with distinct anterior bands (indistinct in S. shennonga); 2) epigyne with lobal pockets connected by an anterior rim (not in S. shennonga); 3) vulva with internal duct running parallel along the median line (diverging strongly anteriorly in S. shennonga). Females of this species can also be distinguished from other Sinopoda spp. by anterior vulva with a massive and angled structure (Fig. 2D–E, Jäger et al. 2002).

Distribution

China (Hubei Province) (Fig. 7).

Figure 7.  

Locality records for two species of Sinopoda: 1, 2. Sinopoda angulata Jäger, Gao & Fei, 2002; 3. Sinopoda yichangensis sp. n.

Sinopoda yichangensis, sp. n.

Material    Download as CSV 
Holotype:
  1. order:
    Araneae
    ; family:
    Sparassdiae
    ; genus:
    Sinopoda
    ; country:
    China
    ; countryCode:
    CHN
    ; stateProvince:
    Hubei Province
    ; county:
    Wufeng
    ; decimalLatitude:
    30.37
    ; decimalLongitude:
    110.54
    ; samplingProtocol:
    by hand
    ; year:
    2019
    ; month:
    8
    ; day:
    22
    ; individualCount:
    1
    ; sex:
    1 male
    ; lifeStage:
    adult
    ; preparations:
    in ethyl alcohol
    ; recordedBy:
    Jian Chen
    ; identifiedBy:
    Jian Chen

Description

Male (Fig. 6). PL 6.5, PW 5.8, AW 2.7, OL 7.6, OW 4.0. Eyes: AME 0.29, ALE 0.45, PME 0.33, PLE 0.42, AME–AME 0.24, AME–ALE 0.10, PME–PME 0.51, PME–PLE 0.60, AME–PME 0.50, ALE–PLE 0.52, CH AME 0.15, CH ALE 0.20. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2121; Fe: I–III 323, IV 321; Pa: I–IV 000; Ti: I–III 2026, IV 2326; Mt: I–II 1014, III–IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 13.1 (3.7, 2.4, 2.8, –, 4.2), I 35.2 (8.8, 3.2, 9.5, 10.5, 3.2), II 37.5 (9.6, 2.9, 10.5, 11.3, 3.2), III 28.5 (8.1, 2.8, 7.4, 7.7, 2.5), IV 31.0 (8.5, 2.4, 8.1, 9.1, 2.9). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Cheliceral furrow with three anterior and four posterior teeth, with 31 denticles. Dorsal prosoma yellowish-brown, with distinct fovea and radial furrows. Chelicerae deep reddish-brown. Sternum reddish to yellowish-brown, with margin brown. Gnathocoxae and labium yellowish-brown, with distal parts lighter. Legs deep yellowish-brown, covered by short spines. Dorsal opisthosoma yellowish-purple, lateral field of opisthosoma with three pairs of black patches. Ventral opisthosoma deep yellowish-brown with irregular patches.

Palp as in diagnosis (Figs 4, 5). Cymbium about two times longer than tibia in ventral view. Conductor arising from tegulum in 1-o’clock-position. Tegulum median part slightly wider than proximal part. Spermophore slightly curved in ventral view. RTA arising subdistally from tibia, dRTA dorsally digitiform in ventral view and about two times as long as vRTA in retrolateral view.

Female. Unknown.

Diagnosis

Males of this new species can be distinguished from all other Sinopoda species except S. angulata and S. pyramidalis (Zhong et al. 2019: Figs 50A–C and 51A–D) in having a thin embolus, as long as embolic apophysis, and embolic apohysis distinctly wider than embolus. It can be distinguished from the other two congeners by the following combination of characters: 1) tip of embolus apohysis with blunt ends (pointed ends in S. angulata and S. pyramidalis); 2) embolus arising from tegulum at 7- to 8-o’clock position in ventral view (6-o’clock position in S. angulata; 8:30- to 9-o’clock position in S. pyramidalis); 3) dRTA is straight with blunt ends in ventral view (slightly curved, with pointed ends in S. angulata; broad, bulging in S. pyramidalis) (Figs 1, 4).

Etymology

The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.

Distribution

Known only from the type locality (Fig. 7).

Acknowledgements

We thank Prof. Jian Chen (CBEE) for providing Sparassidae specimens. We also thank Elena Grall (Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut, Germany) for checking the specimens of S. angulata. The manuscript benefited greatly from comments by Drs. Majid Moradmand (Isfahan, Iran) and Cristina Rheims (São Paolo, Brazil). We are especially grateful to Jeremy Miller (Leiden, Netherlands), the subject editor of this manuscript. This study was financially supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of Hubei Province (2019CFB248), a PhD grant from Hubei University Science and Technology (BK201811), a Doctoral Research Startup Foundation of China West Normal University (18Q050) and Biological Applications of Nuclear Technology, Nuclear Technology Innovation team project of Hubei University of Science and Technology (H2019002).

References