Biodiversity Data Journal :
Data Paper (Biosciences)
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Corresponding author: Ana I. Azevedo Neto (ana.im.neto@uac.pt)
Academic editor: Paulo Borges
Received: 10 Aug 2020 | Accepted: 30 Aug 2020 | Published: 01 Oct 2020
© 2020 Ana I. Neto, Afonso C. L. Prestes, Nuno Álvaro, Roberto Resendes, Raul M. A. Neto, Ian Tittley, Ignacio Moreu
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Neto AIA, Prestes ACL, Álvaro NV, Resendes R, Neto RMA, Tittley I, Moreu I (2020) Marine algal flora of Pico Island, Azores. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e57461. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e57461
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The seaweed flora of Pico Island (central group of the Azores archipelago) has attracted interest of researchers on past occasions. Despite this, the macroalgal flora of the island cannot be considered well-known as published information reflects only occasional collections. To overcome this, a thorough investigation encompassing collections and presence data recording was undertaken. Research under the Campaigns “AÇORES/89”, “PICO/91”, “PICOBEL/2007” and “LAUMACAT/2011” covered a relatively large area (approximately 39 km2) around the island, encompassing the littoral and sublittoral levels down to about 40 m around the Island.
This paper improves the knowledge of the Azorean macroalgal flora at local and regional scales by listing taxonomic records and providing information on the ecology and occurrence of each species present on the Island’s littoral.
A total of 4043 specimens (including taxa identified only to genus level) belonging to 303 taxa of macroalgae are registered, comprising 197 Rhodophyta, 53 Chlorophyta and 53 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). From these, 225 were identified to species level (142 Rhodophyta, 41 Chlorophyta and 42 Ochrophyta), encompassing 110 new records for the island (69 Rhodophyta, 20 Chlorophyta and 21 Ochrophyta), three Macaronesian endemisms (Botryocladia macaronesica Afonso-Carillo, Sobrino, Tittley & Neto; Laurencia viridis Gil-Rodríguez & Haroun; Codium elisabethiae O. C. Schmidt), 14 introduced and 25 species with an uncertain status.
Macroalgae, Azores, Pico Island, new records, endemism, native, introduced, uncertain, occurrence data.
The Azorean algal flora, considered cosmopolitan with species shared with Macaronesia, North Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Europe and America (
By listing taxonomic records for Pico and presenting general information for each taxon occurrence on the Island’s littoral, this paper addresses several biodiversity shortfalls (see
Marine algal (seaweed) flora of Pico Island, Azores
Collections were conducted and occurrence data recorded during several years (1989-2018) under the coordination of Ana I. Neto. Main collectors were Abel Sentiés, Ana Costa, Ana I Neto, André Amaral, António Brigos, Catarina Santos, Daniel Torrão, David Villegas, Edgar Rosas-Alquicira, Edward Hehre, Emanuel Xavier, Eunice Nogueira, Francisco Wallenstein, Gustavo Martins, Heather Baldwin, Inês Neto, José M. N. Azevedo, Ian Tittley, Karla Leon Cisneros, Leila Bagaço, Maria Machín-Sánchez, Marlene Terra, Mutue Toyota Fujii, Nuno Álvaro, Patrícia Madeira, Raul Coma, Raul Neto, Richard Fralick, Rita Patarra, Ruben Afonso, Ruben Couto, Sílvia Escarduça and Valeria Cassano.
Several taxonomists contributed for the species identification: Abel Sentiés, Ana I. Neto, Edgar Rosas-Alquicira, Edward Hehre, Francisco Wallenstein, Heather Baldwin, Karla Leon Cisneros, Ian Tittley, Maria Machín-Sánchez, Marlene Terra, Mutue Toyota Fujii, Richard Fralick, Ruben Couto and Valeria Cassano.
Voucher specimen management was mainly undertaken by Afonso Prestes, Ana I. Neto, Eunice Nogueira, Natália Cabral and Roberto Resendes.
Located in the North Atlantic, roughly at
Pico (in black in Fig.
The rocky-shore communities of Pico, like all over in the Azores, are dominated by macroalgae at both intertidal and shallow subtidal levels (
The algae referred to in this paper were collected during field studies at littoral and sublittoral levels down to approximately 40 m around Pico Island. Each sampling location was visited several times and, on each occasion, a careful survey was made covering much of the area. Presence/absence data were recorded for all known species and whenever an unknown or potential new species was found, it was collected, assigned an individual registration number and vouchers were deposited at the AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha, based at the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of the Azores.
This study was mainly financed by the following projects/scientific expeditions:
This study covers a relatively large area, approximately 39 km2, encompassing littoral and sublittoral levels down to approximately 40 m around the island (Table
Location N0 | Location ID | Municipality | Locality | Latitude / Longitude | Littoral zone |
1 | PIX_LP_LPlac | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Lagoa de Cima |
|
Subtidal |
2 | PIX_LP_LPMbsp | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Maré|Baía de S. Pedro |
|
Intertidal |
3 | PIX_LP_LPMbsp | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Maré|Baía de S. Pedro |
|
Subtidal |
4 | PIX_LP_LPMpb | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Maré|Ponta da Barra |
|
Intertidal |
5 | PIX_SR_CPpi | São Roque | Cais do Pico|Piscina |
|
Intertidal |
6 | PIX_LP_LPLa | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Lagido |
|
Intertidal |
7 | PIX_LP_LPLa | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Lagido |
|
Subtidal |
8 | PIX_LP_LPMbsp | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Maré|Baía de S. Pedro |
|
Subtidal |
9 | PIX_LP_LPMpb | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Maré|Ponta da Barra |
|
Intertidal |
10 | PIX_LP_LPMpp | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Maré|Poça do Pano |
|
Intertidal |
11 | PIX_LP_LPMpp | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Maré|Poça do Pano |
|
Subtidal |
12 | PIX_LP_CNpo | Lajes do Pico | Calheta do Nesquim|Porto |
|
Subtidal |
13 | PIX_LP_SCp | Lajes do Pico | Santa Cruz|Porto |
|
Subtidal |
14 | PIX_MA_SMp | Madalena | São Mateus|Porto |
|
Subtidal |
15 | PIX_LP_CNpo | Lajes do Pico | Calheta do Nesquim|Porto |
|
Intertidal |
16 | PIX_LP_CNpo | Lajes do Pico | Calheta do Nesquim|Porto |
|
Subtidal |
17 | PIX_LP_Fc | Lajes do Pico | Feteira|Calheta |
|
Subtidal |
18 | PIX_LP_LPc1 | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Controlo 1 |
|
Intertidal |
19 | PIX_LP_LPc2 | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Controlo 2 |
|
Intertidal |
20 | PIX_LP_LPc3 | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Controlo 3 |
|
Intertidal |
21 | PIX_LP_LPc4 | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Controlo 4 |
|
Intertidal |
22 | PIX_LP_LPc5 | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Controlo 5 |
|
Intertidal |
23 | PIX_LP_LPc6 | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Controlo 6 |
|
Intertidal |
24 | PIX_LP_LPfb | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Fabrica baleia |
|
Intertidal |
25 | PIX_LP_LPLa | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Lagido |
|
Intertidal |
26 | PIX_LP_LPMpb | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Maré|Ponta da Barra |
|
Subtidal |
27 | PIX_LP_LPMpp | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Maré|Poça do Pano |
|
Intertidal |
28 | PIX_LP_LPpc | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Ponta do Castelete |
|
Subtidal |
29 | PIX_LP_Pm | Lajes do Pico | Piedade|Manhenha |
|
Intertidal |
30 | PIX_LP_Pm | Lajes do Pico | Piedade|Manhenha |
|
Subtidal |
31 | PIX_LP_PN | Lajes do Pico | Pontas Negras |
|
Intertidal |
32 | PIX_LP_PN | Lajes do Pico | Pontas Negras |
|
Subtidal |
33 | PIX_LP_Ppc | Lajes do Pico | Piedade|Porto do Calhau |
|
Intertidal |
34 | PIX_LP_SB | Lajes do Pico | Santa Bárbara |
|
Subtidal |
35 | PIX_LP_Sbpa | Lajes do Pico | Santa Bárbara|Ponta do Arrife |
|
Subtidal |
36 | PIX_LP_SCpi | Lajes do Pico | Santa Cruz|Piscinas |
|
Intertidal |
37 | PIX_LP_Sf | Lajes do Pico | Silveira|Fonte |
|
Subtidal |
38 | PIX_LP_Sf | Lajes do Pico | Silveira|Fonte |
|
Subtidal |
39 | PIX_LP_SJp | Lajes do Pico | São João|Porto |
|
Intertidal |
40 | PIX_LP_SJp | Lajes do Pico | São João|Porto |
|
Subtidal |
41 | PIX_MA_CA | Madalena | Cabrito |
|
Subtidal |
42 | PIX_MA_CAC | Madalena | Cachorro |
|
Subtidal |
43 | PIX_MA_GU | Madalena | Guindaste |
|
Intertidal |
44 | PIX_MA_MAc | Madalena | Madalena|Canal |
|
Subtidal |
45 | PIX_MA_MAcm | Madalena | Madalena|Cais do Mourato |
|
Intertidal |
46 | PIX_MA_MAi | Madalena | Madalena|Ilhéus |
|
Subtidal |
47 | PIX_MA_MAp | Madalena | Madalena|Porto |
|
Intertidal |
48 | PIX_MA_MApi | Madalena | Madalena|Piscina |
|
Intertidal |
49 | PIX_MA_mi | Madalena | Mirateca |
|
Subtidal |
50 | PIX_MA_MOpc | Madalena | Monte|Porto do Calhau |
|
Intertidal |
51 | PIX_MA_MOpo | Madalena | Monte|Pocinho |
|
Intertidal |
52 | PIX_MA_SCp | Madalena | São Caetano|Porto |
|
Intertidal |
53 | PIX_MA_SCp | Madalena | São Caetano|Porto |
|
Subtidal |
54 | PIX_MA_SMp | Madalena | São Mateus|Porto |
|
Intertidal |
55 | PIX_SR_CPpi | São Roque | Cais do Pico|Piscina |
|
Intertidal |
56 | PIX_SR_CPpi | São Roque | Cais do Pico|Piscina |
|
Subtidal |
57 | PIX_SR_PrN | São Roque | Prainha do Norte |
|
Intertidal |
58 | PIX_SR_PrNbc | São Roque | Prainha do Norte|Baia de Canas |
|
Intertidal |
59 | PIX_SR_PrNca | São Roque | Prainha do Norte|Canto da Areia |
|
Subtidal |
60 | PIX_SR_SAbc | São Roque | Santo Amaro|Baía do Canto |
|
Intertidal |
61 | PIX_SR_SAc | São Roque | Santo Amaro|Caisinho |
|
Intertidal |
62 | PIX_SR_SAnt | São Roque | Santo António |
|
Intertidal |
63 | PIX_SR_SAnt | São Roque | Santo António |
|
Subtidal |
64 | PIX_SR_SApm | São Roque | Santo Amaro|Ponta do Mistério |
|
Subtidal |
65 | PIX_SR_SMA | São Roque | São Miguel Arcanjo |
|
Subtidal |
66 | PIX_LP_LPMppb | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Maré|Ponta da poça da baleia |
|
Intertidal |
67 | PIX_LP_LPp | Lajes do Pico | Lajes do Pico|Portinho |
|
Intertidal |
68 | PIX_LP_Pm | Lajes do Pico | Piedade|Manhenha |
|
Intertidal |
69 | PIX_LP_SCpi | Lajes do Pico | Santa Cruz|Piscinas |
|
Intertidal |
70 | PIX_MA_MAb | Madalena | Madalena|Barca |
|
Intertidal |
71 | PIX_MA_MOpo | Madalena | Monte|Pocinho |
|
Intertidal |
72 | PIX_SR_CPpov | São Roque | Cais do Pico|Porto Velho |
|
Intertidal |
73 | PIX_SR_PrN | São Roque | Prainha do Norte |
|
Intertidal |
74 | PIX_MA_MAb | Madalena | Madalena|Barca |
|
Intertidal |
Intertidal collections were made at low tide by walking over the shores. Subtidal collections were made by scuba diving around the area. Sampling encompassed both physical collections and species presence recordings. For the former, in each sampling location, collections were made manually by scraping one or two specimens of species found into previously labelled bags (Fig.
Each sampled taxon was investigated by trained taxonomists with the help of keys and floras. This involved morphological and anatomical examination by eye or under dissecting and compound microscopes of an entire specimen or slide preparation. In difficult cases, specimens were sent to experts for identification.
In the laboratory, the specimens were sorted and studied following standard procedures used in macroalgae identification.
Species identification was based on morphological and anatomical characters and reproductive structures. For small and simple thalli, this required the observation of the entire thallus by eye and/or under dissecting or compound microscopes. For larger and more complex algae, the investigation of the thallus anatomy required histological work to obtain longitudinal and transverse sections needed for the observation of cells, reproductive structures and other diagnosing characters.
The Azorean algal flora has components from several geographical regions which makes for difficulties in identification. Floras and identification keys to macroalgae in the Atlantic and Western Mediterranean were used in species identification (e.g.
For more critical and taxonomically-difficult taxa, specimens were taken to the Natural History Museum (London) for comparison with collections there or sent to appropriate specialists.
A reference collection was made for all collected specimens by assigning them a herbarium code number and depositing them at the AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha, University of Azores. Depending on the species and on planned further research, different types of collections were made, namely (i) liquid collections using 5% buffered formaldehyde seawater and then replacing it by the fixing agent Kew (
Nomenclatural and taxonomic status used here follow Algaebase (
Pico Island, Azores, Macaronesia, Portugal (approximately
38.376 and 38.567 Latitude; -28.555 and -28.021 Longitude.
All macroalgae were identified to genus or species. In total, 303 taxa were identified belonging to 30 orders and 67 families, distributed by the phyla Rhodophyta (15 orders and 39 families), Chlorophyta (3 orders and 10 families) and Ochrophyta (12 orders and 18 families).
Rank | Scientific Name | Common Name |
---|---|---|
phylum | Rhodophyta | Red algae |
phylum | Chlorophyta | Green algae |
phylum | Ochrophyta | Brown algae |
The sampling was performed on several occasions in the period between 1989 and 2018.
Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License
This data paper presents physical and occurrence data from macroalgal surveys undertaken on Pico Island between 1989 and 2018. The dataset submitted to GBIF is structured as a sample event dataset, with two tables: event (as core) and occurrences (
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
Table of Sampling Events | Table with sampling events data (beginning of table) |
eventID | Identifier of the event, unique for the dataset |
country | Country of the sampling site |
countryCode | Code of the country where the event occurred |
stateProvince | Name of the region |
island | Name of the island |
municipality | Name of the municipality |
locality | Name of the locality |
locationID | Identifier of the location |
decimalLatitude | The geographic latitude of the sampling site |
decimalLongitude | The geographic longitude of the sampling site |
geodeticDatum | The spatial reference system upon which the geographic coordinates are based |
coordinateUncertaintyInMetres | The horizontal distance (in metres) from the given decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude describing the smallest circle containing the whole of the Location |
eventDate | Time interval when the event occurred |
year | The year of the event |
samplingProtocol | Sampling method used during an event |
locationRemarks | Zonation level |
minimumDepthInMetres | The minimum depth in metres where the specimen was found |
maximumDepthInMetres | The maximum depth in metres where the specimen was found |
eventRemarks | Notes about the event |
Table of Species Occurrence | Table with species occurrence data (beginning of new table) |
occurrenceID | Identifier of the record, coded as a global unique identifier |
institutionID | The identifier for the institution having custody of the object or information referred to in the record |
institutionCode | The acronym of the institution having custody of the object or information referred to in the record |
collectionID | An identifier of the collection to which the record belongs |
collectionCode | The name of the collection from which the record was derived |
datasetName | The name identifying the dataset from which the record was derived |
eventID | Identifier of the event, unique for the dataset |
kingdom | Kingdom name |
phylum | Phylum name |
class | Class name |
order | Order name |
family | Family name |
genus | Genus name |
specificEpithet | The name of the first or species epithet of the scientificName |
infraspecificEpithet | The name of the lowest or terminal infraspecific epithet of the scientificName, excluding any rank designation |
acceptedNameUsage | The specimen accepted name, with authorship |
previousIdentifications | Previous name of the specimen, with authorship |
scientificName | The name without authorship applied on the first identification of the specimen |
basisOfRecord | The specific nature of the data record |
habitat | Description of the habitat where the specimen was found |
organismQuantityType | The type of quantification system used to quantity the organisms |
organismQuantity | Percentage of the organism coverage |
recordedBy | Person(s) responsible for sampling |
catalogNumber | Identifying code for a unique sample lot in a biological collection |
identifiedBy | Person(s) responsible for taxa identification |
type | The nature of the resource |
preparations | The preservation method used for the specimen |
establishmentMeans | The establishment status of the organism in the study region |
occurrenceRemarks | New record status assignment |
licence | Reference to the licence under which the record is published |
This paper accommodates the 4043 specimens of macroalgae recorded from Pico Island in 303 taxa comprising 225 confirmed species and 78 taxa identified only to genus level. The confirmed species (Tables
Macroalgae species from Pico Island, with information on number of records, biogeographic origin and occurrence remarks (A: abundant; C: common; R: rare).
Phylum |
Species (Accepted Name) |
Number of records |
Establishment Means |
Occurrence Remarks |
|
Rhodophyta |
Acrosorium ciliolatum (Harvey) Kylin |
34 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Aglaothamnion cordatum (Børgesen) Feldmann-Mazoyer |
1 |
Introduced |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Aglaothamnion tenuissimum (Bonnemaison) Feldmann-Mazoyer |
2 |
Uncertain |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis (Greville) P.C.Silva & DeCew |
5 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Amphiroa beauvoisii J.V.Lamouroux |
11 |
Native |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Amphiroa fragilissima (Linnaeus) J.V.Lamouroux |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Amphiroa rigida J.V.Lamouroux |
4 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Anotrichium barbatum (C.Agardh) Nägeli |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Anotrichium furcellatum (J.Agardh) Baldock |
1 |
Uncertain |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Antithamnion decipiens (J.Agardh) Athanasiadis |
4 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Antithamnion diminuatum Wollaston |
2 |
Introduced |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Antithamnionella boergesenii (Cormaci & G.Furnari) Athanasiadis |
2 |
Uncertain |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Aphanocladia stichidiosa (Funk) Ardré |
4 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Asparagopsis armata Harvey, phase Falkenbergia rufolanosa (Harvey) F.Schmitz |
42 |
Introduced |
New record |
A |
Rhodophyta |
Asparagopsis armata Harvey |
142 |
Introduced |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan |
35 |
Native |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Asteromenia peltata (W.R.Taylor) Huisman & A.J.K.Millar |
16 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Bornetia secundiflora (J.Agardh) Thuret |
3 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Botryocladia botryoides (Wulfen) Feldmann |
3 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Botryocladia macaronesica Afonso-Carillo, Sobrino, Tittley & Neto |
1 |
Macaronesian endemism |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Callithamnion corymbosum (Smith) Lyngbye |
5 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Callithamnion granulatum (Ducluzeau) C.Agardh |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Callithamnion tetragonum (Withering) S.F.Gray |
4 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Carradoriella denudata (Dillwyn) A.M.Savoie & G.W.Saunders |
20 |
Uncertain |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Carradoriella elongata (Hudson) A.M.Savoie & G.W.Saunders |
9 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Catenella caespitosa (Withering) L.M.Irvine in Parke & P.S.Dixon |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Caulacanthus ustulatus (Mertens ex Turner) Kützing |
10 |
Uncertain |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Centroceras clavulatum (C.Agardh) Montagne |
57 |
Native |
A |
|
Rhodophyta |
Ceramium ciliatum (J.Ellis) Ducluzeau |
18 |
Native |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Ceramium cingulatum Weber Bosse |
1 |
Introduced |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Ceramium circinatum (Kützing) J.Agardh |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Ceramium codii (H.Richards) Mazoyer |
2 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Ceramium diaphanum (Lightfoot) Roth |
21 |
Native |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Ceramium echionotum J.Agardh |
3 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Ceramium gaditanum (Clemente) Cremades |
4 |
Uncertain |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Ceramium virgatum Roth |
42 |
Native |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Champia parvula (C.Agardh) Harvey |
3 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Chondracanthus acicularis (Roth) Fredericq |
58 |
Native |
A |
|
Rhodophyta |
Chondracanthus teedei (Mertens ex Roth) Kützing |
26 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Chondria capillaris (Hudson) M.J.Wynne |
15 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Chondria coerulescens (J.Agardh) Sauvageau |
1 |
Uncertain |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Chondria dasyphylla (Woodward) C.Agardh |
13 |
Uncertain |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Coelothrix irregularis (Harvey) Børgesen |
1 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Corallina officinalis Linnaeus |
5 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Cottoniella filamentosa (M.Howe) Børgesen |
5 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Crouania attenuata (C.Agardh) J.Agardh |
11 |
Native |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Cryptopleura ramosa (Hudson) L.Newton |
6 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Dasya corymbifera J.Agardh |
7 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Dasya rigidula (Kützing) Ardissone |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Dermocorynus dichotomus (J.Agardh) Gargiulo, M.Morabito & Manghisi |
63 |
Native |
A |
|
Rhodophyta |
Diplothamnion jolyi C.Hoek |
3 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Dudresnaya verticillata (Withering) Le Jolis |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Ellisolandia elongata (J.Ellis & Solander) K.R.Hind & G.W.Saunders |
190 |
Native |
A |
|
Rhodophyta |
Erythrocystis montagnei (Derbès & Solier) P.C.Silva |
11 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Gaillona hookeri (Dillwyn) Athanasiadis |
5 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Gastroclonium ovatum (Hudson) Papenfuss |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Gastroclonium reflexum (Chauvin) Kützing |
20 |
Native |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Gayliella flaccida (Harvey ex Kützing) T.O.Cho & L.J.McIvor |
4 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Gelidium arbuscula Bory ex Børgesen |
4 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Gelidium microdon Kützing |
81 |
Native |
A |
|
Rhodophyta |
Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis |
76 |
Native |
New record |
A |
Rhodophyta |
Gelidium spinosum (S.G.Gmelin) P.C.Silva |
35 |
Native |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Gigartina pistillata (S.G.Gmelin) Stackhouse |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Gracilariopsis longissima (S.G.Gmelin) Steentoft, L.M.Irvine & Farnham |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Grateloupia filicina (J.V.Lamouroux) C.Agardh |
3 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Gymnogongrus crenulatus (Turner) J.Agardh |
38 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Gymnogongrus griffithsiae (Turner) C.Martius |
37 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Gymnothamnion elegans (Schousboe ex C.Agardh) J.Agardh |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Halarachnion ligulatum (Woodward) Kützing |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Herposiphonia secunda (C.Agardh) Ambronn |
2 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Heterosiphonia crispella (C.Agardh) M.J.Wynne |
5 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Hildenbrandia crouaniorum J.Agardh |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Hypnea arbuscula P.J.L.Dangeard |
1 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Hypnea cervicornis J.Agardh |
2 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Hypnea flagelliformis Greville ex J.Agardh |
8 |
Introduced |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) J.V.Lamouroux |
97 |
Uncertain |
A |
|
Rhodophyta |
Hypnea spinella (C.Agardh) Kützing |
25 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Hypoglossum hypoglossoides (Stackhouse) Collins & Hervey |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Jania capillacea Harvey |
16 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Jania longifurca Zanardini |
9 |
Uncertain |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Jania pedunculata var. adhaerens (J.V.Lamouroux) A.S.Harvey, Woelkerling & Reviers |
8 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Jania pumila J.V.Lamouroux |
10 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Jania rubens (Linnaeus) J.V.Lamouroux |
43 |
Native |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Jania virgata (Zanardini) Montagne |
13 |
Uncertain |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Kallymenia reniformis (Turner) J.Agardh |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Laurencia brongniartii J.Agardh |
3 |
Introduced |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Laurencia chondrioides Børgesen |
11 |
Introduced |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Laurencia dendroidea J.Agardh |
10 |
Introduced |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Laurencia intricata J.V.Lamouroux |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Laurencia microcladia Kützing |
3 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Laurencia minuta Vandermeulen, Garbary & Guiry |
18 |
Introduced |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) J.V.Lamouroux |
2 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Laurencia pyramidalis Bory ex Kützing |
11 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Laurencia tenera C.K.Tseng |
17 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Laurencia viridis Gil-Rodríguez & Haroun |
4 |
Macaronesian endemism |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Laurenciella marilzae (Gil-Rodríguez, Sentíes, Díaz-Larrea, Cassano & M.T.Fujii) Gil-Rodríguez, Sentíes, Díaz-Larrea, Cassano & M.T.Fujii |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Lejolisia mediterranea Bornet |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Leptosiphonia brodiei (Dillwyn) A.M.Savoie & G.W.Saunders |
2 |
Uncertain |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Liagora viscida (Forsskål) C.Agardh |
8 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Lithophyllum incrustans Philippi |
1 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Lomentaria articulata (Hudson) Lyngbye |
75 |
Native |
New record |
A |
Rhodophyta |
Lomentaria clavellosa (Lightfoot ex Turner) Gaillon |
1 |
Uncertain |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Lophosiphonia cristata Falkenberg |
13 |
Native |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Meredithia microphylla (J.Agardh) J.Agardh |
10 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Nemalion elminthoides (Velley) Batters |
21 |
Native |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Nitophyllum punctatum (Stackhouse) Greville |
11 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Osmundea hybrida (A.P.de Candolle) K.W.Nam |
5 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Osmundea oederi (Gunnerus) G.Furnari |
3 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Osmundea pinnatifida (Hudson) Stackhouse |
23 |
Native |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Osmundea truncata (Kützing) K.W.Nam & Maggs |
24 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Peyssonnelia squamaria (S.G.Gmelin) Decaisne ex J.Agardh |
8 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Phyllophora gelidioides P.Crouan & H.Crouan ex Karsakoff |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas) W.H.Adey & D.L.McKibbin ex Woelkering & L.M.Irvine |
1 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Platoma cyclocolpum (Montagne) F.Schmitz |
9 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Plocamium cartilagineum (Linnaeus) P.S.Dixon |
28 |
Native |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Polysiphonia atlantica Kapraun & J.N.Norris |
3 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Polysiphonia ceramiiformis P.Crouan & H.Crouan |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Polysiphonia havanensis Montagne |
3 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Polysiphonia opaca (C.Agardh) Moris & De Notaris |
3 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Polysiphonia stricta (Mertens ex Dillwyn) Greville |
6 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Porphyra umbilicalis Kützing |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Pterocladiella capillacea (S.G.Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand |
131 |
Native |
A |
|
Rhodophyta |
Rhodymenia holmesii Ardissone |
22 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Rhodymenia pseudopalmata (J.V.Lamouroux) P.C.Silva |
9 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Schizymenia apoda (J.Agardh) J.Agardh |
1 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Schottera nicaeensis (J.V.Lamouroux ex Duby) Guiry & Hollenberg |
1 |
Uncertain |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Scinaia interrupta (A.P.de Candolle) M.J.Wynne |
2 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Sebdenia dichotoma Berthold |
7 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Sebdenia rodrigueziana (Feldmann) Codomier ex Parkinson |
6 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Spermothamnion repens (Dillwyn) Magnus |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Sphaerococcus coronopifolius Stackhouse |
16 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Rhodophyta |
Spongoclonium caribaeum (Børgesen) M.J.Wynne |
4 |
Introduced |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Symphyocladia marchantioides (Harvey) Falkenberg |
44 |
Introduced |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Taenioma nanum (Kützing) Papenfuss |
3 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Tenarea tortuosa (Esper) Me.Lemoine |
1 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Vertebrata fruticulosa (Wulfen) Kuntze |
4 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Vertebrata fucoides (Hudson) Kuntze |
1 |
Uncertain |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Vertebrata furcellata (C.Agardh) Kuntze |
1 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Vertebrata reptabunda (Suhr) Díaz-Tapia & Maggs |
10 |
Uncertain |
C |
|
Rhodophyta |
Vertebrata tripinnata (Harvey) Kuntze |
1 |
Native |
R |
|
Rhodophyta |
Wrangelia penicillata (C.Agardh) C.Agardh |
3 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Rhodophyta |
Yuzurua poiteaui (J.V.Lamouroux) Martin-Lescanne |
4 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Chlorophyta |
Anadyomene saldanhae A.B.Joly & E.C.Oliveira |
94 |
Native |
New record |
A |
Chlorophyta |
Anadyomene stellata (Wulfen) C.Agardh |
16 |
Uncertain |
C |
|
Chlorophyta |
Blidingia minima (Nägeli ex Kützing) Kylin |
4 |
Native |
R |
|
Chlorophyta |
Bryopsis cupressina J.V.Lamouroux |
4 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Chlorophyta |
Bryopsis pennata J.V.Lamouroux |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Chlorophyta |
Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C.Agardh |
6 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Chlorophyta |
Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillwyn) Kützing |
8 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Chlorophyta |
Chaetomorpha ligustica (Kützing) Kützing |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Chlorophyta |
Chaetomorpha linum (O.F.Müller) Kützing |
4 |
Native |
R |
|
Chlorophyta |
Chaetomorpha pachynema (Montagne) Kützing |
84 |
Native |
A |
|
Chlorophyta |
Cladophora albida (Nees) Kutzing |
6 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Chlorophyta |
Cladophora coelothrix Kützing |
32 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Chlorophyta |
Cladophora conferta P.Crouan & H.Crouan |
4 |
Native |
R |
|
Chlorophyta |
Cladophora hutchinsiae (Dillwyn) Kützing |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Chlorophyta |
Cladophora laetevirens (Dillwyn) Kützing |
7 |
Uncertain |
R |
|
Chlorophyta |
Cladophora lehmanniana (Lindenberg) Kützing |
8 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Chlorophyta |
Cladophora liebetruthii Grunow |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Chlorophyta |
Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kützing |
43 |
Native |
C |
|
Chlorophyta |
Cladophoropsis macromeres W.R.Taylor |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Chlorophyta |
Cladophoropsis membranacea (Hofman Bang ex C.Agardh) Børgesen |
6 |
Uncertain |
R |
|
Chlorophyta |
Codium adhaerens C.Agardh |
101 |
Native |
A |
|
Chlorophyta |
Codium decorticatum (Woodward) M.Howe |
16 |
Native |
C |
|
Chlorophyta |
Codium effusum (Rafinesque) Delle Chiaje |
22 |
Uncertain |
C |
|
Chlorophyta |
Codium elisabethiae O.C.Schmidt |
39 |
Macaronesian endemism |
C |
|
Chlorophyta |
Codium fragile subsp. fragile (Suringar) Hariot |
4 |
Introduced |
New record |
R |
Chlorophyta |
Codium taylorii P.C.Silva |
3 |
Native |
R |
|
Chlorophyta |
Codium vermilara (Olivi) Delle Chiaje |
18 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Chlorophyta |
Ernodesmis verticillata (Kützing) Børgesen |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Chlorophyta |
Lychaete pellucida (Hudson) M.J.Wynne |
10 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Chlorophyta |
Microdictyon umbilicatum (Velley) Zanardini |
11 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Chlorophyta |
Pseudorhizoclonium africanum (Kützing) Boedeker |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Chlorophyta |
Ulva clathrata (Roth) C.Agardh |
14 |
Native |
C |
|
Chlorophyta |
Ulva compressa Linnaeus |
13 |
Native |
C |
|
Chlorophyta |
Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus |
13 |
Native |
C |
|
Chlorophyta |
Ulva lactuca Linnaeus |
1 |
Uncertain |
R |
|
Chlorophyta |
Ulva linza Linnaeus |
3 |
Native |
R |
|
Chlorophyta |
Ulva polyclada Kraft |
5 |
Native |
R |
|
Chlorophyta |
Ulva prolifera O.F.Müller |
3 |
Native |
R |
|
Chlorophyta |
Ulva rigida C.Agardh |
133 |
Native |
A |
|
Chlorophyta |
Valonia macrophysa Kützing |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Chlorophyta |
Valonia utricularis (Roth) C.Agardh |
7 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Ascophyllum nodosum (Linnaeus) Le Jolis |
4 |
Native |
R |
|
Ochrophyta |
Bachelotia antillarum (Grunow) Gerloff |
4 |
Native |
R |
|
Ochrophyta |
Canistrocarpus cervicornis (Kützing) De Paula & De Clerck |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Carpomitra costata (Stackhouse) Batters |
4 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Cladostephus spongiosum (Hudson) C.Agardh |
6 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbès & Solier |
98 |
Native |
A |
|
Ochrophyta |
Cutleria multifida (Turner) Greville |
9 |
Uncertain |
R |
|
Ochrophyta |
Cutleria multifida (Turner) Greville, phase Aglaozonia parvula (Greville) Zanardini |
10 |
Uncertain |
New record |
C |
Ochrophyta |
Cystoseira compressa (Esper) Gerloff & Nizamuddin |
23 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Ochrophyta |
Cystoseira foeniculacea (Linnaeus) Greville |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Cystoseira humilis Schousboe ex Kützing |
5 |
Native |
R |
|
Ochrophyta |
Dictyopteris polypodioides (A.P.de Candolle) J.V.Lamouroux |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Dictyota bartayresiana J.V.Lamouroux |
3 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Dictyota cyanoloma Tronholm, De Clerck, A.Gómez-Garreta & Rull Lluch |
3 |
Native |
R |
|
Ochrophyta |
Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) J.V.Lamouroux |
35 |
Native |
C |
|
Ochrophyta |
Dictyota dichotoma var. intricata (C.Agardh) Greville |
7 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Dictyota implexa (Desfontaines) J.V.Lamouroux |
6 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Ectocarpus fasciculatus Harvey |
2 |
Native |
R |
|
Ochrophyta |
Fucus spiralis Linnaeus |
32 |
Uncertain |
C |
|
Ochrophyta |
Halopteris filicina (Grateloup) Kützing |
77 |
Native |
A |
|
Ochrophyta |
Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau |
129 |
Native |
A |
|
Ochrophyta |
Hincksia ovata (Kjellman) P.C.Silva |
1 |
Native |
R |
|
Ochrophyta |
Hydroclathrus clathratus (C.Agardh) M.Howe |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Hydroclathrus tilesii (Endlicher) Santiañez & Wynne |
15 |
Introduced |
New record |
C |
Ochrophyta |
Leathesia marina (Lyngbye) Decaisne |
2 |
Uncertain |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Lobophora variegata (J.V.Lamouroux) Womersley ex E.C.Oliveira |
2 |
Native |
R |
|
Ochrophyta |
Microzonia floridana (E.C.Henry) Camacho & Fredericq |
3 |
Native |
R |
|
Ochrophyta |
Myrionema strangulans Greville |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Nemoderma tingitanum Schousboe ex Bornet |
39 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Ochrophyta |
Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy |
91 |
Native |
A |
|
Ochrophyta |
Petalonia binghamiae (J.Agardh) K.L.Vinogradova |
10 |
Introduced |
C |
|
Ochrophyta |
Petrospongium berkeleyi (Greville) Nägeli ex Kützing |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Sargassum cymosum C.Agardh |
5 |
Native |
R |
|
Ochrophyta |
Sargassum desfontainesii (Turner) C.Agardh |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Sargassum furcatum Kützing |
25 |
Native |
New record |
C |
Ochrophyta |
Sargassum vulgare C.Agardh |
1 |
Native |
R |
|
Ochrophyta |
Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Link |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Sphacelaria cirrosa (Roth) C.Agardh |
2 |
Native |
R |
|
Ochrophyta |
Sphacelaria tribuloides Meneghini |
1 |
Uncertain |
R |
|
Ochrophyta |
Spongonema tomentosum (Hudson) Kützing |
1 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Taonia atomaria (Woodward) J.Agardh |
2 |
Native |
New record |
R |
Ochrophyta |
Treptacantha abies-marina (S.G.Gmelin) Kützing |
72 |
Native |
New record |
A |
Ochrophyta |
Zonaria tournefortii (J.V.Lamouroux) Montagne |
90 |
Native |
A |
Main taxonomic figures with information on the species origin and status.
Phyllum | Order | Family | Specimens Number | Total taxa | Total species | Native | Introduced | Uncertain | Macaronesian endemism | New record |
Rhodophyta | 15 | 39 | 2404 | 197 | 142 | 113 | 11 | 16 | 2 | 69 |
Chlorophyta | 3 | 10 | 773 | 53 | 41 | 34 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 20 |
Ochrophyta | 12 | 18 | 866 | 53 | 42 | 36 | 2 | 4 | 21 | |
Total | 30 | 67 | 4043 | 303 | 225 | 183 | 14 | 25 | 3 | 110 |
Many species were only sporadically recorded on Pico, but 11 were commonly found around the Island and occurred quite abundantly in some locations: the Rhodophyta Asparagopsis armata Harvey, Ellisolandia elongata (J. Ellis & Solander) K. R. Hind & G. W. Saunders, Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) J. V. Lamouroux and Pterocladiella capillacea (S. G. Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand; the Chlorophyta Anadyomene saldanhae A. B. Joly & E. C. Oliveira, Codium adhaerens C. Agradh and Ulva rigida C. Agardh; the Ochrophyta Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbès & Solier in Castagne, Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau, Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy and Zonaria tournefortii (J. V. Lamouroux) Montagne.
A mismatch regarding the GBIF backbone taxonomy of some of the macroalgae species names was identified as detailed in Suppl. material
This research was supported by the project “PICOBEL: Coastal benthic communities of Pico Island: characterization and monitoring”, funded by the Azores Regional Government and lately by the project “ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072” funded the Operational Programme Azores 2020 (85% ERDF and 15% regional funds). We are grateful to the Municipality of Lajes do Pico and Escola Básica e Secundária de Lajes do Pico for their logistics support during the Campaign PICOBEL/2007. Thanks are due to the Campaign PICOBEL/2007 team (André Amaral, António Brigos, Catarina Santos, Daniel Torrão, David Villegas, Edgar Rosas-Alquicira, Eunice Nogueira, Francisco Wallenstein, Gustavo Martins, José M. N. Azevedo, Karla Leon Cisneros, Marlene Terra, Nuno Álvaro, Raul Coma, Rita Patarra, Ruben Couto and Sílvia Escarduça), the team of the Campaign LAUMACAT/2011 (Abel Sentiés, Eunice Nogueira, Maria Machín-Sánchez, Mutue Toyota Fujii, Valeria Cassano) and to Mrs Inês Melo Azevedo and her husband José A. Azevedo for providing free accommodation to some of the team members during the campaign periods. The occasional collections made by Edward Hehre, Heather Baldwin, Inês Neto, Leila Bagaço, Patrícia Madeira, Richard Fralick and Ruben Afonso are appreciated. Afonso Prestes was supported by a PhD grant (M3.1.a/F/083/2015) awarded by Fundo Regional da Ciência e Tecnologia (FRCT).
AIN: Conceptualisation; Methodology; Investigation (fieldwork and laboratory work); Resources; Data Curation; Formal analysis and interpretation; Paper writing
ACLP: Investigation (laboratory work); Resources; Paper writing
NVA: Investigation (field and laboratory work); Maps elaboration; Paper writing
RR: Resources; Data Curation
RMAN: Data Curation; Formal analysis and interpretation; Paper writing
IT: Methodology; Investigation (field and laboratory work); Data Curation; Paper writing
IM: Data Curation; Formal analysis and interpretation; Paper writing
GBIF does not have the more actualised nomenclature for some of the macroalgae species names. Therefore, the matching tools of its platform were applied to the species list, as required by Pensoft's data auditor, to identify the problematic taxonomic situations. The resulting file (DP-PIX-id_14106_normalized-redz.csv) is included here, since the names will not be immediately updated in the GBIF Taxonomic Backbone. A request was already sent to GBIF helpdesk to resolve this situation.